I 1 IS OltfAIIA JJAJJjY
/'IIWtT'T 1 'PIA\T AH IfAVlMTPf tAT/
IIRCLLAIIONOI1 HIONLi SLAM ,
Somewhat Short Per Onpil.ii but Long in
Expressiveness.
NAMES , POLITE AND OTHERWISE
tiinlHlilim Vtitulicr of Popular Mul-
in me * fill * On ; Mcilliiiu oT 12\-
cliiuiuc ItccnIlliiK * > lil
for in N uf Co I n n K ' .
It Is a fart well known to every linguist
that language- reflects not only the thoughts ,
fecllncK end aspirations of those who use It ,
but , also in no small degren the every day
< vlal itte of the people. Language changes
with a change in the clrcumstancts and sur
roundings of those who uie It , says the St.
Xouls Ol'ibiDemocrat , and periods of na
tional ptosperlty or adveislty are often
If Indicated by the class and character of the
ivords aid repressions that eomo Into being
nt sudi tltiipa. Our own civil war , for In
stance , was prolific In new words ; dozens
nf them came Into being on both sides In
that great struggle. The period of southern
reconstruction was equally productive. Times
of peace arc not generally so rich In new
expressions , the blessedness of a nation
whoso annals are dull being easily set forth
without a icsort to unusual words or forms
of expression , hut periods ot war and In
tense p"liilrat or social excitement are cer
tain to have their effect on thu language
nt the people , sometimes to such an extent
that , were thu new words of a language
tabulated chronologically , It might bo quite
.possible to determine the kind of convul
sion undergone by the nation from the char
acter ot the expiesslons Invented to set
forth the state of popular feeling. Only a
period of war rould have produced such a
word as "skedaddle ; " only Intense political
iiatrcd could have brought Into being a wonl
like "woolyhcad" as applied to a political
part } : wlillo "ku-klux kl.in , " "bulldoze"
nnd similar words carry a world of history
in their syllables.
vYOUDS AND SOCIAL LU-'I3.
Thu manner and extent In which a Ian
Kuagn may relied the social life of the pee
i -p. pie using It Is strikingly Illustrated by the
° * * statement made by an eminent philological
authority , that the Arabic has fifty-two syn
onymous names for the aword and but eight
for religion. From the dawn of their his
tory the \rabs have been men of war. In
n certain sense their hand was against every
man. and every man's hand was against
them. They have never learned , oven In
modern times , to employ the Improved
weapons of civilization , and , although the
use of gunpowder was forced upon them ,
their firearms are ot the most primitive and
wretched description. The sword is now ,
nnd always has been , their favorlto weapon ,
and the effectiveness with which they use
It has been attested on moro than ono battle
field where the troops of clvlll/ed states ,
with all the advantages conferred by re
peating firearms of the most recent con
struction , rapid-firing cannon , and the
strategy developed by the Ingenuity of able
military leaders , have not always been able
to contend with naked Arabs armed only
with the sword. The Arabs have always
the sword In linnd ; they swear by the
sword , they worship the sword. Itellglous
nfter n fashion of their own. they neverthe
less are not Inspired by their faith as they
are by the sword , so they have few names
for religion and a multitude for their fa
vorite weapon. A critical Investigation of
the different leading languages will show
something of the same general truth , thnt
the temper and habits of a nation arc in no
inconsiderable degree reflected by Its lan
guage. If It Is commercial , there will be
found In Its language a wealth of commer
cial and business terms ; If scientific , the
terminology of science will show that fact ;
If agricultural pursuits or mechanical em
ployments engross the attention of the
masses ot Its people , these facts will be
faithfully reflected in the language.
THK LOVE OF MON'RY.
If the philologist of future times attempts
from the language of America to ascertain
what may he the prevalent passion of the
people of this country ho will be easily ex
cused for concluding that It Is the love of
money. The conclusion would bo legitimate
.wero It drawn from only listening to the
conversation of the people ono meets on
the streets , In the store and In the public
conveyances. Two men are earnestly con
ferring In nn olllce ; In nlnety-ulno cases In
ono hundred they are talking about money ;
twenty couples of clerics or business men
are going home in a street car ; nineteen
of them are talking about money ; you
pass two strangers on the streets , and the
mnglc word "dollars" floats back to your
ears ns they go by. lioinls and mortgages ,
loans and Interest , rents and profits , pur
chases nnd sales , personal and household
expenses , the price of meat and bread ,
the cost of bonnets nnd dresses , the thou
sand and ono other topics that men and
women most commonly discuss when they
discuss anything at all , are of Importance
solely as they relate to money. During the
last few months the streets of every city
in the country have resounded with a
ceaseless Jargon of gold and silver , of
ratio and parity , of in to 1 and the dollar
of our daddies , of demonetization , remon-
ctlzation , hard times and the crime of
lS7t : all about money. Nor Is It strange
that It should absorb so large n share of
onr thoughts , for , as under the present con
ditions of society , money represents most of
the things thnt makes life worth living.
Carlyle says : "Whoever has sixpence Is sov
ereign over all men , to the extent of the
sixpence ; commands cooks to feed him
philosopher * to teach him , kings to mount
guard over him , to the extent of the six
pence. " The dollar , even the silver dollar ,
when In hand , is n friend that never falls ,
and means educntlon and refinement , good
clothes and books and opera tickets , small
bottles and line houses nnd horses , pretty
wives , delicate viand : . , pews In fashiona
ble churches , soul-stirring pulpit oratory
and delicious choir mush' .
NA.MKS KOK MONEY.
The Immense number of names fqr that ,
the love of which Paul assures Timothy la
the root of nil evil , Is not. therefore , strange
when the t-ii'versul desirability and useful
ness of the urtlclo In question are consid
ered , It lo , however , remarkable how. In
nearly every case , the iiumo bestowed on
the medium of trade Is. or at one time
was , u slang or cant expression. Kven the
word gold was once undoubtedly slang , for.
whether It bo derived from the Old German
or Old Celtic , In the ono case It meant "the
yellow , " In the other "tho bright , " and only
by a figure of speech rould It have been
\ibcd ns a noun to designate Iho precious
iiiotul , The iiamo dollar was oneu slang , he-
Ing applied to thp ounce pieces coined liy a
certain Herman , Count Joachim , who In a
thai , or v ft I ley , In his rather limited domin
ions , had a silver mlno. The pieces became
well kmivn tharoughotit Germany , and. In
nlluslon t < lie place where the silver was
mined , ih. wcro called "thalers. " or "vnl-
loyern , " T ' .IP name proved popular , was
generally adopted , and finally emigrated to
Kngland , where they became "dollars , " and
was In common use : as early ns the time of
ShakBpcare , In whoso pla > s It la once or
twice found. The Hngllsh pound was orig
inally wlint Its name Implies , a pound of
liver , which was divided by weight Into
twenty portions , ieh of which was called
a shilling , from on old Saxon or German
word signifying to weight. A slang name for
the ( lermrn traders In the Saxon and early
English days was esterllng- and , ns their
jnoney was the best In western Kurope.
. 'sterling silver represented the purest kind ,
mid by and by , shortened lo sterling , was
applied to Kngllsh coin of die required
standard of weight and quality. The franc
was originally the coin of the Franks or
French , a iiamu that BCCIUS to have been
bestowed upon It In tome other country than
Prance , and adopted there after It had be
come familiarized by use abroad.
AMK1UCAN SLANO.
The American language , rich In slang ot
every description , Is particularly BO with 6
rcfcrenco to money , lu thin respect there
are several ktmU of slang. There an < na "
tional varieties , slang names which are up-
piled and understood all over thu United
Klntes and local designations which obtain
iu limited geographical areas. Thu latter ,
however , U must bo confessed , are not nu
merous , for the railroad and telegraph have
made ull American communities next door
neighbors , and a word current lu one la not
low iu finding iti way to thu rest. The
'
; newspapers , altvayn on the watch for an
' Interesting Item , are quick to give publicity
to a now bit of ftlang , and If written In at-1
tractive form , a parftgraph rrabodylng a
fresh slang term Is sure to go the rounds
ntul be quoted In the press of every largo
city In the country. Money slang In the
most quotable variety , and If a new name ,
having popular qualities. Is Invented for
money In any quarter of the country , how'
over r mete from the large centers of popu
latlon. the chances are that In a few weeks
It will be on the tongues of city men and be
hcnrd In the hanks and offices and on the
streets of New York. Chicago nnd St. Louis.
No people on earth arc fonder of variety than
our own ; no people are quicker to adopt a
new Idea , fashion or word. In some coun
tries , England for Instance , there seems to
he a prejudice against novelty , but there Is
none among us. A new political nickname
Is certain to obtain popularity If It has ap
proprlatcness and euphony ; a new slang
iiamo for money has Just as much chance
for adoption , for even In slang there are
fashions. The slang of one age becomes the
nirront speech of the next , and thus It Is
that In seriousness we use many words which
our grandmothers solemnly proscribed to
their children lest these should be thought
vulgar on account of using slang.
GOVHUNMKNT NOTKS.
The notes Issued by the government dur
Ing and since the war have been known by
nmny slang names. The demonlnatlons of
the notes have given rise to several. The
$100 notes were , almost Immediately after
their nppearanre. denominated "centuries. "
a term which did not come Into great pcpu
larlty , not because It was not appropriate ,
but because comparatively few persons
handled or even sow the notes of this de
nomination. The notes for $10 were more
common and were with equal promptness
dubbedv .x's tens , tenners and several other
namrs not quite so appropriate. The notes
for $ . " were , on account of their value , called
v's. lives and livers , just as the notes for
$1 were called ones , oners nnd the like.
The color of the notes gave nicknames that
proved Instantly popular. The name green
backs , ns applied to the government's notes ,
justified Its own use. both by the predom
Inant color on the hack of the n | tes and
by the appropriateness of the designation.
Nobody ever thinks of this name nl. slang ;
Indeed It Is now used in the olllclal reports
as an authorized form of expression to des
ignate these notes. Many St. Louis residents
recall an Issue of city notes during an emer
gency that arcse n quarter of n century ago.
These notes were printed on paper the re
verse of which was of a brown color , and
very soon after their appearance they
wcro nicknamed the brownlmcks , nnd con
tinued to bear this name during the whole
time they were In circulation. Attempts
were often made to nickname the govern
ment notes from the protralts that ap
peared upon them , but these were never
successful. Calling a note a Washington ,
or a Jefferson , or a Franklin , never , for
some reason , caught the fancy of the people
ple , and such nicknames did not prove pop
ular.
KOIl PAT'RK MON'RY.
The name "paper money" Is , of Itself , of
slang origin , dating- from the war Issues of
government currency , but there were many
others which also proved exceedingly pop
ular , and some are still In sue. "Uncle
Sam's 1. O. U.'s" was a favorite euphemism
during the war , and Is even now occasion
ally heard , while "bills , " an expression bor
rowed from banking use. is almost univer
sal. "Certificates" can hardly be called a
slang term , being an appropriate name , sug
gested by the fact that one form of our cur
rency bears on Its face the statement , "This
certifies thnt there has been deposited In
the Treasury of the United States five sil
ver dollars , payable to the- bearer on de
mand. " This note Is. therefore , In the strict
est sense of the word , a certificate of de
posit , and has a good right to its name.
"Circulating medium , " often applied to our
paper currency , Is an expression borrowed
from the war-time statutes which used It
to designate the various issues of currency ,
and "legal tender" comes from the state
ment made en certain of our national notes ,
witnessing that they ore a legal tender for
all debts , public and private , save duties
on Imports and Interest on the national
debt. "Itags , " as a slang name for paper
money , dates from the time of tbe green
back craze , this Idea being facetiously
known as the "rag baby , " from n series
oC cartoons drawn by a noted eastern cari
caturist , and Intended to ridicule the theo
ries o' the advocates of this scheme. "I'las-
lers" probably took Its origin from the sug
gestion that a government note Is a poul-
Uco of considerable elllcacy for many ail
ments , both of person and pccket-book , but
how "shlnphistcrs" ever came Into being is
a mystery , for the human shin stands no
more In special need of plastering than the
human elbow. "Toeplaster" was a name
given to the subsidiary notes Issued by the
government during the war , and , no doubt ,
was suggested by their smaller size , as
compared with the "shlnplasters. " "Slncws-
of-war" appears In the Congressional Rec
ord of tbo first year of the war , though
It Is as old as the time of I'lutarch , who
puts It In the mouth of Cleomenes , and
'ways and means" unquestionably arose
from the name of the house committee
whose duty It is to look after the llnunclal
affairs of the government.
THR SILVRIl DOLLAR.
The coin which has caused the silver advo
cates so much mental disturbance during the
last few years has nt the same time given the
facetious no little opportunity to sharpen
their wits. The "dollar of our daddies" Is a
misnomer , It having been coined , not In
the days of these venerated men , but In
those of their daddies , and , therefore , would
be better known as the "dollar of our
granddaddleH , " but any attempt to correct
a slang usage Is labor wasted. The "al
mighty dollar" Is said by one authority to
have for Its Inventor no less a personage
than Washington Irving , though half a
dozen other names are credited with It ,
while "cartwheel" bears the earmarks of Its
popular origin. "Almighty dollar" Is al
most classic In Its dignity. "Cartwheel del
lar" comes up Into literature from men who
are moro familiar with horses than with
books , with pitchforks than with pens. It Is
near of kin to "coaaliwheel dollar , " which ,
how over , Is evidently un attempt to Improve
upon It , to make It aristocratic , to put good
clothes on It and introduce It Into society.
"Financial circles. " as a name for the big
silver coin , Is rather artificial , wlillo "du
cats" and "slmoeleons" savor strongly of u
Shakespearean origin , but "counter ringers"
nnd "pocket weights" nro thoroughly pop
ular , as well as thoroughly American in
character , and no wonder can bo felt at
their widely extended uso. "Round moons , "
ns a nickname. Is suggestlvo , but rather too
fanciful for common use ; our people are of
so practical a turn of mind that the moon
In Imagery Is at a discount , nor Is there
miy special connection between llnanco and
astronomy , though "Roll on , Silver Moon , "
a line song popular when our fathers were
courting our mothers , might well bo revived
nowadays for the benefit of the silver en
thusiasts. "Plunk. " "plunkers" and
"pinion" are good enough , In their way , for
slang'uue , but a clergyman who Invited his
congregation to "shell out their shpckels"
for the benefit of the heathen would proba
bly he regarded as lacking in dignity ;
though In another circle a request for the
loan of n "slug" or a "ringer" or a "fat
plunk" would not bo considered as n mlsmt
of language nave by the man unwilling to
comply with the request.
'
FOR SMALL CHANGE.
The $101) note has but one nickname , and
that la exceedingly appropriate as well as
dlgnltled. It needs no num > , for I hero are
thousands of persons In this country who
have never seen u note of this denomina
tion , but cveiybody has seen small change ,
though , perhaps , not as much as he wished
to tee , and the commonness of this species
of money haa suggested scores of sobri
quets , appropriate and the reverse , grave
and gay , elfuslvely funny and humorously
pathetic. The "nickel , " as a name , was
suggested by the common Idea that this
metal entered most largely Into the compo
sition of the coin. It is thus a misnomer ,
as thu piece consists of 75 per cent of CUD-
per and only 25 per cent of the metal which
gives It a name. "Car fares , " a slang name
for the samu piece , Illustrates the universal
ity of thU method of transportation , while
"chicken feed , " as a nainn not only for the
cent pieces , but alco for other small change ,
undoubtedly came from the rural districts.
"Flipper-up" suggests a frequent use to
which the nickel Is placed In certain cir
cles. "Pennies" and "picayunes" indicate
the contempt , moro pretended than real ,
Into which our smallest coins have fallen.
The latter miino , like "bit. " preserves a
morsel of history not familiar to Rcneral
readers. "Picayune , " now used as a syn >
onym for the smallest value expressed In
uioucy term * , uua ouco the name of a
1
' special coin. It was worth about 6H cents ,
' and at one tlmo , during our colonial days ,
when all sorts of coins p Mc < 1 current nt All
I
| sorts of valuations , circulated along the At-
1 ' lantlc coast. The "hit , " now only a money of
account nnd most familiar In the well
known form "two-hits , " a synonym for the
. * > cent piece , wni also at one time a
coin , equal In value to one-half the
Spanish plsteroen and worth a little more
than 10 cents. When the PiiRllsh shilling and
the Spanish plslcreen were supplanted by
our own familiar "quarter , " the names re
mained long after the rolns had disap
peared. "ShllllnR" has now finally disap
peared from use. save along the Canadian
border , where prices are frequently made
In both kinds of money , but the "bit" we
have still with us.
GENERAL NICKNAMES.
There arc great numbers of slang names
for money In general without regard to the
material or the denomination of the notes
or coins. In tough circles It Is denominated
"stuff , " "slush , " "balsam , " "hoodie , "
"chips , " "tips , " "dough. " "moss , " "ochre , "
"the needful , " "open sesame , " "pewter. "
"poncy , " "thp ready , " "dust. " "scads , "
" " " " " . " Nor does
"salt , "sand , and "spondullx.
this catalogue exhaust the list , for there
are also "the wherewithal , " "the world-
movers , " "what-we-work-for , " "tin , "
"sugar , " "swag. " "svclter , " "soap , " "slats , "
"scrip , " "screeds , " "rocks , " "rhino , "
"quids , " "new lights , " "lucre" and "filthy
lucre , " "horey , " "Jlnglers , " "Jocks , "
"loaves and fishes , " "greed , " "gelter , "
"tips , " "fat , " "doots" and "dooteramus , "
"daces" and "darby , " "cases" and "cans , "
"bobs. " "blunts" and "antes , " besides hun
dreds of other , some quite unfit for the ears
polite. Whether the English or the German
Is the moro flexible or adaptable language
U a question about which philologists will
perhaps always differ , but In its capacity
for slang the English Is certainly not sur
passed by the German or any other lan
guage spoken on the earth , and this capa
city has been tested to the uttermost by the
people who speak the English tongue when
discovering or Inventing names for the most
desirable article of which they have any
knowledge. Various attempts have been
made by enthusiastic reformers to better
our speech by the elimination of all slang
terms , anil even the dictionary makers ,
whoso legitimate business It Is not to re
form languagp. but to record the usage of
the day , have lent their assistance In this
direction by neglecting or refusing to record
slang names , as not being a legitimate part
of the language. There aro. , however.
thlliKs beyond the control of even so po
tential nn authority ns the maker of a dic
tionary , and slang is among the number.
As long as there Is money there will be
familiar and slang names for it ; the people
will discover or Invent them for themselves ,
nnd , though the purists may rage and the
dictionary makers Imagine vain things , the
torrent of slang will How on undisturbed.
T\VH > TV VOTKS l-'Oll M'ICIVI.KV.
OIKiliriiHUa Family Will Alforil
( lint Unity TIM * I . 'n II.
HERMAN , Neb. , Sept. 1. ( Special. )
"Twenty votes In ono family , and all McKinley -
Kinley shouters from 'way back , Is a pretty
good record In Nebraska , " said the man of
populistlc appearance , "and this state so
badly needed by Hryan , too , at the coming
election. Dut such Is the fact , and you
can verify It for yourself If you like. "
T. G. Davis of Herman was the speaker.
He went on : "I have nine sons , three sons-
in-law and seven grandsons , all voters ,
which. Including myself , makes twenty
votes in nil.
"I was born 'n ' 1S1S , In Washington county ,
Ohio , at what Is known as the foot of the
long reach at the head of Iatton ! Grape
island. I was married in 1S34 and emi
grated to this state in the fall of 1SG2 anil
homesteaded a piece of land In Hurt county
near where tbe town of Hlalr now stands ,
nnd lived there continuously till nboui
three years ago , when I moved to town. Say ,
but this was n wild looking country then
and very lonesome. Sometimes we woulil
not see a stranger's face for weeks , anil
I never realized what society was till ]
got hero and had none. If anyone hat
told mo then that I should live to see a
railroad running by my farm and be but
u couple of hours' ride from a mctropolitai
city like Omaha I should have said ho was
crazy. It almost seems like a dream when
I stop to think what there was hero thei
and what there Is now. The changes have
come so fast I can hardly keep track of
them.
"You don't often hear of a family as large
as mine nnd as old residents. I never
thought much about it till throe years ago ,
when mv wife and I celebrated our golden
wedding anniversary , and when wo came
to Invite our old friends and neighbors wt
found a good many of the pioneers were
gone , never to return , but time has dealt
kindly with us and I am very thankful.
"In politics I was first a whig and voted
for General William Henry Harrison for
president In 1S40. I was at the birth of
the republican party in IBS' ! nnd have reg
ularly ever since voted that ticket and all
of my family has always voted It and I
am going to vote for McKlnley and Hobart
this fall , and as far as I know all the boys
will , too. "
Mr. Davis Is halo nnd hearty and says
he has never had n headache or tootluohe
In his life. He believes In observing the
laws of nature and moderation In all things
and to this and a contented nature ho thinks
are due his strong vitality at his ad
vanced age. From present appearances In ?
will probably outlive many younger men.
TI.MIIIIK ; M.\KIIIS KKFIISI ; A CUT.
Anri-r ( o 1'liilNliViirk \ < > \v nil Hum .
mill Will Thru WulU Out.
HEAVER FALLS , Pa. , Sept. 1. A meetIng -
Ing of the employes of the Rochester
tumbler works was held In Freedom this
afternoon and by an almost unanimous vote
It was decided not to accept the 20 per
cent reduction proposed by the firm. The
reduction Included every employe of the
plant and was to take effect tomorrow morn
ing. The men , at the request of the com
pany , agreed to work out the glass now In
the pots at the old wages , after which they
will refuse to continue until their old
wngcs are restored.
TinI , ml lex.
The pleasant effect and perfect safety with
which ladles may use Syrup of IFgs , under
all conditions , makes It their favorlto rem
edy. To get the true and genulno article ,
look for the name of the California Fig
Syrup company , printed near the bottom of
the package. For sale by all responsible
druggists.
I.IIIVH.
WASHINGTON , Sept. 1. The State de
partment has received a report from Con
sul Mil tli at Madgcburg , Austria , as to the
new Austrian sugar laws , framed In co
operation with Germany. The consumption
tax Is raised from $ M5 to Jli.26 per 100 kilos ,
nnd the total amount of export bounty to
be granted by the government Is Increased
from * 2r,02.000 to $8,1141.100. The new law
went into effect August 1 last. The effect
of this will bo to further aid the develop
ment of the Austrian sugar Industry. Con
sul Muth says Franco has advanced the du
ties on sugar In order to keep out thu com
petition or German sugars , and ho predicts
that this autumn Franco will Increase the
export bounties In order to meet German
sugars in the world's markets. I
f
FOIt .MlltVOtS WO.MK.V. 1I 1 I
llorNfiiril'N Aolil l'liiiHiliui | ( > ,
Dr. J. I ) . Alexander , Charlotte , N. C. . nays :
"It Is pleasant to the taste , and ranks among
the best of nervu tonics for nervous fe
males. "
Ship Supnr Around CMIIIHorn. .
WASHINGTON , Sept. 1. The diversion
of Hawaiian trade from San Francisco to
Now York U commented on by Consul Gen [
eral EI1U MI1U at Honolulu In a report to
the State department. Ho says the exports
this year uru almost double those of last
year , reaching J8.748.02G for the year ,
against 54,949DIG last year. Most of this Is
sugar , of which $2,457,032 has been carried
around Cupe Horn direct to New York , In
stead of uolng via San Francisco. One
large shipment has gone around tbo Horn
to Boston.
It doesn't matter much whether sick head
ache , biliousness. Indigestion and constipa
tion are canjed by neglect or by unavoidable
circumstance * ; UuWltt's Little Early HUers
will spt-tMlly cure thtna all.
HOTTEST PLACB ; ON EARTH
It is Not Tophet , Nor3 Arizona , but a
Region oflPcrsia.
AND WATER IS MIGHTY SCARCE
of IViniterntiinc In ( lie Slinde
Unit OutcliiMN riilciiMo "ml .New
Turk ( ininliUM Hot
.MnfT.
When we wilt , swelter nnd perspire under
the nfilictlng temperature of our hottest
summer days , we have ono unfailing consolation
lation : It Is hotter somewhere else. In
one region only of the terrestrial surface is
such relief denied. Thnt region Is the hot
test place on earth the unhappy area In
which the agonized Inhabitant Is over
whelmed by the fact that anywhere else In
the world the weather Is delightfully cool
by comparison , writes Marvin Dana.
All will he glad to know Just where the
hottest' piece on earth Is. In times past
there has been much disputation over the
subject , but the authorities are now agreed
on the spot I am about to name. Curiously
enough , this territory Is not a descit , not
even the Arlzonn plains , although a poet
described them by declaring that the lost
spirits , wandering from their Infernal
abodes , stood on the border of that region ,
with eyes blinded by the sun's reflected
glare , then in terror hurried hack to their
sulphurous lakes to avoid the heat ! No.
the hottest place In the world Is , with all
respect to ocean summer resorts on the
scashorel
The region of maximum temperature Is
an extensive area on the Persian gulf , n
part of the southwestern coast of Persia.
This territory Includes also the Hahreln , or
Aval , Islands. Throughout this belt the
heat Is something tremendous. June , July
nnd August nro terrific , unendurable , save
to the natives , and hideous to them. Day
after day the mercury will marl : moro than
100 degrees In the shade. Hy day here 1
mean the diurnal twenty-four hours. Think
of It , you who look with fearful eyes on
the thermometers that register 100 nt noon
time. Imagine the horror of striking a
match at midnight and reading 110. It
hardly seems possible , yet It Is officially de
clared that tills frightful heat Is not ex
cessive In that country ! Often 140 degrees
In the shade is attained in the afternoon.
The Islands are a small group named after
the largest , llahreln. They llo between latItude -
Itudo 25 degrees 30 minutes and 26 degrees
SO minutes north , and longitude CO degrees
and CO degrees 30 minutes east , llahreln
Itself U about twenty-seven miles long and
ten miles broad. The population Is fairly
abundant , numbering 75,000 In the group
of Islands. The natives are for the most
part Arabs , governed by a sheikh , who pays
tribute to the sultan of Oman.
The island of Hahreln Is the one pecu
liarly cursed. In the Interior the ground
Is hilly with a fertile soil that produces
wheat , barley , dates , ngs and the like.
There are abundant spring ! ) of good water.
This Is the Interior. On'tlie coast there Is
the awful heat that shrivels this part of the
world and there Is no water , only the un-
drlnkable salt waves 'of the Persian gulf.
There are no springs. 'Those of the Interior
are practically unavailablein ! that land of
rude conveyances and clumsy methods of
transportation. Ono con scarcely Imagine
the tormenting position of those Arabs.
Of course , they are ilot an badly off as
Americans would be imder1 like conditions ,
since they have never acquired our taste
for Iced drinks especially Ice water.
However , their case ( s a desperate one. It
would seem to us. Yet they manage very
well , for they do procurb a llttlo water. Tin ;
way In which they acquire the precious fluid
is sufficiently curious. ' They get it out of
the sea. How ? you ask. They have no mys
terious process , whereby thcJ salt Is removed
from the sea water and' brine Is made n
thirst-assuaging beverage. 'No. the water
they get comes out of the sea , but It Is not
sea water.
A mile from the shore of Hahreln are the
treasured springs of fresh water. The spark
ling wells bubble up through the sands in
the bottom of the harbor. There is a depth
of hundreds of feet of salt sea over them.
Into which they merge nnd nro forever lost
nt the moment they Issue from their subter
ranean courses. Hut there they arc ; there
they have been for hundreds , even thou
sands , of years. Hidden In the ocean's
abyss , they have , nevertheless , been discov
ered by man. and from their supply the
city of Manahmah , a thriving commercial
center , and all the others towns , and every
separate hut of the coast , gain all the water
that Is used for drinking purposes.
The means taken for securing the water ,
before It mingles witli the brine , are , nt
cnco simple and arduous. Divers nro sent
down from boats stationed over the springs.
The divers Invert their goatskin sacks over
thn Bushing waters , so that the jets may en
ter the hags' mouths. Each bag when
filled is closed water tight , and the thing Is
( "one. These divers nro a numerous class ,
and one whose employment never ceases ,
Elnco the demands of thirsty are constant.
It Is estimated that 1,000 sacks are filled
dally from the suhmirlno wells.
The sources of these springs are unknown.
They are , perhaps , to bo found In thp Inte
rior hills of ilahreln. or they may exist In
.the more distant ridges of the mainland.
Anyhow , there are the springs , nnd they
are the salvation of the coast. Without
them the sea border would bo uninhabit
able. Inasmuch ns repeated efforts to escuro
water by artesian wells , even when the
shafts were sunk to a depth of 509 feet ,
1 ave failed.
The most extraordinary part of the whole
matter Is the fact that these springs weri
ever discovered. The manner of their findIng -
Ing Is n profound mystery. Ono savant haa
suggested that In primeval times the present
bottom of the harbor , where the wells nro ,
was above the surface of the water. Ac
cording to this theory , the springs were .
known when they were thus nbove the sea
level , and , as the water mounted gradually , 1
a knowledge of their location was preserved
after their submergence.
For my part , I prefer to believe that the
springs were discovered accidentally by
divers. The Hahreln Islands are famous for
their pearl fisheries , known to the ancients
as to the dealers of today. They export
rearls to the value of from $1,000,000 to
jl.KOO.OOO annualv. ! $
It Is not unreasonable to suppose that
some time In the course of centuries ono
of the myriad searching pearl divers came
upon the fresh water springs , nnd realized
their nature and thnlr worth.
As you quaff your .cold , beverage with
thirsty relish , as you , thus'solace , yourself [
during the enervatlngwarn , , | waves of our
cummer , remember the. hot.belt , of the Per
sian gulf , remember mldnljiht In waterless
Hahreln and ho happy.
Anlltlii-HlN or "Coin. "
FALLS CITY , Neb. . Sopti 1. ( Sppclal. )
A young tramp struck tow-n the other day
and Immediately commenced arguing In
favor of the gold standard , The crowd became -
came so dense that Itvas impossible to
pass along the sidewalk. Today the mar-
Fhal finally got the crowd In the court
house yard and several hundred men are
listening to the "tramp politician" give
It to the sllverltcs. Ho , Is unusually well
posted ,
llronlilyn IN ICi'ouoiiilcnl ,
PHILADELPHIA. Sept. 1. The new
fighting cruiser , Brooklyn , has returned
triumphant to her doek nt Crump's ship
yard. After leaving Hoston. the two for
ward enplnes wcro uncoupled , In order th.it
testw might bo made of the uhlp'H cruising
iropcrtlcM under various conditions. Naval
Qlllcerx state thnt the r Mil It of these ob
servations will show that the Hrooklyn Is
the most economical cruiser afloat.
DlHliiinoreil DrnflM.
When the stomach dishonors the drafts
nl a do upon It by the rest of the system , U Is
necessarily because Its fund of strength ls
very low. Toned with Hosteller's Stomach
Hitters , It soon begins to pay out vigor in
the shape of pure , rich blood , containing the )
elements of muscle , bane and brain. As a .
sequence of the new vigor afforded the etoin-
u'h , the bowels perform their functions rrg-
nlarly. and the liver works like clock work.
Malaria has tie effect upon & system thus
reinforced.
CANNOT SXVAM.OW 1'MUJIi StLVKII.
T. S. AnnMroim of lloyil f'outilj-
WrHr * o 111 * Driitocrntlp llretlirrii.
IIUTTE , Neb. , Aim , 24 , lSflO.--To the Dele
gates of the Hoyd County Democratic County
Convention : Gentlemen t tak thlo mHhod
And opportunity of resigning the otllce of
chairman of your honorable body. Tor
twenty years 1 have been n consistent demo
crat nnd In an humble way have wotVcd
and labored for ! h < > success of democratic
doctrines , bellcvclng them to be right and
Just. In those long years U has been mv
sorrow , In common with thousands of other
democrats , to almost Invariably go down
to defeat , but we went smilingly , cheered
with the reflection that In the advoeafy
of the principles of the Immortal Jefferton
and Jackson we weio doing our duty as
good citizens , and though defeated our cause
would ultimately triumph. Such eventually
proved the case , but In the meanwhile thpre
became engrafted In our party false doc
trines that have resulted In n divided democ
racy , with , what 1 consider , the false am
deluded element In the ascendancy.
1 will briefly state a few of my persona
reasons for bolting the nominees of th
party and my support of MeKlnley ant
Hobart. It will probably prove an unpal
ntahle dose , hut 1 propose to prove to yol
that the man now posing ns the candldnt
of democracy for president , William J
Hryan , Is the responsible head for the dc
structlon of the democratic party In N'o
brnska nnd bids fair to eternally dlsrup
what Is left of that grand old party In the
United States.
In ISilO the democratic votp of this slat
was 71,000 , the republican vote GS.OOO , th
populls" vote 70.000 and the prohlhltloi
vote 3.000.
In 1S)1 ! J. II. Ilroady. nominee for BU
prcine- judge on the democratic ticket , was
at the Instance of the Ilryan crowd , with
drawn and no democratic votes were pollci
that year.
In 1S)2. [ ) under the leadership of Ilryan
and his free silver followers , the demo
cratlc vote was reduced to 44.000 , whlk
the republican vote stood 18,000 and the
populist vote f.8,000.
In 1893 Frank Irvine , one of the mosl
highly respected citizens of tbe state , ani
against whose democracy not one word couli
be truthfully said , was the nominee of the
democratic party for supreme Judge. Hi
had always been a stanch supporter of W. J.
Ilryan. but on the money question they dif
fered and In that campaign Mr. Hryan then
and there taught us how to bol't by bolting
the- regular nominees of his party and his
personal friend. That year the democratic
vote took another slump and the returns
showed ns follows : Democrat , 37,000 ; repub
lican , 72,000 ; populist. C3.000 ; prohibition.
C.OOO ; on the face of which it looks as though
several thousand democrats took the water
route that year.
In 18U4 , still under the leadership of the
man who was demonstrating his ability to
swamp the party , thu otllclal returns show
that the democratic party of the great state
of Nebraska only polled C,9S5 votes !
It will thus bo seen , and the olliclal re
turns will bear out the statement , thnt under
the leadership of Mr. Hryan the democratic
vote of this state from 1S1IO to 1894 , dwindled
down from 71.000 votes to less than 7,000.
With n loss of over 01,000 votes In five years
Is It any wonder that I refuse to longer
acknowledge the leadership of this man who
has wrecked the party by the heresies ho
has preached and tried to have adopted.
In 1S93 , the democratic party having finally
brcome divided on the money question , a
free silver candidate for supreme Judge was
put up by the Ilryan crowd and ono by the
sound money wing. The result showed that
the Ilryan candidate only got 10.079 votes ,
while the candidate of the sound money men
got 1S(13C. (
In the light of these facts and figures the
national convention of the alleged demo
cratic party at Chicago saw' fit to throw out
the delegation of the regular democracy of
this state uml honor the delegation of this
past master party wrecker with high stools
In the convention.
In fanatical zeal , after a wild burst of
oratory , they placed Hryan in nomination
for the highest olllce within the gift of the
people , upon n platform that advocates de
based money , that insults the highest tri
bunal In the land , that throws a protecting
arm around anarchy and lawlessness and
that Is an open bid for the support of all
the disorderly elements of society.
It Is unnecessary for me to rehearse the
second act in this national drama , the cul
mination of the Mason between tbe demo
cratic and populist party at St. Louis. It
Is enough to bring the blush of shame to
all true democrats , and , mark the predic
tion , the head with two tails of this politi
cal monstrosity will never wiggle Into the
white bouse.
For the foregoing good nnd sufficient
reasons we could not support the Hryan-
Scwall-Watson ticket and have left the dem
ocratic party , hence we tender our resigna
tion as your chairman and earnestly ask
you , one and all , to assert your manhood ,
your patriotism , sink partisanship for the
nonce and vote for the welfare of this great
land by casting your ballots for McKlnley
and prosperity. Very respectfully ,
T. S. ARMSTRONG ,
Ex-Chnlrman Hoyd County Democratic Cen
tral Committee.
'
Many a day's work is lost by sick head
ache , caused by Indigestion and stomach
troubles. Dewltt's Little Early Risers are
the most effectual pill for overcoming such
dlfilcultlcs.
CHATTEL MORTGAGE SALE.
WhorcuH , For the purpose of securing the
fcllowlng promissory notes , executed to J.
II , HnlHoy and Smith , Limited , for ami In
bc'lmlf of Peters Uasli company nnd Colum
bus Huggy company , to-wlt ; Ono
dated March 10. ISM. iluo August II , ISM ,
for $ leu."i.ra ; one dated April II , ISM , iui >
August 2.1 , 1MW , for $2,319.01 ; ono ( luted April
14 ISM , duo August "C , 1SC ! , for $1Ki3l',2 : out
dated April 14. ISM , due August 26. ISM for
S2.170.SI ; ono dated April 11 , IVJil , duo Sep
tember 4 , ISOfi. for $2109.55 : ono dated April
14 , l M , ilue September 4. ISM , for $1.73ii.fi. > ;
ono dated April 14 , 1S9C. duo September C ,
nw for $2,201.S7 ; one dated April 14 , ISM.
due September S , 1S9I5 , for $2,217 9S ; one dated
May 1. 1VJG , duo September 10. 1S9C , for
j2.4UI.SI ; one dated April II , ISM , dun Sep
tember 12 , ISM , for $2,109.r.r ; one ilnti-il April
14 , ISM , clue September 13 , ISM , for $2.1Cl..r)7 ! ;
ono dated May I , U ! l , clue September 15 ,
ISM. for $2SU.20 ! ; ono dati'il May J , JSOfi due
September 18 , 1VJO , for $2.910.01 ; one dated
.May 1 , ISM , duo September 2.1 , ISM , for
$ .1,111.1H5 : one dated May 1 , ISM , iluo October
, ISM , for f2.0uri.ri. ; one dated May 1 , ISM ,
due. October 2 , IRflO for $2,2W.W ( ( ; one dated
May 1. 1S''r > . due October 0 , JbM. for J3077.M ;
one dated May 1 , I'-M. duo October fi , 1SG ! , ,
for $ lrlll.31 ; ono dated June lii , 1S9H , duo
October " , ISflii. for $2,481.20 ; one dated Juno
Ifi , 1SW ! , | lue October 29 , ISM , for $22I4.,0 ; ono
dated Juno IB , ISM , duo November 3 , 1S95 ,
for $2,311.00 ; one dlited Juno 13 , ISSG , duo
November 4 , ISM , for $22S15Tj ; ono dated
June IS , IMtG , duo November D , 1S90 , for
lpor.77 ; ono dated Juno 13. ISM. duo No
vember fi. IfiM , for $2,4fi1.21 ; ono dated Juno
13 ISM , due November 7 , ISM , for $2,574.2Sj
one dated July II , 1MG ) , duo November 11 ,
ISM , for 51,294.47 ; one dated JUIIP 27 , ISM ,
due November 17 , ' . ? M , for $1,010.00 ; one
dated Juno 27. 169fi. dun November 19 , ISM ,
for Sl.OM'jS : on the 29th ilay of July , jf , ! C ,
George M. Paters and Clinton u. Firestone ,
inrtners under the llrm name nml style of
Columbus Huggy company and Peters Dash
company , executed nnd delivered a eliuttej
mortgage to J. li. Halsey & Smith , limited ,
In the. HIIIP of J.VJ "Mi.M ) . iiDon the following
described goods and chattels , to-'vlt : All
of a certain Htoelt of bugglew. puiu-tnim , sur-
reyH , earring' ' : : . v ' 1iieien. Harness , lilcyelrs ,
whips , robeH nnd merchandise owned by
Raid ColiimbUM Uugsy company ami I'U | I-H
Dash company In their hrui.i li house , sllu-
uted at l'i'Ji-lfilO-1012 ' ' Ilarney street. In the
I'lty of Omiiha. County of Douulas and
Stuto of Nebraska , which Bald mortgage
L-ontnlned the condition that In en no dc foil It
be innilo In thn payment of the above men
tioned notex or In any part thereof , at the
time limited for wrh payment , Ihi-n all of
Bald obligations should bccomu due , and
then U should be lawful for Dm said J. II.
Iliilsoy & Smith , limited , to take Huc'n goods
nnd chattels and dlspo.sti of the KUIIIH ut
liubllo or pilvatu sale , and out of the money
nrlslntr fiom mien sale to pay thi costs
of Helling Iho Hiiino and thu amount duo
upon nald obligations.
WhercaH , Default has been madu In the
payment of the llrst of thn above mentioned
note * , and J. 11. HulHey& Smith , llmllrd ,
lave declared nil of nuld notes due. ami that
Lhen > Is due J. U. Halsey & Smith , limited ,
thereon J.V.i.T'W ' W nnd no Hull or procucdr.ivi
Iwvo been Instituted to recover the ii bt
secured by the nald mortgage , or any part
thereof , and xald mortgage WHH filed for
record lu thu oilicu of thu county cleik of
Douglan county , Nebraska , on tlio 1st day
of August , ISM ;
Therefore. Notice. Is hereby given that the
undersigned mortgagees will sell till of the
nhova described property ut the building
known n lfiOS-lG10-lr 12 Hartley Hi reel , in
Iho ICty of Oinuhii. Nebraska , on Tuesday
thn 8th day of September , IWtfi. lit eleven
'ulock In the forenoon of mild day , at pub
lic sain to thu highest bidder theruon for
ash , and that thu proceeds thereof will bu
ippllcil to the payment of the H.ild mart-
gji G ilebt.
Dated at Omaha , August 17th , 1698.
J II. llalsey & SMITH , Limited.
Hy I3artlctt. lialdrluo & UcHord. attor
neys. AHd20tm
I SIDEBOARDS
$ -"ARE MADE 1
BEAUTIFUL
with cut glass in combina
tion with GORHAM t
SILVER : Wine and Beer
| [ Sets , Decanters , Whiskey
Jugs , Liqueur and Cordial
Flagons , etc. v The rich
ness and beauty of these
designs arc highly pleas
ing to the artistic taste ,
If while the sense of pro-
pricty is satisfied with the
knowledge that they arc
unquestionably of Stirling
quality * * > * . * ? * i& o' ! /
§
W Too good for Dry Goods Stores
Jewelers only.
C. S.
S , E , Cor. 15th and Douglas
PROPOSED
CONSTITUTIONAL
AMENDMENTS
The following proposed amendments to th
Constitution of the State of Nebraska , as
hereinafter set forth In full , are submlttcil
to the electors of the State ot Nebraska , ti
bo voted upon nt the general election to bt
held Tuesday , November 3 , A. I ) . ISDfi :
A joint resolution proposing to amciii1
sections two (2) ( ) , four (4) ( ) , and five (5) ( ) , ol
artlclo six ( C ) of the Constitution of tin
State ot Nebraska , relating to number of
Judges of the supreme court and their term
of olllco.
Ho It resolved and enacti'd by the Legis
lature of the State of NebraHku :
Section 1. That section two ( - ) of article
six ( G ) of the Constitution 01 tno Stain of
Nebraska be amended so as to read us fol
lows :
Section 2. The supreme court shall until
otherwise provided by law. consist of live
( D ) judges , n majority of 'vbom shall be
necessary to form a quorum " to pro
nounce a decision. It Rlmli nave original
Jurisdiction In cases relutllifc ' " revenue ,
civil cases In which the state Hhall he a
party , mandamus , quo wurninto. habeas
corpus , and such appellate jurisdiction , as
may bo provided bv law.
Section " . That section four O ) ol article
six tfi ) of 'ho Constitution of the st.ii of
Nenrusica , amended bo aa to read as fol
lows :
Section 4. The Judges of the supreme
court shall be elected by the cloeiors of
the state nt large and their term or olllce ,
except as herelnniter provided , shall be for
a period of not less i.ii live i.j ) years ns
thn legislature may prescribe.
Section 3. That section live (5) ) of artlclo
six ( G ) of the Constitution of the State of
Nebraska , bo amended to r < " > d as follows :
Section 5. At the first Roneral election to
bo held In the year 1S90 , there shall be
elected two judges of the supreme court
ono of whom shall be elected for a term of
two (2) ( ) years , one for the term of four (4) ( )
years , and at cni-h general election there
after , there shall be elected one Judge of
the supreme court for the term at five (5) (
years , unless othorwlso provided by law ;
Provided. That the judges of the supreme
court whose terms have not oxplred at the
tlmo of holding the general election of ISTiG.
Hhall continue to hold their olllce for the
remainder of the term for which they
were respectively commissioned.
Approved March - ' ! > , A. D. ISM.
A Joint resolution proposing nn amendment
mont to section thirteen (13) ( ) of artlclo six
of the Constitution of the State of Nebraska ,
relating to compensation ot supreme and
district court Judees.
Uo it resolved by the Legislature of the
State of Nebraska :
Section 1. That section thirteen ( IS ) of
article six ( G ) of the Constitution of the
State of Nebraska bo amended so us to
read ns follows :
See. 13. The Judges of thn supreme nnd
district courtB Khali receive for their ser
vices such compensation as may bo pro
vided by law , pay a Me quarterly.
The loglslr.J.'ire shall at Us llrst session
after ihc adoption o. ' this amendment ,
three-fifths of mo inemtjerx elected lo
each house concurring , establish their
compensation. The compensation so es
tablished shnll not IK. cbanur : ! aftener than
OIIPO In four rears nnd It ; ; io event unless
two-thirds of thp members elected to each
house of the legislature pnueur tnereln ,
Approved Marrh 30 , A. D. 1SD3.
A Joint resolution proposing to amend
section twenty-four (21) ( ) of artiulo flvo ( G )
of the Constitution of thu State o ! Nebraska ,
relating to compensation of the officers ot the
executive department.
Ju It resolved and enacted by the Legis
lature of the State of Nebraska :
Section 1. That section twenty-four (20 (
of article live (5) ) ot tbe Coivitltutlon of
the State of Nebraska be amended to read
as follows ;
Section 21. The ollleers of the executive
department of the slnto government shall
receive for their services a compensation
to be established by iaw , which shnll he
neither Increased nor diminished during
the term for which they shiill have been
foinmlssloned nnd they shall not receive
to their own use any fees , costs , Interests
upon public moneys In tlieir hands or
under their control , perquisites of ofllcn or
other compensation , and all fees that may
hereafter no payable l > y law for services
performed by nn olflccr provided for In
thl ! < shall bu paid In nuvanco Into
the state treasury. The legltnuiuro Hhall
nt Its first session after the adoption ot
this amendment , three-OfthH of the mem
bers elected to cneh house of the legisla
ture concurring , establish the salaries of
thn otllcers niimeii In this artlclo. The
compensation HO establish * " ! Hhall not bo
dimmed oftener than once In four years
and In no event unless two-thlids of the
members ulected to eiieh house of the leg
islature eotipur therein.
Approved March 23. A. D. 1K)3. )
A Joint resolution nroposlnc n t
section one (1) ( ) of artlclo six ( * > of the Con-
tltutlon of the State 01 Nebriuika , relating
o judicial power.
Ho It resolved and enacted by the Let'ls-
ature of the State of Nubraskji-
Section 1. That section ono (1) ( ) of artlclo
Ix ( G ) of thu Constitution of Iho Statu of
Nebraska bo amended to read us follow * :
Section 1. The Judicial potver ot tills slate
hall bo vested li : a supreme rourt , dlH-
rlet courts , county courts , juntlcoa of the
iciico , pollei- magistrates , nnil in sueli
other eoi > r' . " ' ) " < -nor lo the cusrcmo court
s may be created by law In which two-
birds of Iho members elected t each house
oncur.
Approved March 29 , A. D. IM.'i.
A Joint resolution proposing to amend sec-
Ion eleven (11) ( ) of artlclo fix (6) ( ) of the
Constitution of the State of Nebraska , re-
atlng to Increase In number of miprcme
ml district court judges.
Ho U resolved and enacted by the Leg.
slaturo or the State of Nebraska :
Section 1. That section eleven (11) ) ol artl-
do lx ( G ) of the Constitution of thu Stutu
of Nebraska bo nmeiiUed to read tin fol-
lows.
Section 11. The legislature , whenever two- \
thirds of thu members elected to ach IIOUHU
shall concur therein , may , in or , , fter thn
year ono thousand eight hundred nnd
ninety-seven and not oftener limn once In
evi-ry four years , imrt.iactno number of
judges of supreme and district courts , and
the Judlcliil dlKtrlcU of the stale. Such
districts shall be formed of compact terri
tory , and bounded by county lines ; and
uuch Inureasu , or any change In iho
boundaries of a district , shall not vacate
the olllco of any judge.
Approved March 30. A. D. , 1S93 ,
A Joint resolution proposing to amend
Kuctlon six ( C ) of article ono (1) ( ) of thu C'ou-
- . _ - - . _ ,
I
stUiiiuii ( f the State of Ntbrnskfl , relating
. \o trial by Jury ,
lt > u ti solved. , ind i-imeted by Ih6 'Leg-
I 1.-.1 ituix 'ft tt.i S'.itn of Ni-bniska.
I Si-i ti'in 1 Tii it section six tii ) . artK-lr ono
1 (1) ( ) of 'ho Constitution ot lh > State of No-
I brusUn Iw unii'iuled fn i-poil us follows ,
i ' Sfttlon ii. The ilKhl 01 tilnl tiy jury shall
rom.iiii Invlohite. but the ieglslaturp ma >
provldu Hint In dill aellnux live-sixths ot
thp J--ry finv render upniirt. . nnd the
loftlsmttiio liy also uiiihnilE" trial by n
liirv of n IPS * number than twelve men
fn eolirts Inferior ( o the district court.
Approved March , A. n. . ISM.
A Joint resolution proposing to
section one ( I ) of at tide five to ) of the Con
stitution of Ncbrnski , t elating to officers of
the executive department ,
lie It resolved nnd enacted by the LegIslature -
Islature of the State -f Nebraska.
Section 1. That section one tl ) of artlclo
live (6) ( ) of the Constitution of the Stnto
of Nebraska be amended to read as fol
lows :
Section 1. The executive department shall
consist of n governor , lieutenant governor ,
sprii'tiit } ot state , auditor of public ac
counts. trpiiMirri , supcrlulrudent of public
Instruction , attorney K > > tu > nii , eominlsslniHT
of public hinds mid buildings , ntul tliveo
railroad commissioner ! ' , eiteli of uliciin ex
cept the mild rnltiond i oinmliHloiiri-s. nlmll
hold his olllce fur n teim of two years ,
from the first Thursday nftur the first
'J'm-ailay In January , ntier his election ,
and until hi * successor is elected and quull *
lie' . ICach railroad commissioner slill :
hold hi * oltlce for a term uf three years ,
beginning on the ! ! i'st 'J-iinsaay after the
llrst Tuesday In J.iuuaiv niter his elco.lon ,
uml until his useeessor Is elected and quail-
tied ; Provided , however. That ut the first
general election held after the adoption
of this amendment thnc shall be elected
three railroad commlssloni > ts. one for the
) > erlod of pin- year , ono fol MH- period of
two years , anil one lor UHpeilod of thruo
years The governor , secietnry of stnte ,
ixudltor of pliblle accounts -Mid trensuier
shall reside ut the cajillol during their
term of olllce ; they sbnll k . r the publlo
records , books -iinl nnpefs there , unit shall
perform such dutl"s as may be requited by
law ,
Approved March SO. A. n. , 1S93.
A joint resolution proposing to amend sec
tion twenty-six (2G ( ) of at tide tlvp ( a ) of tbo
Constitution of the State of Nebraska , limitIng - *
Ing the number ot executive state oltlcers. (
llo It resolved and enacted l > v the Leg
islature of the State of NeliMs" ! ; , ; :
Section 1. That section twenty-six (2i1) ( ) of
article live (5) ) of the Constitution or the
State of Nebraska be amended to read ns
follows :
Section M. No other executive state offi
cers except those named lu section one (1) ( )
of this article shall be created , except by
nn net of the legislature which Is con
curred In by not less than three-fourths
of the members elected to eaeh housu
thereof :
Provided. That any olllce created by nn
net of the legislature may be abolished by
the ImlHlature. two-third * of the meinheM
elected to earh bouse tbereol eo
Approved March 30. A. IX. ITO.
A Joint resolution proposing to amend
section nine (9) ( ) of article eight ( S ) of the
Constitution of the State of Nebraska , pro
viding for the Investment of the permanent
educational funds of the state.
He It resolved and enacted bv the Leg
islature of the State of Nebraska .
Section 1. Thnt section nine ill ) of artlclo
eight ( S ) of the Constitution of the State
of Nebraska bo amendea to lead ns fol
lows :
Section 9 All funds belonging to Iho state
for educational purposeji the interest mid
Income whereor only are to he used , shall
be deemed trust funds held by the state ,
and the state shall supply nil losses there
of that may In any maniior accrue , so that
the same shall remain tar vcr Invlolntu
and umllmlnlshcd , niul s.iall npi 1m In
vested or loaned exceiit < m Tutted Slates
or mate securities. o > legintertd county
bonds or registered school nistr : . 1 bonds
of this stale , and sue ) > fuims , with the
Interest and Income thereof nro hereby
solemnly pledged for thn imrposcs for
which thpy IMP granted ami set apart , nnd
shall not be transferred to any other fund
for other uses-
Provided , The board creau-J ay section
1 of thi * arlirlr : = mnntm = - . > d to sell from
tlmo to time -irty of tti" securities belong
ing to the permanent school fund and In
vest the proceeds arlsinc tlieivlrom In any
of the securities cnuni-riited in this sec
tion bearing a higher ruto of Interest
whenever nu opnor'-mity lor better Invest
ment Is presented ,
And provided further. That when any
warrant upoi : ihs Ht'i 'reasurer regu
larly Issued In pursuance of nn appropria
tion by the legislature and secured by the
levy or a tax for Its payment , shn'll bu
presented to thu sluto treasurer for payment -
ment , nnd there uhali not tie any money
In the propel mini iu i > ay such warrant ,
the hoard created by P'vtlon 1 of this aitl-
do mny direct the state uvnsuror to pay
the amount due on such warrant from
moneys In his hands belonging to the per
manent school fund of the state , and ho
shall hold rtihl warrant UK an Investment
of snld permanent school fund.
Approved March 29 , A. IX , I&93.
A Joint resolution proposing an amend
ment to the Constitution of the Stnte of
Nebraska by adding a now section to artlclo
twelve (12) ( ) of said constitution , to bo mini-
.
Ing of the government of cities of the
metropolitan class and the government of
the counties wherein such cities are lo
cated.
His It resolved nnd enacted by the Leg
islature of the State of Nebraska :
Section 1. That artlclo twelve (12) ( ) of tha
Constitution of tbe State or Nebraska bu
amended by adding to said nitle.le a new
section to lit numbered section two (2) ( ) . te
read as follows :
Section 2. The govertiniPiH of any city ot
the metropolitan class and the government
of the county In which It Is located may ho
merged wholly or In part when a proposl-
lion so to do has been submitted by au
thority of law to the voti-is of such city
mil county and receive * ! ihs assent of n
majority of the votes c.ist in such city mid
also a majority of the votes cast In the
county exclusive of i.n cnst lu such
metropolitan city nt such election.
Approved March 29 , A. IX. 1 5.
A Joint resolution proposing nn amendment
to section six ( G ) of article seven (7) ( ) of the
Constitution of the State of Nebraska , pre
scribing the manner In which votes shall
bo cast.
Ho It resolved and enaeUd by the Leg-
slature of thn Stitto n * Nebraska :
Section 1. Thnt flection six Hi uf iirtlrln
seven (7) ( ) of the Constitution of the State
if Nebraska bo amended to read as fol-
own :
Section fi. All votes shall ho by ballot , or
such other method as may be pi escribed
y law , provided the secrecy o ; voting bu
ireserved
Approved March 29 , A. I ) . . 1S93.
A. Joint resolution proposing to amend
section two (2) ( ) of artlclo tourtccii ( II ) of the
Constitution of the State of Nebraska , rula-
Ivo to donations to works of Internal Im-
irovemcnt and inunufnctorhM
llo It resolved and enacted by the Loel.i-
nitiro of the State of Nebraska :
Section 1. That section two (2) ) of nrtlclo
ourteen ( H ) of the Constitution of the
it ate of Nebraska , bo amended lo read n.
follows :
Section 2. No city , county , town , precinct ,
runlelpullly. or other stihillvMnii of ( no
ulnte , shall ever rnnkn donations to nny
\crks of Internal Improvement , or Tnanu-
aclory. unless a proposition so to do shall
nive been Mrs I submitted to the qualified
lector" and ratilled by a two-thirds vote
it ari election by niitlmrliy of jaw : Pro
vided , That Kiieh donations of a county
vlth the donations of siu-n subdivisions In
he aggregate shall not exceed ten per cent
> f the assessed viluntlon of such county ;
'rovlded , further. Tnat any city or county
nay , bv n thrcp-loiirths vote increase such
fidclilcnncsx live per -eni. in addition lo
mieh ten tier cci.i ana no minds or ovl-
lenccs of Indebtedness so l Hued shall 1r >
willd unless the. samn smill have endorsed
hercon a certificate signed bv the scorn-
ary nnd auditor of stale , showing that
bo same Is Issued pursuant to law.
Approved March 29 , A. JX , IS93.
I , .1. A. Piper , secretary nf utato nf the
lute of Nebraska , do hereby certify that
ho foregoing proposed amendments to the
. onstltutlon of thn State of Nebraska are
run and correct copies of the original en-
oiled and engrossed bills , as passed by the
rwenty.fourth session of the IcglHlaturo of
ho State of Nebraska , nu appears from
aid original bills on Illo In this olllco , and
hat all ami each of said proposed amend-
uents are submitted to the qiiftllflcd voters
f the Btoto of Nebraska for their adoption
r rejection at the. general election to bo
lold on Tuesday , the 3d day of November ,
. D . 189G.
In testimony whereof , I have thereunto
ot my hand and atllxed the great veal of
he state of Nebraska.
Done at Lincoln , this 17th day of July. In
ho year of our Lord , Ono Thousand 1C IK lit
lundred and Ninety-Bin , of thu Independ-
ncu of the United States the One Hundred
nil Twenty-first , and ot thin stuto th *
rhlrtlctb.
Seal. ) J , A. PIPKIl ,
Secretary of State
Aug 1 DtoNo\3 uioru ouly ,
