* -
MPMMBMMHPMHI " - - - - -
THE OMAHA DAILY JHUISr TUESDAY , DEC EM 1131 ? 8 , 1800.
complicity of Turkish soldier * In the work
of dcntrucllon nnd robbery. The fActii no
they now appear < lo not permit un to ilouht
the JtiMlr-o of these claims , nnil nothing will
lie nmltlpd to bring about their prompt Ml
( lenient , A number of Armenian refiiRcp
Imvlni ; nrrlveil nt our port * , an order has
lately been obtained from the Turkish gov
ernment permitting the wives nnil chlldrei
of mich refugee * to Join them bore. It I *
hoped that hereafter no obstacle will bo
Intcrpoied to prevent the escape of all thono
who eel < to avoid the peril * which threaten
them In Turklrii dominions. Our rnpentlj
appointed consul to Hrzeroum In t hln POJ
nnd discharging the dtitlem of bis office
though for tome unaccountable reason ha
formal txcHjimtor from the pultan has no
been Issued. I do not bcllovp that the pres
ent wmber pro pert In Tnrkny will be long
permlttod to offend the sight of Christen
dom. It go mars the biimano nml i-nllcht-
ont-d civilization thnt belongs to- the -cloap
of the nlnctccntli century that It terms'
hardly possible that the earnest demand o
good iicoplo throughout the Cbrlistlftii world
for Its corrective treatment will tcnmln un-
anmvcrcd.
IMIOMISK.S CJIII.V "uVHXTfAl * AID
If Spnln Full * r HcfiiMi-M lo MnUi
Will I'OlllMV.
IVlHlIllllrVOIllloll
The Insurrection In Cuba still continues
with all Us perplexities. It Is difficult to
perceive that any progress baa tlius far be-ei
tnado towards the pacification of the Islander
or that the situation of nflnlra an deplctec
In my last annual message lira In thf leaa
Improved. If Spain still holds Havana nut
the seaports and all the considerable towns
the Insurgents still roam nt will over n
leant two-tblrds of the Island country. _ I
the determination of Spain to put down the
Insurrection BCCIIIH but to strengthen will
the lapse of time and l evinced by her un
hcaltatlng devotion of largely Increased mil
itnry and naval forces to the tasU. there I
much reason to bcllevo that , the Insurgents
liavo gained In point of numbers nnd char
octer nnd resources and arc none the Ics.
Indexible In tholr resolve not to succuml
without practically securing the great ob
Ject for which they took up arms. If Spall
has not yet re-established her authority
neither have the iLBUrgcnls yet made goo <
tholr tltlo to bo regarded a uu ludepciiden
Btato. Indeed , ns the contest tins gone on
the pretense that civil government exists
on the Island , except so tar as Spain Is iiblo
to maintain It , baa been practically aban
dor.oil. Spain doca keep on foot such a gov
eminent , more or I'FB imperfectly , In the
largo towns ami their Immediate suburbs
Hilt , that exception being made , the entire
country Is cither given over to anarchy o
U subject to the military occupation of one
or the other party. It Is reported. Indeed
on reliable authority , that at the demand o
the commnnder-Iii-chlcf of the Insurgcn
army , the putative Cuban government hn
now given up all attempt to exercise Its
function * , leaving that government confea
spdly ( what there Is the beet reason fo
r.uppoalng It always to have been In fact
n government merely on paper. Were tb
Spanish armies nblo to meet their antag
onlsts In the open or In pitched battle
prompt nnd dccLilvo results might be lookci
for , nnd the- Immense superiority of th
Spanish forccfl In numbers , discipline am
onulpmcnt could hardly fall to tell greatly
to tholr advantage ; but they are called upoi
to face n foe that shuns general engage
mentu , that can choose , and does choose
Hn own ground , that from the nature o
the country Is visible or irvisimc nt pieas
uro and that lights only from ambuscade
nnd when nil the advantages of petition am
numbers are on Its side. In n country where
all this la Indlspennblo to life In the wa >
of food , clothing nnd shelter U so easily
obtainable , especially by these born nm
bred on the soil. It Is obvious that there
Is hardly a. limit to the tlmo during which
hostilities of this sort may bo prolonged.
lOxoc-NNcH I > 'rriiiciit | tinil Icilora1 | > lp.
Meanwhile In nil ceaeii of protracted clvl
strife , the patslons of the combatants grow
morn and more Inflamed and cxcpjscn on
both sides become moro frequent nnd more
deplorable. They nro also participated In by
bands of marauders , who now , In the name
of one party , and now In the name of the
other , as may best suit the occasion , harry
the country at will and plunder Us wretched
Inhabitant ! for tholr own * advantage. Sucl
a condition of things would Inevitably cntal
Immense destruction of property , even If It
wore the policy of both parties to proven
It as far as practicable. Hut while sue !
seemed to bo the original policy of the
Spanish government. It has now apparently
abandoned It , and Is acting upon the same
theory as the Insurgents , namely , that the
exigencies of the contest require the wiole- |
ealo annihilation of property that It may not
prove of u o and advantage to the enemy.
It Is to the same end that In pursuance of
general orders , Spanish garrisons arc now
being withdrawn from plantations , and the
rural population required to concentrate
Itself In the towns. The sure result would
ncom to bo that the Industrial value of the
Island Is fast diminishing , nnd that unless
tltnrn Ifi n iippdv nnil rniIonl phnniro In ox-
'talliig conditions , It will HOOD disappear alto
gether. That value consists very largely , of
course , In Its capacity to produce sugar a
capacity already much reduced by the Inter-
ruptlom to tillage , which have taken place
during the last two years. It Is reliably as
sorted that should thrao Interruptions con
tinue during the current year , and prac
tically extend , as Is now threatened , to the
cntlro sugar producing territory of the
Island , so much I line and BO much money
will bo required to rrsturo the land to Its
normal productiveness that It In extremely
doubtful It capital can bo Induced to even
make the attempt. The spectacle of the
utter ruin of un adjoining country , by na
ture ono of the man fertile nnd charming
on the glob ? , would engage the serious
attention of the government and the people
of the United States In any circumstances.
In point of fact they have a concern with It
which Li by no means of wholly sentlmontnl
or philanthropic character. It lies so near
to t : aa to bo hardly ( separated from our
territory.
Aiiii-rlf-ii'N I'ri-iiiilnry luli-r - ? < t.
Our actual pecuniary Interest In It Is
second only to that of the people and gov
ernment , of Spain. It Is reasonably esti
mated that at least from $30,000.000 to $30- '
000,000 of American capital are Invested la
plantations and In railroad , mining nnil
othur business enterprises ontho Island.
The volume of trade between the United
States and Cuba , which In 1SSO amounted to
about $61,000,000 , rasa In 1S93 to about $10.1.-
000,000 , and In IS'JI , the year before the
present Insurrection broke out , amounted
to nearly 100,000,000. Uealdni thin large
pecuniary stake In the fortunes of Cuba , the
United States finds Itself Inextricably In
volved In the present contest In other ways
both vexatious and costly. Many Cubans
reside In this country , and Indirectly pro-
mate the Insurrection through thu press , by
public meetings , by the purchase and ship
ment of arms , by the raising of funds , and
by other means , which the spirit of our
Institutions and the tenor of our laws do
not permit to bo made the subject of crim
inal prosecutions. Some of them , though
Cubans at heart , and In all their fccllngo
and Intercuts , have taken out papers as
naturalized eltlzcns of the United States , i ;
proceeding resorted to with a view tu pos
sible protection by thli government nnd
not unnaturally regarded with much Ir.-
dlgimtloii by tlio country of their origin.
The Insurgents arc undaubtevlly encouraged
and supported by the widespread
sympathy , the people of this country always
nnd limtlnctlvoly feel for every L < truggle for
bettor and freer government and which , In
the ciuo of the moro adventurous and restless -
loss element of our population lenilo In only
too many Instances to active and personal
participation In tlio contest.
The result Is that this government Is con
stantly called upon to protect American
citizens , to claim damage ? for Injuries to per
sons and property now estimated at many
millions of dollars and to ask explanations
where you got that cold. Do
you know where you can get the
cure for it ? Every drug store
keeps Ayer's Cherry Pectoral.
/ / cures coughs and colds. \
and npolPglej far the ncM of Sp.inUli offi
cials whoso zeal for the eprrselon of rcbol-
! lion simitlmw blinds them to the Immunity
i bt lori\\\f \ \ to the iinofrenillng citizen * of n
friendly power. It follows from the Mme
caui < ci that the Unltod Stum Is compelled
to natively police n long line of sea cwst
ngaln i unlawful expedition/ ) , the eicupu of
which the iitm m : vigilance will not alwnyo
suffice to provont. Thene Inevitable cnt.inRle-
in out * of the United Stntts wlti the rebellion
In Cuba , the largo American property In-
tRTMtw affect * * ! , nd considerations of philan
thropy and hunmnlty In general , have led
to n vehement demand In vnrlcnis ( | u rtorn
for Joint ; ort of potltlvo Intervention on thu
psrt of the Unltod Stitw. It won at flm prc-
pnrod that belligerent rights should be ac
corded to the tm-urgcnts a proposition no
longer welded , bec U ! < o untimely , and In
practical operation , clearly perilous , ind In
jurious to our own Interests. It has since
bp3ii , and Is now , some'.lnn's contended that
th ? Independence ef the Insurgents i-Iiouli
be recognized , lint Imperfect and restricts
PS the Spanish government of the Island may
be. no other e.xblu there unless the wll
of the military clllcer In temporary commam
of n pirtlcnlar district , in bo dignified a
a specleo of government. It Is nc-w also tug
RfMlod that the Unltod Stnte-y should buy the
Island a suggestion pomlbly worthy of con
sldprntlon. If there wore any evidence of a
desire or wllllngnetu on the part of Sp.iln
to entertain such a propopnl. It Is urged
finally , that all other methods falling , the
oxlntlng Internecine strife In Cuba shoul.
be terminated by our Intcrvontlcn , even a
the cod of n war between the Unltcil State
and Spain a war which IM advocates con
fldrntly prophesy , could bo neither large li
Us proportions nor doubtful In Its Isinio. The
correctness of this forecast need be neltho
affirmed nor denied. The Unltod States has
nevertheless a character to maintain as :
nation , which plainly dictates that right nm
not ml hl should bo the rule of Its conduct
I'rnfiIN Duly I'l'i-romliU .
Further , though the United States Is no
a nation to which pence Is a necessity , I
Is In truth the moat puclllc of powers am
desires nothing so much as to live In nmlt >
with nil the world. Its own ample am
dlvcrsldcd domains satisfy all pctralblo long
Ings for territory , preclude all dreams o
conquest , and prevent nn casting o
covetous eyes upon neighboring regions
however attractive. That our conduct to
ward Spain and her dominions has constl
tuted no exception to this national disposi
tion , Is made manifest by the course of our
government , not only thus far during the
present Insurrection , but during the tei
yearn that followed the rising nt Ynra In
1SGS. No other great power. It may safely
bo said , under circumstances of similar
perplexity , would have manifested the saint
restraint nnd the same patient endurance
It may al o be said that this persistent nttt
tilde of the United States toward Spain In
connection with Cuba , unqucstlnnnhl }
evinces no slight respect and regard fo
Spain on the part of tlio American people
They , In truth , do not forget her conncc
lion with the discovery of the wcsten
hemisphere , nor do they underestimate the
great qualified at the Spanish people , no
fall to fully recognize their splendid pa
trlotlsm anil their chivalrous devotion to
the national honor. Thew view with won
der nnd nt'mlratlon the cheerful resolution
with which vest bodies of men arc sen
nerra- ) thousands of miles of ocean and at
enormous debt accumulated that the costly
possesilon of the Gem of the Antilles ma ;
still bold Its place In the Spanish crov/n
And yet neither the government nor the
people in thu United States have shut their
eyes to the courao of events In Cuba , 01
have faded to realize the existence of con
ceded grievances which have led to the
present re\olt from the authority of Spall
grievances recognized by the queen-re
gent and by the Cortes , volcec
by the most patriotic and en
lightened of Spanish statesmen , without
regard to party and demonstrated by rc-
formo proposed by the executive and ap
proved by the legislative branch of the Span
ish government. It Is In the mutinied tem
per and disposition of the Spanish govern
ment to remedy there grievances , fortified
by Indications of Inllucntial public opinion
In Spain , that this government hnu hoped
to discover the most promising nnd effective
means of composing the present ttrlfe , with
honor nnd advantage to Spain and with the
achievement of all the reaconnblo objecte
of the Insurrection. It would seem thnt II
Spain nhonld offer to Cuba genuine autonomy
a measure of homo rule which , while pro-
'scrvlug ' the sovereignty of Spain , would iat-
1sfy nil rational requirement of her Spanish
subjects there should bo no Jufct reason why
the paclllcatlon of the Islam ! nilgai not hn
effeclcd on that basis. Such a result would
appear to be In the true Interest of nil con
cerned. It would at once stop the conlllct
which Is now consuming Iho resources of the
Itiland , and making II worthless ) for which
ever party may ultimately prevail. It would
keep Intact the possessions. ' of Spain , without
touching her honor , which will bo consr.ilted
rather than Impugned by Ihu adequate ro-
ilrriKi of admitted grievances. It should put
tlio prosperity of the Island and tl.c fortunes
of Ita Inhabitants within their own control ,
without severliiK the natural and ancient HOB
which bind them to the mother country , mid
would yet enable them to tcK Ihcir capacity
for wjlf-govcrnincnt under the most favorable
conditions.
U has been/ objected on the one side that
Spain should promise autonomy until her
Insurgent subjects lay do.vn their arms ; on
the other elde , that promised autonomy ,
however liberal , Is Insufficient , because with
out assurance of the promise being fulfilled.
Uut Iho reasonableness of n requirement by
Spain ot unconditional surrender on the
part of the Insurgent Cubans before their
autonomy Is conceded , It not altogether ap
parent. II Ignores Important features of the
sliuatlon Ihe alablllly two years' duration
hs * given to thu Insurrection : the feasibility
of Ita Indefinite prolongation , In the nature
of things , and as phown by past experience :
Iho ullcr and Imminent ruin pf Ihe Island ,
unites tbf present strife ) Is speedily competed
peted- above all. the rani : abuses which all
parties lu Spain , nil branches of her gov
ernment nnd all her leading public men
concede to exist and profna a dcalrc to re-
move. Facing such circumstances to with
hold the proffer of needed reforms until the
parties demanding them put themselves at
mercy by throwing down the-lr arms , has
Ibo appearance of neglecting the gravest of
peril * and Inviting suspicion as to the sin
cerity of any professed wIllliiBiiew to grant
reforms. The objection on behalf ct the
Inturpenla that , promised reforms cannot
be relied upon must of course be consid
ered , though wo have * no right to assume
and no reason for assuming that anything
Spain undertakes to dp for the relief of
Cuba will not be done according to both the
spirit and the letter of the undertaking.
Nevertheless , realising that suspicions and
precautions on the part of Ihe weaker of Hie
iwo cnmbalnnU are always natural , and not
always unjustifiable being sincerely de-
ilrous In the Interest ot both , rn well , ns on
Its own account thai the Cuban problem
iliould be solved with the least possible de
lay It was Intimated by this government to
Iho government of Spain , name months ago ,
thai , If a satisfactory measure of homo rule
wore tendered the Cuban Insurgents , nnd
would bo accepted by them upon a guaran
tee of Its execution , the United Stolen would
endeavor to find n way not oblcctlonablr to
Spain of furnishing such guaranty. While
no definite response to this Intimation bur.
yet been received from thu Spanish govern
ment , It la believed to bo not altogether un
welcome , while OJ already BUKgpatod , no
reason Is perceived why It. should not bo
approved by the Instirgcntn. Neither parly
can fall to see the Importance of early nctlo i
nnd both must realize that to prolong tin-
present Htalc of things for even n short
period , will odd enormously to the time and
tabor and expenditure * iipcersary tu bilnc
"bout the indr.itrlal recupcratlc-u of the
'island , It la , therefore1 , fervently Imped on
all grounds thai earnest efforts for linallni ;
the breach between Spain and the Insurgent
Cubans upon the lines above indicated may
lie nt once Inaugurated ami pushed to an
Immediate and miceewsful IMUP. Thn
friendly onicw of ilw Unltod States , either
In the manner nbovo outlined or In any
other Way consistent with our constitution
and law , will always bo nt the disposal of
cither party.
Intt-rvpiilloii IN Imminent.
Whatever circumstance ! ) may arlao. our
policy nnd our Interest would comttrnln m ?
to object to the acquisition of the Island or
an Interference with Its control by any other
power. It should be uddcd that It cannot
be rcauoimbly assumed lhat thu hitherto ox-
poctnnl attltudu of the United States will
bi > Indefinitely malntaliu-cl. 5\'hlo | we nri-
anxious to necord all dun resjicct to the sov
ereignty of Spain , wet cannot view tbo pend
ing conlllct In all lt feature's , and properly
apprehend our Inevitably elemi relations t <
It and Itu pOBplblu result" , without consider
ing that by the couriw of event ) we may
bo drawn Into uch on unusual anil tinprc- j
ceJentcd con lion | aowill fix a limit to our
patient waiting far Spain to end the conlcst ,
cither nlono and In her own way or with our
1 friendly co-operation. When the Inability
, of 'Spain to deal MicceesfnUy with the In- ,
nurfcnto ban become manifest nnd It le ,
demonetrnled thnt her foverclgnty Is extinct i ;
, In Cuba for nil purposts nt Hi' rlgMful existence - j i
once , anil when a bopolonjXrUKgle for Its | i
, re-oatabllshmenl has dngcnorntol Into n
I strife whlrh moans nothing moro than the I
utelcn fncrlfire of human life nnd the tiller I
dpntrucllon of tne very subject matter of
the conflict , n flt'intlon will bo pr onted
In which our obligation * to the govo.-clgnty
of SpMn will bo wiperscdpd by higher ob-
ligallonu , which vo can hardly hesitate to
reoognlze nnd dlt > : harge.
Deferring lha choice of way.i nml methods
until the tlmo for iic'lrn nrrlvpwe phn't'd | ,
innlco them doptml upon the precise condl-
tloas then existing ; and they suoaid noi uo I
determined upcn without giving careful heed
to every consideration Involving our hcnor
nnd Interest , or the International duly wo
owe to Spain. Until wo face the contlnRcn-
cley suggcslpd or tlio situation lo by other
Incidents Imperatively changed , wo tOicilM
continue In Ilia line of conduct heretofore
P'irsuod , thus In all circumstance. ! exhibiting
our obedience- the rcqulrments of public
law and our regard for the duty enjoined
upon us by the position wo occupy In the
family of nations. A contemplation of emer
gencies that may arise should plainly lend
us to avoid their creation cither through
n carole.1) disregard of present duty or eve
an undue stimulation and Ill-timed cxprerslo
of feeling. Hut I have deemed It not nm1. '
to remind the congress that n tlmo ma
nrrlvo when a correct policy nnd care for oil
Interests. n.-J well as a regard for the In
terojts of other nations nnd their citizens
Joined by considerations of humanity and
dcslro to BCD a rich and fertile country. In
llmiloly related to UP , saved from couplet
devastation , will constrain our governmcn
lo such action ns will subserve the Intcrc > t
thus Involved and nt the same time pnmls
to Cuba and Its Inhabitants an opportunit
to enjoy the blessings ? of peace.
AHIIITUATIO.V WITH C1IKAT II1IITAI2V
Vriii-zurliin Mailer 1,1-nilN to 11 llrmiil
The Venezuelan boundary question ha
ceased to bo a matter of difference betwce
Great llrltaln and Iho United Stales , Ihcl
respective governments having agreed upo
the substantial provision of n trealy be
Iwcen Great llrltaln and Venezuela , enib
milting the whole controversy to nrbltra
lion. The provisions of Iho treaty are s
eminently just nnd fair that the assent o
Venezuela Ihcrcto may confidently bo an
tlclpalcd.
Negotiations for a trealy of general arbl
Irallon for nil differences belwccn Grca
1'rllaln and the United States are far ad
vanccd , and promise to roach a succcssfu
consummation nt an early dale.
The scheme of examining appllcanls fo
certain coiuulnr pcsltlons. to test their competency
potency and lltnosi. adopted under an ex
pcutlvo order Issued on the 20th of Scptem
bcr , 1SII5 , has fully demonstrated the usc-
fulncFd of this Innovation. In connection
with this plan of examination , promotlo
and transfers of deserving Incum
beiita have been qullo extensive ]
made with excellent results. During
the past year thirty-five appoint
media have been made In the consular serv
Ice. twenty-seven of which were made to
nil vacancies caused uy iteatn or reaignatioi
or to supply newly created posts , two to
succeed incumbents removed for c.iiwe , twofer
for the purpose of displacing alien consula
officials by AmeiJcan clllzens , and foul
merely changing the official title of Incum
bent from commercial agent to consul
Twelve of these appointments were transfers
or promotions from other pcuillons under the
Department of State ; four of those np
pointed had rendered previous service under
the department : eight were made of per
eons who passed a ratlsfaclory examination
seven \\ero appointed to placca not Includei
In the order of September 20 , 1S93 , nnd four
appointments ns above stated , Involved no
change of Incumbency. The Inspection o
consular officers provided for by an' appro
priation for that purpose at the last BCiJlon
of the congress has been productive of auch
wholesome directs thart hope this linportaqi
work will In the future becontinued. . I
know of nothing that can bo < lone with the
same slight expense so Improving 'to the
service.
I desire to repent the recommendation con
tained In my la ; > t annual message In favor of
providing nt public expense official residences
for our ambassadors and ministers at for
eign capitals. Thu reasons supporting this
rccommendaiioii are slrongly Dinted in the
report of the wcretnry of state , and the
subject seems of such Importance that I
hope It may receive the early attention of
the congreixj.
\Vo have during the last year labored
faithfully and against unfavorable conditions
to secure better preservation of trcal life In
the lierlnc sea. Uotli the United States and
Great llrltaln bavo lately dlspalched com
missioners lo thesx ) waters to study the
habltu and condition of the seal herd , and
Iho cau 3s of their rapid decrease. Upon
the reports or these commissioners , eoon to
bo submitted , nnd with the exercise of pa
tience and good EPIISO on the part of all In
terested parties , It Is earnestly hoped thai
hearty co-operation may be secured for the
protection against threatened extinction of
uenl life In Ihc Northern Pacific and llcrlng
sen.
COMHTIO.V OK THU T1II2ANIIIIY.
PelleK of Tn-i-n.v-Klvo Million * Iur-
IniV ( lie IIIN ( Klm-nl Venr.
The secretary of Iho treasury reports lhat
luring the fiscal year ending Juno 30 , 1SOG ,
the receipts of the government from all
sources amounted to J409-I75-IOS.7S. Dur-
inj ; the seme period Its expenditures were
M34C7SQj4.-IS , the excess of expenditures
over receipts thus amounting to $25.203-
245.70. The ordinary expenditures during
.ho year were $1,015S52.21 less than during
.ho preceding llscal year. Of the receipts
ncntloned , tbcro was derived from customs
the sum of $180.021.751.07 , and from In
ternal revenue $ lliS30CI5.GG. ; The receipts
'rom customs show an Increase of $7.SGt- ;
[ 31.22 over these frcm the same source
for the llfcal year ending June 30 , 1803 , and
ho receipts from Internal revenue an In
crease of $3,584.537.91. The value of our
mported dutiable incroh.imll.'c ' during the
ast fihoal year wns $303,757,470 and the
value of free goods Imported J09.8fi7,47o ! ,
) elng .111 Increase ; of ? G 523G7ii In the value
of dutiable gocxta and $11.231.031 In the
aluo of free goods over the preceding year.
Our Imports of merchandise , foreign and
lomcstlc , an cuntcd ; n value to $ S82GOC,9&5 ,
jolng nn Incrcaoo over the preceding year
of $7iiOGS,773. The average nd valorem
luty paid on dutiable goods Imported dur-
ng the1 year was 39.94 per cent and on free
and duilablo goods taken together 20.55
icr cent.
The coat of collecting our Internal rov-
nuc. was 2.7K per cent , us against 2.S1 per
cent for the fiscal year ending Juno 30 , 1895.
The total prodi-ctlon'of distilled spiritsexclu-
Ivo of fruit brandies , was S8,5SS.70'J taxable
gallon ? , being an Increase of 0,639JOS gal-
ons over the preceding year. There wan
also nn Increase of 1II3G78 gallons of
plrlta , produced /rom fruit , as compared
vlth the pu-Lcdlng year The number of
mrrflls of beer , produced was 35,809,250 , na
asaliibt ? 3,5S9,7S1 produced In ( ho preceding
lacal year , being an Increase of 2,2G9,16t !
larrels.
ilJiiliI nml Sliver IIvcliantjeH ,
The total amount of gold exported
luring the last fiscal year was $112.-109-
117 nnd of silver $ GOBllG70 , being nn In-
reami of $15,911,4Cii of gold mid $13,240,38 !
if silver over the exportatlons of the pre-
cdliiK llaeal year. Thi imports of golu
voro $33,6'5.0G5 and of silver $2S.777.1S ,
being $ : ! ,83 ! .G95 less of gold nnd $8,560,007
nore of silver than during Ihe preceding
car.
The total 'stock of mi'talllo money In the
Jutted States at the clnso of the last fiscal
year ended on the 30th day of June. 1S90 , wna
$122S,32fi,035. if which $59.597,96I was In
gold and $ C2S.72S.07l In silver. On the
first day of November. 1S90 , the total Block
of nion'y of all kinds In the country wae
2.2S5.410.690 , and iho annunl In clrculailon.
not Including the trcjwiry holdings , wa. '
$1,627,055,611. being $22.63 for cipita upon
n ei'tlmate.l population ef 71,902,000.
The production of HID pruclous metals In
ho Unltod States during TJO calendar year
S95 estimated to have been 2,254 760 fine
ninceu of gMd of tbo total value of | 4G,610-
00 , and 55,727,000 film ounces of
liver of thu commercial value of
3i,4(5,000 ; uild the cr-lnuge value of $72,051-
00 , Thn cxtlmatcd production of thrao
nrtalc throughout thu world during the > amo
> eriod was 9OSS $21 fine OUIICM of gold , |
I amounting lo $2f , I8.700 ( ; In vine , nivl IfiO-
I 1K9.24 ! ) fine outfc/is / of sllvr of the com *
I ' merclal value of $110,0" 4ODO. nnd of the cjlu-
Ago v.'bip et $215,733,100 according to our j
i ratio. The coinage of thew1 mtnls In the j
vnrloun coiiRirltttu of the world during the
santa cnlendnTfyoSr nmcunlPd to $232,701,43s
In gild and $ iQ'JDS,219 In aller. . The total
colnaso nt the mints of the United States
during the flwil yoir ended June 30 , 189i5 ,
nmountpd lo $71il8S,46S.52 , of which J5S.S78-
490an In golif'colna nnd $12.309.978.52 I
tlanclnrd silver dollarn , subsidiary coins an
o'.hor minor col up.
A'Allonnl llnulii.
The number ef national banks organlrei
from the tpo.th ! law authorizing thpl
creation was p E.cd up lo Oc'ol-er 31 , ISOo
\\a.'j G.051 , < vnd of Ihlp number 3fi79 weren
the date lapl mentioned In active opcntloi
hiving nulhorlzed capital stock of $ G50,01I.S93
held by 288.902 shareholders , nnd clrculatlw
no'es nm untlng lo $21,412.6 0. The lola
culotandlng circulating notes of all intlonn
banks on the Slat day of October , 18 %
amounted to $23I,553S07 , Including unrt
deemed but fully secured notes of banks In
Folvent nnd In process of liquidation. Th
Increase In national bink circulation ditrln
the ye.tr ending en that dny wat > $21OD9,429
On October G , 1SD3 , When ' th
condition of nitlonat banks was lis
reporled , the tolal rewurces nf Hi
3,07 ? active Institutions was $3,2G3GS5
313.83 , which Included $ lS93.2GS.S39.3l I
loans and discounts nnd $362,165,733.85 I
mant > y rf all kinds on' hand. Of their llablll
lies $1 C90.S91.05S.03- duo to Individual de
poi'Itors and $209,944,019 consisted of oul
I't.tiidlng circulating notes.
There wore organized during the yea
preceding Ifco dale last mentioned twenty
eight national banks , located In fifteen slate ?
of which twelve were organized In th
eastern states with a capital of $1,280,000
six In the western stales , wllh a capital o
$875,000. nnd ton In the southern fate
wllh a capital of $1,190,000. During th
yonr , however , thlfty bank : ) voluiitarlb
abandoned their franchises under tb
national law , atvl. In. the case of twcnty-pcvci
other. ? It rWao fonna'-JjfC fary lo nppoln
receiverThercfnrc.'asTJoillpared with th
year preceding , tho'r'6'wasn ) elccream o
thirty-six In the number o\ active banks
The number of existing bmiliS organlzci
jjiider Jho state lawe _ Is , Ct,703.
I'.lK Inuri-iiNiT'lii Immliirntloii.
The number of Immigrants arriving In th
United Stales during the fiscal year wa
343,267 , of whom 340,468 were permitted t
land nnd 2,799 were debarred on vnrlou
grounds prescribed by law nnd returned t
Iho countries whence Ihoy came , al Ih
cxpcnao of Ihe steamship company by whlc !
Ihey were broughl In , The Increase li
Immigration over the preceding yea
amounted to 84,131. It Is reported thai wit !
Dome cxccplions the Immigrants of the pas
year were of a .hardy , laboring class
accustomed nnd nblo to earn n support fo
themselves , nnd It lo estlmnlcd that th
money brought with them amounted to n
least $5,000,000 , though It was probably mud
In excess of Ihnt tnim , since only lha o hnv
Ing less limn ? 30 are required lo disclose Hit
exact amount , and 11 Is known Hint manj
brought consldeinblo sums of money to btij
land and build homes. Including all the
immigrants arriving who were over 14 years
of ago , 23.63 per cent were Illlterato n
agalnot 20.47 per cent of those of that age
arriving during , the preceding flsrnl year
The number of immigrants over 14 years old
Ihe countries fr'dlii which they came , and
Iho percentage 'ot ' Illltcrntcy among then
was as follows : Italy. Di.SlO , wllli 04. &
per cent ; Ireland , . 37,496 , with 7 per cent
Russia. 35.1SS. with 41,14 per cent ; Austria
Hungary and ; provinces , 57,053 , with 33.92
per cent ; Germany. 25,334 , with 2.96 poi
cent ; Sweden. 18,821 , wllh 1.16 per cent
while from Portugal there cnmc 2,067 , o
whom 77.69 per cent , were Illiterate. There
arrived from'Jnprfn during the year enl
1,110 immigrant ! ? , and It Is tbo opinion o
Iho Immlgialloif authorities that the ap
prehension Icrct9fcre : ) existing to some oxten
of a largo Immigration from Japan lo the
United Statc la'without , any substanlla
' '
foundation. ,
Work of Ijiro-SnvliiR1 Crewx.
From the lUc-aaylng service It Is tcportei
that the nunfber-of disasters to documented
vessels within . .tlio limits of Its operations
' '
during , the year'xyas'437. These vessels hni
on. board 4 COS peisufcs , . 'of whojn 495 , wen.
saved and tiilrtedh losl. "Tho value ot such
vessels Is estimated nt $8.880,140 , and o
Ihelr cargoes , $3,8AiSSO , ' making Iho tola
value of property imperiled , $12,726,520
Of this amount , $11,292,707 was saved and
$1,432,750 was lost. " Sixty-seven of Ihe ves
scls were totally"wrecked. . There were be
sides 243 casualties to small undocumcate <
craft , on board of which there were 5'J'
persons , of whom 587 were saved and seven
were lost. The value of the property" In
volved In these latter casualties Is esll
mated at $119.265 , of which $114.915 was
saved and $1,350 was lost. The life-saving
crows during the year also rescued or as
sisted numerous other vessels and warnct
many from danger by signals both by day
the year exceeded ihat of any previous year
In. Ihe uUtory of the service , but the saving
of both life nnd property was greater thai
ever before In proportion to Iho value ol
Iho properly Involved and to the number
of persons Imperiled.
The operations of the marine hospital
service , the revenue culler service , the
stcamboal Inspection service , the light
house service , the bureau of navigation ani
othej branches of 'public wdrk allached
lo the Treasury department , together with
various recommendations concerning tholr
support nnd Improvement , nro fully stated
In the report of the secrrtary , lo which Hie
attention of the congress U especially In
vited.
All.MV HAS IIAI > I.1TTI.I3 TO HO.
UN Afluul Operation * Small , lint Il
iileleneyVcll ! tllllntlllned.
The report of the secrelnry of war ex
ilblts satisfactory conditions In the several
> ranchcs of the public service intrusted
to his chaise. The limit of our military
'orce as fixed by law Is constantly and
readily maintained. The present discipline
and morals of our army are excellent , and
narked progress nnd efficiency are apparent
throughout Its entire organization. With
ho exception of delicate duties In the sup
presslou of slight Indian disturbances along
> ur southwestern border , In which the Mex-
can troors co-operalcd and Iho compul
sory , bul peaceful return , with the consent
of Great L'rltsln , uf a'bsnd of Crcc Indians
rom Montana to Iho nrlllsh possessions , no
ncllve operallpn.s have been required of
ho army during the year pajt.
Changes In methods nf administration , the
bandonmcnt of unne.crj-'iiiry posts and con-
cquent concentration of troops and the ox-
rclse of care anil vigilance by the various
Ulcers charged .with the responsibility In
ho expenditure ot the appropriations have
rdulted In reducing to a minimum the cost
f maintenance of' our military cfitabllsh-
ncnt. Durlnpf thca past year the work of
onstructlng ptfmftVenl ) ) Infantry aijil cavalry
> wtn has been continued at the places licro-
ofore designated , The secretary of war re-
cats his rccdmml'ndfttlon that appro rln-
lens for barracko' Jiml quarters should moro
trlctly conforiinto'lho need of Iho service
3 Judged by lli .dcjartinent ! , rather than re-
pond to the wUliea nnd Importunltlcn of
ocnlltlca. \ t
It Is ImpcrntlTif'hat ( much of the money
irovlded for such construction should now
) e allotted toJtlio erection of ncceaiary
uartcrs for ma garrisons assigned to ,1)10 )
east defenses , .where many men will'be
ecded to pryfirly cnro for and operate
todorn guns. It Is reaeiitlal , too , that early
irovslon ! bo mode Jo supply the ncceaaary
orco of nrtUhM'l lo meet the demands of
[ its service.
Iliii'oiirnirchient for Alllltln.
The entire 'ifr/iiyfljan / , 'now been equipped
vltb the now ru2gntlnc : arms and wlsn
alley demands that all available public and
irlvnto resources should be so employed E
o provide within 7eant > nabo ! limn a sufficient
umber to supply tjio utato militia with
hcrio modern weapons and provide an ample
Mervo for any emergency. The organized
nllltla numbers I12.S7U men. The approyrlM-
DHJ for Us nnuport by Iho Bevcral oratr :
pproxlmato $2.800,100 annually and $ IOu/X >
s contributed ' by the gpnerol government , in
fs'tlfiitlon shows the e toDp4 to be unusually
fell drilled and Ircpliv I with much mlllU\ i
nte-rost , but In many In stances they nro .
e-llclcnt In proper anna and equipment tba :
midden call lo acttye duly would find tine. ;
nadoquately prcparn ] for field service '
icrcforo rcrommcnd that prompt measnr ;
t > o taken to rcmely thu condition nnd th.it
every encourageIUPII' ' bo given lo thlfl dp-
scrvlng body of unrmld and voluntary citizen
doldlers , Upon whmo nislatancu wa must
largely rely In tlmo of trouble.
Sen Count Oofi'iiM' .
During thepa l ycnr rapid progrpsn has
iceti made toward the completion of the
scheme adopted for the protection nnd arma
ment ot fortlllcallotw along our sea eo.iflt ,
whllp equal progress has been made In
providing the material for submarine defense
in connection with thcwp works. It Is pecu
liarly gratifying at thli tlmo to note tbo
Kient advance Hint has boon mndo lu this
Important undertaking slnu' Ihe dale of my
nnnuAl mcCTRse t" the Plfty-thlrd congroas
at tlu opening of Its second sewlan , In
December , 1S93. At that time I Informed
the roiiKiTss of thn nppronihlng completion
of nine twelve-Inch and thirty-four eight-
Inch high power stepl guns , and seventy-five
twelvc-lnrh rifled mortars. This tolnl then
seemed Inalgnltlcant when compared with
the great work remaining to be done. Ycl
It was none1 the less n source of satisfaction
to every citizen when he reflected thai It
it-presented the- first Installment of the new
oidnanco of American design and American
manufacture , nnd demonstrated our ability
to supply from our own resources guns ol
unexcelled rower and accuracy.
At thai dr-le , however , there \verc prac
tically no carriages upon which to mount
those guns , nml only thirty-one emplace
ments for KUtis nnd sixty-four for mortara.
Nor were * nil these emplacements In condi
tion to lecelve their armament. Only ono
high power gun wns at thai lime In position
for the dcfti't-e of the entire coast. Since
that tlmo the number of guns actually com
pleted 1ms biu'ii Increased to twenty-one
twelve-Inch , fifty-six ten-Inch , sixty-one
eight-Inch high power breech loading steel ,
ten rapid-fire guns and eighty twelve-Inch
rilled mortars. In nddltlon there nro In
process of construction ono slxtecn-lncli type
gun , fifty twelve-Inch , fifty-six ten-Inch ,
twenty-seven olghl-lnch high-power guns
and sixty-six twelve-Inch rilled mortars ,
in all , 42 $ guns and mortars.
.tliiiintM .Vino Mtiilc.
During Ihe same year Immediately preced
ing the trcss-ago referred to HIP llrst modern
gun carriage had been completed and Pleven
moro were In proccts of construction. All
but one were of the non-disappearing type.
These , however , were nol such as to secuie
necessary cover for Iho nrllllery gunuera
ngalnst the Intense lire of modern machine
niptd-flro nnd high-power guns. The In-
ventlvo genius of ordnance and civilian ex
perts has been taxed In designing carriages
thnt would obvlato this fault , resulting , It
Is believed , lu the solution of this difficult
problem. Slnco 1S93 the number of gun
carriages CPI rlruclcd or building has been
raised lo a total of 129. of which ninety are
on the disappearing principle , nnd the num
ber of mortar carriages to 152 , while the
ninety-five emplacements which were pro
vided for prior to thai time have boon In
creased to 2SO built and building. This
Improved situation Is largely due to the
recent gorerous response of Iho congress
lo the recommendations of the War elepart-
menl.
Thus wo sntiii shall have complete about
one-flflli of Iho comprehensive system , the
first step of which was noted In my mes
sage to the congress of December , 1893.
When It Is undcrslood that n masonry em
placement not only furnishes a. platform for
the heavy modern high-power gun , but also
In every particular serves the purpose and
takes tbo place of the fort of former days ,
the Importance of tbo work accomplished
I < 1 liof t rtt * r ntn tif nil mi find T ti 11m 1m im Hint
the work will bo prcaccuted wllh no lesj
vigor in the future , the sccrelary ot war
has submitted an estimate by which , If al
lowed , there will bo provided and either
built or building by the end of the next
fiscal year such additional guns , mortars ,
gun carriages and emplacements ns will
represent not far from one-third of HIP
total work to bo douo under the plan
adopted for our coast defenses llms af
fording a profrpect that the end nf Iho enllro
work will K > substantially completed within
six years. In lcis time than that , how
ever , wo shall have nltaincd a marked
degree ot security. The experience and
remits of the past year demonstrate that
with a continuation of the present careful
methods Ibo cosl of the remaining work
will be much lees than the original estimate.
Wo should always keep In mind that of all
forms of military preparation , coast defense
alone 1s cjtentially pacific In Ita nature ;
while It gives the sense of security duo tea
a consciousness of strength , II Is neither
the purpose nor the effect ot such permanent
fortification to Involve us In foreign com-
pllcallons , bul rnthfjf lo guaranlco us
against Ihem. They are not tcmptallona
to war , but security against It. Thus they
are thoroughly In accord with all the tradl-
Uons of our national diplomacy.
CAKI.\ ( ; I.'Ou7l''l-lliTlTAl7 ! ritl.SOXHH.S.
I.V ( < -IIHOII of | lu > rciillcnllnry nt Korl
I.eilvctlivorlli Is I r reil.
The attorney general presents us a detallci'
nnd Interesting statement of the Important
work done under his supervision during , the
last fiscal year. The ownership and manage
by the government of the penltentlarlee
for the confinement of those convicted It
United Stales coiirls of violations of fedora
laws , which for many years has been a sub
Jecl of executive recommendation , has u
last , to a slight extent , been realized by the
utilization of the abandoned military prlt-on
at Fort Leavonworth ns a United Stales penl
tentlnry. This Is certainly a move in the
right direction , but It ought to bo at once
supplemented by the rebuilding cr the cx <
tensive enlargement of this Improvised prison
and the construction of at least ono more
to bo located In the southern states. Th
capacity of the Lcavenworth penitentiary Is
so limited that the expense of Us main
tenance , calcitlaled at a per capita rate
upon the number of prisoners It cm accom
modate , docs not make as economical an ex-
liiblt an It would If It were lirgcr and bet-
: or adapted to prison purpot'os. Hut I an
thoroughly convinced that economy and
humanity and a proper sense of rcspont'lbll
ity and duty toward these whom wo puulsi
Tor violations of federal law dlct'Jto lhat tne
federal government should have entire con-
Irpl nnd management of Uo penitentiaries
wlioro convicted violator. * nro confined. H
appears thai since Iho transfer of the Forl
Leavenworlh military prtoon to its now ut-os
. .hovork previously done by prlsonoro con-
Inod thero. nd for which expensive- ma
chinery has been provided , has been dlscon-
dniied. This work consisted of the niJi
'acluro ot articles fcr army use , now dons
elsewhere. On nil grounds It Is exceedingly
Icslnhlc that the convicts confined In this
icnltcnllary bo allowed to rcsumo work of
bin dnicrlptlon.
It Is most gratifying to note the sat-
afactory resulls lhal have followed Ihe In
ausurntlon of Iho system provided for by the
act of May 28 , 1S9G , under which certain
'edoral ' officials nro compensated by salaries
notoad of fees. The now plan was put In
operation on Iho 1st day of July 1S9S , and
already the great economy It enforces , Its
ireventlon of abusoj and Its tendency to a
> ettor enforcement of the laws are strikingly
apparent. Detailed evidence of the uyoful-
icss of this long delayed bul now happily
accomplished reform will bo found cloirly
set forth In the attorney general's report.
OSTAI. nHI'AUT.IIHXT AKKAIKS.
SirvltiCreally K.vtcmled nnil lli-lli-K
CiiiiHlilt-ralily Ili-iluc-i-il.
Our Postoffice department Is In good con-
llllon , and the exhibit made of HJ opera-
Ions during thn llscal year ended June 30 ,
89G , It allowance is made for Impcrfcc-
tons In the lawn applicable lo U , Is very
allsfaclory. The total receipts during the
car were $82.199,203.10. Iho lola I ex-
pcndllurcs $90.626.286.81 , exclusive of $1-
i59.S98.27. which was earned by Iho Pacific
nllroai'.s for transportation and credited o-.i
heir debt to the government. There -wen &n
ncrcsse of recclpla o\cr the previous year
f $5.51GOS0.21 , or 7.1 ptr cent , nnd nn In-
rcaso of expenditures of $3.83fiI2.02 | , or
.42 per cent. The deficit was $1,079,956.111
CM than that nf the preceding yi-ar.
The chief expenditures of tlie- postal fccrv-
co are regulated by law and are not In iho
antrol of thu postmaster general. All that
.o can accomplish by HID must watchful
drnlnhtratlon and economy is to enforce
rompt and thorciigii collection and ac-
cuntlng for public moneys and such minor
avlngs In small expenditures , and In letting
thcae contracts for pottotllcu supplies and
itar acrvleo which are not regulated by
Jtatute.
An effective co-operation between the au
ditor's olllce nnd the I'ngtclllce department
mid thu making and enforcement of ordcr.i
by the department requiring Immediate
notlf'-atlon ' to their ( iiirctles of any dclin-
qprflcs en the part of pcMma.iteni and
ompvlllng uii'-b pivni-iMtcni to make more
irciucnt deposits of postal funds , hnvo re
sulted In n prompter auditing ot their ac
counts nnd much Uw < default to the gov
ernment lhan heretofore.
The year's report shows large extensions
of both star route service and railway mall
service. Wllh Increased postal facilities
much higher accuracy tu handling malls h.m
also been reached , as appears by the de
crease of errors In the railway mull service
and the reduction of mall matter returned
to the dead letter office * .
( mmof tlio Dellelt.
The deficit for Ihe la t year , allhough
much lew than thai of the , last and preced
ing years , emphasizes the Wceaslty for leg
islation to correct the growing abuse of
sccond-cUm rativ < , to which the deficiency
Is mainly attributable. The transmission nt
the rnto of 1 rent n pound of serial li
braries advertising slicrta , "Ilou. e organs"
( periodicals advertising some particular
"house" or Institution ) , aample copies , nnd
the like , ought certainly to bp dl-ietntlnued.
A rslanco ni the revenues received for thr
work dt.no last year will show more plainly
limn any other statement HIP gross abuse
of tbo postal service nnd HIP growing wnatp
of Ita earning. ? . The free matter parried In
the malls for the department office-s , etc. ,
of the government , nnd tor congress , In
pounds , amounted to ! M.4SO,1S9. If this Is
offset ngalnst buildings for pmtoffices nnd
stallons. Hie rental of which would more
than compensate for such free postal serv
ice , wo have Ibis exhibit : Weight of mall
matter ( other than above ) , transmitted
through the timlKs for the year ended June
30. 1S9G :
WclRht In 1'oundn. Itcvcnuc.
I'lrst Clncn Domestic ntul
forplun lcltpr nml postal
rnr.li , etc Gr.,337,313 JCO.C2I.4C1
Secnml Xewfpapcn nml
IH rloilloals , 1 ci-nt per
jmunil 31 ,5SSCIS I.OOC.IOJ
Thlnl Honks , vcpil * , etc. , S
rents | > cr iinuml 78,701,115 10,311.OC3
Kourth I'nrcpl.i , etc. , 18
cents n pound l9.9Ti0.1 7 3.120.S21
Totnls 512.977.32G J77,0lt.2r.7 .
The remainder of our postal revenue ,
amounting to something more than $5,000-
000 , was derived from box rents , registry feen ,
money order tHUlncas and other similar
Items. The entire expenditures nf the de
partment , Including pay for transportation
credited to tbo Pacific r.illrnad'3 ' won $92.1Sii-
195.11. which may bo conalderrd as the- cost
ot receiving , carrying and delivering the
above innll ma'.ter. H thus appears that
though the second-class matter constituted
more than two-thirds of the total that was
parried , tbo revenue derived from It waa
loss lhan one-thirtieth of the- total exoenco.
The- average revenue from each pound of
first-class matter wns 93 centii. from each
pound of second-class irnitter 8 < 4 mills ( of
the second-class fi2.3IS.2n7 wa3 county free
mailer ) , from each pound of llilrd-class 13.1
renta , from cacb pound of fourth-class 1G.6
cents.
--iiiii1 > CliiNM Matter AIniHi-n.
The growth of weight ot second-class mat
ter has l-een from 299.000,000 pounds In 1S94
to 312.000,090 In 1S9 : . . nnd to almrat 319.-
000,000 In 1S9G , nnd It la quite evident thli
InrrcMlng drawback Is far outstripping any
passible growth of postal revenues. Our
mall service should , of course , be such os
to meet Hip wants and even the conveniences
of our people , nl a dlrecl charge upon them
so light n.s perhaps to exclude the- Idea of
our Posloffico department being n moneymaking -
making conce.-n. but In the fnco of a con
stantly recurring deficiency In Its revenue *
nnd In vlow of the fact that we supply the
best mall serviceIn Iho world. It seems to
me It Is qullellmo to correct the abuses thai
Vvcll enormously our annual deficit. If we
concede the public policy of carrying weekly
newspapers free In the county of publication
and even the policy of carrying at Irsn
than one-tenth of their cost other buna fide
newspapers and periodicals , there can bo no
excuse for subjecting the service to the
further Immense and Increasing IcfiJ Involved
In carrying at tlio nominal ratp of 1 cent a-
pound the serial libraries , sometimes includ
ing trashy and even harmful literature- , and
other mutter whlrh , under the loose Inlcr-
pretatlon of n loose statute , ban been gradu
ally given sccond-clara rntts. thus nbiorblnn
all profitable rctui'na derlvi-d from first-clan
matter , whlrh rava three or four tlmo-
moro than Its co-U , and producing a largi-
annual less to be- paid by general taxation.
If such second-picas matter paid merely tbc
ccst of Ita handling our deficit would dis
appear and a surplus result , whlrh might bo
used to give the people still better mall
facilities or cheaper rate or later postage.
I recommend that legislation bo al once
cnaclcd lo correct these abuses and Introduce
better business Ideas In Iho regulallon of
our pcat.il rates.
Home Hofiiriiin Vorilcil.
Experience rnd observation have demon-
stralcd. that certain Improvements In Hit-
organization ot tbo Pwtoffico department
muit be secured before wo can gain the full
benefit of the Immense sums expended In Us
administration. Tha ! Involves the following
reforms , which I earnestly recommend :
There ohould be a small addition to the
existing Inspector service , to be employed
In the supervision of the carrier force ,
which now numbers 13.000 men. and per
forms Its service practically without the
surveillance exercised over all other branches
of the peatal or public service. Of course ,
such n lack of supervision nnil freedom from
wholesome disciplinary restraints must In-
ovllably lead lo Imperfccl service. There
should also bo appointed a few Inspcclors
who could asslsl the central office In neces
sary Investigation concerning maltera of
postofilco leases , postofficc sites , allowance * )
for rent , fuel nnd lights and In organiz
ing nnd securing Ibo best results from the
work of the 11.000 clerks now employed
In 11 rat nnd second-.cln.is olllrns. I am con
vinced lhat the small expense attending
the Inauguration of Ihrso reforms would
actually be a profitable Investment.
I oapeclally recommend surli a recasting
of the appropriations by congress for the
PostolIlcTj department * ns will permit the
poftmaslcr general to proceed with HIP
work of consolidating postofllccs. This work
lies already been entered upon sufTlcieiilly
to fully demonstrate , by experiment and experience
perience- , that such consolidation Is produc
tive of better service , larger revenues , nud
less expenditures , to nay nothing of the
further advantage of gradually withdraw
ing pcstofllccs from the spoils system.
1-oMlnl Union Ci > nKir.HH.
The Universal Postal Union , which now
embraces all Ihe civilized world , and whoje
delcgales will repreacnl 1,000,000,000 people ,
will hold Us fifth congress In the city of
Washington lrMay , 1897. The- United
Stated may be said to have taken the Initia
tive which led to the first meeting of this
congress at Ilerne In 1871 , nnd the forma
tlon ot Ihe Universal Postal Union , which
brings tbb postal service of all rountrlm
lo every man's neighborhood and has
wrought marvcU In cheapening postal rat re
and securing absolutely safe mall commu-
nlpatlon throughout Ihe world. Previous
oongrcmn have met In Ilrrnr , I'arls , Ustiou
and Vienna , nml the rcuppctlve countries In
whlrh they have assembled have made gpn-
c-rous provision for Ihclrt accommodation v-
and for Hu > reception nnd entertainment of
thp delegates. In view of the Importance
of this aMpmhlflgc1 and of Its dellberatlo i ,
nnd of the honor * nml hivipltalltlrA accorded
to our representatives by other countries on
similar nrcMlomt , I earnestly hope that such
nn appropriation will bp made for the ex
penses npressnrlly attendant upon HIP com
ing meeting In our capital city AB will tip
worthy of our national hospitality mid Indi
cative of our appreciation of thp event.
V.VVV IS U UO\VI\f { > " MIV.I.Y NOW.
Work on f'onlrn.rl * AiitlinrlKril Pro-
ivi'i'txe * llniililly mid SntlNfiietorllj.
The work of the Navy department and In
prone-tit condition nro fully exhlbltod In the
report of the secretary. Thp rnnnlrui tlon
of vessels for our IIPW navy has been en
ergetically pici-pcuted by Ihe present admin
istration upon the general line's previously
adopted , HIP department having BPPII no
necessity for radical changed In prior nipth-
od.s muter which the work was found to bo
In progression In n manner highly satlsf.ic
lory. It has been decldevl , ho.u ver , to
provide In every shipbuilding coiitracl Hint
the builder should pay all trial expenses ,
nnd It has also been dctcrmliieM to pay no
speed prem'ums In future contracts. The
premiums recently earned and some yet lo
bo cltvIdr l are feature * ot tbo contracts
made before * this conclusion wns reached.
On .March 4 1R93 , there were In eommls-
slon but two armored vessels , the double-
turrctcd monitors MKintonnmah nnd Mon
terey. Since lhat dale , of vessels thereto
fore * authorised , thcro have been placed In
their llrst voinniL'ulon three llrst-rnss ! ami
two second-class battleships , two nrmored
crulsem. olio hnrbor defense ram and five
doubbMurictcd monitors. Including the
Malnd nnd therurltnn , Just completed.
Klgbl new ininrmorcd cruisers nnd two new
gunboats have also been commissioned ,
The Iowa , ni.other battleship , will be com-
plet'il aleut March 1. and at least four
moro gunboats will be ready for sPa In
the early s | ring. It Is gratifying to stnto
lhat our ships nnd their outfits are believed
to be equal to the best that can be manu
factured pinwhereand that such notable
reductions have been made In their cost ni
to Justify UK * stntemenl lhal quite a num
ber of vessels are now being construclrd
at rates ns low as those that prevail In
European shin yards.
Our manufacturing facllltloD are nt this
tlmo ample for nil possible naval con
tingencies. Three of our government navy
yards , these at Mare li'lnnd. Cnl. . Norfolk ,
Va. , and Itrooklyn , N. Y. , nro equipped for
shipbuilding , our ordnance plant In \ Vnuh1
Inglon Is r < | iial to any In the world , nml nt > Jl-
llio torpedo Ptalloii we are suecpnsfully mak
ing thehlghest griuU-s of Miiol-eOcss | > owder.
Three first-class prlvntu '
i'Mpynrds al Newport -
port News , I'hllndplphla and Sun 1'YnUPi.ieo ,
are building bnttlci'Musi ; eleven contractor ! ' ,
sltrati-d In tbo Mates ? of Maine , llhode- Maud ,
I'ennt'ylvanln , New Jersey , Maryland ,
Virginia and the state of Washington , are >
constructing gunboats or torpedo boats. Two
plants arc innnufnelurlnt ; large- quantities ot
tlrot-clnfj nrmor. and American factories nro
producing automobile turpedor.s nnd powdor.
proje-ctile-s , rapid-lire RIIIIS' nnd everything
else ne-re".uary for the complete ) outfil ot
naval vessels.
There have been authorized by congress
Huco .March , 1S93 , live battlei'hlps. ' six light
draft gunboats , sixteen torpedo boats mi'l '
the oubinarlno torpedo bent. Contracts for
the building of nil them have been let. The
| ) ? erolnry cxpreuics the opinion thai we hnvo
for the present a sufficient supply of erulners
nnd gunboats , and that here-after the cou-
t'tructlon of battleships nnd torpedo boats
will supply our needy.
Much attention has been given to the
methods ot currying an departmental liut'l-
ness. Importunl modifications In the regu
lations have been made- , tending to unify
the control of c-hlpbuildlng , ns far n3 maybe
bo under the bureau nf construction and re
pair , and alto to Improve tlio mode nf
purchasing supplies for the navy by tbo
bureau of supplies and ncpountn , The e'tab.
llshmcnt , under receiil nets of congress , of n
supply fund , with which lo purchase the-eu
lapplles In larr.o quantities , and other modi
fications of methods , hnvo tended materially
to their cheapening and better quality.
So in e Mutter * of Hi-lull.
The War college has developed into nn
Institution which It Is believed will bo ot
great value to the navy In teaching the
science of war ES well no In t > tlmulatlng pro-
fciolonnl zeal In the nnvy , nml It will bo
especially useful In iho devising of plans
for the utilization. In case of necessity , of
all the naval resources of the Untied Slnten.
The rccrelary has persistently adhered to
the plan l.o found in operation for it-curing
labor at navy yards , through bonrdu of labor
employment , and line done much to make It
more complete ami efficient. The naval
officers who are familiar with this pyntoin
and Its operation express the decided opinion
lhat Us results hne bee-n to vastly Improve
the characlcr of the work done at our yurda
and greatly re-duco Its cost.
Discipline among the ofllccrs and IIIPII ot
the navy hns been maintained to a high
standard , and the percentage of American
citizens cnllt'tcd hns been very much In
creased.
The Mcrctary lu concldi-ring. nml will
formulate during the coming wlnte-r. n plan
for laying up ehlps In losorve. tho-eby la icly
reducing the cost of maintaining our vcsbeds
p.lloat. This plan contemplates thai battle-
whips , torpedo touts and mich of tbo
crultero ns nro not needed for active wrvlPo
nt sea Dhall IIP kept In reserve with akelolun
crcwii on board to ke-cp lliom In condition ,
cruising only enough to Insure Iho ellli leney
of the ahlps and their crews In tlmo ot
activity. The economy to result from this
fVtcm Is lee obvious to need comment.
The Naval Militia which was authorized
.a few je-ara ago as an experiment , has row
developed Into n body of unlcrprlslng youim
men. active and cncrgcllc In the dlschargo
of their ilutlcH nnd promising great useful
ness. This establishment barf nearly tbo
same relation to our navy ea the National
guard in the different Hlntcs bears to oui
army , and It constitutes n onurco of supply
for our nav.il forces the Importance of
which 1 Immediately apparent.
IMJI'AKTMH.VT OK Till : I.VTIjII lOlt.
llllHllll'HM Of ll'l'l llllTI-Nt (
ill till * U'liolc I'tMIIlll- .
The report of the secretary of the Interior
present * * " n comprehensive nnd lntere tlni
exhibit of the numoroua and Important nf-
( Contlnucd on 1'ngo Five. . )
THE BEST NATURAL APERIENT WATER ,
Bottled at the UJ HONYADI sPrlDft Unto Pest ,
Considering the nature of the Hungarian
Water Springs , it must obviously be desirable for the
medical profession and the public to be assured authori
tatively that the working of these Springs is carried on
in a scientific manner , and not merely on commercial
lines , and with this view the Uj Hunyadi Springs , from
which " Apcnta " Water is drawn , are placed under the
absolute control of the Real Hungarian Chemical Institutu
( Ministry of Agriculture ) , Buda Pest.
PricGQ : 15 Ccuta and CD Cents per bottlo.
OF ALL DIWGG1STS AND MWKRAL WATER D1ZALEHS.
Soft
THE APOLLINARIS COMPANY , LIMJTED
SEE that the Lnbc ! bcara the well-known RED DIAMOND Mark of
TUB Ai'ouuNARin COMPANY , LIMITED.
Employed at thu lending IIosrriAi.s in Nr.w YORK , HOSTON ,
Pim.AiJKi.riiiA , UAITIMOKK , CHICAGO , etc. , and at the
HOSPITALS in