' . ' ' " " . , . '
s.'Q ! 'FSe"ar"ta.ttrS ? E.taar'1t 9tu ! l
PART lIh BEE. PAGTaS 1 ? TO 24. '
i
iI V .
IJS rLA3L15II1J ; i ] ) JUG ] ] , 19 , 18f , nl 1 r.AILA , TD.tl Y MOIZNINCr , JUNE 2i , 1898. SLJ. ( ' COP 1r l + I r.1 J + ' ( ' , : \"C5.
Seriesofl sfon Exoikn !
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' Ii- The wonderful success of the first of our 'Exr osit ion Sales on Saturday not only Proved theme
. r , + r { z N . , , correctness of our words in calling them.e isational Events Born of the Times tl ---but adds % 1'hcn yattconte to 01)1111U1
. , to visit till , l rnns , Illssissl pl tl
, ; , ra k ' ' to our determination to follow it a and round out the whole series - - - Each sale is an en- 13xpnsiliou , iltnkC your leged
deL , the , eatel values ' ' facts t 1uu ; tcrs with uy , 11'c inviter
to -
N r . , . vol surpass one preceedin g - - giving greater - bigger bargains - - adding' to uutke cstublish ,
u P on facts to convince you that always and always , its your pleasure and your dot Y to yourself you nlt.nt you' . nu our . lin { , , , ini.e ,
. , , to trade with us. your resting place' your
1M ulBc : , yours for rut y prpose
_ \'of sec lit our r , a lh tl t
, THRD JQ . , aBd ynur hutch room , your
! p { , achugc 00111 , your huore
10th and 9oigas ; dui htg tits day , 1\'e will
Thu largest reutll ooncnrn , In the west , G ( w tttltc cure ut all \ our thin 1 , , s , ,
Over 500 Salc9pxtplo "
The Main Store r a rind check thcot for you ,
+
the Main Corner r
° n orate City free of chtu gc. Our third I
, 1 , n9hle a9 fl , Ih , by , N
T11F r , t hlg n11 I ItY uwa illerR 9l Its I . . t { loot' h ; fitted up cpccritly [
, I +
+ ten to itkoour ways
, ' \ ' PROPRIETORS. 1 7
t l ! GRA LAO I : SNIRT
h i ' . _ . _ b
sLfl' r 2Of4 Lolls u [ the finest tmparled French 1A I ST - '
' 4 N Lacer and inserllon , nil new - =
x 1y I ( , designs and Pullet n4 , go at .c , 3e anti 6c . .
' o 4't 1 ,
a-'try S - In worth up to lac :
2c 3c and 5 Yard. -I J _ _
I _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ OTNEO - ' -
? ,
\
f
$1.00 SILKS AT 29c YARD ynnls of German and Narnuuuly Ynlen
. donnas It tcc , nl nice show ntllurn5 fur KINDS OF
t nr 1 i nrledespecially for lrhntning or- 1511/1(1n5c5 / Melt ti tlild HOV ,
10 plees of sill ( taffeta R 4 y ° ° gatndy lUc yard nud , worth white up dresses to ; wc , g0 , ut ° 1 E ! 1 Y
' S
light pink and light blue grounds , n , , , , n r t Three bargatn tables loaded down with l L e
t chueits ' I Ilnitls alai Ilo'ul tlesipu t s , saita F r t ' " Yy ; ' ' . ri I I I U t iimnense 1013 Ot all widths , styles and at- . 5 00 assorted Shirt \1 asst Sets ,
b I i' y teruv of Swiss , Nahlsuok and Jnconet Fm. bong 1 mt teem 1 uo Insurunco Undtlt -
nt nlu fm waI3is , e1 I ttre silk dresses and a h i t broiderles , go at 5c , 7c ! and lOc yard , . In Silt er and gold plated , hall writers beinIr the w hnlesalo stuck of
trhnulings , gunriultecd $1,00 quality , rifl worth up to 3JC. top sofa , fancy sots , In tar- Loeb , C Suhrior of Cleveland , Ohio-
t or Jloudtt ' ? ! lc 'urd , ! , 100 ( ) UNTIt151,11L1) lIA'1"g { JCt ' 7 C 011(1 1C at d I gnuise p , ir utduulh mid ant betie eyes nud , RU have totlrstud5 nun sold to ua n t 1's s than :5 cants on tht >
nil the latest styles , short back sailors , I _ _ _ _ . _ dolinr All these hatS note iuul Stylish.
t r i , hC greatest all(1 I'1111dCSt ; > 91tePltrdeF9 , etc. , hats that Ono bargain counter piled high with the -l'iu nt only SIX Ittoaths in bttsitmss.
50c ladies ryaists 23e cost early ht the season up. to very finest quality Nninsook and Jnconet 500 assorted Shirt
12.00. In white , black and hit h.mhroidcries aml lmiwr ttoms , suntable for
a , I Variety OI StyIIS11 CraCli , linen 100 c 1ozee ladies' ' ) real0 and the new colors , or one qurgain trimming the very Ihtest orguudy or silk I R'aist Sot gold plated , with 1111 the \ton's and Boys'
all 1e
2 I table In Millinery dvphrtmobt , nutslln dresses , all go at 25c , . ruby aad emerald c fancy' Straw Ittta [ anti large Sun
r C I all(1 silk skirts ever Sho\\'ll in lawn shirt waists , pretty and newt I choice 15c , worth In the regular tvny 50c , , . O Sctthtga. . , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , huts lhrtt were bligtttly darn
we 011(1 $ t.W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , _
Omaha. plaids uatl stripes , detachable callers , -aged , go at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vault ) at 23c. TRIMMED SAILORS Ladies and Children's 650 assOl't(1 141i tilled
Dress Skirts of crash that are actually 1r't11 S2 , 50 Sutllnler Underwear ornamollt ll 11otlltr 01 Pearl , AU the 11a1I s , Buy S taut
! . Sets dumb bell llnltsaud fau C Childs . . , ,1 , lord aoo
:
L . Fou'ard ' Sks ( ' 0101'I in white , black a11d all colors , Thousands of dozens of nil kinds of Sumstn ds ' ' ae - Catrit 101 ; uslr.n 50e sSTAU p y ] Ei1 TS
I worth l tit , b0 cut 9 . .OC t GO doyen fiat cheeks I tercale , and I ulcluhng the gl'Crlt.'GSt , ' variety arm mar Vests holes , , go with at taped 5c crtcU necks , worth nud - ] - - , - . ' gn nt . . . . . . Ci . . . Ytr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
, lawn waists , Of SlralI'Orth ns high us 20c , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00 0 sane t C d .1 e r I InR - - - - -
1)1110 . China - , turd blouse \ S \I'Orth aS 11111011 again sjher finest
( LV y ) grOu11(1S. plaids stripes - , gold plated t an(1
the 14lell
I effects , detached eullurs , asV0 501(1 tlien1 foi Last week All the ladles high grade Underwear , in- tint gold tilled set' , inelud- till s (
bilk. light blue and all eulnra , go in two altiBS air $1.50 111 worth i5e solo , ) elulang the Iinesl mnco cotton mul @ renrh ins ihlin , ' ' r
hle hard
on I s ni m t JOl
lots on bargain square at 2.ie and 1Jc t white dnt'k , Clleke(1 atIJe. ; , , , , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . b0 at the same 1)1'1Ce , embroidery Ii91e thread , trlnuned handsomely , go at silk bUc , 19e ribbon and and 25c , . etlattielcd - set , with J fuucv ' 1ta Boys'
' yard. t , 1)ltll(1 C1'i1S11 Sk11'tS , JOC each. Every one l worth up to each , stOIR than ll.no-sate M ltiua ' 1000 price word . . . . , . leas . . . . . _ STI3A _ _ _ _ _ w . + .ATS
_ ladles ' Waists of 49 and 15c this seasons ' 1 . . . lOc , 19c and 25c. - - '
- - - - - - - Sty e. Extra tine Leather B of is Your choice of the finest Mcn's and ,
t Dress Skirts Ol' 200 assorted handsome shirt waists , pretty Three bargain tnhll' ' . 1 hll1 with big twat , uaty lcaiwd colors ' Illys , S'1'RAiIIAIb ub
2 pattern s in fine white lawn an assortment bargains In all ktnds6of misses' children's ! meal uuu ucr ; , . rrnl b'x unl ( Suiutely Sound and j tttuct
r i\ \\'hitC F l + ranch piques , . lslds stripes and checks in anti hoes' underwear , all sizes and styles d nil
at pretty P gn . ' iiid styles.to real soul grain , some ivlth -worth up to d l ; 1 r C :
, at. be , 1lc ! and 19c' each , to '
ll Values lti2. 50 , tr'illl Scotch Gingham and Percale , plaited backs 57c , l'ane' Jewel ornnment. . nd "
jO % e1ed buckles , all of then
. ,
for 1.25 and $1,50 , on
IIIC(1 with buttons -sold elsewhere lOc 121e and 19e each. lined and stitched , at 25c , -
_ ( , 5 silo at 49c and 75c , at n , r , worth 50c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r s X1.50 Aata 49e.
valued $2 $
; Skins llun } styles of spring and summer weight
Bargains in r . Fraction of their real value. d n [ on Suits , in the Aaest cotton and lisle ' Curdles All the Mcn s anti Yt t It1Nr , 1ICt1's
55,00 , a t + . .JD . . . . . rh a 10.00 ' thread , go at 29c and 39c suit worth up lihtal'y , lcrhy Still' hats and flue Fedora Soft
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 . to 75 c , made of U. S , Button. s , beau- Huts that sold up to a dollar and a halt
llck n 1 Tats ter. . , . , . , 29c and 39e Suit. tiAil enameled , flog on c -tiro nt
' 0reatesfBargain d" ( 50 buchlc , I , worth , , . . . , 4gC
a So stylish for rallied skirts 0 all-Dress skirts - , 1'Iats for . . . . , , , . , a Monday wet the grandest J00 Girdles , the en- Mon's 6250 & llts for fl8o
waists ill ' ) 00 UI real linen , value ladies Silk Waists at $3,98 hosiery Sales we ever held. tire sample him c of Geo. Borg. Y0urcholco of the Unapt } Ion's
allCl Slll ( , 0 C , ( , , ill t Choice of 100 patterns in Ladles' Change- I Special Prices on Now Flowers Hundreds . of dozens of Indies' , misses' and fcldt C Co. , New York , soft nad titllf Matti-bbwk and
' 500 , 51. 003.5' fa3t black , full seamless hose , in Choice $1.93 each worth or. brotva-nltsolutuly perfect ,
75c aid t)8C ) yard. 'these are ' able Taffeta Waists , all now colors , also I 1JVe1' Varlet of plain and dcrb3 ribbed , all sizes , j to E8.00 . . . , , . , , . . . . , . . . , . . , , . . . .i all tin ,
, all of them extra well made , perfect y y imaginable 7ac , worth up 2C - nuweet shapos-
. p1aWs o goat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A .
11t. tot C 011t
$ 98 worth $10,00 , on sale at $3.98 01'0 sold Js Uargaln tables with ladles' and child- duet Uotnan gold , silver , Yotlr choieo of ull the
1 )1x111 Illll bl'0 , never s rcn's extra 11nc gauge full seamless , fast cleantl ; y hand en"t ai'cd lien + Li1IC11 Crash lIilts
than 2 rc'0n a1e -block anal tan hose , with hi 6 h I ) lied and rased tlgures , set imt 5 3 25c
0n
:1
: 3c ic IDc called sill : real nl double sat s , some war9 turquoise , sapphires , enter- to all rho uowrosL she l ) os
' 11I011la doubl0 knees , all go at lOc pair , , ante rice , this purchase. , . . . , . , , . .
r S ( at lOc. , . , . . and gnrtets n
9 98 .
, , value $1. . . JO at S 4. i Y - worth up to lac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . worth S1.W
ON 1IIE 8001 i t 0' It TIIE 110IZID 1
Curious Sllrrounaings of the Andean
t Wonder , Lake Titicaca.
° HIGHEST NAVIGABLE BODY OF WATER
t As lug us i.nke Zane , uul 'I'n Icc us
l lllh S's 110unti'nrhhgloa -
' ? 1' ' ) tluaiut Itnblls lull b'nrccful
. , lilcl : of Cite Lltuuu.
r
- ( Copyrighted , 1508 , by Frank G. Carpenter. )
CIIILILAYA , Bolivia , Stay 27.-Special (
Correapondenco of The Bee.-Steamboathig )
nbovo the clouds. Floating calmly over the
highest navigable waters of the globe. Sail-
lug under time glacial snows of the loftiest
peaks of the Andes , so near the sky that
heaven and earth meet nose around you nud
ntako you think you are on the very roof
of the world. Title ls what I have been
t doing for the last day and irigltt upon Lake
Titicaca , As you rend this letter you will
ho sweltering under the hot sun of an
American summer. It is always winter upon
Lake Tltleaca , a cold , wet winter during
t 11 halt the year and a cold , dry tvlnter during
the remainder. At some times the winds
from the Andes sweep over the waters llko
n blizzard , and at others It is as calm as
tlto Dead sea in mid-summer. The air is
now as fresh as a sea breeze. It is cold
and bracing , but so rare that I cannot walk
f
( fast without mmty heart juntping up into my
1 throat. Sono of you wlll soon be going to
Mount 1Vaslrlnglon to avoid the heat of the
city , This great lake is Inert than twice as
high up lu the air as the top of Mount
Washington , and it Is situated maid scenery -
ery which is infinitely more grand. Some of
you will spend your vacations upon our
great lakes. This hake is almost as big as
Lake Erie. It has a greater average depth
then Lake Superior and its scenery is a corn.
binntion of that of Lakes Lucerne and Geneva -
nova , in Switzerland , and of our own beauti-
ful i aice Champlain , Our great lakes freeze
e over during the winter , Titicaca never
i freezes.
I have w'rllten of the skies of the Andes ,
Those of Titicaca have nil of the beauties
of the Andean heavens , combined with
others peculiarly their own , I cannot give
Il you the sense of loftiness ono feels here.
. " Thu clouds rise up about the shores of
t Titicaca like walls upon which a canvas of
heavenly blue fits closely down , so that you
r. feel that beyond those walls there are
mighty depths mod that if you should salt
i through them you would drop into space ,
+ The air is so clear that you can see for
miles. Leaving l'uuo , Peru , I was shown
the sacred blue Island of Titicaca , fifty
miles away- , and soon other islands came
; Into view , which seemed to float upon the
waters as though they were balloons or
' 1 balls nail not the outcroppings of the hlgh-
p eat mountain chain of our hemisphere. One
t' island , f remember , toss out of time haters
in the shape of a gigantic mushroom of
soft blue velvet , another looked hike a mammoth -
moth whale whose head and tall stood out
high above the water , These were optical
illusions , due to the peculiarity of the atmosphere -
mosphere , but they wire phenomena wbieh
I have never seen upon other waters.
Au Unknuit tibtnd lieu.
You know of Lake Titicaca from your
geographies. They tell you it lies in the
Andes , about half way between the Isthmus -
mus of Panama and Cape horn , 12,500 feet
above the sea. They represent the lake as
oval In shape and state that it is 130 miles
long , fifty-seven miles wide and that it has
an area of 5,000 square miles. Some of these
statements are true. Others are all con-
jecture. The lake has in reality never been
carefully surveyed. It has great bays which
have never been sounded and it winds in
and out in places like a river , giving a succession -
cession of beautiful scenes of Islands , mountains -
tains and coast. In crossing from Peru to
Bolivia we sailed a distance of 110 miles
over water which was in many places , the
captain said , more than 1,000 feet deep. Lake
Superior has , I believe , an average depth
o1 something like 600 feet , Some parts of
the bottom or Luke Titicaca have never been
reached and the captain told me that if he
should land upon certain parts of Titicaca
island ho would have to cast his anchor
high upon the rocky shows , as the waters
which wash them are so deep that the grappling -
pling ltooks could not reach the bottom.
Think o1 a body of water like this at an
altitude of more than two miles above the
sea. Let it be more than 300 miles from
the Ocean in a basin which next to Thibet is
the loftiest inhabited plateau of the world.
Remember that you must cross a mighty
desert and climb on the railroad over a pass
which 1s nearly three miles above the sea
to get to it nud you will have a slight idea
of the wonders of Lake Tlllenea. You must
add , however , that while 1t is fed by the
snows and glaciers of the Andes , 1t has
itself no visible outlet to either ocean. Nine
rivers flow into it , but only one carries off
nay part of its waters , This is the Dosa-
guadero , which connects it with its little
sister lake , known as Lake Poopo , which lies
about 280 mil's further south in this same
Bolivian plateau , The Deeaguadero has In
this distance a fall of 500 feet , It is a rushing -
ing turbulent stream large enough to be
navigated by steamers for a part of its
length , It carries off a large volume of
water , but Lake Poopo has no outlet to the
sea , and notwithstanding this drain Lake
Titicaca remains at rho same level whether
the season be wet or dry , year lu and year
out ,
Steamers of the 1Seawens.
The steamboats which sail upon Lake Ti-
ticaca might be called the steamers of the
heavens. They sail at times iii and out of
the clouds and they are nearest time sky
of any craft of earth. Think of lifting an
iron slip of 600 tons over a pass higher
than the topof Pike's Peakt This is what
was done with the steamer Choya , upon
which I ant now writing , The ship tvus
made in Scotland and brought to Mollendo
In pieces , hero it was loaded upon the
cars and carried over the Andes to Puno
It was there put together and it now with
as well and furnishes its passengers
as comfortable accommodations as any
steanier of its size in American waters. It
is as beautiful as a gentleman's yacht and
it can make twelve knots an hour without
trouble. It is propelled by a screw and its
fuel is Australian coal , .which is brought (
over more than 7,000 miles of water and
lifted on the railroad over time Andes to
i
l'uto , at theaudgo of the lake. By the time
the coal reaches the ship it costs about
$25 In gall per ton , but the traffic on the
lake Is so great that the steamers , I am
toll , pay for themselves many limes over ,
A largo part of the freight of Ilolivia goes
to the markets of the world via ChUilayn
and Puno over Lake Titicaca and the railroad -
road to the seaport of Molicudo. Cargo is
1
, . - . .a , ,1.
r
'
brought for hundreds of miles to this point
upon mules and on steamer days it is not
uncommon to see a thousand mules being
loaded and unloaded here. In 1895 more
than $1,000,000 worth of imports came Into
Ilolivia by way of Lake Titicaca and more
than $300,000 worth'of Bolivian goods were
shipped out. There are now steamers once
a week from Puno to Chlliinya and return (
and nearly all passengers and freight to
I
and from La Paz , which Is , you know , the
i
biggest city and the commercial capital of
Ilolivia , go over this route , 1 am now on
my way to La Paz. The city is about forty-
five miles , or almost a day's ride by stage ,
from here , and all baggage , freight and
passengers arc carried there by horses or
mules , The United States mail for Ilolivia
is brought across Lake Titicaca and carried ,
with other foreign mall , on a wagon to La
Paz. I tried to bribe the mall carrier to
take me with him today , but the weight
of the mall bags was 1,000 pounds , anti be
said that this was all his eight-horse team
could haul on the gallop and that I must
wait for the stage of tomorrow.
The ship to which I crossed Lake Titicaca
is the largest and finest of the fleet. There
are three other steamers belonging to the
Peruvian corporation or English syndicate
which has a monopoly of the traffic , nail in
addition they have little steamers which
bring copper , sliver and tin up the Desagua-
dero river from the richu mining region of i
Oruro , The Titicaca steamer line was
founded by the l'cruviamn government as a
part of its transportation system , which , as
1 have said before , was the most expensive
ever planned or built. The first steamers
coat more than their weight in silver , They i
were made in England and shipped to the
Peruvian coast and thence carried on the
backs of men and mules over the Andes.
It was ten years after the ships were landed
on the coast before they gat to the lakes ,
and the English eugiueers drew salaries during -
ing the delay while bossing the job , One
of the larger ships was afterward cut in two
I and a section of hull fifty feet long inserted. !
This work was done by the railroad shops
at Arequipa , and time ship so lengthened is' '
used on lhn lake today. The smaller steamers -
ers plyto and fro from the lesser ports.
They visit most of the towns upon the coast
amid carry freight and passengers to the
numerous islands ,
The Sacred Isles of lake Tltlencn ,
Lake Titicaca has many beautiful islands.
Time most of them are reeky , ragged moun-
tnin peaks , which have their bodies under
the water and a thin coaling of soil on the
rocks above it. Eight of the islands are
inhabited , add these are cultivated to the
very tops of the mountains. If the United
States could be no carefully tilled as the
parts of Peru through khich I have traveled -
eled , where every available bit of land is
used , It would , I believe , furnish enough
food for all of the people of time world and
leave enough grain left to glut the Chicago
markets during a corner on wheat. Patches
of soil as big as a bedquilt are surrounded
with stones and carefully tilled. Illls of
hued between the rocks are green with
scanty crops of potatoes , barley and qulnoa ,
which are about the only things that will
grow at this altitude , end you see people
working on the sides of hills where they
almost have to hold of with one hand while
they nee the rude little hoes of this part
I of the world truth the other , This grub'
i bung for n bare existence goes on over the
greater part of the plateau in which Lake
Titicaca lies. It Is the plateau which formed
the chief center of the Inca cly'llizatlon
which prevailed here when the Spaniards
fV
came. Lake Titicaca woe the center of a
civilization generations older than that of
the Incas , and upon Its shores still stand
ruins , so old that the Incas could not tell
Ithe Spaniards anything about them , and
only said that the mighty monuments were
made by a race of giants who lived about
this lake before the sun 'appeared In the
heavens , These ruins nretthosetwhich tic
near the little town of TlCthuanaco : They
cover an area of about jb'roc miles and
consist of the remains of massive walls ,
terraced mounds and ( he ruins of a great
edifice which 1s somethnes called the temple.
This building covered about luur acres , and
It was made of great blocks of black stone ,
each thirty inches thick , The stones , like
those of the famed buildings of Cuzco , were
fitted together without mortar and were so
carefully laid that it was impossible to insert -
sert a knife blade between them. Front
these ruins some of time , most curious are -
o ehaeologlcal relics have been taken , many of
i the most valuable havl g been secured by
Prof , Adolfo Bandolier , who is spending his
life In this region as thu collector for the
New York museum.
Prof. Bandolier has made many new discoveries -
covories and investigations , about , Lake Tlti-
Icaea and he is inclined tQ believe that the
most of what has been published about some
parts of this region is alnost ) pure fiction.
He has spent months upoa Titicaca island ,
which sonic aulhorltles claim was the Garden -
den of Eden of the Inca mythology , the spot
on which their Adam and Eve first lived
upon earth and from which they started out
to found Cuzco and build up the race. According -
cording to this theory our first parents were
the children of time sun. There were two of
them , Marco Capac end Manta Oelio , his
sister-wife. On tlds account , so says Squler ,
who is one of the authorities on Lake Titi-
caca , the Incas considered this lake , and
especially Titicaca Isla\id , holy , They built
their temples here , had wdnderful palaces
and even brought soil to the island from the
mninhud in order that corn might be grown
upon the island. This corn , ro says one of
the old chroniclers , who Prof. Ilaudoller
thinks hind a very lively'intaginatiat , was
considered so sacred that when a train of It
itas put in one of the public' warehouses it
sanctified and preserved all other grains ,
and it was also said that a man who could
have as much us one grain of Titicaca Leland
corn in his storehouse wgtlld not lack for
food during his lifetime. , There are today
mammy ruins on Titicaca island , and the very
rock on which Manco Capao and his sister-
tvle stepped when they (11rst ( landed from
the sun is shown. This rock , says the same
chronicler , was once plated with gold and
Sept covered with a veil Tbo Inbabltanls
of the island are nowchklfy Aymara Indiana -
diana , who are said to be-descendants of the
tribes who were so numerous about Lake
Titicaca years ago ; 11'itey live In little huts
of mud or stone thatched frith straw , and
show no signs of having bad gorgeous temples -
ples or the more extensive civilization which
they possessed when the Incas were their
masters. They are Catholics and are superstitious -
stitious in the extreme ,
limas Of iJnV.
How would you like to rFail over Lake Erie
la a boat made of straw. I can see a dozen
straw boats from where r am writing , Some
! of them are filled with people and one has
a mule , a donkey and a pama In it in addition -
tion to Its human freight , The captain of
each boat is an Aymara'Indhan , who stands
up as ho poles the boat along , There Is a
boat over there which hap a straw sail and
which is sklmmiAK along Oyer the waves ,
} + 4
it
Those boats are of the curious craft known
as bnisns. They have been in use upon this
lake for more than 900 years and were found'
hero when the Spaniards came. Until the
steamers were brought in trey carried all
the freight on the lake , and they do a large
business today. I can hardly imaghie anything -
thing which looks more insecure. I tried
a ride in one of them yesterday and was
surprised to find that I was not turned out
futo the water. These balsas are made of
reeds which grow in great quantities on
the banks of the lake , and they are , in fact , '
rafts formed of rolls of reeds so tied and
woven together that they keep out the water.
Only a roll of reeds about time top of thee
balsas keeps the passengers in , and they
must sit fiat on the floor. These reeds are
also used fsr making bridges , ropes and
baskets. The people roof their houses with
them , and they are almost as important
plants to them as the bamboo is to the
Chinese.
' 19te Llnrttlls of the Amides.
Much of the freight that is brought to
Lake Tltleaca ! s on llamas. The word 1s
pronounced "yahmuab. " These animals are
to a great extant the freight wagons of
the Andes. You see them by time hundreds
everywhere on this Titicaca plateau , I
found them loaded with silver ore at the
mimics in the mountains of central Peru and
saw thousands of them feeding upon the
pampas over which I crossed on my way
Here. They are the most graceful beasts
I have over seen , They walk along the
road with their little heads high up in the
air , and seem to tread as though they
owned the earth. They have heads like a
camel , bodies like a 'almeep and feet and
legs IWo a deer. Thcy are not sulky look-
lug , like the camel , mid arc far more aristocratic -
tocratic in their actions.Vhen you load a
camel he cries like a baby. . The tears roll
down his cheeks , and as hp marches oft be
pouts and groans and groans , The llama
carries his burden with a proud air and
pricks up his ears for all the world like
a skye terrier at every new lhhmg lie sees.
Un will carry only so much , and the usual
load for llama is 100 pounds , If you put on
11)010 ho does not cry or groan , but calmly
kneels down awl will not move until the
load is lightened , If you nmke him angry
ho does not bite you , as does the camel
Ile merely shows his contempt by spitting -
ting upon you. 1 would rather be kicked
by a goyernmmmeut mule than ho spat upon byy
a llama , lie chews his cud like a cow and I
has a special reservoir somewhere in Ids i
anatomy well stored for such an occasion.
A llama's spittle smells worse titan the
weapon of the polecat , If once lilt , it is
almost impossible to get lime scent out of
your clothes , and no one wants to be near
you until you have had a bath and a change.
I find , however , that most of the llamas I
have bandied are gentle , and I have had
good opportunities to study them. They
are everywhere about me on this plateau.
Some are almost snow white , some are seal
brown and a few black and spotted. Their
wool Is very long and beautiful rugs are
made of It , The Indians are very fond of
their llamas , They pet them and talk to
them. They sometimes dye their wool
and often they tie bright colored ribbons
through their ears. They always walk beside -
side them when on a journey , stopping from
time to time to let the animals graze upon
the way , The wool of moat of the ponchos
wglch form time overcoats and shawls of the
people of this plateau is from llamas , it is
Spun by the women , who , whether tending
the flocks or walking along the road , al-
. .
' .QMwMr
ways have a spinning spool in their hands.
They weave the wool themselves , and out
of ll make all of the clothes of the fancily.
The llama not only clothes and through tile
money received ( remit him as a freight car-
nor feeds these people , but he warms them
as well , There is no wood on this high ,
desolate plateau. Wood all over the western -
ern part of Peru is very costly. In the
markets of Arequipa each customer carries
home a bundle of twigs or rather reels and
bushes with his vegetnhles and meats , amid
this forms the fuel for cooking the day's
meal. No one thinks of using fuel for amty-
thing but cookhmg , and none of the cities of
this part of time world have chhuneys , furnaces -
naces , heating stoves or fireplaces ,
Fuel Supply ,
On the plateau of Ilolivia in which Titi-
caca lies there are not even bushes , and
almost time sole fuel Is composed of the
droppings of the llama. Every but has a
Pile of this fuel beside its fireplace , and
the better classes of houses have special
quarters for it , La Paz , iviileh is a city of
nearly 50,000 people , depends entirely an time
llamas for its fuel , and the steam which
moves the dynamos of the electric light
plant of the city is created by a fire of
Mares manure , 'l'he cooking is all done over
such fires , and for this reason I have for
the time given up such things as broiled
beefsteaks and mutton chops , and am now
sticking religiously to soups , fries and to
all victuals cooked in iians , In this connection -
tion 1t seems a curious dlspensatioCm of
Providence that the llama lies one place
for making his fuel deposits. Ito uses the
same place every day when possible , and
tune manure is thus easily saved ,
Llamas have curious habits as to their
love affairs , The female I on told ptei.s
out the tunic whom sumo especially loves and
makes all the advances , Time nudes are bigger -
ger than the females , and I bave seen It
stated lhnt the latter are not used to carry
burdens. This is a mistake , for the freight
trains of llamas whichm I have seen , aftca
numbering hundreds , seemed to have almost -
most as many females as males , About
La Pnz I am told that the females arc used
as much as the males for carrying burdens ,
hut that the sexes are always kept separate
in the freight caravans ,
The flesh of time llama is spongy and not
of agreeable flavor. Still , it is euleu by time
Indians and llama stew Perms a fuvorte ;
disk. There are other animals of time same
class as the Manta v.htcli hue nu these
highlands , such as time vicuna ( pronounced
vlcunya ) , wlmich runs wild , and which is
not so large but macro beautiful than the
llama , and the nlpaca , grown chiefly far
its wool , and which la herded in flocks ca
we herd our sheep ,
FRANK O. CARPENTER.
GOSSIP AIIGU'V ' ( YI'In i'i ll'LJ : ,
General Ilernandez , the rebel leader In
Venezuela , who lies just been captured , is
known all over that country for his bravery ,
ire has been wounded In battle eighteen
times , has been twenty times captured by
the enemy and for a long time was aim cxllo
in Cuba.
Here is a late penplclure of Edison , Ibe
electrician ; "A gray-haired man with a
boy's face , round , rubicund , beatdless , rarely
unrippled by a smile ; sturdy of figure , with
a 7 % hat pressed down on a broad forehead ,
wllh clotidag loosely fitthmg , baggy , an appearance -
pearance about it , not of age , but of never
having been new ; with a scant necktie and
l nn uncovered expanse of shirt front liberallyt
besprinkled with tobacco juice. "
Jacques SL Core , the nom de plume of
Armand Rosenthal , the Paris journalist , who
died recently , is time phonetic equivalent of
"Jacques Sincere , " which in English would
bo "Truthful Jatnes. " Rosenthal was for
years the detractor anti defamer of America
In the columns of Fignro and the Paris New
York Herald. Ile ran away with the wife of
his benefactor , Lindau , and was tried about
three years ago on a charge of blackmuaillng ;
Max Lebaudy ,
Caleb Wright , who has just died in England -
land and ivho was a member of I'arllamnent
from 1585 to 1895 , began work at the ago
of 9 years. For twenty-one years he worked
in the same mill , golug tbrougtm time various
stages of promotion till at 16 ho was made
a spiuter. When about 30 years or age ho
started a spinning mill of his own in Manchester -
chester and made a fortune in tlmat bushieas.
lIe was the smm of a poor clerk at Tyldsley ,
who was time father of thirteen children.
1111 career would furnish forth a new chapter -
ter of Sanmuel Smiles' "Self-help" 1f that
distinguished author were alive to write it ,
Spencer Platt , American cmtanl general at
Singapore , has long been intimate with
oriental Intrique and ! s unusually sharp
willed. While stationed al Teheran , I'ersia ,
at one time a Parisian syndicate was arranging -
ranging for scone concessions tram time shah.
An enterprising American was on the way
to secure the same favors , The Frenchman -
man hnd time necessary documents at To-
hernn mid they were just about to receive
ofllclnl sigualure when Mr. I'latt raised the
point that tile Persian nclnater ; in Paris had
failed to sign the French copy of the papers.
The doeuments were returned to Purls for
correction. Meantime the American arrived
and secured that for which m ha canine ,
A Washington correspondent of the Pitta-
burg Dispateh says that in warm weather
Speaker Reed rides Is n street car to and
from the captitol. ire usually walks , partly
because his action is particularly graceful ;
partly to exercise his muscles and keep
down flesh , partly to escape the staring hq
suffers In a car , which is so annoying to a
man of hits modesty. When he boarded a
car rho other morning to go to the capitol ,
an unbaked citizen was scuted beside him ,
"Well , Mr. Speaker , " exclaimed limo mot
iii a loud tome , "when do you think the was
will be over ? " "Why , is there a wart"
drawled bleed , iii a tone of alarm , " \Vlmo's
j
been killed ? " "Ott , come now , really , I
want your opinion.Yhen do you lhbik ft
will be overt" Over whtere" said ] teed ,
and that ended time c olloquy.
The medal which lmas jujt been presente4
to Sl , Zola by his friends Is six incites in
diameter , aad hears on one side time profile
of ii , Zola , with the legend , "Ilommago a
lit , Zols , " while on the other side is a rcp'
resentntion of a thunderstorm , whim time sur ,
peeping out from behind the clouds. Acrosi
the face of the coin on time latter side Is A
pitrase used by Zola hm one of his articles hr ,
favor of Dreyfus. "Truth Is approaching
and nothing shall stop it. Emlla Zola , 1.
welgimit
January 1898. " Thu medal , which
five pounds , was cast hmatead of bejutrj r
stamped , in order to avoid copies having tc
be deposited with the government. Th
law only exacts that "stamped" coins ahal
be deposited , No duplicate of St , Zola'q
medal will be made , but smaller speclmeaq
in bronze will be stamped for the subscrib.1
era to the presentation fund ,
1
