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( iI ANI ) c cl'li'F ' ' I'UOEi\(4 llrl'lON 'I\l1E LAGoICN ) , t
EXPOSITIONS I F OILIER ) t1S
ono ( treat Fairs Chronicled in tim World's
Historici
CULMINATION OF THE EXPOSITION IDEA
flow t Ivllhsed People ilnve Grndually
IYarked Up la the 1'Inoe of
the ' 1'rnnstnIMMIMM I.pi
Shuts.
While exposlllons like those that have
been held In thls country within the last
decade are of comparatively modern origin ,
the ideas of development and commercial
progress that lhty represent date tar back
In the hlalory of nations. Our ancestors
a generation or two ago could scuci'y ,
ave imagined a scene like the ensemble
of the Tranbntibslsslppt Exposition , but
many of the features prominent in these
modern spectacles Dave served to tickle th ;
I curloalty of people long before a new world
was opened to conquest and commerce. The
exposition of today represents the modern ,
development of spectacles , hoary with an-
tiquity and inseparably interwoven with the
history of medieval ages.
So gradually has the transformation taken
place that It la dltUcult to decide when the
exposition , as we use the term , may be said
to have originated. The Idea was worked
: out to various degrees by many nations.
Each contributed such added material as Its
civilizations and surroundings suggested. It
I acquired an enlarged scope as trade and
commerce developed and the art of war became -
came a secondary consideration to the
eclencee and reciprocal commerce. The clc-
j mot of trade has played a part in public
I games and spectacles almost from the beginning -
„ ) ginning of the Christian era. Events that
' partake largely of the character of the mod-
era local fair were held in Italy early in
the fifth century , and even the Greek games
wore made the occasion for the display of
the wares of traders from the commercial
cities of the Mediterranean and the Orient.
Certainly these events can no mere be
classified as expositions than the English
f county fair of the seventeenth century. But
1f the same rule Is to be strictly observed
neither are the Paris expositions of 1878
and 1889 entitled to the appellation. Fa r
the expositions that have been held in the
United States during the past tot years
differ as distinctively from these as th °
Paris and London exposttions did from their
+ lose pretentious predecessors. American Ingenuity
gonuity has added many and importan t
features that have never been seen in an y
country , and to ho strictly accurate the exposition -
position of today Is purely on American In-
1 etitutlon , to which the expositions of othe r
countries have been merely steps town
'
development
I'nlrN Uoring 311dd1e AIeM.
Giving the term n broader Interpretation ,
the germ of the exposltlon may be said to
have been rlourlshed him the fairs that tigurc
in the commercial hlslory of Europe from
earliest development The lack of modern
facilities for commerce confined the bulk
of the trade to the annual visits of the
_ , L , mercliantS to various tblckly populated
points to which nobles and '
flocked to exchange their savings for
furbishings and ornaments only obtainable
through these prlmltlve markets , And
front the earliest times the mountebanks
nod clowus who lived by tbelr agility of
wit and Ihnb followed in the wake of the
nwrchants nud gathered iii the coins that
escaped their companions , During succeeding -
ing centuries these early faire developed
into events of considerable importance anti
according to the conceptions of the period
they answered their purpose.
These faire were introduced into Englan d
by Alfred the Great in 886 and many o f
then have Iigured prominently in the his.
, r. Cory of line nation , St. nartholomew's fair ,
which was held regularly at NoUinghnm for
n00 years , Is familiar to every reader o f
Ia.llsh ; fiction and the visitors who coat °
to Onuiha this summer will see sometldn 8
siudlar in one of the concessions in the
Midway.
'l'imo first natlonnl oxposltlon in England
was inaugurated by the Society of Arts f In
1761 , when a collection of prizes were offered
for the beat displays of agricultural and 1
ether mnchUtery. 'm'ho OXPosillen which wn s
given at llyde park in 1851 by the Eockc Y
of Arts under a royal commission a
the beginning of International oxpositlom s
and n distinct forward stop in commercia l
progress. The prlnelpsl feature of Ibis ex-
Itlbitlon was the crystal palace , which eov
eruct 1,000,000 square feet and incidentally
funugurnted a new departure in architecture
which has since cone Into gene
.exposition wns confined to four departments ,
consisting of raw material , machinery ,
manufactures and the tine arts
of 1110 exhibits was over $ ux , and the '
receipts exceeded by
$1,000,000 , TGIe decided success gave a do-
impetus to exposition building and
It was followed by another and oven larger
ettorprlso in 1862.
At the same time the French government
had been working along elmll r dial
toward the magnlfcant expo itlale
been the wonder o the world
in more recent years.
exposttlot of the French people
s o
was
erecting buildings especially for
the he t dismantled
chateau of St Cloud , which was
cently decorated with tapestries of c obellns
anti carpets of Savonnerle and with a
magnlticent collection f ,
was distinctively an exposition of manufactures -
ufactures , and It Is a tact significant of
the spirit of the times that the tirot prize
was a gold medal offered to the manufacturer
who should deal the heaviest blow to Eag
Ileh trade , unfortunately for t ezpe ta-
tiona of the marquis the revolution
over Parts Juat before the exposition was
about la open. On tlw very day preceding
tim e openlug he was ordered Into exile , to
gclhcr with lime rennindcr of the nobility.
lie lad the forethought , however , to make
arrangenenla to have the chateau protected
anti limn exposlttun was duly held In time tel
'lowing year ,
An international exposition held la Paris
lu iS65 was largely composed of time works
of living artists , but another of a broader
scope occurred UI 16G7. The 1'arfs exposl
liana of 167S and 1889 were atnmlg time most
celebrated events et the sort tint occurred
prior to the Cohnuhlnn exposition , and In
lSS9 It fa claimed that 32,000,1100 vlsltora
passed through limn gales , the greatest Hour
ben lint ever visited any exposition ,
1uie Ihv. nl E IIOMltianN.
Meanwhile time exposition hind become a
recognized feature of lime ludualrlal Ilfe of
nearly all the 1snrupeau countries , The
Ilrat expos ltiou of uuy hnportuuce thllt ac-
curved hl Aualrla was held in 1'lema In
1520 , and others were gh en lu Saxony , Uel-
giwn , Russia null various other continnlnl
countries , 1)ublht ) has also been the scow
of several lupmrtuit expositions , tad hoer
on Australia entered the field and large and
s uccessful exposlllons were given nl Melee -
b oo anti Adelaide. Ihu lug the last
t wenty years they lure uudtiplicd and developed
veloped with lreuieuduus rapidity , atul
s carcely n year now paaaca without from
ane to three expusitimis of geuernl notorlcly.
In 1582 expositions were held in Ucrltmi amid
Alascow , lu 1889 at Amsterdnol , in 1585 at
Antn'crp fwd iii ISSr at Edluburgh and
Lircrpaol.
R'hllo the Centennial was the first really
great exposiliotl that a as hold In the United
S tates , tide country hue since lieu carried
ua ny' mho first honors ! n exposition work.
Pxposillaus that presented
ninny commend-
a ble features were held iii Louisville in 1583
mid in New Orleans hl 1899. The World's
lair set n neww pace ! n 1893 , and added the
concession liter , now recognized as one of
the strongest features of
an expo-
altlot. The expositions at Atlanta ,
Sim Francisco and Nashville were
largely copied trop the Columbian exposition
w ith the addition of n ( en' nose ideas and
iron the comhlnal experience gathered by
these clfarte time Trausuilsaissippl showw has
o val veil lime ntosl complete and well mnuded
e xposition hl proportion to Its size that the
world has ever aces. IYhen the results of
this expnaitlol are kuuss'n it airy be lnle -
esting la compare them with the records u (
the alx Aral
international
expositions up t o
anti Inclulllug time Centoullal nl Phllndel
phis , They were all opal from live to si.
mmilha anti tin alllcinl repm ts ahoss th e
f ollowing elnllallcs :
Acres , Exhibitors. Attend
London 1851 , . . , , , . , , , 21 17,000 G,039,19
Purls , ] 55 , , . , , , , , , 29,5 21,779 5lrw',33
London , 18G2 , . . , , , , . , 23.6 2SG53 6,211,10 3
Parts , 1807. . . . , , , , . . , 37 50,226 10,200 000
1'leuun , 1Si3 . . . . , , . , . 40 92G1i 7,2WhV , 7
I'hlludelphta , 1576 . , . , GO 60,000 , 9,910,96 6
The statements of attendance itt the bile
ceeding expositions are glvol as follows :
Parts , 1878 , ,16,032,725 ; I'arls , 1889 , 32-
(1 ( 00,000 , , Chicago , 21,000,000 ; Atlanta , 9UU , -
000 ; San I'rw clsco , 1,97G,1100 ; Nashville
11 0(1,01)0. ( )
t''AC'1's AIsOU'I' tEIAIIA ,
Fourteen rallrunds rut into Oniaha not 1
hvu o [ then have their hendqunrtora he o ,
The Omaha 1'uhlic library contains eve r
60,000 volumes , anti an art and curio coffee
flan t nhled at $1,000,000.
The aggregate capital of the Omaha Job
bing hnuaes le $10,00D,000 Their nnnun I
( b uilt exceeds $90,000,000. ,
Omaha has the finest puhllc school build
lug a ( any city in lime west. The total s ahu r'
of Its schools Is $1,600,000.
Ihulscon park slay be reached by In kin g
n ao/lhboiuld ear nn Sixteenth Street '
Rlvcrview park zany' be reached by a south
hound car nn Thlrtcerth street
Omaha has eighty tulles of paved street s
anti 120 udlea of sewers. It has : UO mile ,
ofs'uu'r undnN , with a pumping capacity n f
26,000,000 gallons ovary twenty-tour hours.
Om alma is raPldly beconung n mtutunotur
1118 Cr'II1PI' . ' '
l'IW
111n1'1'Illl'nl l0 9r'CnrU II1t1il11
faetlrea l ° only of recent growth , but thi
annual product of local manufactories al
ready exceeds $ SOD00,0D0 ,
More thna 60,000 cars of stock were r u
celvcd nl mho Union Stock yards in South
Omaha last year. Thai rood ° utitut of the L
P acking houses was E75,000,000 mud it st II I
ho largely hlcrrnsed this ytar.
Thu Lluinger Art gnllcry cc aIaIas one o f
Iho uwst culohrnled cnllectiona of Pninling
In limn world. It le located lean thou bolt I
dazrn hlnrkx north from limn ally hall nnl 1
la open to the public nt stated hours.
Onlnbn hna over 100 miles of street rail
way llnce. Ally car flat rate north fro It
Farnam street trill take you to the expnsl
Tina grounds ,
EI'ECTRIC LICIIT AND PIIII'ER
Plans for Ilhuninations Never Before At-
tel11)ted Anywhere.
DAZZLING EFFECTS FOR EVENING VISITORS
laeelrlelly Drnxva Upon by the 'l'rnnM-
IIIIMMIMMIppI ExtIMItIIIII far Itch ;
In Nenrlp Every Coueelv'-
itblc Fornl ,
The lilting for the Illutninatlot of the ex-
posltiou have heat completed on a scale of
beauty that will challoigo the admirntlol of
everyy visitor to the grounds. lfngniilccnt
as lhu scene appears in the day time it will
be eclipsed by the marvelous transfer ma-
( ton that will occur when the vast expanse
of architecture glows under the soft
m ail o [ ] lie electric h arps. Thousands
of incandescent lights will throw their
luxurious effulgolcu over every outline of
hulldlng told landscape and the on utbined
ogee [ will exceed the power of words to
describe. Arc lights vlII not he used , as
their harsher light , cannot haruudze with
the effect that is desired and the entire
ilhludnation In Ilie nutln court will be
( amaished by thousoutis of Incaudenceut
bulbs , which will coutbllle lo , create a
veritable realm of beauty. Every feature
of the classic architecture will he outlined
with lights. They viIl glow along the
cornlcea , itrottlld the vIildows and t he eais
of the tail cohmms and eruliliasize time
beauty of every arch and pinnacle. A row
of columns , each crowned by a cluster of the
tmush ucetl bulbs , still surrouuil the lagoon
and another row similarly crested will stir.
round the first at a pnhlt just ottsido the
circle of pavement. Their combined Juste
svhll shed a rndinnee softer , but infinitely
mare beautiful than time midday sunshine
and with the cool
Nehrask t hreezes sweep-
lug up the bluff nod exgnislte niuslc floating -
ing across the grounds an tvenhrg visit to
time exposition tvlll Icas'e un impression that
can never be forgotten.
Time electric fountain
than occupies
a con-
apletlmla posltion in the Mirror in front of
time government building will be one of the
most ad utirumble effects In IIlwninathoii.
This consists of a hinge column on a base
represcutlug the prass a of four Norse
vessels and suruouoled by a statue of
Neptune. Gmmernhle jets of water still
spout around the foot of the column and
in time midst will bo a chain of water lilies
time calyx o [ each wnsisliug of a single
electric bulb. The effect ut the many
colored lights will be to invest limn Jets with
all the colors of the rainbow and limn effect
1111 be enclanthlg almost beyond colcep-
( limit.
} Nell Ialld PIaaN.
The geuernl plans for the llluminatlon
a ere outlined by Luther A1 , Stcringnr of
New York , who was engaged as consulting
electrical engineer by the exposition man.
ageunent Air. Steringer has occupied a
ainlilnr Position in connection with the expositions -
positions ut Chicago , Atlanta and Nashville ,
and ho declares that the general Plans of
this exposition have permitted a phut of ii-
that is tar superior to any that
huas been installed al any previous oxposi
tion , The lnstallntion of the systen hits
beau ht charge of 1ory Itustln of this city ,
w'ha suns appointed superintendent at eke-
trio light uuul power last Novenmber , Mr.
Ruetin inuucdlately suet [ to New York ,
r'where ho spent a week in ceneullntlon with
Mr. Sterlugcr , anti at that time limo plane
were tonnulnlcd that have now been worked
alt to cnmpletlon , It Is n somewhat rmunrk-
ahle fact that although very little had been
done lit mho way of lime construction of ( Ito
1
Do NaT NEGLECT YouR EVES ,
flan nlethuds at U + .ling night urn
Ihu Infest. moat uppras'ed , SA1'
IS1'A"i'iO ( Gt'AttA ' 1'ila ) .
he Jibe s nfof d o ,
Leadhig Srlenflar IlptirInns ,
1408 FARNAM ST , , OMAHA.
Opp. i'axton IIntel.
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SUOOTING 791E CiLUTES ,
buildings nl that time , the original plan of
IIIunUnnllon hna been corded out fu o'm'y
partlculnr.
ll'hen Mr. Itustln returned ( rout New York
he appointed lt. L ihuttou as his naslstant ,
anti the Iletnlled enlculntfons of wires and
circuits modes of nrrangemeit , locnUun of
apparatus , etc. , was begun , Soon utter time
nrrtnmgenmit of machinery in the power
house was fatten up and n plant has been in-
s talled that excels In capacity and equip-
meat the electric plants of mty previous
exposltlon , except that at the World's fair.
Ul January Alr. Rustle w omt to Nashville ,
where lie purchased such of the electrical
m achinery as could be used to advantage In
Omaha. IL was found that n large proper.
flan of lime wire , sockets , poles , etc „ were
lu good condition and thirteen contends were
p urchased and shipped to this city , Line
cork was then begun , and in February the
tlrstsfring was Installed Iii the ] tines mid
Muting buildlug Later on four 125 light
me machines were set up , thus making it
possible to push the work night : old tiny , and
the electrical coustrucllou was pushed its
rnpiQly ne the buildings were ready for ! l.
I n Point of Bute the installation broke all
records for ehnllar work , and on May ] ; t
the first lighting up test was node.
I. t"I'S .tllOU'I' 'I'1111 IE18 ItUILDIXG ,
'rime lice iuildlug is the Iluest oillce bulid
hug west of time MississIppi.
.111 the svhidow glass in The nee building
1s o [ lbe heat heavy plate.
The beautiful central cold of The flee
bulldlng is forty-three feet square.
The pinnacle of the skylight is 120 feet
above the floor of the court directly below it.
The building consists of eight stories and
hasemcrlt Iii ( rout , seven stories ( rant the
side.
There are seventy-four lire and burglar
proof vaults In various parts of The flee
building
The lighting and plumihing are features
in which The Dee building excels. The
greatest care has been taken to afford the
best possible saultary urrnugcmeuts and
there is not n dark room lu the building.
All the power anti light used ht The iteo
buildlug Is geierate8 by its own machinery
in the basement.
The elevators In The lice hulldlng run
dayy and night , never stopping the entire
twenty-four hours.
The Uco buildlug is fireproof throughout ,
the eullrc construction being of granite ,
brick , steel , fire file and nmrbie.
Tutu excavations for the Uee building were
heguu lu September , 1SS7 , and two years
were consumed in building the structure.
The flee bundling prides Itself upon the
best Janitor service of any ofilco buildlug in
the city , or In any cityy for that matter.
The lice bulldiug occupies one-fourth of
an entire idnck. It has n frontage of 132
feet on i'auimanl street anti the same on
Seventeenth.
The entrances raid marble stairway. In The
flee bulldiug will coulpare for impressive
grandeur with those of nag ulliee bulhling
In I lie commit try.
The lice buildhug was designed by S. S.
Ileeman of Chicago. The same architect
designed the Mines and ] fining bulldlng for 1
the Tratlsndssissippi Exposition.
Two small turrets at time top of the Far.
nmu street front are 115 feet nbove tine
sidewalk. The luscriptlmt letters , 'The flee
bulldiug , ' extending hetweelt theut , are of
terra cotta.
Trite granlte , which coDq + oses the walls of
the basement and ( Ito first story , Is front
IS'aupaca , 1S'is. and in color and quality. It
is considered fully equal to the ftmtols
Scottish granite.
The root of The Bee building Is of solid
brick and weights 375 tolls , It Is supported
on solid steel beams nail all the tratllc that
passes on Fnrnaum street tuight travel over
1t without creating n treumbl ° .
The Bee building is owned by The flee
Building coutpany , a corporation organized
in January , 1SS8 , The authorized stock is
$500,000. Time ofilcers of The lice Building
calnpauy are : E. Itosewater , president ;
George U. Llningcr , vice president ; N , P ,
Foil , secretary anti treasurer.
Official Machine
)1jiiL ) Exposition. of the
1 f'
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.t f I
, ' ' 't'e sell everything
As. t lA rr , ,
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truly good in TI'PE
p t ' 'tat ty : ; IIRl9'ERS 7tncl SUPPIJE1.
B GausF : ,
J , .OTHr )
' t B INGS'
r TYPEWRITER AND
FASTEST
HANDIEST ,
BEST FOR CORRESPONOENf
' AND MANI.FDLDIND. ' , , , a „ ' Ibl2 I arnam St „
. . '
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I a DENSMURL IIrLn RITER [ u. 3 NEWYORK .
tl v ; tKrOMAHA : : , NEBI
Procession on Douglas Street the [ Day of Layin o the a +
Corner Stone of the Exposition.
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.1u.t as you .ee bl the picturee no one else In it but SC ( ) l IIiL1) wbru It conic , to
thehotn t prlecou Clnalt. , Suit. , I'll ' ms and Ladles' ( ii mitIII legs , malting
151o Douglas Strcot , OMAHA
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'l'ima ulw\'L' I. it emit of the /lalrh + l Soinrntr Spann , 9'hr .e .tNinn. earn. 1n two . -Ern hail
i'naee..terihig silver uIIi gold bowl I rite fur tea pi u . fI i5 to t.rdt ; en iTee.poun. .Ivry , } L:5 to f ,00.
The concession for the above tvim eeured fly tilt well-ltnown Jenelry lieu of
GEO. faP. RYL1N t CO. , xao ( South 1C3tb. I5t. }
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St. Lours Terminal of the Missouri Pacific Railroad.
Only direct line into the Omaha Exposition Ground