- - - - . - - . - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - . . - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -P--- - _ - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - ---r----- . - - - - - - -p - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? L11iE : OMAhA DAILY B1E : S'tINIAY , AV(1-tST ( 1 1 , 1898. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ p iiiiiis OF TIlE TRIUIPll Itocovoring th Spanish War Bblpa Sunk Near Santiago. VIORKING WITH AIR BAGS AND DERRICKS t L1eT1tnnnt Ho1Njl 1'1nTii for Ing tJi Colon nit. ! flit Mitrie Tcrc'a -Some of the 1)1 IlIvitIei to lit , Oercotiic. 'That friendly hnnl of fAte which rovealcd to fllobmon(1 Pearson flobson , naval con- fitructor , U. S. N. . the rosul to undying i1ory by means of the Mortiniac , had tii1 nnother mcccl of fame in BLora for bim. rhiB young man , the personification of flaval okili and intelligence , ha pitted him- ielf against a board of older offlcer , who decided in their wthdom that the Cristobni Colon , late of Admiral Cervera's squadron , could not bo raised from Its bed on the shoals of the southern Cuban coast. \Vhen Mr. Ilobson , after a personal in- pection of the wrecked ships , tOil Ad- Iniral Sampson that , in his opinion , both the iolon and the Maria Teresa could ho Paved , ho was sent north at once to lay his vies before the anthorities at Washing- ton. lie talked so convincingly that it was hot many hours before he was in consultation - tion with a certain wrecking company , whoso oflices , in one of ( ho older buildings Ca Wall street , arc known to governments vail magnates of steamship lines and mu- 3lonairen whose whim is to sail the seas In floating palaces. In a corner of one of these omco rooms sits a quiet American citizen. From his desk go forth many invisible lines leading to al parts of the coast. At the nd of these lines are peculiar tugs and floats and giant cranes and a small army of inca to worl ( them. Ona of these linc led to an infortunnte battieship whose hones still lie n havana harbor. And another line is cvon now leading down to a stretch of beach on the south coast of Cuba , where six Spanish war vessels nro groveling and grinding and beating us If anxious to escape - cape from the vengeance of an outraged people. It is to save two of these craft that the wrecker has marshaled his forces at Constructor liobson's invitation. That the task will be dimeult Is well known to those who understand the ways of the weather .lurlng these hurricane nonths around Cuba , but liobson , by his intelligence and bravery , has earned the confldeneo of the government and ho is to lo given a free hand in the matter. There is another reason why the govern- ncnL Is anxious to float these ships-one out- ] iried In a remark made by a high ofliclal in the Navy department during the discussion of the question.Vo must not fail to fly old giory over at least one ot the ships of Crvcra's former fleet , even if it means double the cost of the vessel , " he said. "Tue dastardly attempt on the part of the Span- IHII crewS to cheat us out of them by open- In. ! tim F'fI vnive after ( lie white flair of aurrender flying , shall not succeed. " 1)1 llh..iIt ItM , , f t ii J'lMk. To those who are familiar with the sea and its ways , the task confronting the vrocking compnny In the case of the Cris- tobal Colon and Maria Teresa Is stupen- dotis. The latter lying on an even keel in shallow water , presents lower ditllculties , but the crack ship of Cervera's squadron , the fleet Colon , is situated about as badly as can be imagined , She lies on her beam ends on a sloping part of the Cuban coast , some forty-eight miles from Santiago. IP will be necessary to right her and then , supported by pontoons , to tow the hull to Santiago. Soundings already taken show that her position Is such that a sudden storm from the south would have a tendency to drive her further upon the beach , a contingency that vili render the work of wrecking her almost it not quito impossible. There are able men engaged on ( lie task , however- men ho have confronted such problems before-and at the present time at writing , the odds nrc even ( lint the Cristobal Colon -will sail under the American Ilag in duo course of time. The plaii formulated by Naval Constructor XTobson , anl heartily approved by the wreck- lag company holding the contract , calls for the use of pontoons of great lifting capacity and a tiumber of air nags. The latter are to be Place' ' ! empty altIiin the hull and then Inflated. The air bag liea is comparatively now , but the use of pontoons Is an old story , The outfit now at s'ork on the Spanish var- ahops includes a nunlvr ) of strongly built Tr1 CHAINS AND METhODS Ol FASTENING TO PONTOONS. pontoons , several powerful tugs and a large floating crane. The first duty to be attended to In a case like that of the Colon is to lighten her of everything movable.Vlien this is accoin- 3)iiSlWli the real Inbor begins. Thu pontooud are towed alongside and P1QCCl in position 'quaiiy divided on each side of the wreck. heavy chains must now be iassed under the hull and to do this it. is necessary to proceed - ceed first with what is technically known as a SWOCI ) chain or "messenger. " 'Ibis is a small chain which is Bavel through tlLo mud and debris at the lottoln to a point under tim keel , where the nnln lifting chains are passed from Pontoon to pontoon. A number of chains of increasing thickness - ness are ( lien drawn under , until the heavy chain which is to tb the work Is in Position. Chain after chain follows , until there are a sullicient iiumbcr to answer the iurposo , This prelImInary task l by no means easy , as the ntass's of debris 'hic1i naturally accumulate - cumulate under the hull retard progress , and often call for the services of several divers. The chains , wlieii finally In place , 2)aEs 1I ) through the pontoon wells to the Pontoon ( leeks , wliero there era certain toggles arranged for controlling them , These chains are inimonso affairs , anti the utmost care Is taken in their manufacture. Cases have oceurreti where defective links have been tue uwans of undoing in one nionicat the work of weeks , In rIghting vessels on their beam ends tlto 1rOCCSB known da parbuckling is generally used , The chains are passed ( rain the von- teens vertically downward anti completely under the side of the hull which touches the shoal. Thea they vasa tIlWflI tl , by the keel , are led over the opposIte sIde , anti are tl2tn attacbcd to some object on the wreck , such as the mast or auporatructure'hon the tide is out the slack on the chains is taken In , and ( ho ends are sacurely ( astaed to the itotli000L If everything works s'eli , it the chains safely stand the strain , if tlio s3ast or sUcrsrUetUro does not give way , then the rIo of ( ho tide vI1i cstuso tht hull to ho gradually lifted , until sh tands on on cvin keel , This much accomplished , preparotlons ste made to float the wreck , In the case of the Colon divers will be utilized to place the empty air bags in the lower decks , Each hag is supposed to ho capable of lifting thirteen tons. As the Spaniard was a heavy ship , a great number of these , In addition to the pontoons , will ho needed , The pine. lag of the bags is not a diflicult task as a rule , but duo attention must be paid to the tide on the Cuban coast , and to the tact that the spot is entirely open to the sea and the sweep of the southern winds. A better understanding of the work necessary - sary In raising the Colon can be obtained from a description of the wrecking of the Vella City , an English steamer of 2,000 tons , which was sent to the bottom of the North river by a collision wIth the American steamer Guyandotte. The same company is now working on the Spanish war ships raised the Wells City , anti the same system of pontoons was used. The three pairs of pontoons employed then had a. greater mis- lag capacity than the tonnage of the steamer. This was rendered necessary by STATE DEPAllTIENT hISTORY I Bn'efSkatch Prepared in Connection with th Exposition Exhibit , WHAT IT IS AND 110W IT OPERATES flrn.ltinl Development of the flepnrt- zitent trOlls SIUnIL Ueginntngs- l'rotnlient 1cts Contiecteit rttlL It-The iOes it lins Untlc. In connection with the instructive and comprehensive exhibit of the State depart- mcnt in the ttnited States building at. ( ho Transmississippl Exposition , in many respects the most valuable of all the ape- cml exhibits for students of American life , the department baa published a. vamphlet en the "Department of State of the United States , " telling bow it was formed , what are its duties and how it is run. No pretense - tense is made that this is a history of the c 7 . .4' , . , ' ' . : .i - , " -z "c , ( _ -4j : ' 'k' / , 'k'r thI1 ' IL ( WUrK I If # /Ih V II II\ \ \ \ IIl l\\- . $ q' Pr , - . ' , 5 - - T- , - r- RAISING THE COLON. the fact tliatthoro were eight feetof water over her deck , and a considerable amount of ( lebris and sedIment which had hccumulatod by the action of the river's current , LI ft I pig ' , , of I'ltOOIIN. Powerful chaIns of three Inch thIckness were used on the pontoons. When the chains were In place the pontoons were pumped ftill , titan , as the latter sank , the slack of the chains was hauled in and made fast. The moment the pumping out began the lifting power of the pontoons became apparent and ( lie buoyancy of the six pan- tootis slowly but surely overcome the wreck's weight. The first. attempt to raise the Wells City was a ( allure. As the vessel left the bat- torn her keel cut through one of the liftIng chains , causing t' others to part like the snapping of threads. All the tedious operation of replacing the chains followed , and it was some time before the hull was finally ( Iragged from the bottom. The first lift was only five feet. Then a powerful tug took the pontoons and wreck in tow and hauled them to shallow water. Here ( lie raising details were repeated , the hull was dragged nearer shore , and in tinie a spot was gained where it was easy to build tl0 necessary cofferdam , patch up the leaks and pump her out. In 18S4 ( lie wrecking company now engaged - gaged on the Spanish vessels raised the U , S. S. Taliapoosa , sunk by a coal schooner in Long island sound. Pontoons were used and in a remnrkably short space of time the old wooden gunboat was lifted , pumped free from sand and water antI sent under her owli steam to the Brooklyn navy yard. In ( ho history of wrecking there have been few cases where a war ship was the subject of attention , The battleship Howe , which was stranded on a reef in the Med- Iterrancan , several years ago , was successfully - fully raised only after the display of won- derlul skill on ( lie part of an English corn- pany. Long anti varied experience have re- tluced the wrecking of vessels to an exact science , but it is not often that fate and tIle eigeiieien of war otter such an excellent - lent opportunity for the c. ercise of skill antI practical work as will be found in the case of the Cristobal Colon of Admiral Cer- vera's Ill-fated fleet. It it sliotilti come to pass that the stars and stripes shall finally Iloat over her ileck It will surely be a tn- untlt to Naval Constructor liobson anti the American system of wrecking war ships. 'I'll E Old ) 'I'IMHItS. Captain flicharti Lawton of Baltimore , \vlto has just ceiebrateti his 93d birthday , la said to be the oldest member of the Order of Odd Fellows in the world. The venerable flicliarti W , Thompson of lndiana felt himself unable , on account of advancing age-ho is 89 years old-to at- t.ntl ( lie recent republican state conven- ( ion. ion.John John Adriance , 'lio played an important part in Texas' early history , is lIving quietly at the age of O in a znotlest home. at the old town of Columbus , which was the first capital - ital of the state. Peter Murray died at W'ichita , ICan. , at the age of Si years. lie had fourteen dill- tlren , sixty grandchildren , thirty-five great. grandchildren and two great.great.grand. children. Eleven of lila children , five soiis with their wives , anti six daughters with their husbands , attended the funeral. Otto itibbeck , who died in Leipsie recently - cently , was one of the most notetl of classical - sical philologists. lie had been professor of the University of Leipsie for twenty-one years , having previously occupied positions at the universities of Bcrno , Basic , Kid tud Heidelberg. lie was 71 years old at his death. It Is said that Alexander Ferguson , vlio lIves iiear Anderson , Intl. , is 107 years old antI that his sister , who resides some fifteen niiles away , is just reaching her 111th year. The sister is confined to her home by illness and they have not seen ncii other for ten years. They are of Irish veasant stock , Mrs. Mary Casey of Washington , N , J. , is 108 years old , but the other day she went to New York to draw sorno money frurn a t hank where it had been on deposit for over : thirty y3ara , She would not allow ( lie ' money to ho transferred to a Washington bank by the New York cashier , but decided to bring the actual cash herself. , Abner C , ( icodel , ageti 03 , of Salem , Mass. , is the oldest living inventor in the Uaileil States. lie vcmfectcti the design of the first printing press which printed on both sides of a vaier at once , and lie else discovered the process ton preparing steel and copper plates for engravers , Later ho helped build , jiie first locomotive for the lioston & Low- elI railway. lie worketi on the first electric motor ever constructeti , which afterwartl ran between ilaitirnore anti W'ashington , anti on the first engine lathe tom the mail. road repair flopg department including Its achievements and triumphs. for such a history would have to be almost a complete history of the foreign relations of the United States since the formation of the government and for some years preceding , but the pamphlet does give an attractive outline of the tie- veioprneat of the department anti shows the various steps by which the department has reached its present commanding place in ( lie nation and among all nations. A large number of the men who have been distinguIshed In American public life have been connected with the Department of State , among them heing Livingston , Jay , Monroe , Madison , Adams , Clay , Jefferson , Calhoun , Cass , Webster , Everett , Seward , Black , Washburn and maine. The list of secrctnrlcs of state comprises a larger nurn- her of those who have been really eminent because of their commanding leadership than the list of presidents. The record of (110 department goes back to the very beginning - ginning of the nation , for the very first thing done looking toward separation of the colonies from Great Britain was to form a committee of agents to consider the foreign relations of the colonies. Indeed , this corn- rnitteo was formed while yet there was lit- tie thought among the colonists that resort would have to be had to force to secure the justice demanded in the loyal address formulated - lated by the First continental congress in 1774. The Second continental congress provided for a "Committee of secret correspondence - spondence , " with Benjamin Franklin at the head and Benjamin Harrison of Virginia , John Dickinson of Pennsylvania , Thomas Johnson of Maryland and John Jay of Now York as members , and this coinmitteo was in reality a committee on foreign affairs. This committee opened the negotiations which ended in the alliance with France. The name of thIs omrnittee was subsequently - sequently changed to that of Committee for Foreign Affairs , but cOngress managed foreign affairii directly. The first secretary at the committee , who got the magnificent salary of $70 a month , was dismiBsed because - cause lie made an ofilcini matter public. The chief function of the committee was to furnish the agents of the government abroad with accounts of the progress of events in menica , but beyond that it simply executed thio orders of congress and had little real power over foreign affairs. The committee finally became almost extinct from inaction , "There is really , " wrote Lovell , the one member who remaiaeti continuously upon it , to Arthur Leo in August , 1779 , "no such thing as a committee of foreign affairs exist- ing-no secretary or clerk further thaii I persevere to be ono or the other , The books anti the papers of thnt extinguished body lay yet on the table of congress , or rather arc locked up in the secretary's private box. " : unituiig it lIeIxiniic , A plan ( or the Department of Foreign At- fairs was submitted to congress two years later , the opening paragraph stating that " ( Ito extent and rising power of these United States entitles them to a place among the great potentates of Europe , while our po- hitical anti commercial interests point out the propriety of cultivating with them a friendly correspondence nntl connection. " In August of that year the department was organlzetl anti Robert It , Livingston of New York was elected as ( lie secretary. Livingston - ingston was an able man anti although lila department. was not allowed to take any independent action , its services were highly important. Under his direction the business - ness with the American agents and minis- tens in foreign countries was done well. S'hmen Livingston retired , in 1783 , he left time tieiiartnment in the hands of Lewis It , Morris , time under secretary , but ho was without authority and the matter vaa placed in ( Ito hands at Henry Romsen , jr. But the department virtually ceased to exist for a time. It will be seen from this brief summary of the opening paragraphs of this history of the Department of State that there is much of general interest connected with the tie- partment , even in its earliest years , Time department had a great deal to do with making history , The story goes on in a direct way , The next home of prominence conmmected with the department is that of John Jay , who mc- turned home from France in 1784 , after negotiating the treaty of peace with arcat Britain. lie had been elected secretary of foreign affairs before he arrived , and he entered upon the duties of the position in September , lIe complained of the unsatisfactory - factory conditions surrounding his 0111cc , but a committee of congress reported that the business of the depaniment was properly conducted and tlu secretary was entitled to redut for time ucatucas , method and yen- 1 splcneity throughout ( ho tlepaPtmeflL Jfly was secretary when the new constittitlea went into effct , Jcsel.pitigr the leinrtp.icnt- The new deportment was not formed oft hand by the new government , but the idea was developed gradually. The government started oft without any secretaries or any cabinet , Washington anti Adams being the whole thing , but Juno 2 , 17S9 , a bill was introduced - troduced into congress providing for the formation of a department for foreign at- fairs , The first dCbato on time bill was over the question of the removals by the president - dent , and as amended became a law In July. This sas "An act for establishing an executive dpartnmcnt to be denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs , " John Jay , who had continued in charge of the papers anti correspondence of the old department , was appointed formally , but the department in ( lint form had a brief existence. A bill was i1roduced in tIme house to torni a home department , anti before the Department of Foreign Affairs was fairly organized another bill was Introduced to provide for "the safe keeping of the nets , records and great seal of the United States ; for tIme publication , preservation anti nutbeatlention of the acts of congress , etc. , " and this latter bill pro- viiiecl that the Department of Foreign At- fairs should be known as the Department of State , and it greatly increased its im- portance. The governors of the states had been informed , July . of the formation of time Department of Foreign Affairs , and Sep- teniber 21 they were informed of its expan- sian into the Department of State. A few day5 later Jay wns nominated to be chief utiec anti Thomas Jefferson to be the first secretary of state. Jay continued in the ofilce for some time anti Jeltersomi did not finally accept the office until the next Feb- ruary. As aecretary of state Jefferson had a salary of $3O0 a year , lila chief clerk got see and the other clerks $ OO a year or less. Roger Alden was the first chief clerk. From the beginning tIme Department of State was more closely connected with the president than any other executive department. Washington not only referred to it all official icttcrs bearing upon its busIness , but made it the repository of ( lie drafts of most of his letters. The department was the medium of correspondence between the president antI ( lie foreign governments and also ( lie state governments. At one time the department had charge of the patent business amid time first patent issued bore the signature of Washington , Jefferson anti Randolph. The department was made the repository for copyrighted articles , but it appears not to have had time power to grant copyrights. Time department superintended the census work until the Initerior depart- meat was formed , and the territories were governed by time department also. Time pardon busimmess was In the department ho- fore it was put in charge of the attorney general. inehiIiiery of ( lie 1)eipnrtiiieitt. The salary of ( lie secretary of state was raised in 17119 to 5,000 , in 1819 to $6,000 , in 1S53 to $ S,000 and in 1873 to $10,000 , but reduced to $8,000 a year later. At first time duet clerk assumed charge in the absence of ( ho secretary , but in 1833 an assistant secretary of state was provided by law and since ( lien provision has been made for two other assistants. From time to ( line clerks were added to tIme tlepartinent mind chiefs of divisions designated , Secretary Forsyth in 1834 designated ( lie duties of the clerks. The clmicf clerk was to exercise inmmediate superintendence oven thrn several bureaus and report to time secretary all acts of negligence or misconduct. Correspondence with ( lie American ministers abroad was to conic through ( lie diplomatic bureau anti hero all treaties wore to be framed , TIme consular bureau had charge of thmo consular correspondence , Time home bureau was divided 10(0 four sections , one having control of tim returns of nasseneers from foreien portsantl misceilnimonus nail doniemitlo Con- respondence , another hmavlmmg custody of time seals of tIme tlepartenent 811(1 ( lie United States , a third having charge of presi- ilentini imardoims nhid passports mind time other filing and preserving copyrights and reports , Then there was a keeper of the archives , a translator nnd librarian , a die- Inirsing agent anti clerks in the patemit omco , Daniel Webster originated time "statistical oiflce" when he was secretary , and this later became time Bureau of Statistics , and under Secretary Sherman Bureau of Foreign Conm- iiicrce , The ( liploinatic aimd coimsimlar lmureatma have continued substantially unclmangetl , though for a time they were each divitied into two parts , The secretary of state becamno at time be. giimnlng the custodian of ( lie seal of the Baited States , anti timims it becomes neces- amity in all cases where aim attest of the signature - nature of the presitlent. is necessary - sary for the secretary of state to talco action. Time device for the beth was adopted in 1782 , and a descriptiomi of it in tIme laimguage of heraldry contains no hint as to what it looks like. The seal is affixed to practically all papers that pass through ( ho hands of the hmreaidenL The recording of coiminmisslons is done now as it was in 1789 , tIme commimnission being made out in lImo department , nod after it has received - ceived the sigimaturo of time president it is returmmed to the department amid time scene- ( amy aflixes his sigimature and the seal , As this zeal immust be aiflxetl to requisitions for criminals , ( lint mnatter is under time control of time federal government. Jim former years state governmneimts issued requisitions on foreign governnments and delivered up fugl- lives , but imow this is always done by time general govcrament , except in ( lie case of dealing with Mexicowhen atategovemnments have power to act immdepondm.'ntiy of the fetl- eral government , The business of the Department of State is largely taken up with the diplomatic anti consular service , The rules nail practice governing the service grow tip gradually n * now occasions showed what ought to ho done , Time papers of the department wemo pub1ihetl from time to tinme , and in these Wore found precedents for all action. In 1S7 , under the supervision of Assistant See- rctary Cauiwalnder , time department issued a small volume containing a "Digest of the I'ubhiahcd Opinions of tIme Attorney General and of time Leading Decisions of the Federal Courts with Reference to International Law , Treaties and Hindred Subjects. " The mono Important and comprehensive work by Fran- cia Wharton on the same subject was pub' lisheti in 1SSG , anti the department is imavimmg prepared by Prof. John II. Moore a new cdl- Lion of this work. Other publications of ( lie department give full information as to the American practice in dealing with foreign countries. In time custody of the Bureau of Rolls and Library sire deposited among other impor- ( ant papers the Declaration of Independence , tlmo Articles of Confederation , and the Constitution - stitution of the United States , A fac-simile of tIme Declaration of Independence was made in 1824. These fac-similes are now quite comnmon , but the original copy is almost too much faded to be read. The passport business of the department is also a large one. LCUtIOit of time 1)cpnrtmnenl. Time foreign affairs of time United States were properly conducted at first. by time Con- ( incubi congresses , anti the first of these met 1mm Carpenter's hall , in Philadelphia , so that it was there that ( ho Departnmont of State had its origin. Time congresses occupied the lower floor of tIme building and ( ho corn- mnlttecs were in smaller rooms on time second floor. Then the govenmmtnent moved over to Independence hall. As soon as ( ho Depart. macnt of Foreign Affairs was organized by Livingston it took possession of a small house in Philadelphia at 13 South Sixth street. Livingston had his oflico in time front room of ( ho second floor and his lcrks were given desks in rooms immediately back of his room. When tlmo government was carted over to Now York in 1TSI time Dc. partment. of Foreign Affairs found quarters In time famous Fraunce's tavern , in the long roomn ot vlilch Washington had taken farewell - well of time generals of the revolution at the close of the war. hero it. remained until 1788 , when it moved to time west side of Broadway in a house owned by Philip Livingston - ingston , near the Battery. Later it. was moved to another lmouso on the sanmo street on the opposite side. Time capital having been again located at Philadelphia , the departmemmt took up its abode first on Market , then on the southeast - east corner of Arch aimd Sixth streets , then in North alley , anti flumally at the north- cast corner of Fifth amid Chestnut streets , where it remained ummtii it was moved to Wasliingtomm , except for an iimterval of three months , from August to November , 1789 , when it occupied the state house at. Trenton , N. J. , the omco being moved front Philadelphia on account of an. epidemic of yellow fever. On Juno 1 , 1SOO , thb archives were lodged in time treasury , the only building sufficiently completed to receive them , amid , August 27 , were placed in one of the "six buildIngs" on Pennsylvania avenue. In May , 1SO1 , the offices w'ero placed in the war office on Seventeeimth street , then later while repairs being made the offices were in a build- lag on G street , and in 1820 they were removed - moved to tile corner of Pennsylvania avenue amid. Fiftieth street. In 1866 the department leased the premises belonging to the Washington - ington Orphan asylum , amid in 1S75 the department - partment moved late its present quarters in ( lie south wing of tim War , State and Navy building. ' , Voric of tue Ieiartiiieimt , The rcsults of the operation of this machinery - chinery of the most immmportant of the executive departments are a part of national - tional history , 'l'ime mission of tlmo do- partinetmt is one of peace. Its diplomatic agents uphold time honor amid dignity of time nation in the family of nattons by peaceful means. Its comisular oiflcers are the agents of trade and commerce , which prosper most in times of veaco. Back of the peaceful objects of the government managed by the Department of State lies the vower of enforcing - forcing their acceptance upon foreign powers through other departments of the govern- ment. It was under time old Department of Foreign Affirs that ( ho treaty of peace vitli Great Britain was negotiated in 1783 anti the United States became a free and Independent state. With Thomas Jefferson as president , James Madison as secretary of state and Robert L. Livingston and James Monroe as their agents in Paris , the territory - ritory of Louisiana was bought. in 1803. It was through this tie- partnient that John Qulncy Adams as secretary of state announced time now famous Monroe doctrine. 'l'ho treaty of Guadaloupo Ilidalgo was negotiated in 1848 , and in 1871 Ilanmilton Flail negotIated time treaty of Washington and tIme settlement of claims growing out of the fitting out of confederate cruisers in Great Britain were settled. But nearly all important public matters relating to time foreign policy of the United States have come through the do- partment. The general history of time department in this pamphlet was written by Gahilard Hunt. Under the head of "how it Is Run" the different htmreaus are described. Time chief clerk's office is described by William H. Michael , the Bureau of Appointments by Robert Brent Masher , time Diplomatic bureau by Sydney Y , Smith , time Consular bureau by It , S. Chilton , jr. , the Bureau of Indexes and Archives by Pendloton ICing , the Bureau of Accounts by Frank A. Branagan , time Bureau of Rolls awl Library by Andrew Ilimasey Alien , and the Ilureau of Foreign Commerce by Frederick Emory , Each of thieso persons Is chief of the bureamms indicated , Others connected whim the tie. partnment. are William It , 1)ay of Ohio , eec- rotary ; John B. Zmlooro of Now York , as- aistamit secretary ; Alvey A. Adee of New York , seconti assistant secretary ; Thomas \v. Cridier ofVest Virginia , third assistant secretary ; William 14 , Pommfleiti of Indiana , solicitor , anti Henry L. Thmomnas of New York , translator. The exhibit of thmo department - partment at time exposition is untler time direction of Chief Cleric Michael and John M. Biticlie , chief special agent , 013'I' OF 'I'IIJi tIIilX4tmtY _ No person in Norway may spend more tlmamm tlireepence at one visit to a public house , It is said timat about 60,000 servant girls go from time German proviimccs to Berlin every year , Ilay is so plentiful this year in somoparts of western Connecticut that it is offered for sale at $1 a ton , Australia's best u'eapon in reducing time rabbit plague is cold storage. fly its aid 6,000,000 rabbits have been seat to the Lon- ( lou markets ( lila season nnd found a ready sale. In Paris can be seen IL fire ongijme pro- pelleci by cycling firemen. Tue mnachiiime has time nimpearanco of two tandeimm bicycles oc- cupled by a single steering post. Time puimmp- log power is applied through time pedals , A Bangor , Me. , poodle dog goes half a milo every morning in all weathers and fetches ( Ito morning paper , brought aloimg to time crossroads by an electric car. Time poodle line time time table down to a dot anti never misses close connection with time car. car.Mr. Mr. J. A. lienie , mmmi Exmghisim statistician , has calculated ( hint it vould require a 10,000- horse power englimo about seventy billion years to lilt. time earth ( 'no foot. In height anti that to tb this would take tea quin- tihlion gallons of water to convert which into steam would require tour quadrililon tons of coal. An Ohio postmaster lies discovered anti obtained a 1)00k that was presented toVil. . 11am ' 1cKinloy by his father forty years ago , Thu postnmneter has forwarded ( lie vol. umflo to time prebident , At. the time young McKinley received the book ho wits a vol. unteer nsststnt to the zerm who nou re' turns it and who was then postmaster at I'oland , 0. I'hotograplms were In1en last week at limo arranged electric explosion of thr.e lingo subnmarino mines in the main ship channel at Boston. Time cnhi'mns of water hurled tipwaril reacheti a height of 0 feet , with a breathtlm of seventy-five feet at. tue base , One maine contained 200 pounds of geliutimme and fifty of dynamite , The noise was'iiko the muffled report. of a cannon. Time opal protluction of Queensland , Atis- tmalla , is becoming very important , More titan $100,000 worth of rough stones were exported last. year. In time western dis- ( rids of the colony the opal ileposit are very considerable. Time Queensland opal is of brilliant quality afiti exlmerts pronounce it to ho equal to the best hungarian van- etles. etles.Mrs. Mrs. , hico Palmer Henderson ot Chicago has the oldest ( loll in the world , It came from Alaska nnd is made of the fossil ivory of the hairy elephant , wlmich is said to lmavo become extinct sonic 160,000 years erse so ago. The doll is about eight inches high antI Dr. Sheldon Jackson , ( ho United States conlmi8slommcr of cdtmcation for Alaska , pronounces - nounces it. the finest apecimmmen lie has ever aeon , lIe hums tiseti all his vowers of do- quenco to secure it for his Sltka collection , but in vain. Bangor , Me. , has a tramp dog that is a traveler like limo lob postal dog Owney. This dog Is a hong , lean hound , ownel by C. F , Slicyloy , lie will not stay In his comfortable home , twit. haunts mmows.juper omces rind time police station anti whien tireti of Bangor gets on the first train ho sees and journeys over time state , lie always rides in a seat until nmamh to gut down and Invariably apImlies at railroad rcstau- rants for food , Dewey ( that's lila name ) never gets lost , but , after a vcek or so omm the road , heads back to Bangor again as if ho kmiew time vay. 'l'lliI iIA'm"F1li OF SANTIAGO hAY , itmiy3 , ISH. Timere are tears in Amifimmlmmala , l'imero is grief iii old Mound , Tlmere are sighs 1mm Valonulirosa , Death stmtllcs time bail of tlmd Cid. For the iieet of brave Cor'era 'l'iittt muaiicd frommm lmrotmti Castile Is battered amid is bemmtemu Anti strews time rocks , mt Aumtiiies , Time infaumta timid Oqmiemmdo The Vizeava and Cristobol Are wreelced nimd toni nsummtier Anti destroyed by simcll and bali. Before Santiago harbor That idle mummer tiny , At rest in lazy motion Our ileet at rineimor hay. No sigmm uiptmm ( lie water Of Spammisim tniek or vile , Nit netu freni uiillen Of lpsumuisim craft or gtulle At as- our er.ws ter' Itiuinging , lresse'd in their Sunday beat ; A ilny of l'Cute Aluui quiet. A limo of luraer and rest. limit dimming % ns tim Sianiard , , muti to hits cnet' ime said : ' 'Toulay ' we'll slip our euiimle .ntl otit to sea well beau For time uitiko umususwcting ; . Of . time trick eu lutum we'll p151' , .w.uhl elmatit his psalms with fervor W'imiio we will steal away , " limit wlmat espies time lookout From llrookiyn's lofty must ? Suspicious seems ( tint object A-scmmmryimmg on so ( oat , 1'roni out time sintious winding Of Smmntingo'R tiny 'There loomumu time tirenui infants , In battle's grim anna- Vizemm'as futuimeis vommning Illmick clouds against time sky. "A race for life , Cerverni" Time sailors madly cr' . Now imoat otir iirtmmmms to quarters , Now roars Iowa's gun ; Our tiecks nrc cleared for action- Time battle has begun. Now lmitiimgR from her station Thio mighty Oregomm Abreast ( lie desperate Spaniard , Time victory mntist ho won. Fruimu ( turret and from tmrosdstde BlnZ tlery Ilanimes from hell , Immdlnmua anti time Texas Are tituimtiering Spain's death knelt mmti stmorting like it charger , Time race horse of time mmiii , The Iirookiymm bears 0ot'um grimly On time liecing amtis ) of 51101mm , Like eaglet fnomml its e'rio Time ( lioticester swoops with dread Upon time luckless Ftmror 500mm mioummlmerod with the dead. , . . The imen'u'eims roar with thunder Time ( loet is seared with tinmue , 'rime bursting shells sereammm vengeance. Amid cmi Sii.uuislu hmommor , ehmammie , Nim lilt ) ' , anti mme quarter 'l'o Spmmmulslm pride altimil ho , Uumtil our slmiptu have driven liar Arnmatlas fromn the sea. Till Cuiba. sits iii freelorn Ilenemmtim time stmmm-kiimi4ed sicies , .Ami feels tIme joy of liberty , TImid. hmcaveum-blcssed prize. Anti may tIme Cioti of hattlo I'roteet our native iuummul , Anti teach ommr icOPlO iira'seiy 'l'hie foemnnii to witlmetanti , Btmt ctmrb time lust for coiuumluest , Or hCI1CO sos' thou the Seed , For mu umatioum is nmost maigiuty Wimeim justice is its arced. Then tlmreo times tlmrco for the union , Amid three times thmreo for tIme tars 1Vho mmitmnmied tIme shins of bmtttlti u Under tile stripes nimti tutors , , nti three tiimletu tlmrce for Old Olory And tlmrec timmlcs three for Sciule ) ' , Vlmo sonIc the Snaumiii aqUa&Iromi Ott Santiago bay , C , B. Take It Up Stairs , Too : Nearly everybody uses Wool Soap down stairs in the laundry. . It's th one soap that won't shrink : h:1 : woolens , and people muit use it there. But you need it up stairs rnorc-up in bathroom and bedroom. ) Don't use on your face what you dare not use on wool I WOOL SOAP is simply pure soap. Other soaps are called pure-but they shrink wool. They lack our secret , . Whenever you need a pure soap you need Wool Soap. You need it most for toilet and bath. ' ° ' That's where Wool Soap is im- ZJ' NY MAMa I WiSH MISC usco HAD , Portant I WooLs. IT SWlM , All Grocers and Druggists sell it. . A1HOOD RESTORED "CUPIDENE" This Great Vegetable Vitalizer will quickly cure all nervous , or diseases of the generative or- ens brought on by youth Cul errors or excesses , such as Lost M&ni'ood , n&omnimta , Spcrmumtornkmooa P0mB In thmck , Evil Dream. , Scmnliuni ISmi.- aIons. Nervous Debiitty , I'Irmiplos , headache , Unfitness to Marry , lix- hausting Drains , Ynicoccis anti Coimsttrnmtion , stops losses by day , - . night , Provetits quickness of duicharge. , which heads to Spermatorrhoes and Impotency , Cleanses the htter , lcidnuuys aiid urtusry organs of lilt SIIEORII and ETI3t imourttio , Strengthens anti restores Small weak ornimnu , . 51.00 a box , 0 for 5.Ot ) . Guaranteed to cure. Semid for free circular aud 5000 tet- menials. Davol Mcdicine Co. , San yrancleco , Cal. yor sale by Meyers , Dimion Drug Co. Omaha , Nob. 0 Areyou ? Everybody is. What ? CoicctIng the Tioo'e Phuotogravuros of the Exposition , of couras. It Istlme Intl to collect views and souvenirs of the Exposition. You know , to keep thmemn nice , Time Bee line Issued a PORTFOLIO COVER FOR 15 CENTS. Time price is what they cost. tie by the thousand , iumtl you could not tummy them elsewhere for lobs than fifty cents , Timoy at'o nmiido of still book board covered with cloth , with gilt lettering. They are Indeed handsome. You can pci. ail aorta of pIcture anti souvenirs of time IxposItion in them and wimon November comes you vlil hmvo a collection of which to be proud. thcre o you I Octthcm ? I _ _ s.-g -r-- " ' Th Omaha Bee Photogravure Dept. N , 13. portfolios by mall cents extra forpoetago. ' . - - - - - -