THE OMA-HA DAILY BEEl TUESDAY , DECEMBER 0 , 1808.
/ \i
preparations for the drcndcd contingency are
told In the reports of the secretaries of war
and of the Davy , nud need not bd repeated
here. It li sufficient to say that the out
break of war , when It did come , found our
nation not unprepared to meet the conflict.
Nor was the apprehension of coming strife
confined to our own country. It was felt
by the continental power * which , on April
0 , through their ambassadors and envoys ,
addressed to the executive an expression
of hope that humanity and moderation
might mark the course of this government
find people , and that further negotiations
would lead to an agreement , which , while
securing the maintenance of peace , would
affirm alt necessary guarantees for the reestablishment -
establishment of order In Cuba. In responding
spending ( o that presentation I also shared
the hope the envoys had expressed that
peace might be preserved In a manner to
terminate the chronic condition of dis
turbance In Cuba , so Injurious and menac
ing to our Interests and tranquillity , as well
an shocking to our sentiments of humanity ;
and , while appreciating the humanitarian
and disinterested character of the communi
cation they hod made on' behalf of the
powers , it wao stated , that this gov
ernment hoped for Its part that equal ap
preciation would be shown for Its earnest
and unselfish cndeators to fulDIl a duty of
humanity by ending a situation the In
definite prolongation of which had become
Insufferable. . ' , . ,
Effort * to Avoid n Conflict.
StHl , animated by thc hopo.of . a peaceful
solution and obeying the dictates of duty ,
no effort was relaxed to brlng about a speedy
ending of the .Cuban struggle. Negotiations
with this object continued actively twlth
thai government of Spain , looking to
the Immediate conclusion of a six months'
armistice In Cuba with a view Ha'"effect " the
recognition of her people's right to 'Inda- '
' pondencc. Besides this , the Instant revoca
tion of the order of reconcentratlon waa
asked , so that the sufferer * , returning to
their homes and aided by united American
and Spanish effort , might be put In a way
to support themselves , and , by orderly ro-
tuaptlon of the well-nigh destroyed pro
ductive energies of the ilsland , contribute to
the restoration o'f Us tranquillity and well-
being. Negotiations continued for some
little time at Madrid , resulting In { offers by
the Spanish government which could < not
but be regarded on . .Inadequate. It was pro
posed to iconflde 'the preparation to the
Ineulai ( parliament , , yct to be convened under
the autonomous decrees of November , 1897 ,
but without Impairment In any ) wise of the
constitutional powers of the Madrid govern
ment , which , ' to that end , would grant an
armlstlcb , It requested by the Insurgents , for
such time ashe , gcneral-ln-chlot might see
fit to" flx. * How and-with what scope of
discretionary powers the Insular parliament
was Expected to eet about , the "prepara
tion" of peace did notappear. . It 'It waa
(
to be-by" negotiation * with the- insurgents
the Issue Boomed > to rest on thct one side
with a body .chosen by a faction of the
elector ! . In the districts under Spanish con
trol and on the other ) with ) the Insurgent
population folding the Interior country , un
represented In the so-called parliament , and
defiant at the eugges'tlon'ot-sulng for peace.
444
Intervention In Cuba. .
Grieved and disappointed at this barren
outcome of my. sincere endeavors to reach
a practicable solution ! I felt It my duty to
refer the whole question to the congress.
In the message of April 11 , 1898 , I an
nounced that with this last overture In the
direction of Immediate peace in Cuba , and
Hi 'disappointing reception by Spain , the
effort-of the . .executivewas brought to.an
end. I again reviewed the alternative course
of * ct)9p ) which I had prepared , concluding
wthfrftM 6nly > vopB yonojB nt wlt jateN
national policy aid compatible .with"-our
'flrmctot historic * ! xtr dtlpn ) < wasylnterven-
tton , as ft neutral , to stop the war and check
the hopeless sacrifice of life , even though
that resort Involved "hostile constraint upon
both the parties to the contest , as well as to
enforce a truce as to guide the eventual
settlement. "
The grounds .Justifying , that * step were the
Interests of humanity , the duty to protect
life and property of our citizens In Cuba ,
the right to check Injury , to our commerce
and people * through the devastation of the
island , and , most important , , the need ot
removing at once anjd forever the constant
menace and the , Burdens .entailed upon our
government by .the uncertainties and perils
ot the situation ; caused by the unendurable
disturbances in Cuba. . I said :
The long trial baa proved that the object
for which Spain has waged the war cannot
bo attained. The fire of insurrection may
flame or may smoulder with recurring sea
sons but it has not been and It is plain
that'll cannot be extinguished by present
methods. Theronly hope of relief and re
pose from a condition which can no longer
b endured Is the enforced pacification of
Cuba. In the. name ot humanity , in the
name ot civilization , in behalf ot endangered
American interests , which give us the right
and the duty to speak and to act , the war in
Cuba must etop.
In view of all this the congress was asked
to authorize and empower the president'to
take measures to secure a full and final
termination at hostilities between Spain
and the people of Cuba , and to secure in
the island , the establishment ot a stable
governmenl , capable of maintaining order
and observing its International obligations ,
injuring peace and , tranquillity/ the security
'
curity of Its'citizens'as well * as "our own ,
and for the accomplishment ot those ends
to use th.o military and naval forces of the
United States'as might be necessary , -with
added authority to continue generous re
lief'to tbo starving people ot Cuba.
Declaration at War.
i
The response ot the' ' copgress , after nine
days of earnest deliberation , , during which
the almost unanimous sentiments ot your
body was developed on every point save
as to the expediency of coupling the pre
pared action with a formal recognition of
to * Republic iof Cuba as the true and law
ful government ot that Island a proposi
tion which failed of adoption the congress ,
after conference , on the 19th ot April , by a
vote of 42 to 35 in the senate , and 311 to
6 in the house ot representatives , passed
the memorable Joint resolution , declaring :
1. That the people of Cuba are and by
right ought to be free and Independent.
2. That It is the duty ot the United States
! HOOD'S Coupon
CALENDAR
beauty ,
patriotic , up to date.
Subject :
"An American Girl. "
One of the Imndsoracst pieces of coloi
work Issued Ibis year. Lithographed
with bonier of army and navy euiblcmi
embossed In gold. Leave your name
with your druggist and ask him to sav <
you u cony or send 0 cents lu stamps foi
cue to . , C. I. HOOD & CO. ,
Lowell , Mass.
( Mention this paper. )
Remember
Hood's Sarsaparilla is
America's Greatest Medicine
for the Blood and the
' Best that Money Can Buy.
Hence take o ly Hood's.
anJ the Roiernment of the United States
hereby demands that the government of Spain
rcllcgulsh Its authority In the Inland of
Cuoa and withdraw Its land and naval
forces from Cuba and Cuban waters.
3. That the president of the United States
bo and he Is hereby directed and empowered
to use the entire land and naval forces ot
the United Rtatofl and to call Into the actual
service of the United Blatos the militia of
tbo several states , to snch extent as maybe
bo necessary to carry these resolutions Into
effect.
4. That the United States hereby disclaims
any disposition or Intention to exercise
sovereignty , ' Jurisdiction or control-over said
lolanJ , except for the pacification thereof ,
and asserts Us determination when that Is
accomplished to leave the government and
control of the Island to Its people.
" 1'rcclpHntta a nntitirre.
This resolution was approved t > y the
executive on the next day , April 20. A
copy wai at once communicated to the
Spanish minister at this capital , who forth
with announced that his continuance In
Washington had thereby become Impossi
ble , and asked for his passports , which
were given him. Ho thereupon withdrew
from Washington , leaving the protection of
Spanish Interests In the United States to the
French ambassador' and the Austro-
Hungarlan minister. Simultaneously with
Us communication to the Spanish minister ,
General Woodford , the American minister at
Madrid , was telegraphed confirmation ot the
text of the Joint resolution and directed to
communicate It to the government of Spain ,
with the formal demand that It at once
relinquish Us authority and government In
the Island of Cuba and withdraw Its forces
therefrom , coupling this demand with an
nouncements of the Intentions of this gov
ernment as to the future of the Island , In
conformity with the fourth clause 'of the
resolution' , and giving Spain until noon of
April 23 to reply.
The demand , although , as above shown ,
officially made known to the Spanish envoy
here , was not delivered at Madrid. After
the Instruction reached General Woodford on
the morning of April 21 , but before ho could
present It , the Spanish minister ot state
notified him that upon the president's ap
proval of the Joint resolution the Madrid
government , regarding the act as
"equivalent to a declaration of war , " had
ordered Its minister In Washington to with
draw , thereby breaking off diplomatic , rela
tions between the two countries and coaslng
all official communication between their re
spective representatives. General Woodford
thereupon demanded ' 'his passports and
quitted Madrid the same , day. .
Illookode of Cuba.
Spain , having thus denied the demand of
the United States and Initiated that com
plete form of rupture of relations which at
tends a state ot war , the executive powers
authorized by the resolution were at once
by me exercised to meet the enlarged con
tingency of actual war between Spain and
the United States. On April 22 I pro
claimed a blockade of the northern coast of
Cuba , Including ports on said coast between
Cardenas and Bahla Honda and the port of
; Cldnfuegos on the south coast of Cuba ; and
on the 23d I called for volunteers to exe
cute the purpose of the resolution. ' By my
message of April 25 the congress waa In
formed of the situation and I recommended
formal declaration ot the existence of a
state of war between the United States and
Spain. The congress , accordingly , voted on
the same day" the act approved April 25 ,
1898 , declaring the existence of such war ,
from and Including the 21st day of April ,
and re-enacted the provision of the resolu
tion of April 20 , directing the president * to
use all the armed forces ot the nation to
carry that act Into effect. Dud notifica
tion of the existence of war , as aforesaid ,
waa given Ap'rir25 , by'telegraph to'all the
governments with wtilcb ttie Unltid Stales
maintained relations , In oftler 'that thlr
neutrality , might b assured , durlnsr thb-war <
'Tho virlous governments responded with
proclamations , of neutrality ] each after , U
own methods. Itla not among the least
gratifying Incidents of the struggle that
the obligations of neutrality were impar
tially discharged by all , often under deli
cate and difficult circumstances.
In further fulfillment of International
duty , I Issued April 26 a proclamation an
nouncing the treatment proposed to be ac
corded to vessels and their cargoes as to
blockade , contraband- the exercise of the
right of search and the Immunity of neutral
flags and neutral goods , under enemy's flag.
, A similar proclamation was made by the
Spanish government. In the conduct of
hostilities the rules ot the declaration of
Paris , Including abstention from resort to
privateering , have accordingly been ob
served by both belligerents , although
neither was a party to that declaration.
Prompt Heiponie of Volunteers.
Our country thus , after an Interval of halt
a century of peace with all nations , found
itself engaged in deadly conflict with a for
eign country. Every nerve was strained to
meet the emergency. The response to the
Initial can for 125,000 volunteers was Instant
and complete , as was also the result of the
second call of May 25 , " for 75,000 additional
volunteers. The ranka of the regular army
were Increased to the limits provided by the
act of April 23. The enlisted force ot the
navy on the 16th of August , when It reached
1 Its maximum , numbered 24,123 men and ap-
I prentices. One hundred and three vessel *
were added to the navy by purchase , one
was presented to the government , one leased
and the four vessels of the International
Navigation company , the St. Paul , St. Louis ,
New York and Paris , were chartered. In
addition to these the revenue cuttera and
lighthouse tenders were turned over to the
Navy department and became temporarily a
part of the auxiliary navy.
The maximum effective fighting forces of
the navy during the war , separated Into
classes , was as follows : Four battleships ot
the first-class , one battleship ot the second-
class'two armored cruisers , slx coast de
fense monitors , one armored * ' ram , , twelve
protected cruisers , three unprotected cruis
ers , eighteen gunboats , one dynamite cruiser ,
eleven torpedo boats , fourteen veasets. ot
the old navy , including mopUors. .Auxiliary
navy : Auxiliary crulsen ; . twenty-eight
converted yachts , twent/-seven conve'rted
tugs , nineteen converted colliers , four reve
nue cutters , four lighthouse tenders and
nineteen miscellaneous vessels. ,
Much alarm aa felt .along our entire
Atlantic seaboard rest some attack might be
made by the enemy. Every precaution was
taken to prevent possible Injuries to our
great cities lying along the coast. Tempo
rary garrisons werp proylded , drawn from
the state mllllla and Infantry , and light bat
teries were drawn from the volunteer force.
About 12,000 troops were thus employed.
The coast signal service was established for
observing the approach of an enemy's ship
to the coast ot the United , States , and the
lighthouse service co-operated , which en
abled the Navy department to haverall portions
tions of the Atlantic coast'from Maine to
Texas , under observation. , '
The auxiliary navy wa created'under the
authority ot congress and was officered and
manned by the naval militia ot the several
state * . This orgtnlation patrolled the coast
and performed the duty ot a second arm ot
defense ,
Mlnea In 4he Harbors.
Under the direction ot the chief ot engineers
submarine mines were placed at the most
exposed points , Before the outbreak of the
war permanent mining casemates and cable
galleries had been constructed at 'all Im
portant harbors. Most of the torpedo ma
terial was not to be found In the market
and had to ho specially .manufactured.
Under date of April 19 district officers were
directed to take all preliminary measures ,
short of the actual attaching of the loaded
mines to the cables , and on April 23 tele
graphic orders were Issued to place the
loaded mines In position. The aggregate
number ot mines placed was 1,6(5 at tbt
[ principal harbors from Maine to California.
Preparations were also made for the plantIng -
Ing ot mines at certain other harbors , but
owing to the early destruction ot the
Spanish fleet the mines were not placed ,
The signal corps was promptly organized
and performed service of the most difficult
and Important character. Its operations
during the war Included the electrical con
nection ot all coast fortifications , the cs-
tnbil'shmenl ot telephonic and telegraphic fa
cilities for the camps at Manila , Santiago
and In , Pprto Rico. There were constructed
300 miles of line at ten camps , thus
facilitating military movements from those
points In a manor heretofore unknown In
military administration. Field telegraph
lines were established and maintained under
the enemy's fire at Manila , and later the
Manila-Hong Kong coble was reopened.
In Porto Rico cable communications were
opened over a discontinued route and on
land the headquarters of the commanding
officer was kept In telegraphic and telephonic -
phonic communication with the division
commanders on four different lines-of opera
tions.
There was placed Jn Cuban waters a com
pletely outfitted cable ship , with war cables
and cable gear suitable both for the de
struction of communications belonging to the
enemy and the establishment ot our own.
Two ocean cables were destroyed under the
enemy's batteries at Santiago. The day
previous to the landing of General Shatter's
corps at Calmancra , within twenty miles
of the landing place , cable communications
were established and a cable station opened ,
giving direct communication with the gov
ernment at Washington. This service was
invaluable to the executive In directing the
operations of the army and navy. With a
total force ot over 1,300 , the loss was by
disease In camp and field , officers nnd men
Included , only five.
Exitetidlntf Fifty-Million Fund.
The national defense money , under the $50-
000,000 fund , was expended In large part by
the army and navy , and the objects for whlcU
it was used are fully shown in the reports
of the several secretaries. It was1 a most
timely appropriation , enabling the govern
ment to strengthen Its defense and to make
preparations greatly needed in case of war.
This fund being Inadequate to the require
ments of equipment of the war , the
patriotism of the congress provided the
means In the war revenue act of June 13 , by
authorizing a 3 per cent popular loan , not
to exceed $400,000,000 , and ny levying addi
tional Imports and taxes. Of the authorized
loan , 1200,000,000 was offered and promptly
taken , the subscriptions so far exceeding the
call as to cover it many times over , while ,
preference being given to the smaller bids ,
no single allotment exceeded J3.000. This
was a most encouraging and significant re
sult , showing the vast resources of the
nation and the determination of the people
to uphold their country's honor.
It is not within the province of this mes
sage to narrate the history of the extraor
dinary war that followed the Spanish
declaration of April 21 , but a brief recital of
its more salient features Is appropriate.
The first encounter of the war In point of
date took place April 21 , when a detach
ment of the blockading squadron made a
reconnaissance In force at Matanzas,1 shelled
the harbor forts and demolished several new
works in construction. ,
Dc e > ' Remarkable Victory.
The nexi engagement was destined to mark
a.memorabre epoch In maritime warfare. The
Pacific fleet , under Commodore George
Dewey , had lain for some weeks at Hong
Koug. Upon the colonial proclamation of
neutrality being Issued and the customary
twenty-four hours' notice being given , It re
paired to MIrs bay , near Hong Kong , whence It
proceeded to the Philippine islands , under1
telegraphic , orders to capture , or , dea royihe'
formidable Spanish'fleet theri"'aiTsembled at :
Manila. At daybreak'cn'the Ist'of'Mayflhe
American force entered' Manila bay 'arid
after a few hours' engagement 'effected the
total destruction of the Spanish fleet , con
sisting of ten war ships and a transport ,
besides capturing the naval station and
forces at Cavite , thus annihilating the Span
ish naval power in the Pacific ocean and
completely controlling the bay ot Mantra ,
with the ability to take the city at will.
Not a life waa lost on our ships , the wounded
only numbering seven , while not a vessel
was materially Injured. For this gallant
achievement the congress , upon my recom
mendation , fitly bestowed upon the actors
preferment and substantial reward.
The effect of this remarkable victory nipon
the spirit of our people and upon the for
tunes of war was Instant. A prestige ot In
vincibility thereby attached to our arms
which continued throughout the struggle.
Reinforcements werex hurried to Manila ,
under , the command of Major General Mer-
rltt , and were firmly established within sight
of the capital , which lay helpless before our
guns. On the 7th day ot May the. govern
ment was advised officially of the victory at
Manila , and at once Inquired of the com
mander of our fleet what troops would be
required. The information was received on
the 15th day of May and the first army ex
pedition tailed on May 25 and arrived-at
Manila July 30. Other expeditions soon fol
lowed , the total force consisting ot 641 offi
cers and 15,053 men.
No Divided Responsibility.
Only reluctance to cause needless lo'ss'of
lite and property prevented the arly.storm
ing and capture ot the city , and therewith
the absolute military occupancy of the
whole group. The Insurgents , meanwhile ,
had returned tbo active hostilities sus
pended by the uncompleted truce of De
cember , 1897. Their forces Invested Manila
from the northern and eastern sides , but
w re restrained by Admiral . Dewey _ and
General Merrltf from attempting an as
sault. It was fitting that whatever waste
to bo done In the way of decisive opera
tions In that quarter should bo accom
plished by the strong arm of the United
States alone. Obeying the stern precept of
war which enjoins the overcoming ot the
adversary and the extinction of his power
wherever assailable , as the speedy and sure
means to win p. peace , divided victory was
not permissible , for no partition ot the
rights ) and responsibilities attending the en
forcement ot a Just and advantageous peace
could-bo thought of.
Following the adoption of a comprehen
sive scheme of general attack , powerful
forces were assembled at various points on
our coast to Invade Cuba and Porto Rico ,
Meanwhile naval demonstrations were , made
at several exposed points. On May 11 the
cruiser Wilmington and torpedo boat W3i !
low were unsuccessful In an attempt to si
lence the batteries at Cardenas and against
Matanzas , Ensign Worth Bagley and .four
seamen falling. These grievous fatalities'
were strangely enough among the very few
which occurred during our naval .operations
In this extraordinary conflict.
Coming of Cervera.
Meanwhile the Spanish naval prepara
tions had been pushed with great vigor. A
'powerful squadron Under Admiral 'Cervera ,
which had assembled at the' Cape Verde
Islands before the outbreak of hostilities ,
had crossed the ocean , and by Ita , erratic
movements In the Caribbean sea 'delayed
our military operations 'while baffling the
pursuit cf our flcMs ! For a time fears were
felt , lest the Oregon and Marietta , then
nearlng home , after their long voyage from
San Francisco of over 15,000 miles , might bt >
sarprlsed by Admiral'C rvera's fleet , but
their fortunate arrival dispelled the ap
prehensions and brought the much-needed
reinforcements.
Not until Admiral Cervera took refuge Iq
the harbor of Santiago de Cuba , about May
9 , was it practicable td plan a systematic
military attack upon the Antlllean po 4
sessions of Spain.
Several demonstrations occurred on the
coast of Cuba and Porto Rlcf , In prepara-
tions for the larger event. On May 13
the north Atlantic squadron shelled San
Juan de Porto Rico , on May 30 Commodore
Schloy'ii squadron bombarded the torts
guarding the mouth ot Santiago harbor.
Neither attack had any material result. It
was evident that well-ordered land opera
tions were Indispensable to achieve a de
cided advantage.
The next net in the war thrilled not alone
the hearts of our countrymen but the
world by Its exceptional heroism. On the
night of June 3 Lieutenant Hobson , ( tided
by set en devoted volunteers , blocked the
narrow outlet from Santiago harbor by ,
sinking the collier Merrlmac In the chan- ,
nclnier \ a fierce fire from the shore bat
teries , escaping with their lives as by a
miracle , but falling Into the hands of the
Spaniards. U Is. a most gratifying Incident
of tbo war that ; the bravery of the little
bands of heroes'was cordially appreciated by
tbo Spaniardswho Bent a flag of truce.to
notify Admiral Sampson of their safety and
to , compliment them upon their during net.
They were subsequently exchanged , July 7.
Flrnt Landing In Culm.
By June 7 the cutting of the last Cuban
cable Isolated the Island. Thereafter the
'invasion was vigorously prosecuted. On
June 10 , Under a heavy- protecting fire , a
landing force of 600 marines of the Oregon ,
Marblchcnd and Yankee'was effected In
Guantanamo bay , where It 'hod ' been de
termined To establish' a naval station. This
Important and essential port was taken
from the enemy after severe fighting by
the marines , who were the first organized
force of the United States to land in Cuba.
The position eo won was held despite des
perate attempts to dislodge our forces , Ity
Juno 16 additional forces were landed and
strongly Intrenched. On June 22 the ad
vance ot the Invading army under Major
General Shatter landed at Daiquiri , about
fifteen miles east of Santiago. This was
accomplished under great difficulties , but
with marvelous dispatch. On June 23 the
movement against Santiago was begun. On
the 24th the first serious engagement took
place. In which the First and Tenth cavalry
and the First volunteer cavalry , General
Young's brigade of General Wheeler's ' di
vision , participated , losing heavily. By
nightfall , however , ground within five miles
of Santiago was won. The advantage was
steadlty increased. On July 1 a severe
battle took place , our force gaining the
outer works of Santiago and El Caney and
Sa'n Juan were taken after a desperate
charge and the Investment of the city was
completed. The navy co-operated by shell
ing the town and the coast forts.
i Fall of , Santiago.
On the day following this brilliant achieve
ment of our land forces , July 3'occurred
the decision ot a naval combat of the war.
The Spanish fleet , attempting to leave the
harbor , was met by the American squadron
under command of' Admiral Sampson. In
less than three hours" all the Spanish ships
were destroyed , the two torpedo boats sunk
and the Mdrla Teresa , Almlrante Oquendo ,
Vlzcaya and Cristobal Colon driven ashore.
The Spanish admiral and over 1,300 men
were taken prisoners , while the enemy's
loss of life was deplorably large , eoifle 600
*
perishing. On our side but one man was
killed and one man seriously wounded. Al
though our ships weVeV repeatedly struck , not
one was seriously injured.
Where all so conspicuously distinguished
themselves , from.the commanders to the
gunners and the unnamed heroes in the
f
boiler rooms , each and all contributing to
ward the achievement ot this astonishing
victory tor which neither ancient nor modern
history affords a parallel In the completeness
of the fvent , and , jjjo marvelous disproportion
'
of casualties ; UiwoAld'bnvldlou8 ! to single
out any , fer , . special bonpr. Deserved pro-
.motlon bas r wsjded the more'conspicuous
actors thVnatfois.f } ] > rofoundegt gratitude Is
due to all'of the e brave , men who by their
skill and ( devotion in & few short hours
crushed the sea power'ot Spain and wrought
a triumph whose decisiveness . .and far-
reaching effects can scarcely be measured.
Nor can webe , unmindful of the achieve
ments ot our builders , mechanics and arti
sans for their skill In the construction ot
our war ships.
With the catastrophe ot Santiago Spain's
effort upon the ocean virtually ceased. A
spasmodic effort toward the end of June to
send her Mediterranean fleet under Admiral
Camara to relieve Manilla was abandoned ,
the expedition being recalled after U had
passed through the Suez canal.
Surrender of Santiago.
'
The capitulation of Santiago followed.
The city was closely besieged by land , while
ithestatlonlngof ourshlps at the harbor mouth
cut off all relief on that side. After a truce
to allow of the removal of non-combatants ,
protracted negotiations continued from July
3 until July,15 , when , under menace ot Im
mediate assault , the preliminaries ot sur
render were agreed upon. On the 17th Gen
eral Shatter occupied the city. The capitula
tion embraced the entire eastern end of
Cuba. The number ot Spanish soldiers sur
rendered was 22,000 , all of whom1 were
subsequently conveyed to Spain at the
charge , of the United States. The story of
this successful campaign Is told In the re
port of the secretary of war , which will be
laid before you. ,
The individual valor ot officers and
soldiers was never more strikingly shown
than in the several engagements , leading to
the surrender ofjsantlago , while the prompt
movements and' successive victories won
Instant and universal applause. To those
who gained this complete triumph which
established the ascendancy of the United
States upon land , as the fight off Santiago
had fixed our supremacy on the seas , the
earnest and lasting gratitude of the nation
is unsparingly due. Nor should wo alone
remember the gallantry of the living the
dead claim our tears and our losses by
battle and disease must cloud any exulta
tion at the result and teach us to weigh
the awful cost of war , however rightful the
cause or signal'the victory.
Campulicn IB Porto Rico.
With the fall of Santiago the occupation
ot Porto1 Rico i became the next strategic
necessity. peneraf Miles bad previously
been assigned to organise an expedition for
that purpose. Fortunately he was already
at Santiago , where ho had arrived on the
llth of July , with reinforcements for General
Shatter's army.
'With these troops , consisting of 3,145 In
fantry And artillery , two companies of engi
neers and one company of the signal corps ,
General Miles left Guantansmo on July 21 ,
having , nine transports , conveyed by the
'fleet ' under Captain Hlgglnson , with the Maa-
's chusetts ( flagship ) , Dixie , Gloucester ,
Columbia and Yale , the two fatter carrying
troops. The expedition landed at Guantca
July 25 , which port waa entered with little
opposition. Here the fleet waa Joined by the
Annapolis and Wasp , while the Puritan anfl
Amphltrlto went to San Juan and Joined the
New Orleans , which was engaged In block
ading that port. The major general com
manding was .subsequently reinforced by
General Schwan's brigade of the Third army
corps , by General Wlhon with a part of hit
division and also by General Brooke with
a part ot his corps , numbering In all 16,973
officer ! and men , On July 27 he entered
Ponce , one of the most Important ports In
the Island , from which he thereafter directed
the operations for the capture of the Island.
With the exception of the encounters with
the euemy at Guantanamo , Hermlgueres ,
Goamo and Yauco and an attack on a force
landed at Cape San Juan , there was no
serious resistance. The campaign was
prosecuted with great vigor and by the 12th
of August much of the Island was In our
possession and the acquisition of the re
mainder was only a matter ot a short time.
At most of the points in the Island our
troops were enthusiastically welcomed.
rrotetUons ot loyalty to the fUr and
gratitude for delivery from Spanish ruto met
our commanders at every stage. As a potent
influence toward peace , the outcome of the
Porto HI can expedition was ot great con
sequence , and generous commendation Is duo
to those who participated In It.
Capture of Manila.
The last scene ot the wan was enacted nt
Manila , Its starting place. On August in ,
after a brief assault upon the works by the
land forces , In which the squadron assisted ,
the capital surrendered unconditionally. The
casualties were comparatively few. Dy this
the conquest of the Philippine Islands ,
virtually accomplished when the Spanish
capacity for resistance was destroyed by
Admiral Dowey's victory of the 1st of May ,
was formally sealed. To General Merrltt ,
his officers and men for their uncomplaining ,
devoted services , for their gallantry In
action , the nation ii sincerely grateful.
Their long voyage was made with singular
success and the soldierly conduct of the
men , many of whom were without previous
experience in the military service , deserves
unmeasured praise.
The total casualties In killed and wounded
QUrlng the war was as follows : Officers
killed , 23 ; enlisted men killed , 257 ; total ,
280 ; officers wounded , 113 ; enlisted men
wounded , 1,464 ; total 1.577. Of the navy ,
killed , 17 ; wounded , 67 ; died as result of
wounds , 1 ; Invalided from service , 6 ;
total , 91.
It will bo observed that while our navy
was engaged In two great battles , and In
numerous perilous undertakings In the
blockades and bombardments nnd more than
50,000 of our troops were transported to
distant lands and engaged in assault and
siege and battle and many skirmishes In un
familiar territory , wo lost In both arms of
the service a total of 1,668 killed and
wounded ; and In the entire campaign by
land and sea we did not lose a gun or a
flag or a transport or a ship , and with the
exception of the crow of the Merrlmac not
a soldier or sailor was taken prisoner.
On August 7. forty-six dajs from the
date of the landing of General Shatter's
army In Cuba and twenty-one days from the
surrender of Santiago , the United States
troops commenced embarkation for home ,
and our entire force was returned to the
United States as early as August 24. They
were absent from the United States only
two months.
TraUc fop TIiONq In Camp.
It is fitting that I should bear testimony
to the patriotism and devotion of that large
portion of our army which , although eager
to be ordered to the post of greatest ex
posure , fortunately was not required out
side of the United States. They did their
whole duty and like their comrades at the
front have earned the gratitude of vhe
nation. In llko manner the officers ana
men of the army and of the navy who re
mained In their departments and stations of
the navy , performing moat Important duties
connected with the war , and whose requests
for assignment In the field and at sea it
was necessary to refuse because their serv
ices were Indispensable here , are entitled to
the highest commendation. It IB my regret
that there seems to be no provision for
their suitable recognition.
In this connection It is a pleasure for mete
to mention in terms of cordial approbation
the timely and useful work of the American
National Red Cross , both In relief measures
preparatory to the campaigns , In sanitary
assistance at several of the camps of as
semblage , and later , under the able and ex
perienced leadership of the president of the
society , Miss Clara Barton , on the fields of
battle and in the hospitals at the front In
Cuba. Working In conjunction with ' .the
governmental authorities and under their
sanction and approval , and with the enthu
siastic co-operation of many patriotic women
societies In the various states , the Red Cross
biftr maintained already ' .feign . reputation
for intense earnestness and ability to exer
cise the noble purposes ot its organization ,
thus Justifying the confidence and support
which It has received at the hands of the
American people. To the members and offi
cers of thla society and all who aided them
In their philanthropic work the sincere grat
itude of the soldiers and public Is due , and is
fully accorded.
in tracing these events we are constantly
reminded of our obligations to the Divine
Master for His watchful care over us and
HIa safe guidance , for which the nation
makes reverent acknowledgment and offers
humble prayer for the continuance ot His
favor.
NEGOTIATIONS FOR PEACE
President Reviews ) the Successive
Steps Taken to Bring the
Conflict to an End.
The anniniiaiion 01 Admiral Cervera's
fleet , followed by the capitulation of San
tiago , having brought to the Spanish gov
ernment a realizing sense of the hopeless
ness of continuing a struggle now becoming
wholly unequal , It made overtures ot peace
through the French ambassador , who , with
the assent of his government had acted as
a friendly representative of Spain's interests
during the war. On tie 26-th - of July M.
Cambon presented a communication signed
by the duke of Almcdovar , the Spanish
minister of state , Inviting the United States
to state the terms on which It would be
willing to make peace. On July 30 , by a
communication addressed to the duke cf
Almodovar and handed to M. Cambon , the
terms of this government were announced ,
substantially as In the protocol afterward
signed. On August 11 the Spanish reply ,
dated August 7 , was handed by M. Cambon
to the secretary of state. It accepted un
conditionally the terms Imposed as to Cuba ,
Porto Rico and an Island ot the Ladrones
group , but appeared to seek to introduce
Inadmissible reservations In regard to our
demand as to the Philippines. Conceiving
that discussion on this point could neither
be practicable or profitable , I directed that
In crder to avoid misunderstanding the mat
ter should be forthwith closed by proposing
the embodiment In a formal protocol of the
terms In which these negotiations for pe.ico
were to be undertaken. The vague and
Inexplicit suggestions of the Spanish note
could not be accepted , the only reply being
to present as a virtual ultimatum a draft
of the protocol embodying the precise terms
tendered to Spain in our note of July 30 ,
with added stipulations nt detail as to the
appointment ot commissioners to arrange
for the evacuation of the Spanish Antilles.
On August 12 M. Cambon announced his
receipt of full powers to sign the protocol
so submitted.
Sliritlnir the Protocol.
Accordingly on the afternoon of August 12
M. Cambon , as the plenipotentiary of Spain
and the secretary of state as the plenipo
tentiary of the United States , signed a pro
tocol providing :
Article 1. Spain will relinquish all claim
of sovereignty over and title to Cuba.
Article 2. Spain will cede to the United
Stated the Island of Porto Rico nnd other I
Islands now under Spanish B0\orclgnty In
thn West Indies , nnd also An Island In the
Ladrones , to bo selected by the United .
States. I
Article 3. The United States will occupy
nnd hold the city , bay and harbor of Ma
nila , pending the conclusion ot a treaty ot
peace which shall determine the control , i
disposition nnd control of the Philippines , I
The foutth article provided for the ap- '
polntment of Joint commissions on the part
of the United States nnd Spain , to meet In
Havana and San Juan , respectively , for the
purpose of arranging and carrying out the
details of the stipulated evacuation of Cuba ,
Porto Rico and other Spanish Islands In
the West Indies. i
The fifth article provided for the appoint
ment of not more than five commissioner ! )
on each side to meet at Paris not later than
October 1 , nnd to proceed to' the negotia
tion and conclusion ot a treaty ot pence ,
subject to ratification , according to the re
spective constitutional forms of the two
countries.
The sixth and last article provided that
upon the signature of the protocol hostil
ities between the two countries should be
suspended nnd that notice to that effect
should be given as soon as possible by each
government to commanders ot Its military
and naval forces.
Immediately upon the conclusion of the
protocol I Issued the proclamation of Au
gust 12. suspending hostilities on the part
of the United States. The necessary ordcra
to that end were at once given by telegraph.
The blockade of the ports of Cuba and San
Juan do Porto Rico was in like manner
raised.
MtmtcrlnR Ont Volunteer * .
On August 18 the muster out of 100,000
volunteers , or ns near that number as was
fiund to be practicable , was ordered. On
December 1 , 101,165 officers and men had
been mustered out and discharged from the
service ; 9,002 more will bo mustered out
by the 10th of the month. Also a cor
responding number ot generals and general
staff officers ha\e been honorably discharged
from the service.
The military commissions to superintend
the evacuation of Cub : . , Porto Rico and the
adjacent Islands were forthwith appointed :
For Cuba , Major General James F. Wade ,
Rear Admiral William T. Sampson , Major
General Matthew C. Butler ; for Porto Rico ,
Major General John R. Brooke , Roar Ad
miral Wlnficld 5. Schley , Brigadier General
Gordon , who soon afterwards met the
Spanish commissioners at Havana and San
Juan respectively. The Porto Rlcan Joint
commission speedily accomplished Its task
and by October 18 the evacuation of the
Island was completed. Tne United States
flag was raised over the Island at noon that
day. The administration of Its affairs has
been provisionally Intrusted to a military
governor until the congress shall otherwise
provide. The Cuban Joint high commission
has not yet terminated Its labors. Owing to
the difficulties In the way of removing the
large number of Spanish troops still In Cuba
the evacuation cannot be completed before
the 1st of January next.
Naming Pence Commissioners.
Pursuant to the fifth article of the protocol ,
I appointed William R. Day , lately sec
retary ot state ; Cushman K. Davis , William
P. Fryo and George Gray , senators of the
United States , and Whltelaw Reid , to be the
peace commissioners on the part of the
United States. Proceeding in due season to
Paris , they there- met on the 1st of October
flvo commissioners similarly appointed on
the part of Spain. The negotiations have
made hopeful progress , so that I trust soon
to be able to lay a definitive treaty of peace
before the senate , with a review of the steps
leading to its signature.
ISLAND OF CUBA TO BE FREE
President . Adheres ) to Resolution
Adopted by Congress at the Break
ing Oat of the War.
I do not discuss at this time the govern
ment or the future of the new possessions
which will come to us as the result of the
war with Spain. Such a discussion will be
appropriate after the treaty of peace shall
be ratified. In the meantime , and until
congress has legislated otherwise. It will
bo my duty to continue the military govern
ments which have existed since our occupa
tion and give Its people security In life
and property and encouragement under a
Just and beneficent rule.
As eoon as we have possession ot Cuba
and have pacified the Island It will be
necessary to give aid and direction to this
people to form a government for them
selves. This should be undertaken at the
earliest moment consistent with safety and
assured success. It Is Important that our
relations with these people shall be ot the
most friendly character and our commercial
relations close and reciprocal. It should
bo our duty to assist in every proper way
to build up the waste places ot the Island ,
encourage the Industry of the people , and
assist them to form * a government which
shall bo free and Independent , thus realiz
ing the best aspirations of the Cuban people.
Spanish rule must bo replaced by a Just ,
benevolent and humane'government , created
by the people of Cuba , capable of perform
ing all international obligations , and which
shall encourage thrift , Industry and pros
perity , and' promote peace and good will
among all of the Inhabitants , whatever may
have been their relations In the past.
Neither revenge nor passion should have
a place in the new government. Until there
is complete tranquillity in the Island and a
stable government Inaugurated military oc
cupation will be continued.
ACTION ON NICARAGUA CANAL
Condition ot Grant Necessitates
Prompt Consideration of the
Question by Congress.
The Nicaragua Canal commission , under
the chairmanship of Rear Admiral John
G. Walker , appointed July 24 , 1897 , under
the authority ot a provision of the sundry
civil act of June 4 of that year , has nearly
completed Its labors and the reunite of Its
exhaustive Inquiry Into the proper route ,
the feasibility and the cost of construction
ot an interoceanlc canal by a Nicaraguan
route will bo laid before you. In tbo per
formance of Its talk tbo commission re
ceived all possible courtesy and assistance
from the governments of Nicaragua and
Costa Rica , which thus testified their ap
preciation of the Importance of giving a
speedy and practical outcome to the great
project that has for so many years en
grossed the attention of the respective
countries.
As the scope of recent Inquiry embraced
the whole subject with the aim of making
plans and surveys tor a canal by the most
convenient route , It necessarily Included a
1887 11,804.000
1895 19,526,000
1896-21,973,000
1897-22,585,000
The ever-increasing popularity and the pre-eminence
of Apollinaris is clear to all from the foregoing quantities
bottled at the Apollinaris Spring , Rhenish Prussia.
THE TIMES , LONDON , speaking of APOLLINARIS , says ;
These figures are more eloquent than words.
review of the results of previous survy
and plans , niul In particular those adopted
by the Marltlnlo Cnnnl company under Its rfl
existing concession- ? from Nicaragua anil
Coata ItlM , ao to this extent these grants
necessarily held an essential parf In th
deliberations and conclusions of the canal
commlsslonr and they have so held * nj
needs must hold In the discussion of the
nutter by congress. Umlcr these circum
stances , and In view of the over
tures made to the governmonti
of Nicaragua and Costa Hlca
by other partite for n now canal concession
predicated on the assumed approaching
lapse of the contracts of the Maritime Canal
company with those states , I have not hesi
tated to express my conviction that con ld-
eratlons of expediency and International pol
icy as between the several governments In
terested In the construction and control
of an Intcroceanlc canal by this route re
quire the mealntenanco of the status quo
( Continued on Third Page. )
PC SORE
OHAND
Raw Sore From Finger to Palm.
Physicians and Medicines No
Avail. Cured by Cutioura.
When my little boy was two years of age ,
dry spots commenced to appear on different
partsof his body. Last winter It scorned to ROte
to his hands , and I was obliged to keep tils' *
first three fingers done up all the time , as It
was a raw sore , beginning to extend down to.
ward the palm of the baud Wo consulted threa
different i > alclans , each a certain length ot
time , to see a benefit of their medicines. I
think now , after using CirncuiU , that sorns >
of the sah cs that I used did more Injury than
good. A gentleman ( who sat next to me la
church ) asked mo the matter with my boy's
baud. I took off one of the cloths and showed
h m , he told mo ho had been in a hospital In
Boston , where for all skin diseases they used
CuriounA REMEDIES. I Immediately pur
chased CtmcuBA SOAICUTICURA ( oint
ment ) and CUTICURA RESOLVENT , put aside
what I had been using , ml began with them
Well 1 they cured that hand. I was afraid that
this winter It would break out again , but no.
it is all cured , and I have not bad to haves ,
cloth on It this winter. Mrs. DIAMOND ,
Jan. 29,98. 101 Branson Avc. , Rochester , N.T.
Oticura
RUM SDI dally perform more great cum of
torturing , dliflgurlns : , hnralllaUns : > kln , ac lp , and
blood human than all other blond andikln rime.
dlea combined. In all the world them li no
01 her treatment eo pure , to awfet , 10 epffdlly
efffctlre tor illetrettlng akin linmora of Infanta
and children aa CUTICDRA , irrrateit of akin curaa ,
blood purifiers , and humor rcmrdka.
Sr aBTCuaiT iTuiKT rna Eriar n oawiT
LoMorlliia. W rmb lh > wllhCoricu * So r.t -
U tnolntlnji with CgTictiiu ( oil tmtnl ) purut of imol-
Hint tklneurtt , aid mild doof CITICCIA nilOLTiiit ,
( mint > f blocxl puriflcti an * humor eurti.
Boll throaihonl th world , Portal Dava AXD Gun.
Co r. . it rfojx , H < ton
AMUSEMENTS.
Thcitri
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ENDORJDBYJOMiHiPUILIO
Omaha's Society Vaudeville Theater
The Most Expensive Vaudeville Bill Ever
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ALL WEEK.
Matinees Wednesday , Saturday an *
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John C. Rico and Bally Cohen , In the
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Charlie Rossow , Introducing his wonderful
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PRICES NEVER CHANGING.
Evenings : Reserved seats , 26c and I0c :
gallery : lOc. Matinees : 25c toany part of
the house. Children , lOc ; gallery. lOc
IttrTROCADERO
hone 217 *
nts * Williams. Props , and Mm.
W. W. COLE. Act Manager. - ,
WeekTSDec. 4 fl
MATINEES
SUNDAYS THURSDAYS SATURDAYS
Always the Dest Show In Omaha.
The world's greatest acrobatic equilibrists
Aklmoto's ROYAL JAPANESE TROUPE ,
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Pearl Andrews , the Queen of Mimicry.
The Sisters Leon , America's astonishing
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The Paolls , European Eccentric Comtques.
Misses Stevens and O' Byron , superlative
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Kenn and Wayne , refined burlesque art *
Ists.
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Leon and Miller , comedy horizontal bar
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Prices 25c , 35e SOc.Rcscrved Scats ,
BOYD'S ? &T TUESDAY
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.CONCERT.
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HRS.fANNY BLOOMflELD ZCISLER
Planlste.
MRS. MARTIN CAHNBoprana
FAIIEWEI.L APPEAItA-SCE.
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WM ANDREWS. Chief Clwlt ,
