f 7 ' . . M ' / ' ' /If/
2 THE OMAHA "DAILY BlUlOjSATlfKPA V , 7 A3UTA.TIY " 16 , 1807.
of the aggregate wealth of tlio ' . " * '
ftlaelppl states niul territories Li J20.000-
000,000.
The marvaloiM strides made In the ilctvcl *
opmcnt of llio transmUftUftlppI region nro
chiefly duo to the construction of rallroadii.
In 1800 thcro were only 2.100 miles of rail
road weal of the Mlsl lppl nnd only 20V4
mllMvcat of the MlMourl. In 1880 the rail
road mileage west of the Mississippi was
G2.CI2 rnllco. In 1890 It had reached 79.703
miles nnd hcforc the close of the present year
It willexceed SO.OOO miles.
That the population or this section has
kept pace \\lth the material growth Is evi
denced by the fact that In 1S79 the popula
tion wcat of the Mississippi was C,495,1C7 ,
and by 1S90 It had roachcd 15.170,215 a
growth of 250 per cent In twenty years. At
the close of 1890 tlio estimated population of
the country west of thu Mississippi was
20,128.200. The basis for this estimate Is
the \oto In the two last presidential elec
tions. In 1S92 the total vote for president
was 3,18Df,7SS. and In ISDfi the total vote for
president .was 3,053,780.
As a factor In the educational exhibit In
the exposition of lf > 98 the states wcat of the
Mississippi will bo able to furnish n striking
object lesson. They hnvo 121 unlvorslllts
and colleges and the number of school
hou'ss exceeds 02,000. The school popula
tion exceeds 5,700.000.
West of the Mississippi have been founded
some of the moat Important population and
commerce centers In the United States. At
the mouth of the Mississippi wo have New
Orleans , the commercial emporium of the
gulf states. In the center Is St. Loula , most
prosnorous of American cities , reaching out
clear to the City Of Mexico and Gulf of Cali
fornia with Its Jobbing trade and manu
facturing enterprise * ) . Up near the head
waters of the Mississippi are St. I'aul and
Minneapolis , the greatest milling and lumber
centers In America. At the Gulf of Mexico
lies Gnlvcston nnd near the Ulo Grande Is
San Antonio , bo'lh with n growing inter
national trade. In the heart of the corn
belt are Kansas City , St. Jcacph. Omaha ,
Slonx City , DCS Molncs , Topcka. Lincoln and
Council Bluffs. On the crest of the llocklea
Is miner , the Paris of America , ami south
of the Colorado capital are Colorado Springs ,
I'ueblo. Albuquerque nnd Santa Ke. lieyond
the Wnhsatch range Salt Lake City , the
famous capital of Utah , challenges attention
and points the way to the golden shores of
the I'aciflc , of which San Kranrlsco Is the
commercial metropolis , with Los Angeles
holding n profitable monopoly on the semitropical -
tropical fruit trade , which has assumed
enormous proportions. Then comes Portland ,
where flows the Oregon , nnd Tacoma and
Seattle contesting the supremacy of the vast
commerce of Pugct sound. Other Important
and growing commercial centers have been
established in the mountain states. Notable
among these are Boise City. Spokane , Ilutte.
Helena , Ogdcn , Laraiulu , Cheyenne and Dead-
wood.
A fair Index of the Intelligence and pro
gressive spirit of any country or section Is
Its newspapers. Measured by that standard
the tranamlsslsslppl states are the peer of
any portion of the United States or the
world. In point of character nnd enterprise
the great newspapcis wcat of the Mississippi
will compare favorably with these of the
most populous and progressive states. Thirty
years ago the number of newspapers pub
lished In the whole United States wra ICES
than 5,000. Now the number west of the
Mississippi aggregates pearly 0,000 and those
papers are illstrbutcd | through,22,060 post-
offices.
A more' detailed'review of the resources
and pyodUQlYO ( .enterprise , of the transmits-
stsslppl slate's is herewith presented under
separate heads for each state and territory ,
together with an outline of what each nifiy
present at the great Inteetato ; and Inter
national Imposition of 1S9S.
MJIIHASKA I'KKSS CI > .MMi.Vr.
Schuyler Herald : A liberal appropriation
for the Traicmlsslsslppl Exposition can cou-
fldcntly be c\pccted nt the hands of the Ne
braska legislature. That y.111 bo iv practical
way of standing up lor Nebraska.
Dorchester Star : The board of directors
of the TransmlcBlsslppI Expedition lias bfcn
beloeU'd , chiefs of the various bureaus ha\o
been appointed , and the work of pushing
forward the enterprise will nt once begin.
Ulalr Pilot : The Tranamlssteslppl Kx-
position booked to open In Omaha in June ,
18'JS , should be the pride of every Nebraska
citizen , and every Nebraakan should take
prl-lo In promoting the objects of the ex
position ;
Ogalalla Noua : Rvrry newspaper In Ne
braska should lend all possible aid In sup
port of the Transmlsslrslppl and Interna
tional i\posltlon. : It will bo second only to
the World's ( air of any similar exposition
over held.
Gretna itcporter : Now for a Transmlails-
slppl i\-po ltlon. A long pul | , a strong
pull , and a pull all together will make ft the
nioatcst tliavf ever held In America outside
of Chicago In 1893. Put jour shoulder fo
the wheel.
Lincoln Now licpumic : The Transmlscls-
elppl r\pcsltlon : Is nbly stirtcd with a board
of strong , energetic men who will make It a
success , i\crybody lead a helping hand.
Drop polltlCK nnd push for reaulta which will
help the noi ihv. ist.
Nc-biYHka City Press : The state leglala-
turo will convene In tegular session next
Monday. The Hrst thing the legislature
should do after organization should be to
make a splendid appropriation for the Trans.
Exposition.
North Platte Tribune : If the Incoming
legislature decs the proper thing It will
lend encouragement to the beet sugar In
dustry and appropriate n reasonable sum
for the TransmlEslssippi Exposition. Doth
mean much to this commonwealth.
Atkinson Graphic : The flist bill Intro
duced In the legislature should bo ono in
aid of the TraiiEmlr Isslppl Exposition
which Is to bo hold In Omsha In 1S9S. This
Is not only a Nebraska affair , but a na
tional and international one. A liberal ap
propriation should bo made.
Dcllwood Gazette ; The TransmlsslEslppl
Imposition to be held in our metropolis , Juno
to November. 1SUS , promise to be a grand
thing for Nebraska nnd all the elates near
her. No pains should bo spared on the part
of llio citizen , ! of our fair state to make the
big show a phenomenal auccctu.
Monroe Hepublican : Omaha's Transmlssls-
clppl Imposition should bo gl\en a liberal
appropriation by the legislature. Money put
into an enterprise of this kind is not thrown
away , but will in tlmo bring n big return
In thu bhapo of now enterprises nnd a fur
ther development of the u'sources of the
Htnto.
Emerson Enterprise : The TransmlsslE-
Elppl nnd International Exposition which
will be held In Omaha next year will bo u
grand show and ircat ; thing for Nebranka.
Mibucrlptluns amounting to about J50U-
000 have already been secured and the na
tional government will contribute $20i.000
more. The state legislature hould make
liberal appropriations nnd all the people of
the state nsslit In making It a bucccea.
llanner County News : Ono of the. . duties
of the next Nebraska legislature should be 10
appropriate a suitable amount for the Trans-
mleslsslppi Imposition In 1SU8. Congrcfcn has
.promised not less than $200,000 for a gouni-
mont exhibit , prhate subscriptions to the
amount of some $100,000 have been secured
to the capital stock
of the association ; now
let Nebraska come forward
with a liberal ap-
proprlatlon. We must do thU If wo hope to
I secure the co-operation of the tranawlMla-
lilppl tttJtCg.
North Nebraska Haglo : The Traii&mUiU-
sippl and International Exposition to bo held j '
at Omaha , beginning In June and ending In i i
November In the jear 1SD8 , la already being
punned by Its promoters. Subscriptions
amounting to over JIOO.OOO to Us capital I
slock have already been secured nnd cnngioss
but pledged not Iras than 5200,000 for a
government exhibit. Nebraska will lake
great prldo In thin enterprise and nothing
will ha left undone by Nebraskaus to make
It a complete success.
Two and n half centuries ago Vltus ncrlng , n tune. led an exploring expedition sent out
by the Imperial government of Hussla to find , If possible , new lands east of Siberia , the
object of which was the extension of the lira Us of trade. The first settlement wd <
founded by Russians at Kadlak In 1781.
In 1SG7 the United States government purchased Alaska for $7,200,000 In gold. The
area of Alaska Is of Imperial dimensions North nnd south It extends between Dlxon
Entrance nnd Point Harrow for 1.200 miles. The district equals In area one-sixth of the
United States , having an urea of fi'U.OOO vquaie miles. The lower part consists of a strip
of mainland about thirty miles wide and SOOmllcs long , made up chlelly of rough and
broken country , composed of numerous Irregular ranges of steep , lofty nnd snowy moun
tains , among whose curving creels runs Urn International boundary , Tlio climate of
southern Alaska Is moderated by the Influence of the ocean. The mean temperature of
Sltka Is CI degrees In summer and 31 In winter , Ti-ere Is little or no agriculture , but n
few vegetables nrc grown. In the grcnt forests of southeastern Alaska the prevailing
trco Is the Sltka spruce , resembling the silver fir of California , sometimes teaching n
height of 230 feet. These forests cover many thousands of square miles. The most westerly
point of the United States Is the Island of Attu , WO ratios from the nearest Alaskan vll-
lafe. Yukon rher Is of unknown length , probably 2,000 miles. The traders have navi
gated It for 1,300 miles. The short but Intensely hot summers of the upper Yukon
country produce millions of acres of rich grasses , nnd barley has ripened nl Fort Yukon ,
Insldo the Arctic circle. The Alaskan mountains are northerly extensions of the Cas
cades nnd Hocklcs , nnd culminate In the mnjcsllo St. Ellas Alps , the greatest moun
tains north of Mexico. The district contains ton ncttve volcanoes. Thp glaciers of
the St. Ellas region are of amazing dimensions , sometimes reaching t\Venty miles In
width. The Mulr Glacier , where It meets the sea , Is three miles' long and J130 feet
high , n vast pearly and ultramarine wall of Ice , with a background of mountains ris
ing 13,000 foot.
It has been said that the gold mines oi Alaska will produce enough ! treasure to
pay the natlpnal debt. Throe rich deposits w'ero discovered In'1877 at Silver Hpy ,
near Sltka , . where valuable quartz mine" have been worked , and other 'auriferous out
crops are already located on the Unga Islands , nt Unlnshka nnd elsewhere. In 1SS5
Joseph Juneau , n Trench-Canadian minor , prospected through the region which now bcara
hla name , nnd found free gold in great quantities In the mountnln-glrt Silver nowVaafn.
Over $1,000,000 In dust hmi alnco been wathcd out of these placers. Within n league
occur the gold-bearing quartz beds of Chief creek , whosp pioduct Is shipped , to Seattle for
refining. Two miles from Juneau is Douglaa Island , where John Treadwcll established the
works of the Alaska Mining and Mllllm ; company. It Is said that ? fiOO,000 In gold bricks
Is sent thcnco In S-nn Prnnetaen vearlv. although the ere Is of low crado. yielding * but
$7 to the ton. The qnaitz is ccally quarried from the hillside and reduced by one of the
largest mills In the world. There are largo deposits of silver-bearing lead at Sheep's
creek and between Norton sound and Herlng strait. Copper la fonml abundantly on
Kadi ik nnd nt Copper river. Illsmuth , cinnabar , silver , marble , slate , petroleum and
keolln nro found. Llgnltlc coal Is mined on the Shunnagln islands and appears at Coal
bay and Cook'fl Inlet.
The fisheries are or enormous value. There are fifty San FranclPco and Now Bed
ford whaling vessel In the Arctic ocean , getting $1,500,000 a year in Ivory , bone and
oil. The salmon pack has risen to 30,000,000 pound cans yearly , besides 15,000 bar
rels. Prince of Wales Island , Cook's Inlet , Hrlstol Hay and Kadlak each has a score
of largo silmon canneries. The rivers have unlimited supplies of salmon. Over 350.-
000 gallons of herring , whale and dog flsh oil are made yearly at Kllllsnoo , and
C.000,000 pounds of cod are caught yearly.
The yearly fur yield of Alaska has i cached 100,000 fur seals , 5,000 sea otters ,
10,000 beavers , 12,000 foxes , 20,000 martens , and 15,000 others. The government has
reccl\cd from the seal Islands a sum eciunl to that which wan pild for the terri
tory. In 1SOO the government granted th'e ' right of taking fur seals to the North
American Commercial company for the twenty years up to 1910 , for a yearly rental
of $00.000 nnd $7.C2'/i ' for each I'calskln , besides $2 revenue taxes. Over-1,000,000 seals
visit the I'ribllolf Isles every slimmer. This Is the most Important sealing station In
the world. Nearly 200,000 fur seals are killed yearly In nil partn of the globe , two-
thirds of which come from the American and Kucslan islands of Derlng sea. Since
18G7 the fur skins shipped from Alaska hnvo brought $53,000.000 ; other furs $16,000-
000 ; canned salmon , $8,000,000 ; cod fish , $3,000.000 , and gold , $1,000,000.
Educational affairs are under the direction of the United States commissioner of
education. Local Echools , supported by ccngrcsvs , nro established In each settlement.
In addition , there are' twelve boarding schools , supported by the government. The
Kplrcopallani , Catholics , Lutherans , Congrcgatlonallsts and 1'rcsbytcrlans all main
tain schools. The Industrial boarding school at Sltka has 170 pupils and teaches shoemaking -
making , carpentering , hlacktsmlthlug jwd ; o ther trade * . It is the foremost civilizing
agency In Alaska , alid serves as a House of refuge and dcfcnre for miUr.ented native
youths. The Greek" iluirclt' hi 'Alnaki has a body of conservative iiricsj's [ supported
from yhe Imperial synod , This aaclcoit church supports seventeen parochial schools
In Alaska. The Jcmills have founded'schools and missions on the Yukon-ami Catholic
liMtltutlons exist at Juneau and elsewhere. The Presbyterian Hoard 'of Home Mis
sions and the Chinch Missionary society of England each support two br more schools
and several mUpIons. t
The population of Alarka , given by the census of 1800 , was 31,705 ; of these 23,274 are
native Indians. The real and personal property la estimated at $3,000,000. There are
320 towns and villages In the territory and seventeen poitofflces. The largest city ,
Jimeau , has a population of 1,253 ; Sltka , 1,100 ; Karluk , 1,123.
1) i
The ancient history of Arizona Is no Ices Interesting than is the modern. The cliff
houses of Itio do Chelly and the canyons of the Colorado still present their problems
to antiquarians , some of whom believe the early Ari/onltns to ha\o been of the Pueblo
stock , while others trace them to the Aztecs. There are fortrcssco and cliff dwelllnpi ,
mliif's and terraces , great systems of canals , which unquestionably belong to the partly
clvllUed people who dwelt In Arizona six or eight centuries ago. Historians say that
300,000 persons then occupied the Salt Hlvcr valley alone. Late In the sixteenth cen
tury lesult and Franciscan missionaries did gieat works In this heathen land .niul
founded icany towns , but the civilization which aro.se in their train vanished before
the forays of the Apache warriors , who reduced Arizona to savagery. In 1S47 Gen
eral S. W. Kearney marched his command through the Glla valley nnd flrbt brought
this country to the notice of Americans. The territory was not set apart from Now
Mexico until 1SC3. Between 1801 and 1S7G the Indiana massacred more than 1,000
whiles in Arizona , but soon after the era of savagery and Isolation came to an end. la
1SS2-3 Che Ap.iches again took the warpath , but General Crook held them In check.
Another foray dccurral In 1SS5-0 , when Geronlino killed fifty persons before General
Miles could capture the red warriors In the mountains of Sonora , yet cyen In 1891 a
number of Arlzoulans were killed by the Indians. Since the removal 'of-many of the
hostile Apaches and the Incoming of the railroads Arizona has grow'h.rapidly. The
area of Arizona Is 113,000 square miles. The agriculture of Arizona depfnda upon or-
tlflelal Irrigation , by whoso aid crops of wheat and alfalfa are raised , .a3wcil as fruits
and vegetables of almost every variety. Modern Irrigation In Ailromt" began' In 18 7 ,
with the construction of the Salt Iliver Valley canal. There were then no railroads
within a thousand miles of Arizona. Other great canals have been constructed , and In
1889 the four principal canals were consolidated , thus constituting the moat complete
syatem of Irrigation In the United States. Within ten yrara upward of $1,000.000 lus
been o.\pei dcd In iirlgatlon canals In ArUona. The area that can bo Irrigated by the
water in sight In the canals In operation cannot bo Icso than 250,000 actcs. The Salt
Hlvcr valley presents ono of the most favorable nrcaw In the United States for the
production of semi-tropical fruits , ouch cs oranges , lemons , grapes , Jigs , apricots ,
etc. There arc thousands of acres of growing crops that rival In luxuriance those found
In the famed valley of the Nile. Nearly everything In the way of grains , vegetables
and fruits grown In the temperate and semi-tropical zones nourish. Wheat and barley
are of an exceedingly fine quality. The pilnclpal foingo plant Ii alfalfa. Vcgct.ablco
grow with wonderful rapidity. Many varletlca are produced the year round. All kinds
of bcrrlra llourlsli. Apricot trees bear from thirty to 300 pounds each. The almond
crop la large and piofltable. Maricopa county , it Is estimated , contains about 1,000
ncres of mnble land. The heavier neil of the lower-lying land has been deemed es
pecially suited to the of ccrcala while that
growth , contiguous to the foothills is pro-
feried for both citroiia and deciduous rooto. The annual yield of wheat and barley Is
large.
large.The
The grain yield averages 14,000 pounds of wheat and 18,000 pounds of barley to
the acre. The total shipment of fruits aggregate about 8,000,000 pounds annually.
Of other products than fruits the exports consist of 100 carloads uf wool , thirty carload -
load * of honey , upwards of 1,000 rai loads of alfalfa hay , and thirty carloads of alfalfa
seed. The tenllory has 1,000,000 head of cattle.
The mineral resources o ! ArUona are enormous , and her leading industries nro
In mining and smelting , ci-uahlng and milling the ores. The modern output of the mines
has p.ii/jcd / $80,000,000 , and their product In the days of Spanish * control was very great ,
llio export of silver has reached $5.000,000 annually. The silver veins of Tombstone
are largo and easily woiked , an A ha\o produced $33,000,000 worth of treasure since
thslr discovery , In 1S78. Arizona's exports nf copper have reached $1,000,000 n year.
The copper deposits at Clifton are among the i Idlest In the world. Pine Canyon Is thu
center of a group of rich mines , some of the ere of which assays $101 to the ton. The
vast Elzo nnd extent to the Coehltt leads make this district ono of the most remaik-
able over discovered. In no other mining camp has such n great quantity of pay ere
been e.vposcd by mere prospect nnd nnsci > nmont work. Some of the ere la very high
grade. The average will run above $40 to the ton. The placer mining around Proecott
has reached onormoua proportions. Yaiouu | estimates of the value of the product of
the placer * of Yavapal since the discovery of Weaver and nich Hill fix the amount at
$ JO,000.000. The placer yield of the vklnlty of Prescott Is computed at $100,000,000
annually , 1C not more. The Congress mine , In which ere ls In sight which It will take
ten years to mine , product's from $50.000 to $05,000 a month , From the Jersey Lily
mlnu ore running as high as $1,000 per ton , and never less than $200 , has been pro
duced. The Little JciNlo mine 1ms produced , up to date , nearly half a million dollars.
Tlu'cu mines are within fifty miles of Prescott. The most icmarkable geological forma-
tlou In the weild It that constituting tlio Avlxona onyx near Prescott. Delicate colorings
and bandings , Intermingling lute the most fanciful markings and figures , make the
stone one of remarkable beauty. The quantity Is Inexhaustible. The Vanderbllt group
of onyx mines comprises 210 acres , The greater part of the onyx on the&o claims Is of
a beautiful wiilto color , banded with seams of amber , brown nnd old-gold. There Is cx-
nulslto green onyx In all shades nnd colors. On Sycamore creek lithograph stone quarries
are In operation. The coal fields of Arizona are larger than those of Pennsylvania , and
lla pine forests greater than those of Michigan. The population of Arizona In 1890 was
59.c:0. TUe .estimated population In 1SPB Is 77.000. There are 11,320 school children.
The rnllroffgijnllenso Is 1,357. , There ( ire 185 postofllccs. The annual manufactures amount
to $ i.oooo.iS |
*
STATECAPITOU LITTLE. ROCK
Aikansas waa oilglnally a portion of the province of Louisiana , purchased from til
French In 1803. It reni.Uned n part of Louisiana Territory until 1SI2 , when the- pica
cut ftnte of Louisiana was admitted to the union and the remaining portion was organ
Izcd us Mtaouil Territory , which name It held until 1S19 .when Missouri became a et.U
and Arkansas was erected into a tciiltory , bearing Its present name. It rem-ilnn
under a territorial government until June , 1S3C , when p constitution wna formed an
Arkansas became a state.
Arkansas has an area of 53,810 square miles about the size of England. The census o
1S9C glvea Arkansas a population of 1,600,000. The total vote for president In 1S9
was HC.CC2. while the total vote nt the presidential election of 1S9C was 1I9.I3I. Ac
cording to the census of 1890 , Arkinaas has n total assessed valuation of } 17i,737,7fi5
Tlio population In 18CO was 133.130 ; In 1S70 , 181,171 ; In 1880 , 802.523. The total mini
bor of ncrcs In the stnte Is 33,500,000 ; nercs under cultivation , 6,000,000 ; the cstlmntei
value of farms Is $74,006,000 ; the nnnual live atock product Is estimated at $2l,000.0'jO
while the total value of farm products is estimated at $44,000,000 per annum. Theio
are 19.000,000 acres of timber la.lda , 2.COO.OOO of coal land and 1,500,000 acres of hot
ere land. The agricultural producta mo largely the same as those of Ohio , Indhni , 1111
nols nnd Kansas. Vast quintltlce of totton nro produced and marketed In Arkansas
while as a fruit-producing state it lanks nmoiig the firat , having taken premiums ovc
all competitors at the expositions of Kew Orleans , California , St. Louis and Chicago
The staple products of Aikinsas are : Cotton , tobacco , wheat , corn , oats , b-jrley , lye
sorghum , buckwheat , Irish po'ntow , awt'ct ' potatoes , hay , llxe stock and fruit. The rlanu
facturctj are : Cotton seed ell , Hour and meals , lumber , leather , cotton and v/colon goods
tobacco nnd cigars.
Along the water courses are ever 0,000,000 acres of the finest corn land In the world
During the last fifteen years Arkansas has earned the ramo of "Tho Land of Big
R"d Applfs , " and cs such h known the world over , having been awaldtd the hlghrs
premiums for the best apples at the New Orleans exposition of 1883 and nt the Colum
bian exposition in 1893.
The coal fields of Arkansas are very extensive , covitlus an estimated area of 2,317
square miles , and lu the valley of Arkarnas , , where coal mining is most largely prose
cuted , the veins average a thickness of four foot. But a small portion of the coil deposit
of Arkansas Ina been developeJ. The llgii Ite coal commence , ! a few miles south of
Little Hock and extends Into Texai , comprising a larger arci , It is said , than any other
coal field In the United States. Thuro are now In operation seventy-eight mines , and
the output Is estimated at 1,250.000 tons per niinum.
Iron deposits of inexhaustible quantity are found IP the hilly regions , covering a
very wide area. Magnetic , hematite , llmaulte , carbonate and specular Iron ores abound
In the county of Independence large deposits of mngancso are found , and during the
past twelve jears va.it quantities of thb mineral have found n market north and cast
This metal Is also found In other parts of the state.
Zinc ore in great abundance Is found In many of the counties and has attracted
largo capital. The ore from some of the in lues assays as high as 67 per cent metal
The zinc Industry Is one of the mort profitable In northern Arkansas. Arkansas took
llrst award at the Chicago Columbian exposition upon Its zinc ores. Among Us ex
hibits there WBH one piece of ore weighing over 12,000 pounds. According to a re
cent gcologlcainsurvey , the state has n distribution of 216 square miles of zinc ore , nnd
overlying it and suroundlng It there arc 2,199 square miles of marble.
Lead ort > is 'found ' In the mountainous FCC lions of the state. Copper , In the form of
carbonate' ' hud Biilphuret , is one of the rich deposits of Arkansas. Among the other
minerals are antimony , porcelain clay , extensive beds of gjpsum , chalk , green sand
and bauxltb , ' from which aluminum and alum are manufactured.
The deposits of marble lu Arkansas arc greater than those of nny other stale In the
union. The marble Is similar In color to that of Tennessee marble , and thcro Is also
pink , gray and white , all capable of high pollah. A very valuable quality of litho
graphic Etoiio has been discovered. Nitre and paint earths are found In great quanti
ties , yUiaitnrnTJnyShndcs of color. Large quantities of roofing slate are being quarried ,
and granUJT-ofyeuperler quality Is found within a few miles of Little Hock. Hone
stone abou&Qs In Inexhaustible quantities.
fhojlJij ) mineral resources of the state ate but little developed and nresent a
grand oppottuoyy for profitable Jnvcatments. Petroleum and natural gas have been
*
foind | inl ' in > and Sebastian counties. There are also beds of soapstnno and stcelite.
A large-p'ortforrbf the land of Arkansas is heavily timbered. There Is almost
ov.ory variety c ( valuable and useful timber. Laigo tracts of valuable timber wore re
cently puVrh sed By frfphlgan lumbermen. The northwestern part of the state , outside
of thoriver bottom In'mU ) , ta a continuous forest claim. Great bodies of cypress cover
the lo\vomsnmlstretch ! ! , along the eastern border of the state. The hard wood forests
are hardly sliipassqd In variety and richness , and contain the finest oak , walnut , hick
ory and ash timber. The pine forests are almost Intact. The amount of short-loafed
plno stantllng in 'Arkansas U estimated at 40,0'0,000OCO feet , board measure. The avirjge
cut of recent jears is estimated at 300.000.00U feet. The varieties going to market are
chiefly pine , white , rsd and post cak , gum and ash. U Is estimated over 100,000,000
cars of lumber are shipped out of Arkansas annually.
There are 3.5CO churches in Arkanssa , o\er one-half of which have been erected in
the past ten years.
The educational facilities afforded by Arkansas are excellent. The past ten years
the perceint of growth has been very large. Thcro are 3.000 school houses ono to every
375 Inhabitants half of the number having been bu-llt within the last ten jears. The
state has ono college or seminary for every 22,000 Inhabitants. A State university and
three normal ( schools afford free education of a. high order. Two-filths of the sta'o tax
and half of the county taxes support the public schools. There are 900 separate schools
for colored people. Some of their schcol houses cost from $10,000 to $ CO,0)0. Col
ored people have also several colleges , and the state supports a normal school for
coljred teachers. Within the past thirteen years Alkansas has expended $10,200,000
In the free education of the youth of the state , and the average number of children ol
school ago Is 285,159.
The railroad mileage of Arkansas Is 2,424. There are 1,700 postoulces.
Value of annual product of Arkansas manufactories Is $22,659,179. The number ol
operatives Is 15,972. Yearly wages , $5,749,888.
Farm products for 1895 :
Corn , 50,359,338 bushels ; \aluc. $16,115,039. Wheat. 1,452,300 bushels ; value. $536,837
Oats , 8.306,186 bushels ; value , $2.658,076. Hye , 24,129 bushels ; value , $18,097. Potatoes
1,476,300 bushels ; value , $752,193. Hay , 211,396 tons ; value , $1,987,431. Cotton , 875,000
bales.
Little Hock Is tlui largest city In the state , with an estimated population of 40,000.
]
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,
California was first settled by the Spaniards nt Snn Diego , In 1769. Many jcars
prior to tills Cortez discovered Lower California. When Mexico became Independent
of Spain , In 1822 , California was divorced from Spanish rule and two years later she
followed Mexico In the change to republican government and became a Mexican ter
ritory. In 1816 Captain Fremont , United States army , and Kit Carson i cached Cali
fornia overland on a scientific expedition and were driven Into Oregon by General
Castio. Fremont , who claimed that ho was obeying Instructions received from the
United Statelfgovernmont , headed a battalion of riflemen at Sutler's fort , advanced
to SonomaUiUh had already been captured by the American Insurgents who had
rebelled against the Mexican government , and spiked the ten guns of the San Fran
cisco prcMdlof1 July 7 , 1810 , the American frigate Savannah captured Monterey and Commodore -
modoro Sloat'proclaimed California to bo a part of the United States , and on July 8
raised the stars 'and ' stripes at Sail Francisco , After the cession of thin region to the
United Stntts by' ' the treaty of 1848 the people assembled and framed a constitution , ex
cluding slavery , and under this document California wan admitted as a state In 1850.
It had already -won the name of El Dorado. January 24 , ISIS , a piece of native gold
was found > y 'Marshall at Coloma. During 18-19 , 100,000 men from the cast crossed
the plains o'r < nnlcd ! by the .Isthmus of Panama or Capo Horn to the land of gold. Ilo-
tween 1850 ntld 1853 , $65,000,000 worth of gold was mined each jcar. The 0 > erland
mall began to tun In 1858 nnd crossed from Placet vlllo to Atchlson , Kan. , In nineteen
days. ' < - '
The proKreM1 of California since the war hns been marvelous. In 1886 the land
boom began'lh oouthcrn California and hundreds of towns were laid out and built. Millions -
lions of eastern capital and thousands of Immigrants came to the Pacific shores.
California Is next In area to Texas , having 158,360 square mllca. U Is 770 miles
long and from 150 to 330 mllrs wide. The coast line cqual.i the distance from Capo Cod
to Charleston , S. C. over 1,000 miles. In the north are mountains and stupendous
forests , The state la traveiwcd by the Sierra Nevada and the coast range , which Interlock -
lock on the north and south , between which extremes they swing wide apart and en-j
cloBO the great valley. The Ycaemlte valley la 3,950 feet high on the Sierra , hem
med In by nearly vertical cliffs , and covcia 38,011 ncres. which congrcws granted to Cali
fornia In 1861. to bo held as a state park. The great \alley has a level ground of150
milts long and forty miles wide , covering 18,000 aquuro miles. The vallojs of the coast
range , Napa , Sonoma , Pctelnma and Huselan river on the north and many others on the
HQiitli of Sun Francisco are full of rich pastoral beauty. Nowhere Is ono out of sight
of high foqthlllB or mountain ranges , which nobly diversify the scenery. In the farther
toutli hundreds of agricultural coluiilta have settled In the valleys within a few leagues
of the HM. The oldt-at of the colonleu , founded by Oermaim In 1857 , baa 2,690,000 grape
vines and 90,000 nhcpp , Many of the t&rmn of California are on a grand pcalo , The
cereal , hay and root crops of California are valued at 170,000,000 annually. Millions of
dollars have been Invested In Irrigation In the state. Southern California Is one of the
gardens of the world and all thu valuable friilta and cnreals of the temperate zone and
the troplcu alike are reaped. The California wheat la largely exported to England.
/ li
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/.vVvi
coinni mil
AM ) I All YAM MKttlS. J
blocks f i om the
Them IMS.
Cnino block ns Evpoil-
w- ' lion licadquui tors
C treot ems pass the
* - * door to nnd fror
depots.
a RATES-
$2 , $2.50
and $3 per day.
Paxton & Davenport ,
Proprietors.
Strictly first-class in all
its appointments.
J. E. Markel & Son , Prop. Cor. i and Douglas.
The iVIercerCor. . 12fh and Howard Sis.
v WINK TAYLOR , Manager.
Cuisine unexcelled by any House of the same Rates.
OU Rooms at $2.00 jor ) day. /50 / Rooms with Until at.50 jvjr day.
Special Rates by thu Month.
THE NEW MURRAY-
j.
More large sample rooms , \
More luxury and home co mfort
Than any other house in 0 m ah
Rates $2,50 to 34
Special rates by week or month
on app ication ,
B , SIIXOWAY ,
1'ro.st. and Algr.
C. W. KIJK1) and WAI. ANDDBHSO.V
CLliKKS.
