PART III. OMAHA UNDAY BEE ccccccccccccccccccccceoccd PAGES 17 TO 20. 'NE 3J ) , ] S71. 31 AHA , SUNDAY MOHINTN'G , JULY 14 , 1895 TWENTY PAGES. SINGLE COPY n\rI3 OHIO'S ' FAMOUS SENATOR A Chat with Hoiii John Sherman on Various Public Matters. FINANCIAL POLICIES , PAST AND PRESENT drcnt llonil Slle iif the Ilnftiintitlon | 1'orlod Tlin I'rtililrncf mill tlio I.r Asplrnnts for tlio Olllce Itrcnllrc- tlou * of a I'lilllUnl I'nul. ( OopyrlRhtndtn , b > Pronk O. Carpenter. ) MANSFIELD , O , July 11. "No. 1 am not a candidate for the presidency , and If all the people ot the United ( Sates should join to gether and offer It to me , I would not accept the position. I am too old. No man of 7 lias the right to undertake the work and re sponsibility which come to the chief cxecu tlvo of the United States. It la a position ot wear and tear , and It should ha\e a younger man. " These were the words of Senator John Sherman as we sat together In a llttlo sum iner house just back of his Ohio home , and feasted our eyes on one of the most beautiful farming scenes of the " "United States. Tor miles on three sides of us , rising and falling In billowy rolls , extended the fat farms of Illchland county , a vast crazy quill of many colored crops Away off to the right was the new Ohio reform school , looking like a castle with Its walls of gray stone work Nearer still In tlio valley were tlio b'g factories which have made Mansfield one of the richest towns and befit business points In tlio United State * and just In front of us fur off on the north ern tiorl/on lay the county fair grounds , where the races were thrn going on , and which Senator Sherman told me we could tec through his telescope , If I were Inter cstcd In the horses , or vvanteti to get a sight of Mansfield's sporting men. I was more Interested , however , In the coming race for the , presidency , and I had asked the sena tor point blank the question as to whether he would again bo a candidate The above was his reply. It came from his lips In firm , sharp nnd decisive tones , and I could Bee from the expression of his face that his presidential ambitions have passed forever. WHAT TUB OFFICE SHOULD BE. After making the above remark he stopped A moment In t-eemlng meditation , and then went on. "Yes , the presidency has always been a position of gr ° at wear and tear. It has broken down many men In the past. It will probably do the same In the future. And still I don't see why It should bo BO I have a different Idea of the presidency than that which has been held by many of our prot Idents. I believe tint the chief executive oh on hi be a man of leisure rather than an official hack , He should have time to con- elder and study the great matters of public policy connected with his office and he should not worry himself over details There should be left to his subordinates His cab inet ministers should relieve him from all I that drudgery They should be his assistants In i the carrying out of his policy. Ho should rely upon them to do their work and 1 ho should not devote his time and brain to examining the papers of petty postmasters or of the tide-waiters at every small custom house. Ho should rely upon his cabinet min isters to carry out his policy If they do netlike like his policy , and will not accept It , let him discharge them and take others. But he has no right to fritter away his vital force I-1" . on clerical details. " HOW ABRAHAM LINCOLN UULED. "What presidents have appreciated this fact , senator , " slid I , "and have saved them selves for the great questions with which they had to deal ? " Senator Sherman thought a moment , and then replied"Abraham Lincoln , I think , did so more than any of the others. He chose great men for his cabinet officers , nnd he trusted them He left each man to do his own work , and ho often laughed at the members of lilH cabinet on account of the fuss they made about their trouble with office seekers nnd their details of ofll- clul management. Lincoln's mind was taken up with the great things of the war. Ho had only one Idea , and that was to eave the union. This was the Idea that dominated the country and the whole north during his presidency It overshadowed everything else and It absorbed him. As for Cleveland , ho Is a busybody , and he must know cvcrj thing " "Who will be the republican candidate for the presidency , senator7" I asked "I cannot say I have learned not to prophesy much as to the future I can sec no further Into a millstone than any other man. What you ask us to the past I will bo glad to answer , but not as to the fu ture. 1 can only say that wo do not lack good candidates. ) There Is Heed of Maine His ability Is beyond question nnd he would bo acceptable to the republican party Ills locality Is against him , however. There Is McKlnlcy. He Is an able man and will make a good candidate. lie will , I believe have the support of Ohio , and I would like to see him nominated. Going further west wo flnd Senator Allison. He Is a tounJ limn and has a good record. Ho would make a good candid ito and a good presi dent. I think the situation Is such tint there Is little doubt of our electing a presi dent , and that a republican will take his seat In tlio white house In 1S97. " "What will be the Issues ? " "They will bo the tariff and the financial question. The democrats have to tampered with the tariff that they cannot raise enough revenue to pay the government's exp-nseb and this will have to bo remedied The sli ver question will come up In some shape's * other , and this may divide the democrat party. I don't believe that It will greatly In jure the republican party. " MUST HAVE A SINGLE STANDARD "Will the republican party ever espouse the cauw ot a double standard , senator ? " asked. "I think not , " replied Senator Shermin "You can't have two standards of money You may have gold or you may have tllver but > ou can't have both as stanJards. Al the present value and fluctuation of sllvet 1 don't think there Is any danger of the people ple choosing It as our standard There Is a wide mldmpresslon and misunderstanding concerning the condition of silver In the United States. Wo have more silver In use now than ever before There Is $500,000,001 worth of silver In circulation , which IB repre eented by silver certlttcates , and there Is $340,000,000 worth of gold As a reserve fund to redeem tlio gold , we havt 5100,000,000 In the treasury , or lesi than one-third. As a reserve turn to redeem the silver certificates we lia\i enough bullion and silver dollars to redeem them dollar for dollar In tllver. In othei words , there Is three times as much sllvei as gold u ed ana In circulation. The silver however , Is used as a i > ubsldlary coin W < will never ha\e anything like bimetallism It this country except at a change of ratio. Ni International agreement will ever be reaclui ( or the use of bllvor and gold at the ratio o 1C to 1 , which Is demanded by the free co'n age advocates of the United States. Tnl free silver movement Is made up of the ( ami elements which composed the greenbscl movement along late In the sevent cs The ; then sati } the country would go to ruin If tie government did not shovel out greenback by the hundreds of millions. T ey prophe , sled that resumption could never take pla"e , They always belong to that class who wan to contract debts in a dear money an ! thei change the laws go they can pay them In i c'icap'r money. They did not succeej In tin just. They canont succeed now. " HOW RESUMPTION CAME. "You were secretary of the treasury , Sen ator Sherman , under 1'rcildcnt Hayei , at th < tlmo of rs > notion , an ! you were author o the resu . . act. DM you not find I tailor to sa.ne than you thought ! " 11 Ye. ! . I sutpoio 10 , " said Senator Sher man. "I have always had faith In he business ability ot the American p'ople I have always believed In their honesty , Ie3d am an optimist rather than a pessimist , am J. oover lost faith In our ability to pay ou debts. When I became secretary of the treastliy I believed the debt could be re- dtteed , and that our rate of Interest could be lerscnud , though I had no Idea how quickly and how easily the latter could be done When I became secretary of the treasury wo had about $700.000,000 of re deemable G and 6 per cent bonds outstand ing , and there was a contract existing be tween a syndicate of bankers In this country and Eut po for the Bale of $300,000,000 of bonds at 4'4 per cent These bonds were to be sold for refunding purposes , and about $10000,000 worth had been sold before I became secretary I thought this could bo reduced , and I wrote a letter to the Roths childs shortly after I became secretary , telling them I proposed to withdraw these bonds as soon as their sale reached $200,000- 000 , as I expected to put a 4 per cent bond on the market. At this time there didn't seem to be much of a demand for the 4',4 I per cents They were below par In Europe , I and only a little above par here The an I nouncement of the prospective 4 per cents | caused them to rite , and wlthlng about [ \ tliico months the whole $200000,000 were taken The credit of th' country rose nnd I got par for my 4 per cent bonds Then con gress met , nnd thirteen bills were Introduced to repeal the resumption net , and a large number of other bills were brought forth to restore the unlimited coinage of the silver i dollar , which was then worth 85 cents In | gold. This scared the Investors , and the subscriptions to the 4 per cent bonds ceased Ai congress went on , however , It was teen that these bills could not pass , and during the next session the people saw that re sumption was to be a fixed fact , and the J per cents again eame up I had sold enough to give me a sufficient gold reserve , and on the 1st of January , 1879 , the government was ready to give coin for all legal tender notes To our surprise no one seemed to want It One well known financier of New York haJ said only a few months before that ho would give $30,000 to be at the head ot the line on the day of resumption. He could have gotten his place for nothing It was lalo In the day , only , that a few stragglers came In nnd asked for coin , and at the end of the first day of resumption , the government really had more coin than It had In the morning " CRAZY FOR BONDS. "But how about the bonds , senator ? " I asked. "They had been selling steadily , " was the reply , "and after resumption the people were cra y to get them One hundred and fifty million dollars' worth of the 4 p r cents were sold during January , and this against $25,000,000 the preceding month. We called In the 6 per cent bonds , and still the subscriptions Increased Along about the 1st of April the bonds began to appreciate , and there was a great rush to get them. One hun dred nnd fifty million dollnrs' worth were tnken In one day , and I received a tele gram one morning at a cabinet meeting at the while house asking for $40,000,000 woith of bonds I opened It leisurely , and when I looked at It I thought there was a mistake I supposed It must be $4,000,000 I telegraphed nt once to the man to repeat his telegram H came bick within an hour , and there was no mistake about It for the words were written out The man wanted $10,000,000 worth , and he wanted to know whether he could have them I replied that he could This telegram came from the National Bank of Commerc2 of New Yoik Soon after another New York bank tele graphed for $10,000,000 , nnd following this I we got two telegrams each asking for I $ _ ' 5,000,000 , and another asking for $30,000- 000 We had to refuse $00,000,000 worth of bonds that dny because the requests came too late. It wns nbout two weeks after this that I concluded to rnlse the price of the bonds , and to put them at a premium of one-half of 1 per cent nbove par. I vvunted to redeem the ten-forty bonds that were then outstanding , and I offered to sell $150,000.000 of 4 per cent bands at this premium. Most ot the financiers of the United States thought this wax too low. I asked a number of them what they thought of the plan , and they told mo I would never sell 4 per cent bonds nt a premium. The day the loan was opened I had another big surprise. The bonds were offered at noon on April 16 , 1879 , nnd before the close of banking hours I received a subsetIptlon for $2,000,000 worth. The next afternoon the telegrams began to come. One was for $10- 000,000 , and just before the close of business that day the First National bank of New Yoik telegraphed that they would take the entire $150,000,000 , and $10,000,000 of re funding ceitlflcates In addition. We re fused to give them the refunding certificates , nnd they got , I think , $111,000.000 worth ot the bonds , the remainder of the loan hav ing been taken before their telegram came There were $75000,000 more subscriptions to that loan that day than wo could supply , and wo closed out the whole of the bonds and were able to call In the entire outstand ing ten-forty loan. The amount of the sub set Iptlons and the rapidity with which they came In that day staggered me , and I re member I telegraphed the New York bank- erb that I would like to know If they were not all ciazy. ROTHSCHILD WAS TOO PROUD. "You are asking about the Rothschilds , " Senator Sherman went on , "A curious In cident happened In connection with the head of the London house In regard to ono of these tow bond l&'Uds , He had had the re fusal of $10,000000 worth of the 4 per cent bonds In case they were not subscrlbeJ for In America He was written to and askci : , If he would take them. Ho replied that he thought he would take $1,000,000 , but that ho would like a week to decide as to whether he wouU do so or not. In the meantime the great rush for the bonds occurred , am Rothschild then wanted his $10.000,030 worth At this time , however , the bonds had been all sold , and I had to tell him that he could not have them. He niido such a fuss abcut It that August Helmont and others of a New York syndicate who were dealing with him took $10,000,000 worth of bonds from their own purchases and rent them over to him He was too proud to accept the , bonds In this way anJ h& sent them back At least this 1.3 the story that was told me I trial to keep the bonds as far as possible In the United States , and to favor our own p irchasers over the c of Europe. " "What was the difference In the tnteres paid by the government through these re tumllng operations' " "It was enormouV rtpllei Senator Sher 1 nun "Yonffce , the amount of the publl dubt which was refunded In the above way was nearly $ sriO,000,000 , and the saving In interest amounteJ to nearly $15,000,000 a " year SENATOR SHERMAN'S MEMOIRS. I am very fortunate In my visit to Senate - Sherman at the present time. I came to Mansfield because I had understood that he wis writing his memoirs , and I knew that hi collection of private papers was greater than that of any other man In public life During my talk with him he told me that he wa working among his papers , but he had not a yet decided whether ho would publish a booker or not , and that he could not allow me testate state that he proposed doing so. He began the work , he said , with the Idea of making a collection of his speeches , but he finds hi material so vast and of such a varied and In terestli.g nature that he Is still at sea as to v.tut he will do with It His letters are num hered by the tens of thousands , and they em brace the names of every man who has been prominent In the United States during th past fortj years , and of the greatest thinker of all pins of the world John Sherman ha l > ° en a part of every public movement In th t'nlted States , and there Is scarcely a mil lionalre , a scientist or a statesman who ha not consulted with him. He has fit teen volumes of autograph letters , each o which la a : b'g as a dictionary , which h has kept chiefly for the take of th names appended to them , and his private cor - rospcndenco embraces a large part cf th unwritten history of the past generation . Jamei G. Bhlne was a mm rather of speech i than of deeds. John Sherman has been i Q man of action , and still he has made more speeches then Blalne. His public work be < gan when Frank Pierce was president , ant he hag been In the very thick of affairs froir that tlmo to this. He has always had a lar t * correspondence , I doubt whether he has evci received a letter which he has net answered and he has been so noted for his reserve thai public mei have opened their minds nm hearts to him without restraint. In addlt'or to hU vast correspondence he hai saved his torlcal material of all kinds. He has th I public speeches ot the men of the past lift yesrs , gathered from pamphlets and news papers and bound into volumes , 10 that the make a library of themselves. Ho his dozens of volumes of newspaper scraps about h'm- self , some lauding him to the skies and some damning him to hades. Hla congressional speeches fill a score or more of volumes , and , all told , ho has perhaps the best collection of historical material In the United States. SENATOR SHERMAN AT HOME. During my stay with the senator I spent some time In his library , and asked him some questions as to his habits of work. 1 have known him for years , and he Is one ot the most methodical public men I have ever met. He never wastes time , and dur ing the whole of his life he has been sav ing the Intellectual pennies. Ho has four great workshops two here and two at Wash ington. At the top of this Mansfield house there Is a room , perhaps thirty feet long , which Is lined with shelves , and which Is filled with congressional documents and scrap books. Here he goes when he wishes to get away from any one else , and here he his written many a speech. Ho has a similar workshop In his new house In Washington , and Ills library there Is of the same character as the one here Dawn htalrs In his Wa'h.ng- ton home he has a fine library filled with well- bound books and containing all the classics. He has a similar library on the ground floor of his home here In Mansfield and It Is In this that he Is now working among his pipers. This Mansfield llbnry contains , perhaps , ten thousand volumes Its walls arc cov ered with books , and there Is no great au thor who has not a place upon Its shelves. One section Is devoted to biography , another - | other to science and another to fiction I There are books In French and books In i German , and the works of Huxley and I Darwin are as well thumbed us those of . Dickens and Thackeiy The senator's desk I Is In the center of the room It was covered ] with papers this morning when I called , and I on the floor there were about fifty volumes j of Congressional Records and a number of i scrap books Just back of the senator & ' seat I saw a great , open vault , which had been cut Into the wall , and which was so largo that Jumbo could hive turned about Inside of It This Is for the keeping of the cnator's papers , It Is fireproof as well as urglar proof. A little white dog with biack ars was sitting In an armchair on the other do of the senator and during our con ersatlon he broke out again nnd ngaln Into vociferous bark , until the senator at last Icked him up and carried him out of the oom. The senator's working hours were ver when I called , by appointment. Ho sually rises early , and by S o'clock Is at ork with his stenographer. He finds a real deal of his present work has to bo one with his own hand , and ho told mo he ound the writing very easy , but that the ork of research and ot getting ready to rite was very great. ICJHT WITH CONKLING AND ARTHUR. As I looked at Senator Sherman my mind an over his long public career. I could tee ilm driving about RIchland county , a young ongressional candidate , making speeches al he country cro's-roads I could see him a ew years later , a member of the Kansas- Nebraska Investigating committee , sitting In udgment of the ruffians of the west and re- : clvlng warnings under pictures of coffins , nd cro s-bones as he collected the testimony vhlch was to form material for some of the greatest congressional struggles of our hls- ory I could pee him the leader of the ewer house of congrebs , the chairman of the ways and means committee In the later dajs if Buchanan I could see him In the senate fighting the battles of his country during the ( residencies of Lincoln , Johnson and Grint ml then In the Treasury department , strug gling with the giant of resumption , and now n the senate again , , after forty years of con- Inuous service , and the thought came to me as to whether ho had not at times grown Ired of It all , and longed for the rest of prl vato cltlzensnip , and I said 'Senator Slier- nan , tell me , have you at any time In your career tried to get out of public life and back 0 private life'1 " " Sherman "I don' "No. replied Senator , know that I have. I have always enjoyed being In the thick of things , and having a part In the carrying on of our government There was only once that I came near going out of public life. It was when I was secre .ory of the treasury under President Haves There was trouble about the custom house a S'ew York It had been badly managed foi years , and President Hayes had decided to make a change. Chester A. Arthur had been collector of the port for six years , and A. B. Cornell was the naval officer of the New York custom house. A commission had been ap pointed to examine Into the management of the custom house , and upon the basis of their reports President Hayes decided to make a change Ho did make It , and I sent a letter to Mr Arthur , requesting him to resign. He de clined to do so , and Roscoe Conkllng gave him and Cornell to understand that If they held on to their positions he , Conkllng , had such an Influence In the senate at Washing ton that President Hayes' appointees could not be confirmed. The president appointed Roosevelt and Prince to take their places , but through the Influence of Conkllng these nsmes were rejected by the senate After adjourn ment of that session , however. President Hayes suspended Arthur and Cornell and ap pointed Merrltt as collector anl Burt as naval ofilcer. When the benato again met , and these mines came up for confirmation , Sena tor Conkllng was agiln on hand , and It Iooke3 for a tlmo as though they would be rejected 1 made a personil matter of It I went to the senators , many of whom I had been as sociated with In the past , and I appealed to them that I would resign from my cabinet position and go Into pilvato life If they al lowed Conkling to prevail In this matter I siU I would have nothing to do with a gov ernment that gave the president the appoint Ing power , and In this underhanded way pro- vented him from using It. At this tlmo I firmly Intended to have carried out my resolu tions , and had Conkllng succeeded I would have become a private citizen Ho d'/l ' not succeed , however , and that struggle as to the Now York custom house was the beginning of the trouble which afterward cuImlnateJ through Gulteiu In the assassination of Garfield - field , and which retired Conkllng and Platt from the United States senate. " n L.I HO It AXltJNJJATJV. . It Is sa'd that Germany bids fair to over take Great Britain In the production of Iron during Vie present year. Statistics show that more than 85 per cent of the bread winners ot this country are males. According to the statistics of the Ark- w right club , the number of cotton spindles In Georgia and the Carollnas has Increased 20 per cent since 1892 , as against 5 per cent Increase In Massachusetts. The Irondalo Steel and Iron company , Mid- dletown , Intl. , has lately started two more in 111 a In connection with Us tin phte plant. The working force has been Increased by about 250. The Carbon Iron and Steel company's plant at Parryvllle , Pa , has resufted operations after a shut-down of over a year. Improve ments amounting to $100,000 have been made ut the plant. Thomas Mcrrlron , superintendent ot the Edgir Thomson Steel works , Bessemer , Pa. , has Issued a notice to the effect that In the future no boys under 1C years ot age will { bo employed In the mechanical departments. The prosperous condition of the Rhode Island woolen Industry Is Indicated by the announcement that there will be a general advance cf wages thu month running from 7 to 12 per cent. New England has a greater proportion ol wage earners than any other section of the csuntry , In Rhode IslanJ the propartlon reic'a- Ing 42 per cent , or nearly one-half of the en tire population. This remarkable state ol things Is due to the employment ot women and children In the mills. Everything In the town ot Morse , Win. , ex cept the school house , which no trudt wants , has been purchased by a syndicate of Boston capitalists. The price paid Is supposed to be In the neighborhood of $2,000,000. The syndi cate will establish the largest tannery In WIs. consln , giving employment to nearly 1,000 men. DRINK FOR THE LIVER'S SAKE A Qlimpio of the Jostling Taroa ; Absorb ing the Waters of Carlsbad , ALL RACES AND CONDITIONS ON PARADI Hotr They Are Tnkon Cure of nnd W lint Tlioy Do t'y Wurman's P.x perl en ecu null Olicr\ntiiins ut ttio Health Kciort , ( Copyright , 1S95 , by S S. MiOlure , Umltnl ) CARLSBAD , July 4 , 1S95. The blue hills of Bohemia vvcro beginning to grow green , The bees had just begun to put now honey In the hive , Of course the hills were happy , for the river n\t\K between , When I took the cure at Cnrlsbnd In the spring of ninety-live , Carlsbad In the winter time Is about as jlcak and desolito as a western town which , after a hard fight with weekly papers and Winchesters , had lost the county seat. The place Is not dead , no more than the ( loners are dead that arc sleeping under the snow that had drifted deep In the Hoehmerwnld With the first blue bird conies the man bur- dene J with a bad liver , and the first patient Is followei closely by merchants and shop keepers , hotel men and waiter ? . There ore merchant tailors from Vienna , china mer chants from DresJen and clock makers from Sw Itzerland All through the month of April the signs of life are dally Increasing. The walks that wind about the many hills are being swept clean of dead leaves ; houses are repainted , and the rooms of hundreds of hotels and pensions are thrown open to admit the health- CARLSBAD MARKET -WOMAN. giving winds that come down from the low- mountains laden with the fccent of pine. The streets are being made cleaner day by day , until the last day ot April when they are all flooded and v\ashed clean. The Iron fences and railings are actually scrubbed by an army of women with buckets of water and rags. Other women are digging In the ditches , saw Ing wood or drawing wagons through the streets. A GRAND OPENING. On the 1st day of May there Is a grand opening. This year It was of especial 1m- lortance as It opened to the public the new jath house of Kalserbad , which cost this enterprising municipality 250 000 florins , and s the finest bath hout > e In the whole wide world , I am told Tills marvelous celebration , which begins with a military parade on the Ir.t day of the month , ended on the fifth w th banquet In the city park cafe at which Mon. Ludwlg Schaffer der Burgermelster pre sided. ' "Jim Thompson and friend , " was the way we went on the register at Pupps , not lli.it Jim wanted to star his own signature , but in order that he might bear1 tlio burden of readIng - Ing all the circulars sent to bur roonii' , and receiving the good father ot the tov.n , who always waits upon "wealthy Ameileans" am ! asks a llttlo aid for the poor , ragardltss of the visitor's religion. When we were trans ferred to the revolving switchboard In the center of the great lobby It read , "Herren Jim Thompson , " and when It uppeared on loca letters and circulars sent It was "Wellborn Hcrren Jim Thompson , " sometimes It was "My Lord , the wellborn Htrrcn. " But Jim had been so much among .titled people In Europe and so often read their "ads" for heir esses that these little mistakes were no more to him than so many pfennigs. So , In time , there came a gilt-edged can bidding my lord , the well born sardine , tin his friend to the feast the guests of the city Just In front of the orchestra there was u nairow , high throne , a kind of cross between a pulpit and a witness box , and from behlm this little stand the speaker spoke. "It Is , good Idea , this pulpit ; It gives the speaker something to pound and does away with his hands at the same tlmo , " said Jim , whci the first man had finished. The lion of the evening was the architect who had built the KaUerbad , and when he made his talk the men cried "Ho1" and beautiful women let their scats to click glasses with him. Am the band played under the double eagle , am everybody stood up , and they were all very happy , and I knew that the homely leader with his cars full of cotton , had made n hit "Was that the 'Bohemian Girl , ' Jim ? " asked , when we had ail settled down am began to feed again. "No , " he said , with a hzit sad intle "I don't know the 'Bohemian Girl' from the 'Irish Washerwoman , ' but know that tune ; It's the national air. Couldn' you hear the B flat scream and wall away down the line ? Ah1 If the Austrlans had played that tune the Seven Days' war would have labted longer " It was an excellent little dinner , and th enthusiasm ami patriotism ot the people were good to ses True , they have been buffetei about by political waves , between Germany and Austria , for many years , but the peopl In these Bohemian hills are happy , Indus trlous and enterprising to a remarkable de gree. gree.A A THOUSAND DRINKERS IN LINE. On the morning of the 10th of May , when we went down to the Drunn to drink , 1,00 people were standing In line. "Reminds me ot the day when we used to line up at the post office In Thompponvllle. " ald Jim , his mln going back to the big day of Colorado when he was mayor and silver was a dollar ten It was a great show ; men and women from everywhere , with every disease that can pos slbly be charged to the liver , stomach o gall. Even nervous people come here for th baths , and get well , or think they do , vvhlc Is the same thing There were men whos skin and eyes were yellow , and others a green as ol ves , German dulcs who walked a prancing greyhounds , fat young Germans wh seemed to bo walking on eggs , and eli gouty Germans who did not walk at all , bu shullled There are big bony Britons In knlcker backers , and elderly Englishmen whose lov ot plaids Is largely responsible for the dall tains that come to this otherwise delight ful region. There are modest Americans their pretty wives and daughters and other Americans who tal loud In the lobbies and cafes Tyrolese In green hats trimmed In feather and Polish Jews with little corkscrew curl hanging down by their can , such as we se In Jerusalem. Then there are a few stra Frenchmen , walking alone , end once bu not more than once In a , while a Parlsla lady , and you know her by the charming cut of her skirt and the way iho holds It up , and the beautiful dream nf a petticoat the act discloses. There are Austrian sol diers In I out ; teats and ufilcers In pnlo blue uniforms , spurred and cinched like the cor set wcaicrs of France. In a solid mass the crowd of cup heircrs moves up and down In the gieiit colonadc , keeping tlmo with their feet or hinds or heads to the strains of the band , which begins to play at C 45 In the morning. By 9 o'clock the springs are deserted , and the multitude has distributed Itself among the many restaurants and cafes In the canon An hour later , having breakfasted lightly on toast and coffee on such tout and such coffee as can be had only In C.irlsbid largr- dash , the great army of healthy-looking In valids lose themselves In the hills. CARLSBAD HOSP1TLITY. . . Here comes an old , old woman bearing a load that would bend the bick of a Turkl h hammel , followed by a landau , where loll the fairest dames of Sixony. Then a sausage man , whoso garlic-flavored viands freight the whole gulch with their fumes , and just behind him a wagon laden with flowers and shrubs for the new gardens of the Grand Hotel Pupp , and their opening leaves fling such fragrance out upon the still air that It follows and trails far behind , as the smoke of a locomotive follows a freight trnln Women with baskets on their bicks , filled with empty milk cans , are climbing the trails that lead back to their lespectlvo ranches , which they must have left , their cans laden , at early dawn. The men are most pol'te ' to each other and always take off their hats as they meet and pass. The employes In the hotels do this , from the manager down Indeed , all these peop.'o are almost tiresome with their polltc- ne"s A table girl who serves you at a way side cafe today will rush out to the middle of the street tomorrow and say good morning and ask you how you feel She la honestly endeavoring to make It pleasant , and Is un consciously making It unpleasant for you If you epeak English she argues that you lay be a lord , or , what to her and for her Is xjtter still , an American grind , rich and wiful , and she Is proud to show the proprle- or or manager that she knows you. ut we should not complain , for owhere are visitors treated so respectfully nd decently as at Carlsbad. I remember hat the burgcrmclster left his place at the ead of the table at the banquet , crossed the oem , Introduced himself to Mr. Thompson , ouched glasses and bade him welcome to the ty , and caused a little munlclpil check look to be placed at the visitor's elbow , so iat for that day and date he could order hat he craved , and It was all "on" the own. Last year when 500 rooms of the argest hotel In the place were occupied , 400 f the guests were Americans or English. So ou can see they can afford to like us , and hey do. ACCOMMODATIONS AT CARLSBAD. One can live here as one chooses for $1 or 10 a day , but two people can live com- ortuble for S5 a day. The hotels are good nd the service almost perfect so far as It elates to the hotels , but the service In the Inlng rooms , cafes and restaurants Is bad lany of these are poorly arranged H Is common thing to bee a waller freighting our breakfast or dinner which Is at mid- ay here a half block In a pouring rain The real trouble Is to get things hot. It Is next o Impossible What Carlsbad needs Is a aiiltarium where people can have delicate Ibhes prepared and served hot The stoves re too far from the tables In most places. Amerlcins will flnd many funny little hlngs even In the best hotels. You can go p In the elevator , but' you cannot ome down. You can have writing pa per free In the writing room , but not In your apartments. You can get hot milk or warm milk but they will put butter In It You can have boiled potatoes , but only with car away seeds and a few fine flavors of alfalfa n them or poached eggs , but you must have hem poached In bouillon. After a while you will get u d to all this and give up trying to say "sear helce , " get veil and go way. Party thousand people do his every year. This establishment alone eeds 2,000 people a day , and most ot them , 1 ancy , go away feeling very kindly toward the ilace and the people. The Germans predom- nate In the month of May , the Ausrtlans In lune , nnd In July the French come. This s a rafe sandwich , with Austria In the mid dle ; It keeps Prance and Germany from touching. The English and Americans ( but lot the poor ) , they have all the sea on. The floating palaces of the Hamburg-American company and the North German Loyd make the voyage from New York to Hamburg an easy one The railway Journey of twelve nours Is made over a fair track. In comfort able cars through a country very beautiful. Hie last half wonderful to see. The steam- phlp fare Is , say $90 each way ; the railway fare , second class , which Is better than first class In France , $10 , or altogether $200 for the round trip. Expenses here , $100. Total , $300.The The sad fac ° d consumptives who swarm around the health resorts of western Amer- 'c.i ' ure not setn here , on the whole the people ple who come hero look healthy. The dread ful army of mlserables who haunt the grotto at Lourdes are not to be seen here Tru the priests go at the head of the procession on the let of May , from spring to bprlng , blessing the water and thanking God for the goodness of these wondrous fonta. But they look not for a miracle. Some things appear a little Inconsistent and trying on the waters , and yet I know not that the visitors go away disappointed Tor exampie , you will see a very happy mar ried woman , fat nnd 40 or 45 , and a long , lank , lingering maiden , the two quaffing at the same well and the ono hoping to gain what the other longs to lose. When you have taken rooms at a hotel one CARLSBAD JEWS. of the employes will bring you a long printed form , which , If you fill out , will give the sheriff or any one Interested In you a fair history , the length of your Intended stay your nationality and business. The form goes to the office ot the burgermeister and from It you are "sUed up" and assessed In what ever class you appear to belong Third class visitors pay between $1 and $2 , second be tween $2 and $3 , and first-casa from $3 to $ I' only Americans are always rated first-class They do not Insist upon your staying there By filing a personal protest you can have yourself placed In whatever class you claim to belong In , "Why do they do that ? " 1 asked. "It Is so In all European cities , " said Jim "The moment you enter a shop and talk United States the price goes up To a cer tain extent Americans are to blame for this condition of affairs. A lot ot Americans with more money than modesty go up and down the world making a great noise , and they prefer to pay the highest price rather than be considered poor , which they often are These rainmakers make It hard for modest people , who are able and willing to pay hotel bills and railway fare , but who do not cire to pay the samrles of hotel and railway em ployes" "But the tips or fees are light In Europe , are they not' " "True , " said my friend , "But look at th < army of people you have to tip , not less thai ten In a first class hotel. At 10 cents apiece that will cost you $1 a day and the legltlmati fees on an Atlantic liner are anywhere from $15 to $25. " "And what , may I ask , becomes of tbo ta > one pays Into the city treasury ? " "first , JQU have the use ot the water foi three weeks or six months , nnd hnvc also the pleasure of hearing good tniMc while you take your medicine every morning Part of this money gees tei make and keep up the miles'nnd miles of brnutlful wnlks , to plunt rnrc shrubs In the very foiest , and put boxes In the trees for the birds to build In , whose music cheers Iho thou'nnds of sliollors who throni ? these winding wnys" So , nflcr nil , the tax one pays to the munlclpillty Is very little , even If you are first clai > s nnd ns nearly everyone lenves the place feeling better than when he arrived , theie Js no complaint. WHAT THE WATERS WILL DO. "Are all the people cured who come here ? " I asked of Dr Grunberger , who was mcdlctl Inspector of the district for twenty years "Not all. " he said. "But all who take the cure ; foi the doctor who examines the patient will not allow him to take the water unless ho has a disease cureablc by the Carlsbul treatment " There are many doctors In Carlsbad , nnl they are largely responsible for the splendid reputation of the place. They ore honest enough to tell the patient to go away If they believe his dlkcase Incurable by the u o of the . wnters The waiters In the hotels all know what you are allowed to cat. and when you | ask for n tempting bit of ia try the girl will shako her head , emllo pleisintly and tiy 1 Tint teh not gute for you " In fact , nil the people appear to want you to get well , and be happy go uwuy and eat bad things and c me ngnln Now , like many others , t nm going away , and I have trie ! to finJ one man or woman among the thousands here now who Is with out faith in the cure or without hope of be ing cured The water won't cure a ftono , bruise or a broken heart , perhaps , but It will brace you up. give you an nppetl'le that ] will help your heart to heal , and the stone- brul e will get well of Its own accord And whit do I know for sure ? Nothing But I know a man who ha. been going ab-nit | for ten long years with n leggy liver nud a gall-ejector that wouldn't work , nnd after twenty-fix days In Carlsbad he thlrks he to Is better than he has felt for years , and Is al most foolish with joy at having been cure ! , and he wants to tell everybody about the wonderful waters that here come boiling up from God's earth. CY WARMAN. Rev. H. D. Fisher could not resist the temptation to tell a story on a brother minister , says the Topeka State Journal. "It was Presiding Elder Still of the Methodist church The good old man Is dead now , and It can't do any harm to tell this story of him. "The early traveling of the elder In Kansas was not easy. He had a mule on which he used to ride , nnd this mule was not always obedient Ono day the elder and his mule encountered a swollen stream. Along the edge of the stream the elder and his mule strayed In hope of finding a safe crossing Finally the elder found a tree that overhung the stream and from which he believed ho could swing to the other side But the mule couldn't swing He could swim , however , which the elder couldn't "All the extra clothing and the bible were made Into a bundle nnd tied on the mule's back nnd the animal led to the wnter He swam safely across nnd began eating grass on the other side "The elder looked nt his swinging limb , and , dropping to his knees , prayed fervently that ho might make no mistake In getting across. Then he swung out and landed bafely. "He knelt and thanked the Lord. "But there was a new obstacle The mule was having a good tlmo In the grass nnd re- fueed to be caught ngnln Several well directed efforts flew wide of the mark nnd the good elder was In desperation He must keep his appointment and he couldn't walk It There was but ono thing to do nnd the elder did It. Down In the damp grass he dropped on his knees and prayed the Lord to help him catch the mule. "This Is the only Instance I ever heard of In which a man called on the Lord to help him catch a mule , and to his dying day the elder firmly believed the Lord did It , though It took them both tome time. " In the "Life of Karl von Gcrok , " n man distinguished as a poet and as a minister ot the gospel , nn Incident Is given which Illustiates not only his kindly spirit , but his quick wit. He was one diy walking In Stuttgart , carrying an umbiella. At the sime time the prlma donna of the Stuttgart opera troupe was tripping along the sidewalk without that protection against the weather. Suddenly rain began to fall and He-rr von Gerok offered the lad the shelter ot his umbrella Though entire Grangers to each other , they had a pleasant chat. After awhile the reverend gentleman remarked "May I venture to ask your name7" "It Is plain to see that you never go to the opera , " answered the lady. "EveryboJy knows that I am the leading singer at the Court theater Now It Is my turn to ask to whom I am Indebted for the protection of an umbrella'1 "Your question cleatly proves that you never go to church , " was the reply , "for all religious people know that I am the chief pastor of this town , " Something new , even fn the matter of "standing off" the preacher , has been ills covered , and In Kansas. When the now dominie called on Farmer Tom Wilson of Rock Creek , Jefferson county , a week or so slnco for a donation toward his salary , Mr. Wilson sild he had no money , but would give two ro.vs of potatoes , each twenty rods long. "If the Lord wants you to get $20 from me , " said the farmer , "He will water the potatoes well , and I will bo mighty glad to have you get It. If He doesn't water them , I'm afraid you'll not get much. " "You are accused of seeking chean notoriety. " "It Isn't cheap , " protested Rev. Mr. Hovv- lout ; "I have to pay full rates for getting my sermons printed. They won't even give me the usual ministerial discount. " Dr. H B Slllman of Cohoes , N. Y. , has given to the Presbyterian church of that town the sum of $50,000 for the erection of a new church. In early life Archbishop Kaln , the coadju tor ot the venerable Archbishop Kenrlck ol St LoulB , was a missionary priest , am : traversed on foot or horseback the mountain fastnesses of West Virginia. The proposed new Protestant Eplscopa diocese of Washington Is to consist of tlio District of Columbia and four counties of Maryland Prince George , St. Mary , Charles and Montgomery Ex-Senator James M. Scovel of Now Jcr soy after thirty-five years of activity In politics , has turned evangelist , and , under the direction of Dwlght L Moody , will hol < revival meetings throughout the Unltei States Rev Edward D'Aqulln. rnctor r { the ( Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmcl Now qrk , has fallen heir to a large fortune by ( lie recent death of his father at Naples Italy Captain Henry fiundy. now 67 , Is ono o the most Intel estlng characters of the grea lakes He la known as the "sailor cvango 1st , " and for twenty yearn has been doing missionary work among the lake mariners Ho distributes tracts , cells bibles , and when a family Is unable to purchase a bible b presents It with ( inc. Ray York , aged 12 , and Brvln F Lake aged 17 , are holding successful revival ecrv Ices In Missouri. Ray was converted wlic C years of age , and not long attervtnn united with the Uaptlet church , at one becoming a preacher. Ervln Is the paste of the First Baptist church of Mount Car me ) , III , and Is eald to be the youngeu pastor In the world The up-to-date women of the Trinity Prot cstant Episcopal church In Towton. Md , ar raising money with which to buy a blcycl for the rector ot the church , which he i to use In making pastoral visits and In at tending to other duties , The steamship Berlin tailed the othe day from New York carrying the big poly glot temperance petition , which U to b taken around the world , betides about 1C ( delegates who accompanied It on their wa to the biennial session of the World' Christian Temperance union in London. WOMAN'S ' CLUBS AND CULTURE Meeting of the Stnto Federation at tlio Oreto Ohdutaiunia. THE AIMS OF THE ORGANIZATION rrutnntlng Socltt mill IMticutlonnl Improve * ini'iit mill lointilnhiR tlio llmt Irnturci of Individual Unlit A tlrowinc 1'imcr for Onod , The corn colored badges prevailed on the diy appointed for the State reiteration ot Woman's clubs at the Crete Chiiutnun.ua grounds. The ministers and Iccturcis cycj , the ( women with some doubt , not quite under standing what they wished or Intended Tim persons ' from whom the most was expected were conspicuously absent , but others sup plied i their places as best they could. Ai the program went on the faces In the audience rehxed and even grow Interested when It was shown that the club meant nothing hostile to the good and happiness of all men and women. The State Federa tion of Nebraska was formed last December , nnd nt present embraces thirty-five clubs. Seventeen ' of these were represented nt thla meeting ' , tlmo for which was courteously granted i by the Crcto Clmulauciua manage ment. : The officers of the federation asked for the place on the program that the women might have ] on opportunity of becoming acquainted previous 1 to the first regular meeting of the federated clubs , which will bo held In Lin coln In October Iho Crete club women made the occasion of grinter use In this di rection by giving a delightful reception on the grounds , where all were Introduced and various plans discussed In an Informal man ner for a couple of hours Many Ideas as to the possibilities ot this organization were advanced The need ot state federations Is clearly apparent because of the great size of the general federation , of the different needs of the different sec tions , and beciuso Iho general federation will naturally be In the hands of the most celebrated. The federation Is Intended to bo to the state what the club Is to the com munity It was felt by most that the com mingling of different clubs would prove ai > Inspiration to each other. It would bo especially helpful to women In the smaller towns. Concentration of work and Ideas Is apt o be much greater In n small town than In n city because of less diversion , but miny of the smaller clubs need the Inspiration nnd enthusiasm of the larger So the feder ation becomes mutually helpful Theic Is no doubt that the prime object of the federation Is education ! ) As Indl- vidmls are Influenced by social and Intel lectual culture , oommuntlts arc reached , homes are Improved , there Is a cl'innml fop better fcchools , for choicer leading , and for ore healthy turrouiullngj. The sentiment lat the Innocent must bo protects ! and the Ic'ous ' restrained , reformed. If possible , In- reases Of course many genomes are agl- ated and projects entertained that provo utlle , but this result Is not chaiacterlstlo f hone t endeavor or of women's organlza- ons Women a clubs are mi Influence for oad reading , and for starting public II- rarlcs , or If that Is not possible , mnall clr- ulatlng libraries with hooks of reference , n this day of cheap editions , many news- apers , magazines and cyclopedias In every ommunlty , systematic rending and study ro posslbie and easy. If need be , the trougir clubs might assist the weaker to ooks of study or reference. Many Infill- nces have paved the way for the club movc- ifnt , but today It Is not an object of de- IMon. The club Is a democratic body. Vhllo many have restilcted membership to eep their working force fiom becoming un- telldly , there Is nothing1 to prevent a new lub being formed , with the possibility ot ederatlon membership for a nominal sum. "lie smaller clubs have the advantage of ersoml effoit , the larger ones of financial trength , and probably the benefit of espf- lally gift d leaders. Yet. bright minds and ; een wits appear In most unexpected places. The parliamentary value Is not to be under- stimated While during Inexpetlenc'd days omen may inrjulie of their husbands at ionic , according to scripture nile , It Is be- levcd that when the boys of the present club \omen become men tliey will know how to conduct a church bublncss meeting or go .hrough a session of the city council , should hey chance to be In It. The Idea that club vcmen are not home women was discussed t length , and It was declde-ily the consen sus ot opinion that good club women nro cooks on the economical , health giving : and clentlfic plan They arc housekeepers with out being foiced to do every detail cf the \ork themselves as their grandmothers did ; luy are good , faithful mothera , the prldo rather than the slave of their children. When their husbands como homo they can llecuss the silver question and talk Intclll- ; ently on the tariff , provided said husbands lo their part. Much emphasis was placed upon the fact that the Interests of men and women nro Identical and that whatever Is tiuly for the inpiilncfK and Improvement of tfie one is equally so for the other. The federation Is Intended to embody and itllUo the best of the Individual clubs. Its cotiitesy can be of the truest , Its kindness : ho slncerest. Us alms and aspirations tha "ilghtst and noblest. T. C. II. 311/.MO A It J\Jj ; National banks were established In the United States In ISlfl The hlghc't denomina tion of o ir legal tender notes Is $10,000 and our circulation of paper money Is the largest In the. world , being $700,000,000 , while Rus sia has $670,000000. Impartial writers say that the gold con tained In the fncdils , vessels , chains and other objects preserved In the Vatican would make more gold coin than the whole ot the. present European circulation Bills of exchange were first used by the Jews In 11CO and In England In 1307. The. first English exchange was called the "buree" and was opened In London by Queen Eliza beth. beth.Tho The capital employed In banking In the principal countries Is as follows. Great Britain , $4,020,000,000 ; United States , $2,655- 000.000 , Germany. $1,425,000.000 ; France , $1,025.000.000 , Austria , $830,000,000 ; Russia , $775.000,000 ; Italy , $455000.000 , Australia. $425,000,000 , Canadi , $175,000,000. The term bankrupt originated In connec tion with the money changers of Italy. They sat In the market pUce with their money dis played on a bench ( or banca , as It was called ) , before them. When ono of these financial gentleman failed his banca ( or bench ) was said to be broken and ho was styled a "bancarotto , " or bankrupt The modern bank Inherits Its name , from the un- Impoelng money bench ( banca ) of mediaeval Italy. Sterling signifies money ot the legalized standard of coinage of Great Britain and Ire land The term , according to ono theory , Is a corruption ot Easterllng a person from North Germany , on the continent of Europe and therefore from the cast In geographli.il rela tion to England The Easterllngs were In genious artisans who came to England In the reign of Henry HI to refine the * silver money and the coin they produced was called monetaesterllngorum the money of the Kattcrllngs. The Dink oi . . . . . .nil was projected by H Scotchman , V. l.l'.m ' 1'atcreon , and established 1(191 ( It stalled with a government loan ot $6.000,000 at 8 per cent , aecurtd on taxes. The charter appointed a governor and twenty- four directors to be annually elected from members of the company poueiilng not less than JJ.COO In block. The South sea bub ble (1720) ( ) , the Jacobite rebellion (1715) ( ) and the failure of a number of country binki (1792) ( ) seriously affected the bank The bank charter act of 1811 limited the note circula tion to $70,000,000 , agalnnt a like amount lent to the government , uuless a similar value In bullion were In hand. The act wan suipended during the panics of 15i7 , 1852 and 1SCC.