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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (May 1, 1898)
THE OMAHA DAILY BKEt SfftfDAT , MAT 118fM. CUBA'S FIGHT NR ) FREEDOM History of the Origin and Progress of the HaTolntion , WHERF , WHN AND HOW IT BG\N : Cnlinti Clnlm nnd Simtilili .Hitmen The liiniiru'-nt CojniiinmlrrN ( Jrunn- Irntlitn nt n Oo rrnincnl , .Military OiiLTiitloim , Klc. On 'February ' 2 , 1803 , an Insurrection broke out In three of Cuba's alx provinces , writes Charles 'M , Harncy In the St. Louis Globe- Democrat. The rising had been planned long beforehand , and It was arranged to tike place In all Iho provlncca simultaneously , but was prevented In half of them by several causes the delay of the local Insurgent icad- ca , the non-arrival of the expected arms , the discovery of the plot by the government and other reasons. The Insurrection took place In Matanzas , Santa Clara and Santiago , but 1'lr.ar Del Illo , Havana and 1'uurto Prln- clpo did not rise. Nevertheless this rising of February 24 , 1893 , waa destined to differ widely from all the rebellions In Cuba which preceded It. It waa not a revolt , It was a revolution. Etor alnre the close al the rebellion of 1868-78 the Cuban chiefs had been preparing for another Insurrection. Spain Iwd refused to grant the reforms which had been prom- l ed at the meeting of the Insurgent leaders with Campos , the governor general of Cuba , at Sianjon. In February. 1873. It granted Homo of them. Slavery was abolished and a concession was made to Cuba In the direc tion of self-government. The latter , how ever , was only the shadow of the reform which waa promised , and both tlieso conceo- elons were long delayed. Iut ! If Spain had granted all the reforms which had been pledged and had granted them Immediately , the revolution would have K'cn merely post poned and not averted. lido from these concessions all the abiiECs which existed before the rebellion of 1SCS-78 existed at the beginning of 18U3 , and some o ( them had grown worse. The debt fastened on Cuba by Spain was $200- 000,000 , which was about $123 for each man , woman and child In the Island. The tariff and Internal taxes saddled upon Cuba bore upon her populace with a weight undreamed of by the people of the United States In the height o ! the war taxation cf 1801-fij. The extortions and Impositions perpetrated by Spain with the object of raising a reve nue in the Island aecmed Incredible to the nvcm ? outsider when learning of them for the first time. Coupled with these outrages there were an Insclcnce. a corruption and a general shlftlcasness and Incapability on the part of the Spanish olDclals which In spired r > mong the Cubans contempt as well as hatred. The colonial system of the se.v- cn'.ecn'.h century , under which colonies ex isted 'or the sole benefit cf the mother country , regardless of the colonists' welfare or wishes a system which had been dis carded by every other civilized nation on the globe was In practice In Cuba with all the rl.ors and brutality of 200 years ago , when the Cubans , in 1893 , raised the ban ner o ! revolt. DATE OF THE UISINO. This was the situation at the outbreak ci the nresent revolution. The date of the rising , which waa postponed once or twice on account of unforeseen obstacles , was at last llxoJ for February 24 , 1893 , and It waste to occur In all the province * simultaneously ; tint , for reasons mentioned earlier In this article. It took place In only three of them Santiago , Santa Clara and Matanzas though It spread into the other three sub- gcriucntly. Several tlmen within the first twelve months the Insurgents made forays to i\ point close to the gates of the city of Havana. These were for the purpose of Im pressing the American people with the revo lutionists' strength and of securing a rec ognition of belligerency by the United States. Sunday , among same , of the Latin race. ? and their offshcotr , Is a day for enterprises of great pith and moment. Sunday , the 24th day of February , 1M > 3 , the bannnr of freedom was raised In Cuba and this tlmo It was dcatincd to stay raised. ( Manuel Garcia , a chtcftnln of the previous war , gave the sig nal for revolt In Matanzas. but was betraytd and killed. Oilier bands of Insurgents , how ever , uniting with Oarcla's men , fled to the mountains and became the nucleus of rebel parties which collected from all quarters o' itho provhicc. A-planter named Brooke , .who waa subsequently killed , headed the largcul it the bands Jn Santiago province which roar , on the 24th. Hlie.se and a few scatteied par ties which appeared In Santo. Clara province constituted the rebels who took the flold on lhat fateful February Sunday. Nearly all fled to the swamps or mountain' } Immediately , BO as to consolidate.- , organize and form planis of campiign. They grew rapidly In mimben In the first few weeks. At some points the government troops attacked and chased the Insurgents , but these , in meat Instanced , easily eluded their enemlca. Occasionally de sertions would take place from the govern ment troops , chiefly the mllttla , to the In surgents. At one point In Santiago province , in the spring of 1893 , the greater part cf a force of 500 of these soldiers wont over In a tt > ody , carrying their arms and ammunition with them. Early In March there were about 5,000 Insurgents In the field In the three provinces named and these maJo raids on plantations of Spaniards , capturing cattle , horses , food and sometimes extorting money , lloforo the Spanish government , with ull tin elaborate s\stem of espionage , end notwith standing the revelations made to It by Cuban traitors , could grasp the situation. It had a rebellion on Its hands wfrlch waa far mere extended and formidable than any of tr-e previous Insurrections. INCOMPARABLE HATRED. "Mo hatred in the world can be compared to that of the Cuban for Spain and every thing Spanish. " wrote the Italian Marlottl In his book. "The Pearl of the Antlllea , " In 1R72 , near tbo middle of the ten years' war. This hatred wvs Intensified after the close of that struggle by Spain's treacherous be trayal of thq confidence of the Cuban lead- era in their acceptance of the compromise of Zanjon a betrayal , however , not chargeable - able to Camprs. but to the Cortes , incited by thq Spanish populace. "Tho Spanish Bottlers. " said the same writer , "own very .U.HY WHEN DRESS Finery for Other Women , Looks for Men. A MIXTURE OF ENVY AND AD MIRATION. It Is sad that a woman tlres'cs for thn envy ft other women und that she arranges .lur hair and cans for her complexion for itho admiration of men The. llrst state ment may be open to argument , but there can l > u no doubt but what her charms frcm tlio waUt up am d'.slgn d by nature mid herself to attract tlrj men Her cum- leun : U we.-nun's chief care , and yet how futile are hsr JYorts In ma it cases. She takes ton etJ an 1 usiui lotUnii without stint , but how well she kna.tliat the trouble Is lf.ir deeper and more serious than uny uur- ifana Indications. Trn real fact Is that tow women arc exempt tram more or la's womli troubles Some are painfully ulclt year fter year , nnd their ability to withstand ths paliu -each mouthy sickness or fal.lnp or tne womb , or Ivuccrrliota or any of hut ether numerous afflictions Is to bo wonder ed nt. Her failure to secure relief and n return to health U duo to the prevailing no. thn that she must pour drugs Into bet stomach. Thti Is all wrong. There Is n rcrnf < ly thai euros uny form of 'weaknes-a or wornl troub e but It U rc-'pll < 1 direct to the purts nnd Juat as scon as.voman | . waken up to the fact that ahu can euro lienwlf tit home privately by this lorn ly applied remedy hei ! inln , slcknoai ar. l ( wariness will leave her , ThJ rumvly Is known as Hazollne and car I > Q obtained In Gcnahi of < iruRUti * nt 151 : IX-dgo street , 151 South 15th street nnd al 1V.3 Furnum stru , t. Sdnio women are In dined to l > n illilid ; nt about asking for r momane remctly at a tlrug store , and Ir uch ojsofi by sending one tlollor direct tc theHaze.ltw Co. , South IVnJ , Ind. , the ) will mall n pickng ? of Hnzellno direct. 1 > > nil mains get th'li remedy anJ try it. tint1 to MO today. Write to thit llrm ami n > them to mall you their tro book , which KX- t > ! alm fully why Hazcllno cure * nertr Iho nun * of ( he Undcd property * rM of the movctblo wraith of the country. They hftve largely the trmlo of Havana In tholrj hind * , partly In consequence of their nu- pcrlor thrift and activity , but In a , great meaiure owing to ( ho privileges anil manop. , oiks awarded them by a partial , graiplnR and unicrnpulous administration. " This Is a very mild statement by a writer partial to Spain of the hatred of Cubann for the Spaniards , and of one of the rcaxons there- { for. and this Is not the principal reason , i There U , and alwayi has been , a broad line of demarcation between the two great clo-'j ments of the Cuban population the Creslcs and mulattocx on the ono hand and the Spaniards on the other between the Instl- Inrs and the peninsulars. Though the In- pillars are largely In the majority , the pen insulars are the dominant clement and have run the Island without any regard for the Interests or desires of the natives. Cuba's political system was , when the present rcvo- luttcn started , government of the Spaniards , by tbo Spaniards , for the Spaniards. About 1875 the Cuban chiefs of the ten yeiru' war began making preparations for anew now conflict. In 1890 the preparations took practical shape by the organization of revo lutionary clubs In various countries on this continent , but particularly In the United States The moat active spirit In this work from 1S90 onward wa.i JCSP Mart ) , who as a youth , was put In chains by the Span- lards near the end of UIP war of 1863-1S7S for sympathy with the Cuban rebels ex pressed in some newspaper writings attrib uted to him , At the beginning of lS95t the number of these clubs In tlio United Stated , Mexico , Cuba and Central and South Amer- lea was estimated at over 150. The clubs collected war subscriptions , bought arma , eomo of which were ' 'tored ' In thp fastnesses of the Insurgents In tlio ten years' war ; enrolled and drilled volunteers , and set out Intelligently and systematically to correct the mistaken of the earlier revolta , and to organize a rising which would bring suc- cc-y. 'It was figured that at the end of 1S04 the Ctibin revolutionary clubs had In their possfsslon a war fund of fully $1,000- 000 , and arms , some of which were secreted In Cuba , for 8,000 men , pirt of which arms were of the best modem make. LEADERS NEEDED. All that the Insurgents now needed wan leaders and an Intelligent plan of harmonious action. The former they soon got , amd theao quickly devised the latter. Antonio Macco , the most daring of the rebel chief tains of the ten years' war , landed In Cutu on March 31 , a little over a month after the rising took place , and with him were bis brother , Joe1 * Maceo , FrankAgramonte , Plor Crombet , ono of Antonio Maceo's old com panions In arms , a fen other veterans and about 100 younger volunteers. They arrived wild an expedition from Costa Klca , and brought with them a quantity of rifles and i-'ome tarnon. Maximo Gomez , the com mander In the latter part of the war of 1SOS- 78 , landed on April 13 with an expedition of 100 men from Haytl , ono of whom was Jose Marti , the chief organizer of the present re bellion , and most of their companions were veterans of Gomez's earlier struggle. About the tlmo of 'Gomez'e ' arrival a provisional government was formed by the Insurgents , with I'alma as president , Jcso Marti as aec- rotary general and diplomatic representa tive abroad , and Gomez as general-ki-chlef. Antonio Maceo waa subsequently made fec- end In command , with the rank of lieutenant general. - i Klance will now be taken at the Span ish forces. At the time the rebellion be gan Calleja wv.s captain general of Cuba and commander cf Spain's army on the island. Calleja had 9,000 troops capable of taking the field , though , on paper , the num ber on the Island was estimated at 24,000. From I'orto Hlco 2,000 troops were shipped to Cuba early in March , 7,000 were sent from Spain and 5,000 volunteers were raised en the Island. Calleja , at his own request , was removed from the post of captain geu- cir ! and Campos , who commanded In the Islan- during the latter part of the war of 1SGS-78 , was put In his place. Campos' work In Inducing the rebels to surrender In 187S by the treaty of Zanjon , In that year , gave him great i > restlse In Spain and his com parative mildness In conducting that war hp.i wen him the regard of his eld foes. Campos arrived In Havana on April 14 , 1895. A few days afterward 20,000 additional tro ir : landed from Spain. The 7,000 troops sent from Spain In March and the 20,000 In April wore the beginning of the Inflowing stream of scldlers which continued , with short Intervals , for the next three years , the l.'si contingent arriving about the middle cf April , 1S98 , a few days before the be- Elnnli'i of the blockade of Cuba by. the American navy. Including the troops In the Island at the beginning of the rebellion Spain sent 215,000 soldiers to Cuba from carin ! March , 1895 , to the time in which Its ncrta were shut up by American ships. U is estimated that the number of Span ish troops In the. Island now Is 95,000 , about COono o ! whom are outside of the hospitals and fit for duty. Thus 150,000 have died from Insurgent bullets , the machete or from disease , or have been shipped back to Spain physically wrecked. Equally unfortunate were Spain's commanders. Calleja was dis placed by Campos on April 14 , 1895. Cunpos gave way to Weyler on February 10 , 1890 and Weylcr , through the pressure of the Ameri can government , was removed October 2 , 1897 , and Dlanca put in his place on Octo- , bcr 23. It is estimated that the rebellion , up to the beginning of Dlanco's service , six months ago , cost Spain $230,000,000. CAMPOS' FUTILE EFFORTS. Campos , Immediately after arriving In Cuba , began vigorous work to restore peace. He carried the olive branch in one bane and the sword in the other. Reforms am' the line of these promised In the treaty ol Zanjcn , of 1S78 , but not carried out by tbo Spanish Cortes , were pledged and new con cessions were offered. Pardon , too , was ex tended to all the insurgents who would lay down their arms , except to the leaders. Il those terms were rejected the campaign was to bo pushed actively along the whole line , and the rebellion crushed. Neither threats nor blandishments availed , and the great pacificator met with rebuffs and re verses from the start. Nearly all the reb els were In the eastern provinces of the Island when Campos arrived in Santiago , Puerto Principe and Santa Clara but dur ing the rainy season , in the summer and early fall of 1895 , the Insurgents worked thcilr way Into the provinces o ! Matanzaa , Havana and Plnar del Rio , making n dem onstration la the outskirts of the City of Havana In December of that year. Fights except in the rainy season were of almost dally occurrence somewhere in the island , but most of them were skirmishes of a fe.v dozen or a few score corrlbaianU and had no perceptible effect one way or the other. During that year and ever since the Insur gents often received reinforcements of men and supplies of munitions of war from the outside world , principally from the United Sta.es , although the United States had sev eral vessels constantly on the lookout to head off fiUbustem. All the Impvinan' Cu ban ports were In the Spaniards' hand.i fro.n the beginning , tut tbo 1,500 miles of coast could not bo guarded by Spain's few and Inefficient vessel and rcores of latvllti" : places were found by the filibusters , which wore not mirked on the crdlnary map ; ? , but which were well known to the Insurgents and convenient for 'them. SOME HEAVY FIGHTING. Some heavy fighting was done In the prov ince of Santiago In May , 1S93. The two Maceos , with 1,200 men , surrounded anj al most annihilated 400 Spaniards , near Quau- tan'imo ' , on 'May 14. An ojcort of COO Span- lards accompanying a provision train to Uay- omo were dispersed by 800 Insurgents on May 15 and their train captured. May 19 , near DOT Rica , Jose Marti , with fifty men , was decoyed Into a narrow luvlno by a traitor. Colcnel Sandoval , with SOO Spanl .rds , wa led to the spot and In alternating to cut their way out Maul and nearly all uls mc.i were kllleJ. Gomez , with 700 cavalry , tr- rlvtM on the scene just as Marll was killed and he , tco , was defeated. Flor Croaibct , one of the chieftains of the ten yaara * war , wca killed near IMlmerlto five weeks before Murtl , on April 13. He commanded 300 men , put cit Maceo's forces , and was surrounleJ by 2,500 Spaniards. Hln lei < s , like that of Marti , was duo to treachery , tlicugh In a dif ferent form , ea Cromiet was killed by one of his own men , who escaped In the fight , but was caught afterward by Macco ant ] hinged. The loss of Crombet and Marti wta the severest blow dealt to the Insurgents un til the killing of Mncea on December 4 , 1S96. During the rainy season of 1S93 the Icsur- genta pushed their wuy westward , gaining a few victories and meeting with some Ae- feats. In Puerto Principe , Sinta Clara ana Matunzfs. November 17 Maceo , near tbo city of Santa Clara , la the province of t'aat name , with a force ot 1'JOO men. defeated General Navarro. who had 2,800 men. and Go mez , on the 19th and 0th cf that month , with 3,030 luea vonquldhed 4,000 Spaniards not far from the name place. The latter wan < hc h tvlt t and mojt Important battle ot 1895 , except the ono fought on December 23 , In which Campos hlmnclt wan defeated. Pushed utradlly backward by the advancing rcbrla under Oomez , Campos made a stnnl on that day at Coltaeo , In the province at Matanza ) , with a force mtlmato.1 . it 10,000. Gomez's army waa said to number 7,000. At drat the Spaniards were nucccmful , but on the'arrival of 1,500 Insurgent * , whlln the bat * tie was In progress , Gomez ( "barged the Spaniards , set flro to a cano field In which the Spaniards attempted to make a flank at tack and drove them from the field an 1 Into Havana province. This fight of December 23 , 1895 , was the Urgent and most Important battle of the Cuban war thus far. It gave the Insurgents a free entry Into the moro west ern provinces , led them to carry the war for a few < Uys to the Kiica of the dty of Ha vana , created a panic In that place and wai the chief cauao of the removal of Campos and the placing ot Weyler In command. The year 189G opened hopefully for the Insurgents. "Hie residents of thu City of Havana were startled by the report of Gomez's cannon shortly after the defeat of Cam pea , and were terrified by the light of burning houos belonging to loyalists , which Gomez's men had fired. Gomez and Macco captured large quantities of arm.i In Havana and Plr.'ir del Rio provinces .early In Jto- uary , 1SGG , and three successes Incited a strong movement In the United States to grant the Insurgents belligerent rights , but this was opposed by President CleveMnd , ta It was subsequently by President McKlnley. WBYLER'S CAREER. A new and far more barbarous aspect wao given to the war on the SpanUtt side after the arrival of Weylor , who succeeded Cam pos. "Popular opinlm , " said Campos , just after hLi removal , "believed that a mild policy should not bo continued with the enemy , while I believe that It should be. Tht'Jo are the questions of conscience. " The "mild policy" ended when Campos left the Island. Wcyler reached Havana from Spain cm February 10 , 1896 , and 18,000 troops nrilved soon afterward. The Span ish forces ki the Islanl then numbered 130- 000 , with 80,000 volunteers raised In tbo Island. It was estimated , however , that 40,000 of the regulars were unlit for duty. The Ir.-urgcmt forces at the beginning of 1890 wore put at figures ranging from 25,000 , up to 40.000. On February 17 Weyler I isued two proc lamations. One of those enumerated cer tain classes of offenses for which a penalty of life Imprisonment or death was attached. Tde other required all the Inhabitants of the province. } of Santiago and Puerto Principe and the district of Sanctl Splrltus to go to the army headquarters and get documents proving their Identity , forbade any peraon from go'mg Into the country without a pass from a military commander , and revoked all the pei'mlls previously given. This was the beginning cf a series of decrees which established tbe barbarous concentration and starvation policy that awakcaed the world's Indignation , provoked the wratli of the United States , caused the pressure by Presi dent McKlnley on the Madrid government which forced Weyler's downfall and created the public sentiment In the United States which has resulted In ( intervention. Woylcr's first Important military act waste to establish a trocba , which was a line of obstruction and defense stretched across the Island frcm north to south. Campos ha > l es tablished two trochas , both raining north and south , but neither appeared so formid able as Weyler's or was relied on , both In Madrid and Havana , to accomplish EO much. Ono coincided closely with the bound-jry be tween the provinces of Santiago and Puerto Principe , and itho otheir was close to the 1'ne separating Puerto Principe from SarJta Clara. The firrt was intended to Isolate the rebels and confine them to Santiago , Cuba's easternmost province. The second was de signed to keep the rebels , who had crosseJ from 'Santiago ' into Puerto Principe from KoJtlns late Santa Clara province. Neither tvanler was effective. Weyler's trocha was In the western end of the Island and ex tended from Malana to Marlel , near the di viding line between the provinces of Ha vana and Phvir Del Rio. This trocha , which was established In the latter part of March , 1S9B , wus for the purpose of preventing a Junction between Maceo and Gomez , Maceo being In Pluar Del Rio at the time and Go mez and the main body ot the Insurgents being In the provinces east of that line. Between Majano. and Marlel the Island Is at Its narrowest , or less than thirty miles wi5e. Block house ? . smaH- forts And earth works were erected at TnV"Interscctlon of roids , barbed wire In lines eight or ten feet hth wore tretched across the fields , and it Important strategic points were trenches anil Latteries ? of artillery , with 1,000 or 1,500 men , all the posts being In communication with each other. About 40.000 men were sta tioned along the trocha , and 10,000 more troops , divided Into todies of from 1.000 to 2,500 , principally cavalry , scoured the prov ince of Plnar Del Rio In nearch of Maceo. THE FAMOUS TROCHA. Woyler's trocha , however , was not much of an obstruction. Cands of Macea's men creased It backward and forward several times , and some of Gomez's Immediate com mand did thU more than once. Maceo , on April 11 , 1890 , with 3,000 men , crushed ono ot Weyler's column * which was In nearch of him. So many Spaniards were tied up defending the trocha and looking for Maceo ttat 'Gomez ' and the other ( tilers east o ! that barrier had practically a free hand for a large part of 1896 , gained many victories , and were In virtual control of three-fourths of Cuba outside of the seaports and of a few important Interior cities. Gomez won a battle tlo at Najasa , In Puerto Principe , on July 9-11 , after a fifty hours' fight. Alternate victories end defeats for the Insurgents In the central provinces occurred throughout the latter half of 1896 , the victories largely predominating , however. Weyler'a chief efforts were made to cap ture Maceo , who was shut up In Uie west- em province , Plnar del Rio , and , after the defeat of several ot his commanders , ( IQ took the field In person In October , 1896. In _ a series of attacks on Maceo's fortified posl- i tlons In the mountains , beginning on No vember 11 , the Spaniards were repuhed , Weyler retired to Havana and the inhabi tants of that city were disheartened , espe cially 03 bands from Gomez's command raided Havana province up to the city's gates. Something occurred no Ate give Joy , al though the Joy Was but momentary , to Ha- vaca and iMaJrld. This'was the dcalh ol Antonio Maceo. Oa 'December ' 4 , 1890 , Maceo , with hU staff and a small fcree , crossed the trocha for a conference with Gomez. Near Punta 'Brava Maceo's force was ambushed through the treachery of cne of his men It was said at the time and forty of the force 'were ' killed , including Maceo. There was re. jolclng la Wejler's camp and throughout Spain when the news of the death of the Cuban Phil cfherl'an was reported. The slaying of iMaceo , however , made nc pliy.slcal change In the fortunes of the bel ligerents. General Ruiz Rivera , a veterao c-hleftaln , succeeded Maceo , and carried on the campaign on .Maceo's llr.es.He harassed the Spaniards , occasional- ! ) destroyed forts along the trocha by dynamite , end evaded pitched battles with the mere uurnerous bodies of troops sent against him , but waa captured 'on ' March 23 , 1897. On the eaat cildo of the trocha Gomez and the other in surgent leaders kept up their forays Into and through Havana province to the end of the year. Despite Weyler's proclamations from time to time that the ceutral provinces were "paclfled , " the rebels were stronger anl more confident at the close of 1896 than they had over been before. L/AST BUT .NOT LKIYI3T. The year 1897 openol hopefully for , the Cuban.At the same time Weyler's forces showed considerable vigor during the early morths. Intending to cad the rebellion be fore tbe rainy season began , if possible , Campos bad said about this time , In an In terview in Spain , that unlors the rebellion was soon crushel the Uulie-l States .would Intervene. A desire for Intervention or the recognition of the Insurgents as belliger ents , or both , became strong among the people of the United States , and It fouad vigorous expression in iho newspapers and in congress. Concurrent resolutions for the recognition ot Cuban belligerency passed tt > o senate on February 28 , 1S90 , and went through the house on April C by a large rrajorlty In wch case , but President Cleve land did not act on them. Recognition sen timent was still moro pronounceJ In 1897 , Thinking that President McKlr.ley and the republicans weald take a stronger position cgalnst Spain than President Cleveland am ! tbe democrats held. Weyler made a supreme e.Toit to end the rebellion before March 4 1697. Falling In this ho was dolorm'aei tc put It down before December , when the reg' uUr aerclon of coneress was to begin , bu < lie waa baffled at every point. Rccd\cd to carry tbo war Into Africa ' ' ' ' ' 1 r'1' Weylrr entered fltitl ito province , the In * Burgcnli' oirllcti { aitncsa , ' < i June , 1597 , with A trcng < of Infantry and cavalry , bv > t the ret < : l flvilml hlj nupcrlor farce , ! H rawed the ciltily In bU roar nnd maJu a tash ! Into HaMnlF province. Falling back In July , Gomez laid a trap to capture Wcy- lor. but the latter ( soaped. Woyler'a Cuban career , however , was near It * end. Premier Caumus , who had ap- tolnte < l him , and who Indorsed his policy , Including concentration and all Its a'tro- ' tlcs wen fs cslnntd on August 8 , 1897 , anl the Sagaata llbeial ministry , which fucccodctl the corser\atlvo olblnot. In responseto prcMuro from President tttcKlnley , rcmovctl \Vcvler. Ho was recalled on October 2 and Blanco took his place In tha latter end of the month , DLANCO'S REGIME. Under Illancifs regime an attempt was made to return' fj the milder policy of Cam pos , but It wasUot carried out. Some ot the rigors ot the dnccntMtlon barblrlty were abated , but very little perceptible difference was made In the actual condition ot the people ple affected. Deaths from starvation and disease continued at about the same rate as under the Weyler administration. It If esti mated that the mortality from tnera sources along to the beglnnlug of 1S9S exceeded 200,000.- ' The rest of the story of the events In con nection with the rebellion since Blanco as sumed control last October may be quickly told. Dlanco'a military efforts were ai < un successful as thoee ot his three predecessors 'Calleja , Cumpos and Weyler. November 27 , 1897 , the Madrid government officially published a decree granting autonomy to Cuba , but the Insurgents rejected It and ( Min ister de Lomo In a private letter which got to the public In February , 1S98 , confessed that it was a sham. ThU letter force.1 De Lome's recall. > \ few days after the letter was made pub- lie. or on February 15 , 1898. the United States battlethlp Maine , anchored in the harbor of Havana , was blown up and 2C6 lives were lost. This hastened decisive action In the United States , although the actlco was far from being precipitate. The action took con crete shape by the passage on April 19 of resolutions demanding that Spain t'hould ' get out of Cuba or the United States would force her out. Sraln refusing to get out peaceably , the United States stalled In to carry out ILs promise. Cuba was blockaded by American war ships en April 22 , the president called out 125,000 volunteers on April 25 and a for mal declaration ot war against Spain waa proclaimed the same day , Thus three years , two months and one day after that historic Sunday on which Gomez , Maceo and Martl's men raised the banner of -revolt - their rebellion became a revolution. STOHIKS Aiuiirr "Somewhere In the south " , says Congress man I3ulloway , "a bright colored boy ap peared before the- Civil Service commission to bo examined for the position of letter carrier. 'How far Is It from the earth to the moai ? ' was the first queutlon asked by those who were to determine the young man's fitness for the place he sought. 'How fah am It from the earf to do moon ? ' echoed the ap plicant. 'My 'Lawd , boss , if you's gwlne to put mo en dat route I don't want de Job. ' With that the young man grabbed his hat and left as though he were olused. " While ! u IHavana some time ago General Diadloy T. Johnson of Virginia was ono evening sitting In a cafe where a number ot Spanish offlcers were dining. One of them saild to him : "One of our ofllcera says he could laiad a brigade In Florida anJ march straight to l.Vow York. Do you think he could ? " "That depenlls , " said the Virginian , looking the questioner In the eye. "If lib men > went peaceably along the road they could do so , but If they got to stealing chick ens the police would , of course , take them Into custody. " , f Recently Speaktr Reed wishoj to see a men on eome pendlngTlegislatlon , and telegraphed for him to comd \Washlngton. . The man took the first train , available , but a washout on the road made It Impossible for the train to proceed farther towards Its destination. GoJjg to a telegraph station ho sent this dispatch to the 'speaker : "Washout on the line. Can't come. " When Reed real" " the message he sent back this reply : VBuy a new shirt and come , anyway. " " " ' JoliiTAllen who "Private" of Mississippi , U now serving "his seventh term In the oa- tlonal house ot representatives , gives this characteristic reason why he never touches liquor : "Of couro , If 1 drank at all , I should have to Indulge while stumping my district. 'Now , you Justthlnk _ what would happen tome mo If , whllo ch a stumping tour , I should take a few drinks and then attempt to sar : "Fellow citizens of Itawamba , or Oktlbttha , or TIshomlngo county. ' Ivly finish can be easily imagined. " Ono of the best examples of the great In ventor iE.llson'8 wit Is recorded la an anecdotal biography of the great Inventcr hi the April Ladles' Home Journal : "A gentle man representing the building committee of a church called to see iMr. Edison. The committee 'had ' been uaable to decide whether to equip the church with lightning rods or not , and had sent to secure 'Mr , Ellson's opinion on the matter. " 'Oy all means , ' said 'Edison ' , 'put on the rods. You know , Provldecce Is sometimes abseat-minded. ' " Edward Lauterbach ( "Smooth Ed" as he Is sometimes called ) , is counsel for the Third Avenue 'Railroad ' company of New York. In a recent damage suit against the company ho endeavored to fhow that It was the plain tiff's own fault that the damage was In flicted , the principal wltncra for the dcfenae being the conductor ot the car. Course ! for the plaintiff asked If Mr. Lauterbach be lieved all tbo conductor said. "Certainly , " was the reply. "You have Implicit reliance In hU honesty ? " ' "I would trust him ab- uolutely , sir , " cried Mr. Lauterbach. "Tnen , said the plaintiff's lawyer , "I would like to csk you why a faro reglot r la kept In the car as a check to this paragon of bonesty. " The joke was on Lauterbach and the verdict was for the plaintiff. An open delivery wagon stood before a flor ist's in Washington , recently , and In It there \\i2H a great citxn made ot Innumerable yel low rcoes and jonquils , beautiful parts ot a hideous whole. About the cross hung a wreath of thorns , and a thoughtful woman panned when she espied the thing. She approached preached and examined the cross with grave Interest. "When Is It to be ? ' she asked In an awed voice of cno of the men In the wagon. "Huh ? " eald he. "When Is the funeral to be ? " she asked , still In an awed voice. "That ain't for no funeral , " eald the man. "That's for the Bryan banquet. " The thoughtful woman drew back. Her face flushed. Her voice loot Its note ot awe. l'\Vcll , of all the sacrilegious bad taste I ever saw , " oho said , and went her way. 121.12VATI.VU THU KLKVATOIt. A IliiMluii Symphony nil the I'IJH ' nnd 1)i > vrnN of Life. "Little boy , " sh'ei exclaimed ( so the non- ion .Journal reports } , "ycu ought to bo nt school Instead of tryjng to run an elevator. " "I'm not trying , to run It , " was the an swer. "I'm runningjlt. And If you wish to ride I will bo hrirty to accommcdate you. So far as any obligation to be. at school la concerned. nllai me to rttmlnd yen that this U a legal holiday , and I am exempt from at- ter.danco at an institution , where , I am pleasd to say. I'am at the hc\id of most of my classes. " J "You have no huslne'ss ' trying to run that elevator , anyhow. " "Yen couldn't very well run It yourself , could you ? " f "I'd rather try 1C than de-pond on you. " "For what reason ? " "Becauio you are too ycung to know any thing about It. " "Madam , allow me to reas'uro you. This p * vatcr Is operated by hydraulic pr sure , the principle relied on being that Mater ex- 1 crts 'presaure In proportion to the height of a column rather than In proportion to the tllami-ter. In making u e cf this char acteristic , water Is admitted Into a cylinder , the pressure being regul.ited by the use of valves and a stable equilibrium being made VUHslble by an Ingenious system of c'-unter- polsiM. I cou'd go further Into the minutiae of thl.s particular machine , which , of course , has Its variation' } from other models , " he added , aa eilve. garpe l In astonlsftinvnt , "but 1 doubt If you cc-uld follow the technical tornw whose use an accurate decrlptlon would ncce-SHltatc. 'Hut I wish to assure you that If. after what I have mid , you think you know merci about this elevator than I Jo , you un ? at perfect liberty to step in and take 1U management out of my hands. " ! A Small Spot May be Cancer ! "It was merely a mole at first , and for a long time was so insignificant that I gave it no thought whatever. " These words of a recent correspondent contain an accurate description of the first symptoms of the most violent and destructive cancers as they appear in nine cases out of ten. A slight scab , a small sore , a lump in the breast a mere spot , harmless as they appear for a time , have developed into cancers of the most dangerous and obstinate form. Cancer is becoming so prevalent that such symptoms as the above , which refuse to heal and disappear under ordinary treatment , may well be regarded with suspicion. Being a blood disease , it is folly to expect Cancer to be cured by a surgical opera tion. The knife never did and never will cure a blood disease , and every time it is re sorted to , a life is threatened with sacrifice. The only known cure for this dreadful disease is S. S. S. ( Swift's Specific ) , as ift shown by the indisputable testimony of the many whom it has cured. Mr. A. H. Craitsby , of 158 Kcrr St. , Mem Mr. William Walpole , of Walshlown , phis , Term. , says that his wife paid no at South Dakota , writes : "About thrceycara tention to a small lump which appeared in ago , there came under my left eye a little her breast but it developed into a , soon blotch about the size of n small pea. It cancer of the worst type , and notwith standing the treatment of the best physi grow rapidly , and shooting pains ran in cians , it continued to spread and prow every direction. I became alarmed and rapidly , eating two holes in her : breast. consulted a good doctor , who pronounced The doctors boon pronounced herinciurable. it cancer , and said that it must be cut out. A celebrated New York specialist then This I would not consent to , having little treated her , but she continued to grow faith in the indiscriminate use of the knife. vrorSe and when informed that both her Reading of the many cures , made by S. S. aunt and grandmother had died from can S. , I determined to give that medicine a cer , he gave the case up as hopeless. trial , and after I had taken it a few days , Some one then recommended S. S. S.and irritated and the cancer became began to little remained , she begun it , though hope discharge. This after awhile ceased , leaving and an improvement was noticed. The cancer ing a small scab , which .finally dropped cer commenced to heal , and when she had taken seven bottles it disappeared entirely , off , and only a healthy Httjc scar remains and although several years have claps > ed to mark the place where tho" destroyer had ' not a sign of the disease has ever returned. held full'sway. . For this dreadful disease is a real blood remedy one purely vege table , containing no potash , mercury , or other destructive mineral. S. S..S. is the only blood remedy which reaches obstinate , deep- seated blood diseases , and hence it is the only cure for Cancer. The disease can only be reached through the blood , and all local treatment , such as caustic plasters or a surgical operation , only adds to its tortures. Being often hereditary , Cancer , in some cases does not appear until middle life , and it is of greatest importance that its first symptoms be carefully watched and S. S. S. promptly taken. S. S. S. is purely vegetable , and is the only blood remedy guaranteed to contain no mineral or other drug ; it is not a drug- shop preparation , but is made from the roots and herbs of the forests. We will mail our book on Cancer and Blood diseases to any address. Swift Specific Company , Atlanta , Georgia. Georgia.Swift's Specific. JUNG BOYS A TRADE Apprentice Sjstcm in Vogue in Noted Eastern Ehops. THOROUGH "TRAINING AND DISCIPLINE lion- Skilled MnchlnlNlft Arc Grntlii- nteil from flic General Klortrlo , tlie Hue and the AVcstliiK- liuiiNf Mituufncturlntr IMuittM. This la a more formidable one nowadays than was the same question when applied to our girls a few years ago. In truth , as the girls have been making places for themselves , the boyo have becu correspondingly displaced. The fathers und mothers of bojs who are ready to take a wago-eurning position In llfo everywhere hear the eame statement about the profes sions belag crowded and the ofllccs being crowded and the trades being crowded , un til the boy's future becomes a perilous re sponsibility. In tbo face of this condition the efforts of some manufacturers to open up the way for young men and to assist them to equip themselves for the battle of llfo possess an added Interest. When the General Electric company estab lished Its enormous plant In Schenectady IciiS than ten years ago there was a great rush to get places for young men , beginners. For a few years it was possible for a man to buy his eon a scholarship It might aa well be called a scholarship for the sum of $200. Tno boy could then work and learn all he could without wages , while his father sup ported him. Later the company decided only to take college graduates of an electrical course Into their shops and thus give tham a chance to supplement their technical knowledge with practical experience. Even In this case the wages are a merely nominal affair. The Westlnghou'ie Electrical company of East Plttsburg and the Kofaort Hoe Printing Press company of New York City figure con spicuously In this field of practical philan thropy. Each his an enormous apprentice department. Among the thousands of emoky , grimy-faced employes who throng from the great printing press works at the clcso of day there are many young fellows with refined faces , many who impress you with the notion that their homes are In the line residence portion of the city , BO plainly do they contrast with the tough element , who regard them as the "tender-footed" fra ternity. "Wo never advise a boy belonging to the cultured classes to come here , " said the su perintendent , in an Interview. "Tho disci pline lu strict , the hours are very early and late ao well and the boy who has been pam pered at home usually finds the experience too rough for him. Unlesd his parents are very decided ho rarely completes the first year. " A HOE APPRENTICE. Mr. IIoo runs a night school free for ap prentices , and even If a boy Is a high schoil graduate be has to attend the night stdool the same as his colleagues. This school holds each boy tbree nights In the week. At C o'clock he Is presented with a meal ticket valued at 10 cents and negotiable at any restaurant In the vicinity. At 0:30 : he Is duo In the class room , and until 8 o'clock he studies mathematics In their special bearing upon drafting and ma chinery. The first three months of service ho gocii In on probation , and he receives no compensation whatever. If ho can stand that test tie Is duly Installed , papers are signed by parents , end ho then draws less than $3 per week for the first year. There Is a steady advance In wages each year , and It takes five years to complete the courae. "Every valuable man In our employ haa taken the apprentice course , " said the ( su perintendent. "Tho members of the firm put their eons In hero when they are 1C at the latest. We haven't a traveling man on ( tie road who has not been graduated here. Every one of them can put on the overalls and Jumper and act up a complicated ma chine , doing the laborer's work as well as that of lue boss. Just because a young man goes through the cUopa Is no Indication that he must alwaja bo a mechanic. " A CHECK CERTIFICATE. The Wcstlnghoufte company In East Pitts- burg takee Into Ita shops young men who are college graduates ; they take In young My Country 'Tis of Thee We stand at the dawn of a new epoch In history. Over two centuries ago Jolw Sobleskl turned back the hordes of Asian barbarism and saved Europe to civilization. So In this war some hero will drive medieval despotism from our continent. From today America Is the champion of liberty us Europe has been champion of civilization. Who wStfltl 'ap'prccTale flicTsvents of this war and measure their results' must fcn familiar with the ward that are past. Ridpath's History of the World should bo the dally companion of every American man and lad. Read It to make your own comparloona with the past. Refer to it to post yourself on the comparisons you read or hear. The boy or man that reads the newspapers through the war with Rlilpath at hla elbow will bo well "versed in universal hlotor y when the- war is over. It Is a remarkable coincidence that our club should make this greatest of historic * obtainable at. half price and on easy paymcuts just now when you want It incut. SEND OR BRING A DOLLAR TOMORROW. A , "Tf Megeath Stationery Co. , u Omaha , Neb. Inclosed find $1 for membership In the History Club. Send set to address below. I agree to pay balance In 15 monthly payments. Name 8 Massive Volumes. 6,500 Pages. Nearly 4,000 Illustrations. Dy Joining the History Club NOW you secure a sot at half-price and on easy payments. The complete sot , eight massive volumes , 6,500 pages , 4,000 Illustrations , is delivered on payment of memberahlp fee One Hollar. Fifteen monthly payments thereafter , $1.50 tor cloth bound ; $2.00 for half-Russia , by far the more dura- bio and attractive , or $2.50 for sumptuous full morocco. Members may resign within ton days , and their payments will bo returned. Specimen pages , Illustrations , maps , charts , testimonials and full Information sent free. I MEGEATH STATIONERY CO , , OMAHA , men during the college summer vacation and pay them apprentice wages , which is enough to pay theU- beard If no'.dlng more. The Westlnghouso course takca four years. The first three months of probatlcci the wages amount to $2 per week ; the remainder of thn year to a little Us * than $4 , The second year he earns a trifle leea than $ C per week ; the third year about $8 , and the last year ! nearly $10 per week. The last year compre hends olx months' tuition In the drafting department - partment , and wfatn the apprenticeship ex pires the diploma , Instead of being parch ment , consists of a check for $100. The ex cellency represented by that check Is eup- posed to bo the key to any door through which skilled workmen enter. ! The discipline In all such Institutions Is necessarily en strict as military duty al J West Point. Rut It is that very discipline that promotes manhood. "VOUIIS VKHV THIJI.Y. " ! Convention * of'ConrrnpondrntM Which Compel tlic Hue of Certain Forum. Convention having oddly enough arranged that every one to whom wo write , whether to a parent or an undertaker , ( foal ) be called "dear , " the beginning of letters , ex cept with liyper-consclcntlous correspond ents , U easy. The only dlfllculty , gays Corn- hill Magazine , resides In the use of the posseislvo pronoun , since "Sly dear" in sup posed to carry more warmth than "denr" pure and simple , and It U sometimes not easy to decide upon the decree of warmt'n Inat one possesses , or wishes to appear to possess. The hyper-consclentlousnet3 which boggles at the Inaccurate employment of "dear" does not often persist after tlio teens. Tlio true dllllculty In most letter * comes at the end , so wide Is the choice of ndverbi with which the writer mny cxpresj lila feeling toward the correspondent. You may nssure him that you nro hli "truly. " "sincerely , " "faithfully , " "cor dially , " "obediently , " "humbly , " or you may prefix "very , " or you may Inuludo "love" or "kind regards. " m ordinary social lettcr.s -not to . " " " " - relatlvc.s-"truly" and "sincerely" make the running' , but there Is a world of worry In deciding whlc'n Is proper. At thn risk of being called eccentrle-thiit blessed palliative some persons tscapo from thesu anxieties by signing merely their miinca ; or they soUen the abruptness by IlnUlilnH' In a corner with "In haatu" and Initials. On this sublect I-KJwls Carroll saya : "If doubt ful v.-hcfner to end with 'Yours faithfully' or 'Yours truly * or 'Yours most truly * refer to your correspondent's last letter and make your winding up at least as friendly as his ; In fact , even If a slmro more friendly It will do no harm ! " This H astute , but It will not help In the casn of the jotter writer who Is answering nothing. Southcy , It may be rioted , not necessarily for Imitation , always dropped In "God bless you" more often fnrin not. In writing to the nobility one followa prescribed rules. These are to be found at the end of "Whit- nkor'H Almanack , " but one may live to a hale old age nnd never bo driven to consult them , What does Cuba look like ? Get The Heo'i portfolios of Cuban vlcwa. Only 10 cents a copy. Photograph * the same size would cost $20 ,