OXfAtTA HATT.V nV.K : TITT'TISHAV. ATftTTftT , V 1HOM. 0
SURCERK'S PART IN THE WAR
Conclusions Drawn by Army Doctors from
the Study of Bullet Wounds.
ROENTGEN RAYS SUPPLANT THE PROBE
Woiilulu Th/onnh llrnil anil Heart Sot
t'nlnl I'eoiillnr Action of Ilnllrln
Operation * of Lieutenant Col
onel Sr/nn nn l Aninclnteii.
NEW YORK. Auc. 19. Dr. William M.
Gray of the hospital ship Relief found time
the other day to talk of the part that
surgery has ployed In the present war and
the Influence of new scientific appliances as
tested by practical experience In making th
lot of the wounded men easier. Dr. Gray
Is the rnlcroscoplst at the Medical uiuieum
at Washington and was detailed by this
Institution for surgical work In war with
special reference to the diagnosis of gun
shot wounds by the Roentgen rays.
"One thing this war has taught , " he
Bald , "Is that the probe In all Its forms has
Bono out of use. No more searching blindly
In a man's body for the bullet , no more
danger of blood poisoning from the Intro
duction Into the wound of Instruments of
search. The fluoroscone tells us Instantly
where the projectile has Imbedded Itself and
wo hare only to cut It out as It It were
there before our eyes. The Incealous elec
tric probe and all similar devices hare seen
their day. In all future battles experts In
skiagraph/ will be attached of necessity to
the medical corr > 3 and the work of the
turgeona will bo materially assisted by their
precise Indications. We took out bullets
by the pint on board the Relief and al
most without xcepUoa they were located
< by the X-rays. "
The surgeon exhibited the apparatus for
producing the X-rays and the operating
table where the skiagraphs are made. These
eland amidships tn an open space ranged
about with hospital cots. Dr. Gray ex
plained that , excellent as the results have
been so far , they will be better In the
future , since the Relief starts on Its new
cruise with much improved X-ray
appliances. In the developing room
he showed a number of X-ray plates ,
nuch as were prepared for the surgeon's
guidance ; these cannot fall to furnish In
teresting data for the surgical history of
the TMir.
It seemed that valuable time might be
/ lost In ir.aklng these pictures , and the doc
tor was asked about It.
"It Is all done In a few moments , " he
aid , "five seconds for a wound In the
hand , thirty seconds for one In the foot , and
not over ten or fifteen minutes for a wound
through the "thick pelvis. The patient IB
ystretched out berf , the X-ray bulb adjusted
jfover the wound like this ( see Illustration ) ,
the plato put under the limb or part
where the wound Is , and the thing Is done.
The plates are developed almost Instantly.
In many cases we save hours of vain search-
Ing' ; not Infrequently we save the soldier's
life. "
Then ho went on to tell of a remarkable
fc s < 3 where a man was wounded In the right
fchoulder by a Mauser bullet , which plowed
its way on around the chest walls under
the deep muscles and lodged la the left arm ,
shattering- humerus : "Here was an odd
condition , a wound In the right shoulder ,
but no bullet , the bone of the left arm
broken ' , but no wound. How long do you
sup'pose It would have taken to find the
bullet by probing ? It did not take us one
minute to find It with the X-rays. Here
It Is In this picture , you see It there quite
plainly , " He handed over a skiagraph , re
produced herewith , that shows the fractured
humerus andtho imbedded bullet , as If
the arm were transparent. It was simply
a matter of a'few
cuts and the bullet was
out.
Bullet * Thronifh the Ilodjr.
"Did the bullet do no harm , doctor , In
going through tbo body ? "
"Apparently not ; the man made little
complaint , and Is doing nicely ; we have had
more remarkable cases than that of Mauser
bullets passing through the body and doing
no harm. One man was shot through from
Ide to side , with both lungs traversed , but
he had no symptoms , not even any bleed-
Ing. There was Just a small red spot where
the bullet went In and a small red spot
where It came out. If his leg had not been
cracked by another shot he would not have
been In the hospital.
We had two cases on
the ship shot through the Intestines , but
showing no symptoms , one case of a. man
shot through the liver and kidneys , with no
symptoms , and one very remarkable case
where a bullet entered the left chest , passed
through the body and out of the abdomen ,
went through the air for a foot or so , and
landed In the right thigh , about half way
to the knee. "
Another case , which caused some discus
sion among the surgeons , was that of a man
shot through the breast on the left side , the
bullet entering about a. quarter of an Inch
below the nipple , and passing out at the
back , shattering the shoulder blade. The
point of exit showed that the bullet took an
upwaid co.urse , " which made It certain that
It pased very close to the point of the
heart ; Indeed , It Is an open question whether
It did not actually pass through the heart.
The doctors are agreed that It passed
through the pericardium , or covering of tb
heart , and Major George H. Torney , toe
urgcon tn command of the Relief , Is In
clined to believe that the heart Itself was
penetrated.
"It Is conceivable " he "
, said , "that a man
may live aa this one did. even though a
bullet has gone through his heart. We must
suppose that the bullet struck the heart
Just as It was drawn hard together In IU
closest contraction. It Is very likely that
If the same bullet had come when tlio heart
was oil the other beat , and therefore dis
tended and softer. It would have been so
badly torn that death would have ensued. "
Dr. Gray explained that most of the opera
tions were performed at night , as the days
were crowded full receiving the wounded.
"Even so , we were not rushed , " he said.
"On the average we had three or four opera
tions each night , sometimes as many as six.
You see , the emergency work was done on
the field before wo received the wounded.
We had plenty of time to work carefully. "
"Did you use ether ? "
"No ; chloroform , It Is better on ship
board , as It Is not so inflammable , and takes
up less space. We bad no deaths from tba
anaesthetic. "
"Did you have to operate In bad
weather ? "
"No , wo were fortunate In having a
smooth sea ; It would be Impossible to oper
ate In a storm ; the patients would have
to wait. "
I'lneo of Women Tinmen.
"How many nurses had you on board ? "
"About thirty ten men and twenty
women. We shall have a larger proportion
of women nurses on the next cruise. " It
teemed to be the general opinion among the
doctors that the wounded can get no care
like that which women give. But the doc
tors are equally positive In declaring
women out of place on the field of battle.
T "They can't stand the horror * of It. " said
TA Major Torney ; "they are too aenaltlve. "
One of the surprise * of this war to the
/
-/A
:
surgeons has been the failure of the .Mauser
bullet to do such work of bone shattering
and general destruction as had been
prophesied for It. The result of many ex
periments made before the war had been to
satisfy experts that this small bullet with Its
velocity would do more damage to the
human body than bad e\er been done by any
other bullet. Mauaer bullets had been fired
Into bag * of tand cd cam of water and I'
cndam * with mob ft iplAthtng nnd plowing ]
and splintering f to cause them tn bo looked
upon a * moit formidable engine ! ) of carnnc ; * . :
And yet In real warfare , when practically
tested upon the bodies of our men , these '
bulled have by no means shown the
.Iclousncj * cxpectrd of them.
Mnmrr Mullet * Don't .Mnnale.
"You know they told us , " said Dr. Gray ,
"that the Mauser bullets nould nuke a
small hole where they entered the body , but
would come out through a hole big enough
to put your fist In. Well , nothing of the
sort ha happened In cases under our
observation. On the contrary , the hole of
exit has often been quite as email as the
hole of entry. Take that case I mentioned
of the man shot , through from side to side ,
there was no difference In the size of the
two holes , and both were very small.
"Then they told us , and seemed to prove
It by experiment , that the Impact of a
Mauaer bullet if alt it larg bone * or tgilntt
the skull would CAiifo * frightful ipllcter-
ln of the bone or cranium. I remember a
case where a doctor , for lake of experi
ment , fired Mauser bullet * Into a human leg
only a few minutes after Its amputation ,
and the bullets did certainly shatter the
bone * in a most alarming way. But In
practice , under Spanish fire , the Mauser
bullets have shown less shattering power
than our own Krae-Jorgcnsen bullets.
Mauser bullets fired Into the skulls of
the IMIaf appear to i.rcve that lhr danger
Indilcnt to gunshot wounds In th chest
mule by small projectiles ronMjts In com
plicating Injuries. InvoUing the heart anil
large blood vciscls. and that tn the absence
of such Injuries the procrcts Is favorable
"Another conviction that has been
strengthened In mo by our recent experience
In Cuba Is that not Infrequently cases of
penetrating gunshot wounds In the abdomen
wilt recover without active surgical
Interference. For years I have maintained ,
at the result of clinical experience and ex
periments on the cadaver , that a bullet may
pass through the abdomen on a level with
and above the umbilicus without producing
visceral Injuries demanding active operation.
On the other hand. If a bullet traverses the
small Intestine area , It Is probable that
from one to fourteen perforations will be
found. In this case death Is almost certain
to ensue , and did ensue In every such In
stance In our Cuban experience , despite
urglctl operations. "
CLEVELAND MOFFnTT.
OCR XATIU-iAL A.NTHEM.
"The Star Spanieled Banner" Verimi
'Amcrlm. "
It Is quite Irue , writes Rafford Pyke In the
New York Commercial , that the music of
"The Star Spangled Banner" was taken
from the old English song called "Anacrcon
In Heaven , " but this Is of no consequence
SKIAGRAPH TAKEN ABOARD THE "REUEK. " SHOWING THE COURSE OP A
BCLLET FINALLY LODGING IN THE ARM.
cadavers splintered them Into fragments ,
but Mnuser bullets fired Into the skulls of
live Americans In many cases made only
two clean holes. "
"And did the men live , shot through the
brain ? "
"In one or two cases they did , but most
of them died from the poisoning of foreign
matter brought Into the brain with the
bullets. A3 far ns the bone-shattering
went , they might have recovered. "
"Have you any theory , doctor , to account
for this difference Between what Mas expected -
pected of the Mauser bullets and what was
actually done by them ? "
"I can only suggest that the trouble may
have been with defective ammunition used
by the Spaniards. Perhaps the bullets were
not really driven against us as hard as Is
supposed. You see , Mauaer bullets are
counted upon to kill at 3,500 yards and moat
of our men were wounded at distances
varying between 500 and 1,000 yards Very
few were wounded under 00 yards , for the
simple reason that when we got as close
as that the Spaniards ran. It Is rather
odd , but true , that Spaniards wounded under
the same conditions as our men usually
whatever. The Important thing to consider
Is whether a national air Is unl\ersally un
derstood and accepted as being such. If It
Is , then Its origin need not concern any one.
This Is the chief ground for objecting to our
use of the music which we sing to "Amer
ica. " When It Is played In a mixed assem
bly , no one Is every quite sure whether
It is Inteded for "America" or for "God
Save the Queen , " of for the Prussian na
tional air , or for the Danish national air ,
or for what ; since It Is used by several
1 countries , and Is , therefore , extremely conj -
j fusing. On the other band , when "The
Star Spangled Banner" Is played anywhere
I In the civilized world , no human being
ever takes It for anything other than "The
i Star Spangled Banner , " while not one person -
' son ! n a million has ever heard of "Ana-
crcon In Heaven. "
I
i Micro are just three possible selections
'
for anyone to consider In determining wlut
[ ought to bo the national anthem of i e
United States. In the first place , there Is
I "Yankee Doodle , " which , as tradition tells
us , was picked out by the American com
missioners who signed the treaty of Qhcnt
In 1S15. These gentlemen ordered It to be
LOCATING BULLETS BY X-RAYS ON BOARD THE "RELIEF. " FROM PHOTOGRAPH.
show worse wounds. This I * one of the
puzzles of the war that experts will have
to work out. "
Effect of Uullctn.
Lieutenant Colonel Senn , chief of the
operating staff with the army In the flelJ ,
has been with the Relief , and sails with her
again. Dr. Senn explains the fact that so
arge a proportion of bullets as 10 per cent re
mained In the bodies of the wounded on the
usumptlon that many of these bullets , be
fore strlklne the bodies in which they
lodged , had been impeded or deflected In
their course by stones , brush , underbrush ,
etc. , In the field. This would seem to be
Indicated by the bent or flattened condition
of many bullets found Imbedded In soft tis-
tues. Dr. Senn sees no reason to doubt
| that the modern elongated bullet will be-
coma encysted In the body as readily , per
haps more so , than the old-fashioned leaden
bullet. All patients treated by him for gun
shot wounds In the spine , where the spinal
cord was seriously damaged , have died or
will die In the near future. As to chest
wounds , be found an astonishing number
where the sufferers lived long enough to
rech a hospital or the coast , and , what is
still more surprising , he says that , barring
fpvere hemorrhage , the patient's symptoms
were mild , some of them being confined to
bed for only a few days. All of these chest
wound cases were treated on the expectant
plan that Is by dressing the external wound i
or wounds , in no instance was the pleural
cavity opened for the purpose of arresting
the hemorrhage.
"It Is well known , " said Dr. Senn , "that
during the war of the rebellion men bad a
better chance for life when a bullet passed
through the chest than when the chest was
opened and the ball remained. The same
remains true now , although not to the same
extent , as the imall caliber bullet Is less
likely to carry with it Into the cheat clothIng -
Ing or other Infectious material.
"No further doubt remains In regard to
the difference In the mortality from gunshot
wound * Inflicted with large and email
I'caliber ' bullets. Tba cases treated on board
played by the bands which were chosen to
render the British and American national
airs at the celebration of the end of the
war of 1S12. The music of "Yankee
Doodle , " although English In origin , Is In
fact characteristically American , for It land
brisk , dashing , rollicking. Inspirited and
full of devil-may-care recklessness. Yet
It Is , In the first place , not quite serious
enough In Us characters , and , In the second
place , there are no words to go with It
which anyone would be willing to sing on
on occasion of any dignity whatever. So i Ian
think that "Yankee Doodle" Is ruled out.
"Hall Columbia" Is thoroughly American
alike In its music. Its words and Its his
tory , yet unfortunately no one knows the
I words , no one ever sings It and no one can
! ' ever be got to sing It. It Is indeed , properly -
erly speaking , a march and not a song , and
It was originally so written. Therefore , It
also is practically unavailable.
"The Star Spangled Banner , " however. Is
open to none of these preceding objections.
Its music Is martial , dignified and stirring ;
Its words are wholly admirable and they
embody our American devotion to the flag
which is to everyone the symbol of all that
Is dear to us and of all that we are proud >
|
j of In our country. In Its history and In User
great achievements. Moreover , It Is univer
sally sung and will continue to be sung.
The only objection to It Is to Lo found In
Its musical range , which Is rather too great ,
to be readily managed by the average per
son. Its lowest note being rather too low
and Its highest note rather too high for the
compazs of the untrained voice. Neverthe
less , It is the one song which our country
has produced that appeals to every Ameri
can with equal power and that Is In every
way fitted to rank with any of the national
anthems of the earth ; and so I think that
the choice of It which now appears to have
been finally made by an instinctive opular
decision Is a very judicious , discriminating
and permanent selection .
American champagnes are fait driving out
tbo Imported article. At thv head of tfc
lUt I * Cook's Imperial.
FERTILITY OF THE ARID WEST
A Region of Snrpassing Productiveness
When Properly Irrigated.
WHY NOT TRY ANNEXATION THERE ?
Wlmt fnrle Sntti Might Do with nil
Oun hjr Aileitnnte I.m-i nurt l"n-
cou rnitftnr nt Int rm linn
1'rolilemn nt Home ,
Now that annexations of territory are
under consideration , and the utility of
various tropical Islands a matter of current
discussion , writes 1'rof. r. It. Newell of the
geological survey In the Independent , It
ihould not bo forgotten that the United
States government already pos ese a
princely domain which , for all practical
purposes , Is still as legitimate a subject for
annexation as any new country in the worlrt.
One-third of the area of the United States Is
owned by the general government , or about
two-thirds of the territory between the 100th
meridian and the Pacific coast. The greater
part of this Immense area Is , In Its natural
condition , worthless for agricultural pur
poses , and hence does not furnish homes
for our Krowlng population. And yet this
land Is the most fertile In the world , and
water , the only thins which It lacks , can be
supplied. The farm lands of the east , and of
the humid regions of the world generally ,
besides being more or less exhausted by
constant cultivation , have for ages been
washed by copious rainfalls. In the west ,
where freshets have not robbed the soil of
Its mineral salts , fertility has for centuries
been accumulating , i\lth the result that to
day , under proper Irrigation , four acres of
land , producing from three to five crops a
year , can be made to support a family , while
In the other farm lands of the world 100
acres Is often Insufficient. A small piece of
our arid land , devoted to semi-tropical fruits ,
garden vegetables and forage plants , under
irrigation produced wonderful results.
IVufllhlllt- Irrigation.
In nearly all of the arid region Irrigation
Is not only feasible , but has been proved
successful. It Is not always financially
profitable to the private corporation looklnc
for S per cent dividends , but in the same
sense that a lighthouse , the dredging of a
harbor or the Improvement of a river Is
profitable. It would pay the community or
the general government to open this great
area for agricultural use and so make It the
comfortable home of millions of prosperous
people. Irrlgatoin is one of the simplest
processes In the world and Its fundamental
methods have changed little since the time
of the Pharaohs. It Is simply the storage
and gradual use throughout the year of the
floods whlcli come at a particular season ,
usually In May nnd Juno , and go to waste.
Artesian wells are In soaic Instances suc
cessfully employed , but the main reliance
In the west will probably continue to be the
surface water. Although the sjstera Itself
is so old , modern science knows cocipara-
thely little of the relation of water to the
development of vegetable life or why we
apply water to the Boll. H Is known , for
Instance , that water may be so supplied to
potatoes as to make them small In size and
many In a hill , or by a different application
of water they may be made few and large.
Water given In quantity to grain at a cer
tain stage will make the crop run to straw.
Similar observations In the case of fruit
trees are equally familiar , but the whole
subject rests upon individual experiences
rather than scientific certainty. An ac
curate knowledge of water effects will form
the basis of theMntelllgent practice of Irri
gation. Already the agricultural stations 1
the west are making , experiments In this
line , under the direction of Dr. A. C. True ,
and from them important results may flow.
Our land laws are not the most favorable
to the development of Irrigation. The plot
ting Is now done on the rectangular system ,
which Is adapted to humid country , where
one quarter section is as well watered ns
another. But where the rivers ore few It
may happen that one quarter section will
embrace all the water obtainable for
1,000 sections. The man who then
get control of the water-hold
Is master of the situation , and
those who come after him get nothing , be
cause water In the arid regions Is the
foundation of value , and without It land Is
worthless. To avoid this result our public
land should be divided In reference to Its
water rights , nnd thua give every settler
a chance at Its reclamation.
Developing th Went.
In the early da > s of the republic , when
times were hard , the men who felt crowded
In the cast , or who preferred the larger ven
ture of pioneer life , packed up their goods In
a four-horse wagon and started "out west , '
to the Ohio reserve or to Indiana ; but these
conditions ha > e wholly changed. Although
there Is plenty of public land left , moat of It
Is useless until , by the united effort of a
largo number of Individuals , or of the gov
ernment , a water supply is provided. The
Mormons went out to Salt Lake , and by
commmunlty effort have accomplished won
ders ; but even opportunities of that klnc
rarely exist. The sources of water suppb
now are the great rl\crs , which can be dl
verted only by the expenditure of hundreds
of thousands , and often millions of doltars
Such outlays would be well repaid , bow
ever , If undertaken by the government in
a systematic fashion , when the soclologlca
results and Industrial advantages are fully
estimated. Irrigated lands tend to produc
a splendid civilization. Where land Is si
fertile that little of It Is needed for one pal
of hands , a closely settled community o
email proprietors generally grows up. Pto
plo can live near enough together to havi
the advantages of good schools , churche :
and thoip wholesome associations whlcl
flow from community life , and , at the sam
time , bo free from the dcpressslng Influ
ences of the great city. What condition
could be more favorable ?
A Problem of the Prcucnt.
Irrigation Is beginning to receUe bom
share of the public attention that Is Its due
The Seventh congress , which will be hel
In Cheyenne In the autumn , promises to at
tract more Interest than any of Its predeces
sors. Go\ernor Mount of Indiana has sen
forth , In a recent letter , the bearing of th
subject upon the welfare of the nation 1
words which I cannot do better than t
quote. He writes.
"Two Important problems are before us
the unemployed and our arid lands ,
policy that would furnish to the Idle remu
ncratlve employment , and frultfulness to
our desert places , would prove a boon t
our country and a blessing to humanity ,
policy that would relieve the congested cltle
and supply their crowded Inmates wit
homes , that would develop manhood an
womanhood , furnishing employment , teach
, Ing habits of Industry and frugality , woul
be building for our nation's future on tb
solid rock. The country Is the nation'
hope. Rural life Is conducive to purity o
character. I think the blending of our Idea
the exaltation of agriculture , the appllca
tlon of science to farming , the encourage :
ment of migration to the country Instead of
to the city , the transforming of waste places :
Into smiling plenty , will do more for he.
nation's prosperity , development and happl-
ness than any suggestions offered to the
public. I do not know- that the people are
ready to co-operate to this end , but I do
btlleve true wisdom Invites to such meth ;
ods. "
The government has In southern Arizona
an Interesting Irrigation and Indian problem
combined. It appears that tbo Plmas , Marl-
copas and Pallajocs were agricultural In-
4Ucs , who bad supported themselves from
Ime Immemorial by Irrigating their lands |
by water taken from the Olla river
early times three luilinnR wrro of
sreat service to tht > whites
n protecting them agalntt the
Apache * , but as population Increased thuNn ,
whites began to tnke up the water of In *
Glla river , until they finally succeeded in '
getting control of It all , leaving the poor .
Indian literally high nnd dry. Ho can no I
onger keep up his farming , nnd , although I
.he government Is spending large sums on I
his 'duration , he Is left without substantial I
means of support. Some one has aptly said i
that the coming of the whites has changed
these Indians from n condition of self-
supporting savagery to that of dependence
on government rations and petty thieving
under civilization. The practical problem
Is to get back the water that used to flow
In that river. This can probably be nccom-
pllshed by building a. good-sized dam nt
a point above the reservation and there
holding the itrtam it flood. Congress has
appropriated 120,000 for an Invettlgatlon of
the question and preliminary examinations
have been made. U will probably cost
$2,000,000 to construct the dam. which would
have to be done by the government or some
community effort. But this Is something
which must be undertaken If we are ever
.
to utilize the beautiful lands of southern
Arizona.
STO > EWAI.I. JACKJ.OVS COfltlKH.
Womulrd SI ty-Se en Tlnirn nnil
Dpenrnteil liy lluC'aiir. .
Major Lamar Fontaine , who arrived In
the city yesterday morning , relates the New
Ha\en Register , Is probably one of the {
most Interesting veterans of the confed
eracy. He Is the only representative of
Camp Sam Cammack of koohoma county.
Mississippi , and during his stay In the
city will be the guest of Captain John Mill-
edge on Trinity avenue.
Major Fontaine has been a soldier nearly
all his life , and the story of his ad\enturcs
In all parts of the world sounds like fic
tion.
tion.Ho
Ho scr > ed in the Russian army during
the Crimean war , and at the siege of Pe-
bastopol was decorated by Czar Nicholas
with the Iron cross of honor for daring
bravery during the battle. At the time of
the memorable charge of the Light Brigade
at Balaklava Major Fontaine1 was sixteen
miles away , but could hear the guns and
see the smoke of that famous battle.
After leaving the Russian army he trav
eled about the world In company with an
uncle , but was living In the south at the
opening of the civil war. a&d enlisted as
a prhate In the Tenth Mississippi Illfles ,
but was later transferred to Company K ,
Eighteenth Mississippi regiment. While a
member of this regiment , In August , ISC1 ,
ho wrote the well knovn poem , "All Quiet
Along the Potomac , " which has since been
Idely copied all over the world.
He began his war work with the confed-
ratc army aa scout and courier for General
tonewall Jackson. He served In the same
apaclty with Generals Stuart and Johnson ,
nd briefly with General Lee. He took part
n twenty-seven pitched battles , fifty-seven
iitrmlahes and over 100 Individual
ilrmlshes in which blood was shed. Al-
lough he was but a privte In the ranks ,
e was at oao time Intrusted with a carte-
Ianch0 order on the treacury of the con-
edorate states. He was known In all the
ranches of the confederate service as the
est marksman with rifle or revolver In
Ithor army. He was wounded sixty-seven
tmes , and thirteen times his lungs were
lerced. Five times In the course of the
\ar he was reported as dead. On two occa-
ions he was able , with the aid of mirrors ,
o look Into apertures In his flesh and watch
he beating of his own heart.
Major Fontaine has kept a complete diary
or nearly forty years , and this In Itself Is
an unusually Interesting work , comprising
number of volumes and containing mUch
\aluable Information. He also has many
documents signed by prominent officers of
.ho confederate army bearing testimony to
his remarkable marksmanship.
"Yes , " eatd Major Fontaine last night , "It
would seem as thouch I had spent the most
of my life on the battlefield. My life has
) ecn rather eventful In a way , and I think
.hat I have had a few Interesting experl-
cnccs.
"These documents I have saved all through
the war , and while they may be Interesting
and valuable , I care for them only for the
sake of my children. It will be something
to leave them when I am gone , and I have
managed to preserve them In good condi
tion for the last thirty years. "
Major Fontaine Is a man of distinguished
appearance , and wears a complete uniform ,
which was made especially for him to be
worn at the reunion of veterans. He Is a
civil engineer by profession , and Is engaged
in business with his two sons at Lyon , Miss.
DEATHS KUOM HOAIKSICIOiKSS.
A Medical Vlevr of a Ilarc Form of
Two deaths from nostalgia , or homesick
ness , in the American army at Santiago
have been reported by General Shatter to
the War department. Both of these cases ,
remarkable to say , occurred In the same
regiment , the Second Massachusetts vol
unteers. We presume , says the Philadel
phia Medical Record , that the diagnosis In
these cases was carefully and accurately
made by the military surgeons , yet we
should like more light on this Interesting
aud important subject.
The dally reports chow that the troops
t SantUxo are suffering much from the
cllrn t and varlou * Infections , especially
typhoid , malarial and yellow fevers , end
thl * fact ihould remind u * that the pro
found psychoses are not Infrequently asso
ciated with or caused by some form of In
fection. Typhoid and malarial poisons es
pecially have been noted In this role and
so true Is this that In order to arrive at
a strictly scientific dlacnosls It would bo
well to bo sure whether any obscure form
of either of these diseases Is present In
such cases.
The fact that two cases occurred In the
same reclment points possibly also to the
Influence of Imitation or suggestion. In nil
the psychoses , especially hysteria and the
mild forms of Insanity , this factor Is now
well known to be sometimes active. We
need only recall the cases of folle com
munique that have been put on record.
In these initances a mental disease has
been known to be communicated from a
patient to another highly susceptible per
son. In one Instance three sisters were In
volved , the first having imposed her delu
sions upon the others. Epidemics of hys
teria are too well known to need more
than mention.
The fact , however , that the two cases
tn the army at Santiago were so rapidly
fatal can probably only be explained on
the theory that the patients were possibly
much reduced physically by exposure and
Infection. The mere separation from home
on what promised to be but a short mili
tary expedition hardly seems sufficient In
Itself to have caused such untoward re
sults. The case Is different with the poor
emlcrant , who feels that all the home ties
are hopelessly severed.
Nostalgia , or homesickness , 1s merely a
form of melancholia. As in all the Insanl-
eties , more than ono factor usually acts as
a cause hence the necessity for knowing
the heredity and antecedents of the patient.
. The enforced absence from home may
[ | simply act as an exciting cause ; there may
i , be far deeper-seated causes , such as grave
I I constitutional defects , that act as the real
| basis for the disease. This Is especially true
hin coats In which the reason U permanently
( lost or life Itself sacrificed. Some races , or
peoples , are supposed to be especially liable
to this disease ; the Inhabitants of raoun-
rl-jtatnoui countries , for instance , are said to
Insuffer onduly. Hence the Swiss are said
to furnish many examples. So also rustics
I arc more prone to uTcr ( th n the Inhabl-
In'tnt . of towns.
The otacmiiion of noitalgU among * ol *
Jurs U by no mtMni new or recent Itaron
, L.urry , the eminent military surgeon of tlu-
iNnpolconio wars , wrote on this sulijoot lit
his suTlral memoir * In our own coJntry
'obcrvatlons were made In the Into clUI war.
jCalhoun wrote on nostalgia a a dlteaie of
field ! servlco , and Peters noted this affection
as among the oUl.t of jouthful enlistments.
It 1 Is A remarkable fnct that the nomewh.tt
extensive literature of nostalgia 'U almost
i entirely French. Many monographs h.ne
been written In that language on the sub-
'jcct. ' The American , English nnd c\en Ger
man literature Is comparatively meager.
This will seem to bo a proof to como read
ers that the French ha\o more of the "tnal
du pays" than other nations have Just as '
they are said to have more of the other
psychoses. Hut to our mind It Is rather nn
Indication that they have greater literary
activity among the curiosities of medicine.
THAT I10H 'O.N ' KIMS.
Tin * Feminine Purl of It DrliiKPil vrlth
Letter * nnil Telenrnui * .
The kiss of tbo hero of Santiago has made
of Mlfs Arnold the arbiter of fashion ? , the
nlrector of the latest fads , reports the New
York Herald.
Dre3mukcrs are begging her permission
to name new garments In her honor
Milliners crave the privilege of calling
tlu'lr latest "shape" of hat by her name.
Shoe dealers want a new tnpering hctl
on n novelty In dancing slippers to be
Known as the Emma Arnold. A composer
Is at work upon the Hobson-Arnoltl waltz ,
i'octns have bsen Inspired by her. The
lobjon Kiss , c new barroom drink. Is a
ivnl of the famous gin rlckey , tribute to a
> ! lssouri congressman. A famous collie ,
rallied at JZ.uOO. is no longer known as
Golddust , but as Emma Arnold.
A New York dressmaker wrote nt length
f her having Just returned from Paris ,
ivhere the attempt to revive the severe gar
ment known ns the polouali > e had been n.
'allure. "But with > our help , dear Mlfs
Arnold , It can be made n go In New Ycrk
and my fortune and reputation will be cs-
: abllshed. I know from the pictures of jou
hat have appeared In the newspaper ? that
rou will look a dream In a polonaise Will
ou give mo your permission to name it the
Emma Arnold polonaise ? " Another modiste ,
casting about for a "catchy" title for n new
blouse , promised her a half dozen of her
(
best specimens of the garment If she would ) ,
"end them the luster of "the name now
'amous throughout America. " '
A New York milliner wants to christen a
high crowned Alpine looking hat the Vr- |
nold walking liat and promises her nn un-
11 imltcd number of thorn In return for the
11fa
fa . Letters nnd telegrams come to h r
It floods every day. They are requests for
ocks of her hair , Inquiries as to how she
ledi
dresses her hair , Information that dramas ( o
be known as "Tho Hobson Kiss" or "How
bitl
the- Hero of Santiago Distinguished Him
tlst
self" are being cast , petitions for her autograph
stg
graph : and proposals of marriage , cadets ami
naval officers send jocose or serious tele ,
grams and a king of silver mines asks her
to be the "sunshine of hU gray life. "
And the pretty heroine of the brief but
delightful episode is bewildered and tired
and wondering , but not at all regretful.
A KfinnrKnblr nencae.
Mrs. Michael Curtain , Plalofleld , 111. , makes
the statement that she caught cold , wtilch
settled on her lungs , she was treated for o
month by her family physician , but grew
worse. He told her she wae a hopeless vlj-
tlm of consumption and tint no medicine
could cure her Her drugslst euggwted Dr
King's I New Discovery for ConfiumptlMi , she
bougibt a , bottle and to her delight found her
self bent-fitted from first dose. She continued
Its 1 use and after tak.ng six bottlea found i
herself 1 sound and well , new docs bcr onu
housework 1 and Is as well as she ever wns i
Free j trial bottlee of tht < * Grpat Dlrcovery at ; i
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0 !
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'jDRUFMSSSfflRUS ,
IS LIKE A GOOD TEMPER , "IT SHEDS A
BRIGHTNESS EVERYWHERE.
The Omaha Bee's *
5 ? if
Photogravures - of the Exposition - a
] Vo Exposition has excelled the Trans-Missis-
'slslppi In architectural splendor and artistic beauty yet before the
snow flies It will be only a memory , were It not for the aid of the photogra
pher's art. In all Its varied beat , y , thu splendor of the Grand court nnd the
fun of the Midway all the many scenes of the Exposition have been re
produced by
43 The Highest Product of the Photographgr's ' Art-Trie Photogravure
43
43 These * are from the work of Mr. F. A. Kinehart ,
the ofHcl.il photographer of the Kxposltlon and are more artistic and
beautiful than h ! photographs A photogravure Is a work of art which
anyone will bo glad to frame. They are lOtfxTH Inches and about 100 views In
all will published , so that no feature of the Exposition will be omitted.
t r * t\ . * > * "TivJ " wtiT. VITT-I
QJ5wLfc yvi ii ? sf > i *
43 ViCWS NOW Ilic Following > Tcws More Been Isiued.
43
1 Openlnv Day , June 1 , IhOS , H Grand Court , Looking houlh-
43 \ortlien t Corner of Court. ircit.
43 IV Got eminent nnlldliiir. f ) Fine Art * Ilnlldlna.
1O > 'clirn ) .
1 : tlnlii Entrance Agricultural .n nullUlDK.
43 11 Ornntl Court. Looking Hnnt.
1U bcutlon of I'lnertt Illdir.
43 5 fi-euf In Street * of All \u- i : : Criuul Court nt Mulif.
tlonn. 14 Mnlii nntrnnce Ilortlciiltnr-
43 O Crnnil Court , Looking : Wi-xl. nl 1'iillillnu.
7 HnKcubnuk'ii ou CulldrtMi'i IS Sernion Norlli Illilvray.
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* ? In ordering ; by mall ttnt which pl < t HI-FI ynn with , by the tltln or number ,
ami vncloip rent * rxtnt for mailing , 1'or thu full 16
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4 ? CUT
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Department , < Exposiiion Ptiotograyurs Coupon
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18 The Omaha P illy Ree , i Till * i onpniiituU 10 ont4 irlllobtuln thrc
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itWh Jtt'r'iii'iiiii a.
