PART III. HE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE PAGES 17 TO 20.
ESTABLISHED JUNE 10 , 1871. O.MAIIA , SUNDAY MORNING , APBIL 4 , 1897 TWENTY PAGES. SINGLE COPY JTIVE CENTS.
SALE OF HIGH CLASS DRESS GOODS , SILKS AND LINENS
Imported H , W , Cor.
Ladies
dark
Silk Striped I6ihiml Douglas , colored
2 Wool Challle Calico c
OMAHA Wrappers
MONDAY IS
Monday ought to be the biggest linen day we have ever had ,
nnd Monday will bo tlio blpgost Hnon ilny wo have ever had. Monday wo will
offer the greatest bargains in linens sltico wo hogan these special sales.
During this past week we have received heavy shipments of
all kinds of linens bought by our special linen buyer at most remarkable prices.
All who have attended our previous sales have pronounced the bargains most ex
traordinary : at this sale wo fairly out-do ourselves in linen bargain giving.
Two cares of the finest Quality full blenched
Double Satin Damask
the regular ono dollar
quality , o Monday only na
long ns tfiey Inst lit CSc per
ytird. Only 10 pieces In this 69c
purrhnSp , no would ndvlss
nn early call , ns nt tuts
price they cannot last long.
Napkins
Over 2JO dozen of a celebrated manufactur
er's Napkins , full X size , -1- -
J3.00 quality , In ull the pol
ka dots , enow drops nnd
other popular patterns , no
tit $1.75 per dozen no better
Napkins ever sold for less
than three dollars
per dozen
Satin Derby Quilts
Two coses of Satin Derby Qullts.thqrcsu-
lixr $3.00 quality , bought
through a fortunate clr-
cwnstnncu at a remarkably
low price. We offer them
Monday nt $2.W each. These
Quilts are equal to any $3.00
high erode CJullt ever sold
price they will sell quickly.
Crochet Quilts
Two cases of Hates' extra
heavy Crochet Quilts ; this
manufacturer makes only
one kind , nnd they retail
the world over at $1.50 each.
They go at this
Monday Hale at
79 cents each
Table Damask
100 pleroH of
TUIIKKY GURBN TABLE
DAMASK.
These arc the Imported
goods that always
sell for 50 cents
They go Monday
at 25c per yard. . . .
German Napkins
Another lot oC these
GKUMAN NAPKINS ,
for hemming
cut ready
thenc are the snmc
grade -Na.'klns
. Ob
.1 , i - vcn > tirOi n ( lurry
at our first Monday linen
-sale , they go again at , each
Remnants
I
10,000 Mill nemnants of all kinds of Towel
ing , Huck. IJarnMey , Glass.
in fact all kinds of Towel-
IIIR , manufactured by ono
of Glasgow's most cele
brated mills , go nt'So
for the entire remnant ,
no matter
what length
WEIGHING TALL BUILDINGS
Method of Ascertaining the Gravity of
Modern Sky Scrapers.
ARTIFICIAL ROCK Till FUTURE FOUNDATION
Iiilluciici ! of the Sim on Ills
CM unit UHlliIliiK't UlVcct
ot MIL- Wind uii 1'roiivrly
lluari-d Structure * .
The city of the future will be built upon
olid rock. Modern conditions point that
way. The solid rock may not necessarily
exist nt the surface of the earth. If It does ,
HO much the better. If It Is deep under
ground the foundations of buildings will
have to be carried clown to It. The latter'
day bkyscraper and the practice of building
liovihCH of the very heaviest materials renders
this compulsory even now. There are men
in New York and other largo cities whoso
bolo business It IH to test the character of the
grouiU on which tall buildings are to stand.
They are experts , and no thorough-going
architect would trust to his own discernment
in the matter of his groundwork. In fact ,
the construction of skyscrapers has vastly
extended the calling of the architect and
compelled him to do some things of which
the constructor of bygone days never
dreamed. Most Interesting of these newly
dciiulred habits la the weighing of tall build
ings ,
The average perron might not fully ap
preciate the necessity for weighing a , tall
building. In fact , many people would calmly
nsseit tliat It could not bo done , yet the
practice of weighing Immense buildings ,
bridges , heavy ordnance and ponderous objects -
jocts generally , Is a science In Itself. It la
till done by computation , but tbe actual
veight of the structures Is accurately com
puted. In heavy ordnance not only Is the
weight coitpuied without putting the gun on
a tculeu , but the center of gravity Is de
termined \slthln such a tine point that when
hung on Its trunnions the gun Is so nicely
balanced that It can bo moved up anil , down
by the band of one man. Swinging bridged
which IIIOVQ upon a pivot , so to speak , are
eo accurately balanced that hardly a pound
of difference exists between the two out
stretched arms ,
DKTKHMININO THE WEIGHT.
It la necestaryfor an architect to know
the weight of his building long before It IE
put up. The character of nit : foundation-de
pends upon It. Yet the ttimatlon of thlu
weight la so simple a matter that an under
clerk or an apprentice In JM architect's of
fice Is often given the tank of calculating It ,
Ills grand total may reach , fis In tbo case of
the twenty-one-blory Suiety building In New
York , 50.000 tons' , or In tlio case of tome big
bridges like tbe one at Poughkeepala four
or lUe thousand tons. Ho will reach It , how
em , to within a few poundu , and lie \ > l | | also
bo able to nay Jiint whtre certain heavy
parts of the lo.id strAtu vlll bo nioet felt
How Is it done ? In the first place , the
weight of every piece nf material which U to
become part nf the structure is furnlaliccl by
the manufacturers. Whvther It bo 2-bor
Klrilcrs or white , lead , It Is oil brought Into
the total. Uven ouch an InMgnlflrant thing
la a difference in the quality and kind of
paint used may nuke a ton of difference In
the general welgLt of ( be structure , Every
Three cases of
Scotch unbleached
Ttvblo Unmask , that always
soils for : i"ic , go Monday at
17flu per yard
Two cases of extra
heavy 650 gra'de of
Scotch Unblcncliccl Ttvblo
Damask , extra wide , go
Monday nt 2'Jc ' per yard
Three cases of the
best quality of Ger
man Silver ! ! lcacliPcl-Tallo
Unmask , novur&ola at IIRS
than ( Vic per yard , no Monday
only at 3i ) per yard
too dozen German
Silver Bleached Ta
ble Napkins , full sl/.c , reg
ular $1.40 crod.3 , go Mort-
ilny nt ! )8u ) per dozen
100 dozen small
Breakfast Napkins ,
the regular OSc grade ,
go for Me dozen
500 dozen Star and
Crescent Turkish
Towels , the regular 15c
quality , go at 7ic
100 dozen Honeycomb ,
extra large , Cotton
ela , regular : 12jckind , go
Monday at Oc each
too dozen fancy fring
ed Bureau Scarfs ,
extra long lengths , the 35c
kind , go at ! 9e each
i.ooo yards'Ot twil/ed /
and checked Glass
To-velins po nt 2Jc per
yard ; worth oc
+ rt- * L + n ttfcj 21& f1aTflgf * "
r.ooo dozen fringed
Napkins , plain check
ed and bordered , worth
up to lOc oaeh , go at
2jc each
An immense lot of cut
out Bureau scarfs , go
at isc each , the regu
lar 350 grade
rivet In the building is accounted for and
it the ends are fused , hammered down on
the opposite side of a girder , Instead of being
merely bolted on , the fact must be taken
Into account. Jf the roof is covered with
tin , ths solder which holds the plates to
gether l put dpwn \\elghlng so much per
Ingot. lu laying , the tin plates 011 the roof
tlie edges of each plate are lapped over the
adjoining plates to the extent of a quarter of
an Inch on all sides. This quater-Inch of
necessary lap addu a large number of pounds
to the general weight of the roof. So the
process continues through the whole build
ing , The weights of the clapboards , the plas
ter , the wall paper , the window glass , the
gas or electric fixtures , the cornice orna
ments and of the thousand and ono materials
and appurtenances which go to make a
building are considered and accounted for.
In the aggregate those * weights , summing up
In the thousand tons , constitute merely the
dead weight of the bulfcllng. Tha live weight ,
such as the weight nf the tenants , the fur-
nlturo and tlielr other belongings , must be
added to thn sum total.
WEIGHT OF TENANTS CONSIDERED.
An ofllce butffllhB with a capacity of 3,000
persons woulcj Jio- about 1G5 tons lighter at
night when It is'deserted than In the day
time when H Is occupied. In offlco building
It Is customary to estimate about 100 pounds
of llvo weight to the square foot. In resi
dences about seventy pounds to the square
foot are calculated upcni. In manufactur
ing flBtalillshincnts It Is customary to allow
for at least 150 pounds to the square foot.
The buildings themselves preps down upon
the earth at the various rates of from four
tons to the square foot to twelve or fourteen
tons to the squato foot. Thu tall St. Paul
building In New Vorjc Is estimated at the lat
ter figure. The Surety building mentioned
above. In estimated to exert a pressure of
six tons to the square foot.
A curloiiH part of this business Is the
testing of the ground on which tall buildings
are to stand. Nearly every tester has Ms
own method of ascertaining earth resistance.
Some do It by hydraulic pressure , some by
pile driving , HOinn by driving down Into the
earth a. "worm" uhlcli picks up dirt and
gravel and tand at various distances and con
veys them to the surface to bo examined.
The hydraulic method Is pursued by con
structing a box or casing , which Is fastened
tightly in the ground. In it a plunger ,
operated by water pressure , Is made to press
down upon the earth , The force with which
It presHfB on the groupd Is determined by Its
rcaUtenco to the Inflow of the water which
U ascertained beforehand. In driving piles ,
they are simply , forced 'down until they will
go no farther. This U done at various points
over the ground' on wblch the forthcoming
structure It to be bull ! . Of course , the depth
of this point of grvatept resistance can bo
marked off on the beam of wood which hat
gone down. Tbo worm resembles a cork
screw , It | hollow , ami an It twists Its way
down through the onrth the various strata
of the lattei nre forced up through the screw
In the order In wblch they are encountered ,
A perfect record of the , condition of the
ground , with the depths of ( ho various sub-
t/uu'C3 ur.oai tlicd-"Is obtained. For ver >
largo steel building ? , however , It Is neces
sary and safer to' rest the foundations on
solid rocks.
MAKING ARTIFICIAL HOOK.
This Is done by sinking cation hollow
tubes , wblch are forced or serened down
through the various claja and gravel to
hard pan. When Ihtio hollow ste l tubes
strike the rotk they are ( Irmly secured to It.
Then they arc fllleil with concrete. The
latter hardens Into rock , which la rendered
all the stronirecjjy Its efpel coating , and the
whole affair becomes a pillar of rock ,
aueMlied with sti-H. su3 extending from tne
Immovable b ik > one of the earth Iteclf to
the surface. The modern * lty scraper may '
then ho raid In many cases to stand upon
stllti. Nothing ran perceptibly alter Its solld. (
Ity uot even < he wind , the i way lag power <
81.00 Quality
BRIGHT
PURE SILK
Safin PLAIDS ]
in strictly all
Ouchssss wool Waffie
fnoctl , double cloth , Imported
width dress goods
In tuns , blues nnd ed to sell at
blticks nt. special 76o-ion special1
prieo for Iondny , sulo at
yic ) per yard 20o per yard.
'
f > 0 pieces of 54-inch
New Spring1 all wool CANVAS CLOTH ,
the $1,00
Debeiges quality in
in invisible black and
checks and now
blue ,
weaves navy
on Special Sale at one-half
nl 25c per price 50o per
yard. yard.
14-inch Strictly An odd lot of
ALL WOOL Fancy Dress Goods ,
in checks , plaids
J and stripes , in
in novelty cluding the bright I
weaves small
nnd largo colorings so stylish this I
designs , 7.r equality spring , in preen , rod ' |
quality , on sulo and purple comblnaf \
nt 39c per yard. lions , on sale on main
lloor at Oc per yard.
BLACK DRESS GOODS.
500 pieces of 44-inch all wool
J
in large woven designs , also wool and
Mohair Fancy Brilliantine these are
silk finished goods and retail up to $50
yard , in Black Goods Department at
3Qc per yard. - *
2OO pieces of all wool
FRENCH LIZ ARD ? - - . .
CLOTH NOVELTIES-
in new spring designs , * 54-inch black
Canvas Cloth and Twill .Serges during
this sale at 500 per yard.
At 75c and g8c some excep
tionally high class Novelties
in black goods department
at reduced prices for this sale
of which cannot compete against the truss
formation of the structure Itself. There Is
one power which does it times arrest the
stability of the sky scraper. . This Is the sun.
The Immense amount ot Iron In the struc
ture Is acted upon , and tp a certain extent
expanded and contracted as the raya of
the orb of day change tte direction , hut
not enough to cause any fear .of disaster.
In bridges , however , this eipanslon and con
traction Is very marked. In a concrete
floored bridge the whole structure will bend
backward and forward as the day p'asses to
the extent of one-quarter of an inch , but
In an iron bridge such as arc used by rail
roads the "draw" may go eoveral Inches out
of plumb. This Is the reason that on draw
bridges the railroad tracks are connected \ > i
flaring tracks or what Is technically known
as a Y.
FOUNDATIONS NEED GREATEST CAHE.
In tall buildings the 'greatestamount of
engineering skill Is required In the founda
tions. The building Itself Is after all a su
perstructure. It Is the foundation that re
quires the engineer's greotest nklll , for some
times the conditions are most adverse. For
Instance , In lower New JSTprk water is en
countered at very shallow depths and It Is
In this lower section that mosUof the sky
scrapers are built. Ttfo Commercial Cable
building Is eighteen stories high. Its founda
tion floor Is eighteen feet below the surface -
face water level , and at least ten feet below
the river level. Yet the lowest subcellars
are , so to speak , an dry as punk. It was
accomplished by means of the Intricate and
extended caisson system , The 'water Is
entirely excluded. When ouch low levels are
reached tbo contractor has really as much
to do In preserving the Integrity of the our-
roundlng buildings and Streets as bo has
In economically carrying- Ills excavations.
The laws are very stringent In regard to a
cave-In and municipal lawsuits are sure to
drain one's pockets. In eomo places , how
ever , In splto of the roost extended "shoring ,
up , " there la sureto bo ft curve In the
nearby street lines. Recently In New York ,
at a. deep excavation , a pel son could by going
some distance up gaze along the car tracks
and discern part of an Immense quadrant ,
formed by the tracks wbero they had fol
lowed the sinking of the ground toward the
excavation , . ,
Why does not a big building topple over ?
Is the question asked by tbo observer. It
'
would seem that the action of the wind's ,
rain , sun and elements generally ought to
cause It to fall. It could not fall for sev
eral reasons. In the first place , every part
of the structure Is bolted to the adjoining
parto by means of eteel rlvcUi , whlclfjjro
Inserted red hot , and which , as they cool ,
draw the variouci pieces of ateel together
with a force that almost accomplishes mole
cular adhesion. The building tliiyi becomes a
unit above ground. Uelow groyifd , " " as has
been pointed out , tbo calsspn y' tin ot con
struction admlta of no dlalijtegrutlon , On
the other hand , tbo line Inside of which 'tho
center of gravity exists lira'eo" far outside
the building that It could not possibly top-
| ile , The basement construction Is such that
the whole affair resembles a telegraph pole ,
which would first have to get out of Its
hole In the ground before It could fall. The
same conditions exist In turnstile bridges.
The base or pivot on which the bridge turno
Is eo broad that the outstretched arms could
not posHbly tilt the whole structure. In the
new Third avenue bridge In New York City
each arm extends out 120 feet beyond the
central turnstile. In order to topple , eufll-
elent weight would need to bo placed on one
arm to overcome the weight of the other
arm and the heavy central bate. At the
bridge weighs , all told , nearly 3,000 tons , this
would be practically Impotulble.
A piece of heavy ordnance la hung on Its
'trunnions merely \ > y calculation. The center
ot gravity of every part of the gun Is cal
culated first. Then the relation of these cen-
era to 'the general center to ascertained by
Computation. Engineers are able tp" deter
mine It within a amalU fraction of an Inch.
In short , the weighing1 of ponderous objects
Is part of a special sclejnce the science of
extremely delicate computation ,
-k TIIEppOHE WATERS.
' .LT- , , i < -
OUT OP THIS OHIHNAUY.
A Kentucky man has ) named his children
as follows : The oldest , 'Daniel Prdphesle. '
Vancaster Busteraqulroj Hobbob Bush ; thu
second , Charles William-Henry : Harrison
Dalton Houston Austin1 Bush , and the.
youngest , John Cornelius" Edward Vander-
bllt Bush.
One-tenth of the mil tooth part of a sec-
end can now bo exact y 'recorded by pho-
tography. The stroke of a hammer , sup
posed to be Instantaneous , tak-ea a long
time In this measurementjlnnd a flash of
lightning dawdles along as If It had tbo
spring fever. > >
F. F. iMdntyro of Shenjtodoah , la. , has a
horse with as fine a Jiiohsitcljo as any man.
It Is about tlireo Incites loftg" hi present , and
has been as long as six 3ncies. ) It Is lo
cated on the hoiso's upper lip , tuo same as
a man. The horserls a coal ; black , " 7 years
old and weighs 1,36(1 ( pqunch ) . When the
moustache gets long'-e ough to bo bothersome
Mr. Mclntyro cuts iUoff , , '
'
J. O. Caskey , who'own * a hog ranch flve
miles east of Phoenix , Ariz. , discovered a
nugget of gold'Imbpdded In the tooth of a
hog , not carelessly Imbqdded , but Inserted
skillfully , as If It had been done by a den
tist. He doesn't khotv where his hogs have
been getting their dental * ork done , but he
Is going to prospect.among them for raoro
gold. Ho regards .tliat bog am a piece of
float and thinks tna&thejedge IB somewhere
'
'
In the vicinity , ? .
The belief that HgbfnlnE will not strike
a feather bed was shown to bo mistaken
by an incident that occurred In Utlca , N <
Y. A bolt struck a chimney on the IIOUBO
of Charles Stcates , who lives on the Deer-
flold road. Part of It 'jumped to the house
of Bernard Husa and tore off the conductor
pipe. The other part vfent down the chim
ney , ripped the plaster and paper from a
bedroom and then struck a feather bed.
The bed was torn and ( he feathers scat
tered about the room. ; ; /
A young woman living ; In the country , near
Holsteln , la. , bugs , a pet rooster which she
claims has raoriKIntelligence than the average -
ago bird. Thls ; younK woman also lias a
friend who calls'to spend the evening about
twice -week. . On othrfr'lhau' Sunday evenIngs -
Ingswhen the friend stays later than 12
o'clock the rooster will' start to crow and
continue to do eo until the young man
leaves , tiut on Sunday evening no nolw or
alarm la given by the > et bird until the
daylight hour Is at hand The bird Is val.
uod at $100 by the owner.
The medical department of the Arkansas
Dwf Mute Institute Id "ifuiaJed over a case
which occurred at tbii-i ( > Iiee. Two years
ago Jennie Chlldress , aged 9 years , whose
parents reslda tq , iBard-counly. had a severe
attack of the meatlei. wtilch teems to have
paralyzed the vocal.Qre na , rendering speech
impossible , altj u b Her power of hearing
was not In the least affected. Last October
she was sent to the < l6st mute Institute.
For several weeks thettkd been under the
care ot tin Institute physician , I > r. Gray , but
he became convinced a' feW days ago that
there was no hope for ; the Jlttlo one , and
wrote to Mr * . Children that 1 >
could give no encouragement whatever
to Jennie's case. Her'pijwer of vocalization
seemed to be utterly gone beyond recall.
The other day Jennie wftwith a class of
Klrls , some of whom-'can ipeak slightly.
They were ulnglng the familiar church
hymn. "At the CrosV' when all were
astounded at Jennie , wb4 .broke Into the
chorus with a clear < onr. tb first wordi
ho had , uttered for over two jears. Later
she pronounced ber tc-acher'a name , and re
marked : "Mamma will be * o bappV *
SIL
10 pieces of two-toned fancy
Trimming
Silks
24 inches wide ,
at 19o per yard ,
China
Silks
all colors , on
sale at 25o yd.
Extra wide
Black China
Silk
One dress pat
tern to a cus
tomer , at 39o yd
Navy Blue China Silk
with large scroll patterns , so
very stylish for this coming
Summer , per yard
C and
. , .
i. v a *
for
TfiFFETA
Skirts
and Linings , extra quality , on
sale at , par yard ,
C and
FLOODS OF HALF A CENTURY
Some of the Notable Inundations Recorded
in the United States.
HIGH WATER MARKS OF THE MISSISSIPPI
UvHtrnctlvc Overflown in the Ohio , the
.MlHMOiirl mill Other Vnllcy
Great I.ONN of Life and
Properly.
Many memorably great Inundations have
occurred , ln the United States In the past
half century , relates the St. Louis Globe-
Democrat. The earliest of these of which
there Is any accurate record occurred In
April and May , 181-I , when the Mississippi
at St. Louis and vicinity touched a higher
mark than has ever been reached at any
other tlrno slnco this region has been set
tled. Many persons were drowned and the
loss of property was large. In 1849 the Mis
sissippi and Its tributaries from Alton down
ward again swept over their banks , caus
ing great damage. No trustworthy figures
are at hand of the destruction of life , but
the less of property In St. Louis and Us Im
mediate vicinity was put at $5,000,000 , whllo
It reached $20,000,000 In New Orleans and
Its suburb ] . It was the most disastrous vis
itation by flood which tbo latter city ever
had. The Inundation reached Its most de
structive stage on May 12.
A high water record for the Mississippi
for St. Louis and Its neighborhood was made
in the spring of 1857 , which was never
exceeded except In 1841 , and which has
n ver been equaled since , Tbe figures of the
losses vary within a wide range , but they
must bavo been largo for tbe period. The
four "hlgncsts" In the flood record of the
Mlralsslppl at St. Louis were these : In 1814
the river at St. Louis rose 44 feet and 9
Inches above the mean low water line , In
1851 It went to 36 feet and C Inches above.
lH 1857 It went tp 36 feet and 0 Inches , and
In 1S92 It scored 30 feet.
The bursting ; of a reservoir In Mill river
valley , near Northampton , Mats. , on May
10 , 1874 , Is well remembered by all those old
enough at thatj time to read the papers. It
destroyed large portions of several-villages
and 144 lives were lost. July 24 , of the
same year , a waterspout and rain atorm at
Eureka ) Nevy , w drowned thirty persons and
destroyed mu.oaproperty. Two days later
Plttsbiirg ancI'iAljegbeny , Pa. , were visited
by a trcraendoUsrain storm , which swelled
tbe rivers In thatVnelghborhood and drowned
220 persons. The damage- property was
put at $2,000,000.
MIGHTY SWEEP OP WATEH.
In 18SI needs In the Mississippi valley ,
the river at St. Louis reaching Its highest
point on Juno 12 , did Immense damage , es
pecially In Iowa , Illinois , Missouri and Ar
kansas. Tbe valleys of the Missouri and
Ohio alco suffered at tbe same time , the
losses being particularly heavy In Kansas
and Kentucky. Another deitructlve freihct
occurred In I to Ohio and Mississippi basins
a year later , culminating on February 22.
This ) lmo tbe lots of property and life In
MliilnlrpI was giieatef than bad ever been
known before In that quarter , and tbe gov
ernor of that state appealed to the country
for aid for tbe sufferers.
The Oblp river valley. In February , 1SS3 ,
w i vlilted by the nioit destructive flood
known iloce that region waa first settled.
On the 15th tbe Ohio at Cincinnati reached
1U tlgtieit point ; or ilxty-ulx feet and fourtlt
New Hats arriva daily from
the East , and from our own
artistio milliners.
$10.00aud $7.50
HATS and BONNETS
ehic nnd charming , trimmed with ex
quisite tusto in flo\vors , wines , chllTon ,
Batnvin cloth , etc. , take your pick at
$5.OO and $3.50
; aod TURBANS
trimmed strictly up tp.dnto with nil the
late materials , cheap as they arc stylish
for Monday , black and all colors , in an
assortment of straws
AT EACH
C
Inches , covering all tba houses fronting on
the bank of the river"and extending Into the
densely built part of-the'city for a distance
of several squares. The direct loss of prop
erty In , Cincinnati was 'put at $2,000,000 , and
In other parts of Ohio and Indiana 'and Ken
tucky It was estimated that$5,000,000 was
destroyed , while about 30,000 persons were
rendered temporarily homeless and depend
ent.
ent.A
A year afterward , or In February , 1S8-I ,
the Ohio reached a greater , height than It
did In 1883. I drowned forty persons In
Cincinnati nnd vicinity , and made 15,000
pcaplo In that locality homeless. The dam
age In the entire Oh'o valley was estimated
to have been greater than It was In 1883.
As In the previous year , the gas works at
Cincinnati In 1884 were submerged , and the
city for the time was plunged In darkness.
The Ohio at Cincinnati on February 14 , 1884 ,
touched the seventy-ono-foot mark , which
was the highest point ever reached by that
river at that place before or since.
LIFE AND PROPERTY SWEPT AWAY.
Now England , Pennsylvania , Now York
and Ohio suffered great damage by 'floods ' In
January , 1SSC. That was tbrf year In which
Montreal had Its memorabfpYlnMidntlon. In
which 100 persons were droyrn&vftjid
$2,500-
000 of property was destroyed , 'rjio Montreal
calamity occurred , however , three months
later than the floods In the United States
Just mentioned , or on April 17 and 18. The
most destructive freshets of 1880 , though ,
took place In Texas on August 20 , In which
many houses In Galvcston were blown down
by the hurricane which accompanied the
Hood. The losses In that city and neighbor
hood by wind and water were thirty-eight
lives and $5,000,000 of property.
The spring rlso of , the Mississippi In 1888
carried the river In some places to-a height
not touched before In many years. In mi-
nols the destruction Was great , especially
at Qulncy and Hannibal. The highest point
of that year's freshet was reached on May
17. Mexico had heavy rains and a destruc
tive flood a month later than this , in which
the loss of llfo was put at 1,500 by some ac
counts , and the loss of property at $3,000,000 ,
On May 31 , 1889 , tbo bursting of a reser
voir at Concmaugh lake caused a flood at
Johnstown , Pa. , recalling that at Mill lllver
Valley , Mass , , In 1874 , though It was far
more destructive. The wall of water trav
ersed the eighteen mile * between the reser
voir and Johnstown , in seven minutes. The
Pennsylvania railroad bridge at Johnstown
held some of the water back and collected a
mass of debris , which caught fire and In
creased thu destruction. Revised figures
put the loss of llfo nt.2,112 . and loss of
property at $10,000.000. .About $3,000,000 ,
won received from contributions throughout
tbo world and distributed among the suf-
ferera. .
MILLIONS IN THE DRIFT ,
In March and April , 1S90 , the Mississippi
and several of Its tributaries overflowed
grftiit stretches of country along their banks.
Thousands of square miles of territory were
submerged , many towns were Isolated , and
communication with scores of small settle
ments were cut off for weeks. Louisiana
wag the greatest suffcrfr ft iouff the states
In that flood. Congress volcfl a relief fund
at that time of $160.000 for the afflicted
throughout the Mississippi valley.
From West Virginia jn the east to Arizona
In the west , there wore destructive freshet *
In February and March , 1891 , Ohio , Tennes
see and MIsnUslppI being lilt hardest of all
the states , and Arizona of al | the territories.
In Arizona 100 lives were lost , $1,000,000 of i
property was destroyed and 1,000 persons I
rendered homeless. The Ionics In ( he rest
of the country wore estimated at Iho time
at 00 llve-s and $10,000,000 of property , I
The hlgli-wator 'record ' of the upper Mis-1
slmlpr/I valley for a tulnl of a century was '
broken In 1892. In early April the river and ,
Homo of Iti tributaries began to swell beyond
the danger point , but the highest mark wan I
not reached until May. Far greater ilmtrncI' '
on wai committed la ni around fit , Louis I' '
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than In any other equal area In the valley.
At. St. Louis the clanger point of thi ! Mis
sissippi Is thirty feet above low-water r.ark.
In 1892 the river rose six feut higher than
that , or thirty-six feet atiove tlio mean low-
water lino. On Slay 1'J this figure was
reached. Never slnco 1844 , except In 1S51
oind 1867 , was this height touched , but In.
those years It WES exceeded. The logs of
llfo In the Mississippi valley by the Hoods of
1S92 was estimated at 1,100 , and the destruc
tion of property was $12,000,000.
In 1893 Arkansas , Tennessee and Louis *
lana Buffered severely by flood In March nnd
April , and Missouri and Illinois were also
visited , but the damage In the last two
states waa smaller. 13ac.li spring since then
them have been overflows in the Mississippi ,
Missouri , Ohio and othei rivers In the Mis
sissippi valley , but In ncino of them was tlio
destruction of llfo or property anything lllfo
as great as It was In 1892 , and as It promise *
to bo In 1S97.
.
SOME LATK M3W THINGS.
A now device for use In the sick room con
sists of a spoon liavliig a dial In the handle ,
with the hours and half-hours marked on It
and an arrow revolved by a knob , to indicate *
the time for each dose of medicine.
Among tbo many new devices to nsslbt the
blind one of the best 'is a typewriter In which
the keys have raised letteis and which punc
tures the paper with either letters or the
dots contained In ono of Uio blind alphabets.
For the purpose of preventing r-corfplns
from coming out a handy now device Is com
posed of a small plccu of wire i oiled Into a
spring and attached by a chain or cord to
the tic , the pin being pressed Into the end
of the coll.
A recently patented safety cheu * fet banks
has coupons attached to the upper edge ami
each end , representing tens , hundred : ! ami
thousands of dollars , the. larger coupons ho-
Ing detached until the right amount la
reached when It Is deal red to use the check ,
Ono of the most handy wrappers for use In
doing up 'newspapers ' and the like IMS a
plutallty of slotB placed In a atralijht line
across the outside thickness of the paper , to
that when It in grasped In both hands end
given a slight twist crosswise It breaks along
this line ,
For the prevention of stealing liquids from
barrel8 by attendant ) ) In a store n new faucet
lion an automatic measuring , registering and
recording device which will show the uiuouut
drawn from a barrel , the mecluiiUm being
locked In a metal case to prevent tumporlni ]
with It.
IJarhed wlro for fences Is made cheaper by
a now process In which the barbs are stamped
out of the center of a flat atrip of metal aa
It runs through the machine , the barbs be *
lug so farmed that when tbo ends of two
wires ate brought together the barbs .Inter
lock to form a Joint.
A recently designed trolley-lino repair
wagon has a folding frame work to which the
platform U hinged , the front and back portions
tions of the standard being drawn torfnthcr
by a screw to raise or lower the plaiOrm as
desired , the whole resting on an auxiliary
truck when not In use.
Crutcbcu which can be arranged for either
summer or winter use have a rod running
down through the center of the lower end
of tbo crutch which can Ui projocioJ below ,
the rubber point whenever the ground be
comes slippery and withdrawn when It In
deulred ' to use the rubber tip.
To prevent the spraying of water n It
Is dlscKarged from a spigot a guard with a
reduced lower end Is fitted over the end ot
the spigot , the upper end liming rubber
washers to prevent leakage and the Interior
containing two wire gauze diaphragm *
through nblch tlio water rum.
Dr. Italau n , Scrfton of Sparta , Ken *
county , Mich. , Is ono of the tlilrty-iliirca iur
Vhois of tho'War of 1812 ,