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ri-- . 4 . . - . - - - - - - - . - - - . _ _ , .
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,
:1 : . . . . . - TUE OMAILt DAILY flETh SUN1)A , flTLY 4 , 1898.
iiiLiVIL1'S ' IIXEflA14VEALTII \
.
Vast Bthrcn of Prccou Metals In the
ll1gh1and of' the Andc.
\VHAT MIERICAU PROSf'ECTORS ARE DOING
y 71111111)tI ? ! t1rcnh1 l'r01111cP41 nnil Vn-
r- Cilifl'II : i ,
: . J'I * ( lM Aluut the IIstrIctN
.
. Zititi tII ( UIIICrMI
. : ( cnpyrlgtit , 1898 , by .FranIc G. Carpenter : ) .
L.A PAZ. Bolivia. , Juno j2-SpecIa1 ( Cor-
L c8pofldenCO to The fldo-13o11'Ia anT ( Peru
r among the richeRt mInera' ' rcgIon of ( lie
K worlil. IJolivia has produced more thar
33,000,000,000 worth ot sIIvr , She tiow atands
third among the AUver.proIlucIIlg countrks ,
and It what 4merlcan mining prospectors
Iero tell ( no Is true , she bids fair to soon
coino to the front as a rich gold territory.
.1 went out yesterday to watch ( ho weeks
clcan iip of ii little placer mine which be.
longs to a number oE IlolivIans ot La l'nz.
The llgglngs were on the Chugulaguillo
river , whIch runs by the city not two miles
from wlicro I em writing. This river lies
ciii. n gulley several hundred feet deep in
the side of the 1ilatcati or basin In which
La Paz is atttiateil , anil above the cut a high
wall of gravel oxtonda to what Is known as
tim Alto , far above thin city. It is in this
: ' gravel that the gold is found. A score of
] ndinns wcro at work digging down the hilt ,
carrying off the gravel In wheelbarrows anti
htiinplrig it into troughia or sluice bOXeS
through whichi water ( ruin the river was
conducted. On ( lie bottom of the troughs
' were iron ladders or frames so laid that they
wouhi catch the heavier parts of the gravel
nail gold as the water carried the tilrt on
into ( Ito river. Thiero was no quicksilver
used and ( lie miners dopeniled entirely upon
the veIght of the gold to catchi ( Ito particles
as they vent ( brought , Shortly after I ar-
rivet ! the vntcr was turned pattinihy off and
tile gravel panned for gait ! . 'iie panning
was doite by ( hirco Indians , vhio sat 'vitht
L their bare l.gs iii the water on the sides of
, tue sluices niiti dipped ( ho gravel up Inter
r wooden bowis just about us big as those
which wo 1180 for making bread or chopping
hash. Tim lowI5 urn ( Ito gold-washing pans
or the Indians. They arc called batacs
, anti ore to ho found In all the
mining regions of Peru and flolivia. The
miners dipped the bowls of gravel from
titno to time Into the vnter and , mixing
the gravel with their hands , caused ( he
dirt. to flow off. Now and then they picked
I a handful of ( lie gravel , and after look-
lug It over , cast it back into ( ho sluice box ,
As ( hioy went on you could see little yellow
bita of nietni atnoiig the ( lark stones.
After a while the gravel was all washed
mit , and in cccli bowl ( here was a little iilc
of gold pctbles or small nuggets. There
was no gold dust , the deposits ranging
from bits of pitro gold the slzo of the head
of a lin to nuggets as big as your little
finger nail. One of . ( lie nuggets which I
Saw taken out weighted moro than half an
ounce , and it was worth , I was told , at
. least $10. The total amount cleaned up was
not large , but It was nil of this coarse
.
gold.
gold.This
This is ( ho character of the gold found
In Bolivia. It lies in tim earth not in
pockets , but distributed with great regu-
Inrity through the layers of gravel of seine
Parts of the country. Now and then large
nuggets arc foutid. These same grav b ds
have been burrowed into by the
for more titan 200 years , and out of'ahinost '
tile spot upon which we stood ( lucre was
OUuId , In the seventeenth century , a mass
of gold which sold for lI,26' ' . It was sent
to the museum at Madrid , where it Is said
one of ( ho keepers had a. tiumniy nugget
made to imitate It , and then stele tim or-
ginal and melted it and sold It. WhIle
we wore at the mine the skeleton of an
F Indian was iluig iu ) . ho had probably been
mining lucre generations ago and the earth
had caved In and buried hint.
Ihul ivinu toI4I FieljIM.
T wouit out to this mine with Mr. If. II.
Strutter of I'iuiladelphia and Prof. A. A.
hard of Detiver , Prof. hard is a well known
.
- uuuinlng engineer , and ho has been brought
here by Mr. Sraer ( in connection with some
l'hiiladclphila capitalists , who have taken up
r
large claim on the Palka river , about
thirty attIcs from La Paz , at. the foot of
the great Ihlinuant mountain , They have
. tested the property thoroughly , and it liroin-
lace to ho one of the great placer mines
of ( lie world. Tue best hydraulic niachuinery
for its development has already been. ordered
train i3aui Francisco , and wIthin a few
months ( lucy will begin active work. The
nachuincry Is all matte in sections , no piece
weighing more than 150 pounds. as It must
go to the unities on tue backs of iuitiles.
: . Prof. Hard huuu traveled extensively over this
part of ( Ito Bolivian mining regions. lie
tells me there is no doubt but that there is
j . a great deal of gold lucre , said ho to me
.
.
' i belIeve that ( lie whole mountain range
ytiuunlng from Mount Sorati , or Iilanujiu , as it
is here called , to Mount Illiuuuani , a distance
I' of 150 , contains quantities of gold , anti
; I shah not be surprised If there is lucre
vlthtIii a ( ow years a gold excItement equal
to tile Klouudike , This range forutus a inoun-
talti vaIl containing some of the Highest
peaks on the globe. Thuo formation is a curir
e one. It Has mnuuy alternate layers of
gravel anti clay , and it seems to inc ( lint
the whole country bctwceii here and Lake
: Titleacut is a sothituientitry deposit which was
during ( lie ages tiutuier ( ho sea rlthi only
the itcahis of ( lie iuodiitaiuis showing above it ,
W'herover itrosliceting has been ( lotte iii this
deposit very coarse gold hiiis becii found ,
Tim gold everywhere runs in little uiuggets
hue that you saw , and there is lIttle of i'hiat
wo call gohtl ilust , These nuggets are very
scattered , liuclu Itnuutihlug results in nothIng ,
but almost every yard seems to conaiui
bOmO gold , I know of one Instance whore
400 yards of gravel u'un through a sluice bo
produced 133 ounces of gold , worth between
$7,000 and $ S,000. Most of ( hue gravel vihi
oiuhy hay 'hen worked with niachiheery and
on a large scale. "
t "Where does ( hits gold cotuuo front , Mr.
I ' Hard ? " I asked , "Are there quartz ledges
0 j the
* 'c8 , I flu sure of It , ' ' replied the nun-
lug expert , "lii all ( ho gravel which I
treated from itear Lit Paz to far up Mount
ihhimani I found sonic gold , I saw nuinor-
oils quartz ledges eu ( liii Sorati inoutitaitus
when I crosseti thtent the other day , and
t 1 doubt iuot but ( hunt there will be exten-
she quartz tutlucs In hlohivia In the future ,
o far ( Ito expense of brIngIng in macbin-
cry and ( lie illtliculties of development have
been so great ( hint the licopie hero have
Hot huroshiected for quartz ledges , In fact ,
there has been little systematic prospecting
Iii Bolivia. The country has not beei
scratched nnul the examinations made have
been of ( Ito lilt and titiss order , Thu gold
: ( lint could be gotten out without. ( lie aid of
ninehtinery hitis b'evn itrctt vell worked by
the Ilitilans and Sitauiartls. The fact that
rio duo gold Is found I consider an evidence
that there must be somewhere 'ery lchi
jtlnrtz
? 'l'lii' 'I'liininI aulil lte'ginii ,
.
' There arc a tuimber of Americans here
who are about to start to the Tlpunni ( TIp-
00-walt-ne ) gold fields. A Mr. Yost and
lila wife front Douivcr recently arrived and
tivo yottitg Ohio iuieit , Messrs. scott and
ltnthibun of Lime , who represent the Deshi-
, I hors nitil other capitalists of Columbus , are
uo\ % . ( here Ip'ositeCtliig. The most intportauit
undertakini In this country itt that of a
Jenvcr syndicate III ( ho charge of im. S.
, and 0 , 'F.'tlsoit of I > ua'cr , froiui whom I
get the fohhowing information : The syndi.
.ate li concessiot of seven wiles along
. . . ---S.
- - -
( ho bed of the Thpuant river , and It has
haul a powerfui dredge constructed with
whIch IL can dredge the river bed to a
depth of forty feet and to bedrock. The
dredge was made at Denver and was tested
there. It was constructed so ( lint It chuld
be sent hero in pIeces and It Is now beIng
taken Into the gold region on ( lie backs
of mules and Indians , The whole dredge
weighs eight tons , but no section of It
weighs more than 125 pounds , while the
average piece Is not heavier than seventy-
fls'e pounds. The cost of getting the dredge
front Denver to the mine will be more than
ioooo. It took more than six months to
get it lucre and Its journey on to ( lie mine
Is attended with all sorts of dangers , It
has to go over high mountain passes , to lie
carried along the edges of precipices. In
some places llamas will transport it and et
others mcii wilt have to do the vork. This
machine has a capacity of 200 yards of
gravel a tIny. it will be put in thid river
nnd will excavate pits to beil rock , , the
gravel coming up being washed upon the
dredge. The bed rock will be swept and
scraped by men in ihiving suits and the
prospects arc that a vast amount of gold
vIhi be secured , Tim Tipunni river is one
of the most famous of tHe Bolivian gold
streams. It was worked in the days of the
incus , and the Sianlarils have haul
lnrgo amounts from it. The Tip.
until is a rushing stream 300 feet
wide , lying on ( hue cuisterli side of Cohil-
lore , about two weeks' travel from La
l'az. The river liowa Into tim Maperi and
( hence into the lieni , in which its waters
find their way to ( lie Amazon. In the
rainy season it Is a rushing torrent and the
Indians cannot work in it , It is so deep
( lint with their crude nietluods of panning
with wooden howls they have not been able
to get to ( lie bed rock of the center of the
river , although they stilt wash along the
edges of the stream every year with profit.
They stand in the water up to their waists
and scrape the gravel together with their
feet until they have made a little 1)110. )
Thicn they diva down and gather a panful ,
often getting 25 or O cents out of a pan-
ful of gravel. Just the other day a nugget -
get of ( lie slitipo of a pear , weighing two
and one-half ounces , was taken out. There
was a Spaniard who worked the bed of the
river to a slight extent years ago. lie had
a bucket brigade at Indians , who , equipped
with rude cowakin buckets and standing
on notched poles that. served as ladders ,
passcd the gravel anti water from ouio to
the other until they reached the top. It
took two years of such work to get to bed
rock and It is said that the man took out
during four years $140,000 $ In gold. Another
story , which is questioned , is ( hiat he took
out tlOO pounds of gold In a single year ,
and another is ( lint ho panned out 463
POiltutiS in fire hours. The pit where this
Spaniari worked was about seven miles
above the claims owned by the Denver men.
It was. it Is said , only twenty feet square.
Gold Is also found upon the Yeah river ,
'urhuicli is not far from the Tipuani and in
southerit Bolivia.
Spiue I'eruvlnn Gold 1egtnttI4.
'rho l'eruvian gold field that is now at-
( meting the most attentlon'ts ( hue Cnrabnya
district. This is not a great distance from
Cuzco , and can be rcacned by five days'
travel on mules and on foot from the branch
of the Arequipa Puno railroad , which is cx-
( ended toward the city. You leave the railroad -
road for ( lie Carabaya. on a mule and go
two days down hill , then two days up Zulu
and during the last day you go down again
for a distance of about 12,000 feet. This last
journey is made on foot , and it takes about
eight hours. You then find yourself in a
region that is covered with trees and one
whore ( lie 'vegetation Is almost tropical. A
river runs through it , and In this the Indiana -
diana have been washing , jld for centuries.
These Indians are the descendants , it is
supposed , of the Incas. They aresemi-civi- _
lized. and cnn be gotten to work for you
for 20 cents a day , Up until recently all
of the gold from this part of Peru was
froni placer washings. The chief work to-
thay is In the quartz riiines of Santo Domingo.
Out of this mine 30,000 ounces of gold were
takcuu in eighteen monthis , and it was later
for $285- $
on sold to an 1unerican syndicate
000. Whuethuer the mine is only a pocket or
not is not yet known. The ore , I am told ,
runs very rockety. though sonic of the quartz
has run as hugh as $130,000 to the ton , The
ore that is now being worked turns out
about $100 to the ton , This is being put
through a ( cu-stamp mill. This mine was
boughit for the syndicate by a California man
named lindisout. who came to South America
to investigate the rubber business and got
into ututhing. lie managed the property for
a while , but not successfully , lie bought a
hot of expeiusivo machinery without consid-
cling how ho could get it to the unine. It
was In too heavy pieces to lie carried there ,
and some of it is now lying along ( ho road.
The syndicate has now a new management ,
with Mr. V. K , Speare , a vehi known mm.
ing man of Colorado , as its Peruvian head
I understauud that the prospects of the mine
are good , ahthtoughi as yet no large amounts
of gold have been taken out.
'Vito BeNt Gold or the % Vorltl ,
.Just above Lake Titicaca , near the Bo-
hymn boundary at P0(0 , Peru , there are
gold mInes which are doing well. My in-
foriutiutlon concerning thIs region is from
Mr. Charles \V. Bellows , an American prospector -
poctor who Is now iii tIm enuploy of ( ho
Santo Domingo nino. Mr. Bellows has recently -
cently prospected in this Part of Peru.
Said hue ;
There are at Pete placer diggings 16,700
feet up in ( ho Andes , whichu arc now turning -
ing out $50,000 worth of gold every three
months. The gold Is 037 fine , some of the
purest gold of the world. They are work-
lag the mine with one hydraulic , but they
could , I think , use thirty with profit.
"There are other valuable gold mines , "
continued Mr , Bellows , "just across the line
in flohivin. At Suchez , Just cast of Pete ,
and at the saune altitude , there are placers
whtichi at times pay $20,000 a month and
prouluco gold that is 063 fIne. supposed to be
( lie finest gold of the world. These mines
wore worked for 150 years by the Span-
lards , but ( hwy nro now in the bands of
Messrs. l'onie and Gibson , two young En-
giishmett vhio are developing it. They have
a river with 130-foot fall , which gives them
force for theIr hydraulic. In their sluice
boxes are Iuaventemuts of cobble stones , In
which ( lie gold falls , and they collect ( lie
fine gold with quicksilver , They have gotten -
ten souno nuggets weighing as much as
three ounces. Above l'oto there is another
good mine , It Is known us the I'otorosa.
It. is situated on ( lie side of a unountatu 22-
000 feet high. It is now in litigation , but
tue People who hare IosSessiOn have been
making a good thing out of it , antI they
ship a great deal of gold to Europe to be
suutehted ,
Nut ii l'oor 31111's Count
1 fear that some of the statements in
this letter may bail Americans without
cupital to conic to South America to pros.
beet. I should most earnestly advise such
to stay at home. This is not a poor moan's
country In any sense of the word. There
Is no chance at all for the man without
capital , and there is no chance for the men
out of uuuouiey to nuako nuoney by his muscle
iii competition with these Indians , vhio live
like dogs and will work for about 20 cents
of our money iter tIny. Many of them arc
good mechanics , nuid as to bookkeepers and
clerks the mnrketa arc overstocked. It
takes a large aiuuount of money to travel
hero , and without promer supplies the hard.
shiljis are inconceivable. I met last week
two Anuericans who had been prospecting
iii the 13euu region of Bolivia and In the
Carabaya district of Peru. They were the
hardest-hooking Yankees I have seen and
their story was harder than ( heir looks.
They hind attempted to live oil the country
and had bud little more than cornmeal
mush for three months. Same of the time
they ivoro almost starvIng , notwithstanding
( ho fact that they bad plenty of money
with .bem. For weeks they III to walk
through the rain anti sleep at night without -
out a Ore In rude IndIan huts , whibro at
times they were only admitted because
they forced ( heir way In , There Is uthso-
lutely no chance for a man to malco his
expenses as lie goes along , cuiui as toe trying -
ing to wash enough gold out of the streams
to support him , this is an imposSibitity , for
the surface washings and , in tact , nfl gold-
bearing gravels that could be easily gotten
at have been uvorkCd over aunt over by the
Indians , first In ( lie days of the Incas , later
on when they were tinder their Spanish
taskmaaters , and since thten from year to
year for themselves , 'rIte gold regions on
( Ito easternsitles of tle Andc qro In many
cases malarlous nad those afoflt lied are
so high that iqahy cannot st4d' ( he rari.
fled air and hia're "soroche , o 'American
can work liars as ho can at hioni anul' most
of those n-Ito attempt to do so soon give it
iii ) . AS to the roughness of travel here
and in the RockieS there i hO comparison.
The passes of the Andes are , oycr the rIdges
of ( lie mouuitains rather than throtughu vat- '
leys and passes of 16,000 and' 17,000 feet
are common , Mr. Bellows told ma lie
crossed the mountaIns ha one place at 10-
000 and that when lie got to the top tIm
other side teeined straight down and his
trip front ( hero on was like climbing down
tim sub of a wall. Some of the roads over
the mountains are by a series of 5(01)5 and
rattles are trained to climb anti jump up
from step to step. In some places the
mules will sit down upon their hind legs
nuid slide down the mountains and you
are often iii such a situation that if you
or your menlo inuikes a misstep you are lost ,
SOHiC 'Vronllrs of the tiiaer.
Let us look at what It. will cost ( ha ordinary -
nary American to come here to mine , We
will suppose that his purse Is lean anut that
lie travels in the cheapest way. It he goes
by steerage from Now York to Panama it
wIll co3t lump $30 , and he viIl need $35 more
for hits steerage passage t Alolledo , It
uvihl cost him $22 for actual expenses frolut
Moilendo to La Paz , and so far nothing
whtateu'er lies been allowed for extras. At
La Paz he must outfit , and hero everything
is high. A sack of flour vlhl cost him $11.
lie will find no baking powder and ho Ha-
coii and hue will have to stock up witlu such
canned goods as he can find at the highest
prices. The chances are that hue vill tiecido
to hive oft the coumitry and that his stomach
'will be turned upside down us soon as ito
gets outalde ot the settled reghouusVhiat
ho will have to cat if lie can buy It will be
chiolouma. This is a sheep , split and dried
whole in the sun. He packs this on his
mule or burro. and it forifia his staple
to the rain and then
food. It is exposed
becomes soft. A terrible stench rises from
It , and it looks hIke putrid meat , as it
really is , Another food that Is a staple is
dried , ThuCse arc
chuito , or frozen poatoO (
much liked by the Indians , but are not
relished by foreigners. Outside of thueso two
thue road.
articles you can buy nothing on
At the Indian villages you may sometimes
be able to get vegetables , but no meats.
Genie is very SCCO and there is little wood
for cooking except In the regions on ( hue
eastern slopes of thuc mountains. There is
absolutely 00 fuel for warmth in what nrc
sonic of the coldest of climates. It you
carry an oil stove you v1hI hmvo to pack
along kerosene for It , and this will cost
you' for the Peruvian vartetyrnorO than $1
per gallon. Many people cannot realize that
it Is cold in South America. I am
wearing two stilts of underclothing at
this moment , anti my feet are
in a fur toot-warmer like that we sometimes -
times use when out sloighing. I am only a
little over 12,000 feet above the sea , in a
hotel built of sun-dried bricks. Many of
the mining regions are 14,000 and moro feet
above the sea ; there ate no boqses whatever -
ever , and at certain seaBonhi 'tli' uyiutJ of
thue Andes nrc iuipup cold dad : bonebrda- }
ing. The wind and sun tan you and aB , a Fe ;
suIt of my rides in the hIghlands my face
and netk are now the color of a boiled
lobster. while my rosy nose is peeling off
in scales. I now wear the knit mask which
the natives wear on cold journeys. It is pf
brown yarn nuid so tnadQ ( lint it covers tim
whole head , leaving holes for the eyes uioso
and niotithi. It serves its purpose , but it
makes one look a very Mephistopheles.
The rainy season is a serious tIme for the
Mutericuun prospector. TIho grass on thce
high pampas is of a soft. spongy nature. It
holds the water , so that going over it is like
'walking on wet sponges , and no boots can
keep your feet dry. itunnor cracs anti
heels when exposed to it. In the gold regions -
gions of ( Ito lieni river , whiertu It Is warmer ,
( hue rains are heavier and ( lie vegetation
is so dense ( hint at times you have to cut
your way through wflhi machetes , Soune-
times it is impossible to make more tbtn
two or three miles a day , and In some regions -
gions you flail savage Indians who think
you arc trespassing upon their territory
and treat you accordingly. Most of the
above evils , however , can be materially
modified if not removed if ono has plemuty
of money. and for such the opportunities
are , I b iieve , worthy of serious Investigation -
gation , FRANK (1 , CARPENTER.
Fruit Not Goon for SnihorM ,
Writing from Camp 'Merritt. San Francisco -
cisco , Mark II. Evans , clerk of Co. F , lIst
Iowa , says : "Wheti I heft Des Moines I
had with mo two bottles of Chamberlain's
Colic , Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy , The
fruit out lucre has not exactly agreed with a
majority of ( be boys and my two bottles
have been in great demand , so mccli so
that it Is all gone. " Mr. } IYans has since
been supplied and will take a good lot of
tIm remedy along to ( bit Philippine islands ,
'rhere ( B ItO thanger from bowel complaint
when this remedy is utteuh. It always cures.
For sale by al druggIsts.
When Sir Willianu Ilarcourt was a young
maui he once vald a visit to Lord Beacons-
field , or , as ho was then , Disraeli , and on
Sunday went with his host to the village
church. "My friend , ho vicflr" said Die-
raehl. In explanation of that functionary's
high church tendencies , "wIll tuke what I
call a collection and ho calls an offertory ;
and afterward what I call a plate , and ho
calls an amsdislt , will be phaced emu what I
cull a table and lie calls ax altar , "
E1UEST1EAPON \ \ OFTAR \ \
Evolution of' the Most Ancient of rireas
to the Modem Gun ,
PROGRESS OF THE ORIGINAL PISTOL
Vrniim Ihin Phintloek of 3110 In ( lie
tneIiitte ( ttiis of ( lie I'reseiit-
,
lienutifuL SlieCiiiIeuiM ) fL . ,
_ iteihInoiuh Artifleliig ,
' - , i , ,
Tlip pistol , the smallest anti most inter-
'estf of firearms , is also the oldest. From
tIle time o the battle of ltontz , between
the Gcimnans and ( Ito French , in 1646 , sword
and Pistols have bee'iu ( hue recognized equip-
meat of a horse soldier ,
In England , France and ( lernuany the
service pIstol is of a fixed and definite fornu
atut caliber , but iiu tim united States no
such uniformity prevails. The govcrtunient
does not supply any of Its officers with shhe-
arias , so tint American follows hits own
preference in the selectIon of his pistols.
These vary both in calIber , uuinke and style ,
and there are still in use on board sonue of
our war ships boarding pistols of a cum-
brous. one-lire pattern which wcutt out of
date twenty years ago.
But sonic sort of a pistol always appears
as a part of thin nrmy oflhcer's equipment.
One of ( ho British correspondents who ac-
counpaniod the Gussie expedition to Ca-
hmnas wrote houne : 'Of the oiflcors , some
were a sword , some dkh not , though all
carried revolvers. " No orders hind beotu
issued on the subject ; it was left to intht-
vidilni taste. There have bcoii fronu time to
time efforts made to have tim government
secure unIformity itt this matter hy ( ho
selection of souuuo definite typo and caliber
of revolver , but , so far , it lies uuever beeuu
ilono and of late there htas been a tendency
to substitute sword nuid carbine for sword
and pIstol among our huorso soldiers.
The exact Onto at which ( lie pistol first
made its nppcarahtCe as a weapon is not
certaiuuly known. The earliest hand gun of
which there is a specinuen extant Is a fire-
lock. A combination pistol and iron cl\ib ,
made about 1510 , Is preserved in one of the
European musetunus. In flrluug It was held
at arm's length and operated by a. blazing
stick applied to the touch-hole. Once discharged -
charged it could be used only as a club.
The modern revolver. as a matter of fact ,
is the first pistol really useful In battle for
moore than one discharge. At Marsten Moor
(1644) ( ) the cavaliers "dIscharged theIr
pistols and fliung thenu at each other's
heads. " At the battle of Wittenmergen , in
1638 , ( hue musketeers of ( he duke of Weimer
succeeded in firing their pieces seven times
itt eIght hours. It sometimes took a minute
. .MATCH LOCIc PISTOL
. .01"JS'bO
. r:17t. : ' ; ?
LOCK
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i J9 ; ; 7 rlL-LQclc.aPIsTo
1010. I5Z
( $ ° ) .
SOME REMARKABLE TYPES OF' PISTOLS.
or two to fire oft a wheel-lock after the
firing process had begun.
I'rogrEss of the I'lstol.
The evolution of the pistol can be traced
by the development of the lock. Its earliest
form , the fire-lock , was succeeded by the
match-lock. There Is in the tower of Len-
dcii a matcli-hoclc of 1550. The improve-
meats in the nuatehi-lock over the earlier
form consisted In the fact ( lint the latter
i carried Its own self-burning slow match
fixed on the lock. These match-lock pistols
% ere also called serpentines , fronu the dopbio
curve of the combined cock and trigger ,
'which yore In one Piece. They were useil
by the German ritters at Itouutz. They
vero nearly three feet long and as awkward -
ward as can be imagined , yet the skill with
which they were used against the I"ronch
on ( lila occasion lcd to their perunatuent
adoption as part of ( lie equlpuuient of
cavalryunen.
The wheel-lock , made clulefly In Italy , at
Plstoia , which is said to have originated the
name "pistol , " succeeded tIm nuatch.leclc.
Its niochinutism consisted of a cock , so called
nnI ( Spain , the two countries where the
finest medineval firearms were made , pitt
their wits to work on an improvement , The
flInt.lock pistol was the result nntl the
greatest wars nail most famous duels , down
to 1830 , were all fought with flint-locks.
It Is claimed that the honor of inventiuig
the flint-lock belongs to a Spaniard named
Miqiuclet , but there is no convincing cvi-
tienco of it , Certain it Is that the fiiht-
lock was so serviceable a weapon for nearly
200 years ( lint In 1560 officers of the United
States army opposed substituting for the
flint-lock ( lie "now fanghctl percussion lock. "
The hmi'roveuuieitts on ( ho hint-lock
which led to the huercuissian 'lock were c'A'
oreth by English patcuits in the cathy Pitt
of tithe century , A fulinhmmtint ; composition
was first used , to be exploded by the falL
of the eock , ( yhiich hipi nQiu' becohu , lil'n- ,
ticah with thto hop , qr 'ianuuer ) , ptit ( this
In ( urn , led to the patenttig , iii Enghunlil ,
of a tuba , anti a. cap of Lulinintito to fit
on the tithe. WhIle sonuo pisbls were iuuado
uimhor these PateittS as early as lS2O-ZuO ,
1)ercuissloti cap pistols diii Itot conte lute
general knowledge until Salutilell Colt pnt
ented his revolver in London rnd , Pat is in
1835. Colt had hard iuork to niche ( Ito
huercusslOn-cap revolver go , nit.t in 1Ri2 his
company becanuo insolvciut , a eneral Zach-
cry Taylor insisted on having hits soldiers
armed with these revolvers in the Maxteami
var and the governmuuent nr.liurs thicit given
laid the foundation of Colt's fortunes , So
discouraged lied lie becouuio that when this
order reached hIm Mr. Colt hued to make
a now tnodei his old otto bail actually been
lost.
The great dilterence botus'i'en ( hue prinul-
tWo anti niodern revolver q'eins to iii' itt
the fact ( lint the barrels of the former , each
fitted with its own IniiIi'Idttal firing mneeliati.
isni , prhuutlmug pan and trIgger , were rei'ohvnl
directly by the hiauid , while tim firing
op ir'
4fri.
.
VALUAI3L1I SPECIMENS OP SIXTEENTh CENTURY WILEEL-LOCRS.
from being generally niodoheti after ( lie head
of the barnyard rooster , holding a piece of
pyrites In Its beak , which , on touching the
trIgger , was sprung back Into contact with
the u'hiee ! , in the lock. This wheel uuas
wound up beforehand by a boy , something
like a clock key , anti when the trigger
sprung the cock back , the spring of the
wlueol was simultaneously released and the
pyrites iuu the cock's beak were brought into
contact with the serrated edge ot the
whIrring wheel , A succession of sparks
followed , as long as tb wheel revolved , mi'l '
some of ( lucia vero tolerably sure to reach
the powtier.
The pistols unanufactured In the seven-
teentht century were far handsomer ( him
tiny that are made today , Soon after time
discovery of gunpowder the nuediacvnl
armorers set at tIm task of perfectIng a
weapon In which to explode it. As a result
of their efforts the wheel-lock pistol was
evolved. There are now in private cohhec-
tlons lut this country and Europe several
fine specimens of these ancient wheel-hocks
whIch are the despair of the nrtlflccra of
today , Inlaid wIth Ivory , gold and silver
in lock , stock and barrel , the wheel-locks
of ( hunt day well deserved the munune of
"hurecious weuipons. " They were jeweled
often at enormous outlay , Such gunemnlthis
as Nicholas file , "goldsmith to Philip V of
Spain , " charged 40 sterlIng for a single
pistol barrel and sometImes worked at ono
for a year , TIme wheel-lock , from the very
complexity of Its fIring mechanism , never
came into general use. It was always a
deli man's weapon.
Titi' h'oor tliiii's Gull.
As the wheei.lock cost too unuch for the
ordInary man , the file-lock was evolved , us
a poor man's pistol. Its Inadequacy was so
evident that the prize gunemiths of Italy
mechanism of the latter is connected with
nnd revolves ( ho cylinder carrying the car-
triulges , ( hue barrel or barrels being stattouu-
nry. A tuotleenble Improvement on the
muioderuu revolving cylinder was belIeved to
have been founti in thio mltraillouusq pistol ,
which , as tested by the Small Aruiu board
of ( hue United States navy at Newport , fired
twenty-four rinuless cartridges , charged
with smokeless nowder , iii forty-four see-
ouitis , with an effective range of 550 meters.
This test was made nearly three years ago ,
but' thud mnltraliieuse pistol line not yet been
adopted in any arm of the service ,
f
: : iiowtoGettheGood . '
: of Wool Soap. :
C Wilen you Iltid tilat Wool Soap won't shrink woo1ens S
0 don't use it alone on wooL Why be more careful of , . t ,
Q wool than OU arc of your face ? , f j
. Wool Soap is made on purposc -
. to cleanse Woo1enswithout. shrinking , '
. or injuring. 'thcsamc.ingrcdknts ' C
e that. hflaICC iti best fQr this purpoc
ci make it best. also for the human ' - '
. skin. No rougilness or rcdiicss fol- 1
0 1ow ts use. That shows that it's
0 pure. . . ,
Wool Soap is always best wher- I' "
. ever purity is necessary. Wool Soap , IWiIN 0
is so pure that it is white-so pure WOOLBOAP.
. that it SWIIIIS. Btmt some other soaps are tilat pure. (
G Wool Soap is the oniy soap so pure that it won't , 0
t shrink wooL That's tile SUprame test , and only Wool (
S Soap stands it. 0)
OIL.SOAP ' .4
( , IT .
All Grocers and Druggists sell it.
,
uEuIlIIIt 1111111 tll I lii iIllusuIl'llllIIIlrIrIu ' ! ! ICLIII I irilultru
. lire ou olng East ?
It you Ire k.LlnC tot ft coinfoitaLI ( rip , MtoUti by
- , fl.i .i.iibtfui . .nry , In 5n115 Li York , I'LL ! . .
z d.lrhi. . ur , . . .hor , 1.01115. UU cannot do Lot , , , ii. . to
; iii , , ii.
LEHIGH VALLEY
a from itufTato , i' Ntro Fail. , otwirj.
: : Tie Foote I. tlrouh t.giou ct
z UNRIVALLIID SCI3NI1RY
: iiwiitin bioio ! noont.i ) , ) . 'Ibto , r.tIng
: , tir , &i.i , 1tod4 I. ! . , . . 'ru. ' i. ii. . rout. of th.
; bLACK DIAMOND IIXPRIISS
- I .t.e.i B.ff.lo nod C' York , i'httali1bIa-tL.e
t , ) * , , , , , train In lb. wiitl.
: All thToogb hot , . c.rry dLitoF
E MIIALS'i is CARTS. a
a For ttlo.i.t.d .rIFtt , boiLs on iii , root , , , tnfom. .
' lion is to rile , of far. , .tc.s.nd our add , , , , , with foir cent.
- to , iamJ. , to Cbs. . Pt , iue , ( I , , . . 1' . . . . Age.t , N. . , IntL.
El ulI'LlIiIiIbI'IIIIlIicI 1111(111 I ( Li I lIIIilI
; . $
: % k4
} 'lrsi cain Beeond'iVc. '
WEAK MEN
Inithat rhmer Cure to 15 dais. Net-er returns.
I will gladly send to say Putterer In plain sottuti
"nvclopo Fit tIll a prlouIpttnn iLh ftuiI itire
ttouu , Suit' ii qiilcit ptItatc qutroJtr , Lent Mnuno ,
Night 1.oieu , 1sronuts 1)eluItItv Snail ' . 'sI
A
* * I- * * * * * * * * * _
* The Omaha . Bee's * 0 T
* : *
* Photogravres of the . [ xpostion *
-S--
*
* : N'o exposition has excelled the Trans-
Mississippi in architectural spleiidor and artistic
beauty-yet before the snow flies it will be only a mein-
ory , were it not for the aid of the photographer's art. .
c Iii all' its varied beauty , the splendor of the Grand court
and the fun of the Mithvay-alI the many sceiies of the
'd ' ! ' Exposition have been reproduced by
TIlE IIIOlIST PRODUCT O TIlE PIJOTOORAPIIER'S ART-TIlE PI1OTOQRAVURI J !
3j - * ,
T hese are from the work of Mr. F. A.
* . Rinehart , the oflicial photographer of the Exposi.
tion and are more artistic and. beautiful than his photo-
* *
graphs. A pliotogravureis a iork of art which anyone -
* one will be glad to frame They are 1Ox7 inches and
about 100 views in a1 ] will be published , so that no 'f '
.feature of the Exposition will be omitted ,
_
A.
. . r
' .
- I
I'V
. , - - '
. ,
.
' . -
. -T b tu I
,
t , .
. . I t f
$1 ! S
$ , , .
.
- , -b---- .
I- -a1it T" q . u : ev
_ % j airt1 - )
, C.- - . . . . ' I
I
twm. . : ' . ' - . . - ! ' ; .e-tua.q. JCcwTh4tcVTT , , , lIiii S , . : ; -
7 -r- - - WM5
t -
* SIXTEN VWS NOW RADY FOLLOWI'GVWS LQLN ISSUED. . . ,
'I ; 1-OpeIIlIlg 1)iiy , June 1 , 1808 , 9-VIne Arts Building ,
2-Noi'thieast Corner of tIi Court , lO-NebrimsIa Building.
3-GOYCrflhilClt BuIlding. I 1-Grand Court , Looking Ea5t.
. 4-Main Entramice Agrlcuhtural Bldg. l-Sctioii of Fine Arts Building.
5-Scene iii Streets of All Nations. 13-Grand Court at Night. !
0-Grand Court , LookIng West , 1(1.-Main Entrltnoc' Ilorticulturiti Bldg. 3j
7-Ilagenback's on Children's 1)ay. 15-Sceime on North Midway.
S-Grand Court , Looking Soutliss'cst , 1(1-Marine ( Bnnd at Grand Plaza.
3j Three for 10 Cents With a Bee Coupoii. 3
ej . All Sixteen or Fifty Cents.
ii. ; Tilese are offei'ed to Bee readers o heavy paper stIlt.
able for framing or for a collection of Jxpoition
views , 'l'he Bee will issue a portfolio cover for 15 cents 44tP
to form a cover for this collection ,
3jc ? Inorderliug by mmmii state ss'liich piettiresynu visJ , , by title ormiinber , and cimc1o
2 cnts extra for iuulliiig. For tile full 16 eneloe 5 cents extra for mailing.
* . ' ( ItJ'l' ( it ! ' ! ' ' 11115 COUPON ,
j' ' ; hotoorayure TIlE OMAhA DAILY Bft
Department EXPOSITION PHOTOGRAVURE
* , COUPON. * '
S , , The Omaha Daily Bee ,
u 'I'liis Coupon and 10 Cents will obtain tlhrce
Osnalia , South Omaha , Pilotogravurca of tile Exposition.
Council humUs , fly Jiljijl , 2 Cents Extra ,
'I _ _ _ _ _
- -