Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, July 14, 1895, Page 16, Image 16
4 i 10 THE CXMAITA DAILY ; SUNDAY , JULY 14 , 1805. A WILDCAT AT HOME. Down Big ( intno with Bow and Arrow. ( Copyright , JfcM , by Maurice Thompson. ) High up In the mountain region of North Carolina , near "the Tennessee line nnd not far from where the great lllue Ridge breaks Into diverging spurs which fret the pictur esque bank of Cherokee Georgia , wo tco'.c ' pos session of a shack beside a spring. Our front doorway gave upon the sharp , rocky decllgo sweeping down to a trout brook , and our back door opened Into a shallow cave or cleft In a natural wall of stone. U was a cool , lonely place , where for three days , or EO long as our provisions should last , we pro- tfosed to have our headquarters , while we angled nnd shot round about. The shack had been built years before by sand diggers or chestnut gatherers. It was late In October , but the weather still had Its hot smack of summer at mid day , with dellclously chill nights to sleep through ; the air dry , the leaves scarcely touched by frost ; Indeed , on unusually flue autumn wns at Its prime ; and by day the sun swung over the arch of cloudless blue from rising to setting , nnd at night the moon , near Its full , dashed n strange splendor over grim peaks nnd dusky valleys. Will and I had the thought of largo game In our heads. A deer , n wolf , a bear , some thing worth telling about must come to bag If possible , for there Is no bottom to the well of a youth's Imagination , no horizon bound to his ambition. To say the truth , I was then almost a man In size , nlthoueh but a boy In years , and Will was muscled like a race horse for speed nnd strength. We were beginning to feel the need of danger to give tone to our sylvan life. I may as well tell you"at once that we did not kill a deer or a wolf , but the dash of danger came ( fulte suddenly and to our sat isfaction when wo were least expecting It. Will had killed two fine trout In a pool Just below the shack. This-was early on the third morning of our stay. He was bringing Will's nrm ns ho waa on the point of making a liusty shot. his beautiful catch up the dlfllcult slope by a zig-zag loute through the labyrinth of tumbled rocks nnd dense clumps of mountain laurel when his quick eye saw ah animal , . long , sleek and of n brownish gray color , lying In a horizontal fissure or space between two strata of a cliff not ten yards distant. It was outstretched and looked very vigorous and lithe , with short ears , a broad head and muscular limbs. I knew that something had stirred Will's blood. As soon as he came In sight the pallor on his face showed through tho- tan , and his eyes burned with excitement. "Maurice , " he said under hl breath and giving the look of one who has met fate , "there's a panther down yonder. " It was my turn to feel a chill and have a short breath or two. "A panther , where ? " I demanded , halt Incredulous , yet knowing that Will had seen something of the sort. "Ulglit down there , " Indicating the di rection by a jerk of his head. He had his rod In ono hand , his fish In the other. "It's lying In a largo crack between two rocks half way up the second cliff this side of the brook. " Ills lips looked dry. "A panther ? " I repeated. "It must bo , and asleep ; stretched out like a cat. " I took a few more deep breaths to get my nerves steady and bring my stampeded wits together. My own tongtio felt furry. "A big one ? " I presently Inquired. "No , that Is I think not ; a young- one , not quite full grown. It never saw mo ; didn't wako up. " Wo looked hard nt each ether and I re member well the expression of Will's coun tenance and the trepidation In my own breast. Of one thing you may rest as sured , however , scared or not neither of us had any mind to shirk this grand oppoi tunlty. If that animal had been a Dongal tiger our duty would have appeared to us In the form of attack , with no doubts about victory. We went to the mountains for big game. We had hoped for danger , now It was time to show our metal , but I do not deny that the thought of a rifle flashed Into my brain while I was setting my bow string and. selecting a dozen heavy steel- pointed arrows. Looking back at the adventure now , I see how foolhardy boys are and how much they need oTlevel-hcaded man to take coun sel of In times of emergency. Wo went right down to attack that wild beast with out attempting to count the possible or probable cost. The exhilaration of danger made our blood tingle. This js no melodrama , no blood-curdling fiction that I am writing. Therefore , not to hold you In suspense I state that Itva > not a panther , not even a young one , we "W couM haiill ) ' trmk * our friends * | ve It Van tlic Icgltlmute trupliy uf our archery. were going to beard In Its den. It was , however , a dangerous animal which might easily bring us to grief should wo give It but half an opportunity and at the tlmo wo thought It a panther. Credit us with fool hardy courage , at least. With commendable carefulness , however , wo proceeded down the mountain's shaggy Bldo , Will leading the way , until wo were very near the rock escarpment In a cleft or parting < if .which the enemy was sleeping , or rather crouching , for when we saw It It was wldo axvako and glaring at us with elongated , cruel looking eyes' , "There Ir Is , " Will whispered -huskily. "It ECCS us. " At n filanco I Know what It was ; Instead of a , young pautber , nn enormous Jull- grown' wildcat confronting us , ten yards uwayV Itift \ * .crouching on ll belly. I caught Will's arm as ho was on the point ot making a hasty shot. "llo cool , " I fcald. "It'll a wildcat. Let's Co carefully ami' make sure. It's a big oue , Hold 011. n , monicpt. " * t wajui-ij time to think and collect my nervoforce. * "It won't do to miss , " T muttered , "re member. steady aim nud drive your ar row with all your might. " At ton'yards there was little chance ol missing co largo an animal U we tool reasonable- card with our aim. Jile.intlmo It had turned Itself with c squirming motion so that Its br a t wai tnlrly presented below Us broad , flattened head. The danger was that wo inluhl overshoot , being BO near anil standing oc lower ground than the animal occupied. "Not too high. Will , " I added , as wo bo- " It at nine yards. " Kan to draw , "I guess A he spoke the cat sprang down the face of the rock and disappeared In some butucs at the bottom , "Look out , It's coming ! " cried Will. And It was coming. I heard It on the ground , scrambling toward us on the dry leaves. It probibly did not mean to attack us ; I am not sure , but the next moment we saw- It emerging from the thickest part of the cover and looking decidedly ugly. U was not moving fast , nor did It pause when wo confronted It with drawn bows. It's motion was that of a common cat when creeping toward Its prey. There was a detestable gleam In Its yellowish eyes. I shot first when the animal wns not more than six yards away. Will's bow string rang the next moment and with u scream not comparable to any other sound 1 have ever heard the wildcat leaped high , sprawling Its legs In the air and fell back ward hard lilt by both arrows and then U began snarling nnd snapping furiously. It was a savage brute and would have made bad work could It have reached us , but we shot rapidly , while It tore around madly with tooth nnd claw , and every a.- ron- told , the range was so short. When wo reached home with the pelt of that wlhlcat we could scarcely make our friends believe that It was a legitimate trophy of our archery. I had n bullet pouch made of It soon afterward , which with a fine powderhorn attached was cap tured by some of Sherman's men when on the march through Georgia they plundered my father's plantation house two mllca west of Calhoun. If any gojd man has pos session of that pouch and powderhorn now , ho will know It by the Inscription on the horn's butt , "M. T. , I860 , " nnd please senti It home. I shall be glad to pay the express charges and good measure of thanks be sides. In 1867 wo killed another nnd still larger wildcat In Florida. In all , we have bagged five , the last one near old Ducktown cop per mines In old Tennessee , but the largest of all In Clark county , Kentucky. I do not advise boys to get It Into their heads that It Is nothing but fun to go bow- shooting after wildcats. True , I have never been hurt by one of these creatures , but they are dangerous game and you must bo right nervy when you tackle one. The other day , not so very far fruni where 1 live , ono sprang from a trco upon a man and almost tore him to pieces. MAURICE THOMPSON. 1IAN.NAH AND , IOK. The Interesting Citrrcr of Two I'uttlifiil l.lttlc i : < lclnii < . ( Copyrighted , 1183 , by Sarnh K. Ilolton. ) In the year 1831 Captain Budlngton of Groton , Conn. , passed the winter In Cumber- lantl Inlet , west of Greenland. Here ho met Jco and Hannah on the island of Klm-lck- su-lc , so called because Its Hat center , cov ered with grass , resembles a dogskin. Han nah was 12 years old , dressed In fur panta loons and short fur overdress , and bore the name of Too ko-ll-tco , In her own language. Joe was a good deal older , and his real name was Eblerblng. A few years afterward a merchant from Hull , England , Mr. Uolby , met them at Cum berland gulf , where they had corno off the Island to trade , and prevailed upon them to take the long Journey to England. When he reached homo ho made a large company , and In the presence cf these guests the young woman Hannah was married to Joe. Mr. llolby took them to several places In England and Scotland , and they were finally pre sented to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The queen was deeply Interested In these people from the far north , In Urltlsh America , and asked them to dine with .her. If the queen was pleased with the sincere , unedu cated , fur-dressed pair , Hannah was no less pleased with the gracious queen In her ele gant home , so entirely different from a snow hut. She always said Victoria was "very kind , very much lady. " After two years they returned to Cumberland Inlet , and In 18CO Charles P. Hall , the explorer , met them. Everybody In both England and America had become deeply Interested In the fate of Mr John Franklin. He had left England in 1815 with two ships , the Erebus and Terror , with 134 persons in search of the North Pole. After two yeurs. relief parties were sent out to nnd them. Lady Franklin spent all her largo fortune In sending out ships to search for her missing husband. ESKIMOS KNEW OF FRANKLIN'S DEATH. * Finally , In 1850 , the graves of three of the men were found at the far north , on Deechy Island , west of Hannah's home , so that the course which Franklin took was known , . -'our years later Ir. Race of England heard from the Eskimos that a large company of white men had starved on King William Land far to the northwest of Baffin's bay , and he obtained from the Eskimos many articles which belonged to Franklin and his men. After England had spent over $5,000,000 In searching for Franklin It was ascertained hat both his ships had gone to pieces In ho Ice.off the west coast of King William vand , and that his poor men had starved and frozen as they .wandered over the Ice In a vain search for food or friends. Then skele- : ons were found In boats or snowbanks , and ; helr\ boots , watches and silver had become he property of the Eskimos. Sir John died two years after the ships left England , and must have been burled in the ocean. HANNAH AND JOE AS EXPLORERS. Some persons believed that the Franklin ; > arty were not all dead. Charles Francis Hall was an engraver at Cincinnati , O. Ho tvas poir , and with no Influential friends , but ho felt that the Lord had called him to the work of finding some of the Franklin men. lie read all ho could find about Arctic life. He ntked of prominent men and learned societies money , nnd , finally , after enough obstacles to discourage any other man , ob tained enough to build a boat and put up 1200 pounds of food for the Journey. A New London firm gave him a frco passage on cna ot their ships , and ho went , In I860 , to the far north , discovering relics of Sir Martin Kroblsher's expedition made 300 years before. His boat was lost , to he had to return to America , and brought with him Joe apd Han nah , who had been with him two years , and who were devotedly attached to him. In 1861 Hall started again with Joe and Hnnnah , and north of Hudson bay lived five years among the Eskimos , eating their raw food and living In their igloos or snow hute. Joe , with great skill , would kill a walrus , which sometimes weighs 2,000 pounds , or would watch two whole nights near a hole In the Ice where the seal comes up to breathe , that he might spear It for his master. In 1SC6 , May 14 , the only child of Joe and Hannah died while on one of Hall's Journeys. According to custom the distracted mother , at the plain funeral , carried the dead baby In a fur blanket suspended from her neck. Captain Hall put this note In , the fur cap covering the head of the child : "These are the mortal remains of little King William , the only child of Eblerblng and Too-koo-ll too , the Intprpreters of the lost Franklin Re search Expedition. Qcd hath Us soul now and ulll keep It from all hntm. " Later Hall visited King William Land and brought away 125 pounds of relics of Franklin and his men. Among these was a complete skelptch , proved from the filling of a tooth to bo that of an olllcer of the ship Erebus. Hall fslt sure now that all the party were dead. Joe and Hannah came back to the fitJtcs with Hall , bringing a little 3-year-oli : girl which they had adopted. They bough her of her parents for a sled , Hannal named her Sylvia Grlnnell , after the Qrtnnel family , celebrated for their gifts toward Arctic research ' , but her real name was I'unna. " * T " 4tt - . . . .vf - " A THIRD TRIP TO THE KAR NORTH. Captain Hall made his third voyage tn the ship Polaris In 1S71 for the North Pole , tak Ing his devoted Joe and Hannah and little I'uun.i. He reached a higher point In Smith sound than had been reached by any othe vestel at that time , and anchored In a barber bor protected by an Iceberg 450 feet long and 300 broad , calling the place Thank God liar bor. In the autumn ot this year Hall diet very suddenly , and his men spent two day In digging a grave only two feet deep. H wai burled at 11 In the forenoon , but to dark was It In that high latitude that Ian terns were carried. Poor Hannah eobbec aloud at the death of her belt friend. Th party on the Polarli determined to return cot caught la tha Ice , and U was dctertnluei o abandon her nnd throw the provisions and lothlng out on the Ice. In the midst of his work , tn the night , the ship drifted way , with fourteen persons on board , leav- ng on a piece of Ice 100 yards long and eventy-flvo broad Captain Tyson nnit eight white men and nine Eskimos , Including three vomen and a baby 8 weeks old. Hannah and 'unna were among them. GAL TWO HANNAH & JOE A dreadful snow storm came on. and the hlvcrlng creatures huddled together under omo musk ox skins. Later they built n ttle house from materials thrown out of ho ship and floated down lialtln's bay and ) avls strait , the Ice constantly crumbling nd the t ea washing over them. They useJ P all their boats save one for fuel , nnd vere only kept alive through the heroic ef- orts ot Joe and another Eskimo , Hans , who aught some seals for them , which were agerly eaten uncooked , with the- skin and mir on. They had only a little moldy > read , nnd the sufferings of the children ran hunger were painful to witness. Once , when nearly all were dead from larvatlon , Joe saved them by killing a bear , le and Hannah , retuml to leave Captain Tyson anJ the party when they were drlft- ng past their homo at Cumberland Inlet , ven when It was probable that the Eskimos hcmsclvcs must be used for food by the amlshed white men. After drifting 1,500 nllea In , lx months (19C ( days ) , one of the nest thrilling Journeys on record , the party vau rescued off the coast of Labrador by the English ship Tigress. EARLY DEATH OF THE LITTLE ES KIMOS. Hannah and Joe settle ! at Groton In 1873 n a little house purchased for them by their good friend , "Father Hall. " Joe became a arpenter nnd Hannah ma-Je up furs and ther articles on her sewing machine. Two years later , In 1875 , their beloved Ittlo Punna died , nt the age of 9. She was much beloved In the Groton schools. The next year Hannah , at the ago ot 38 , led of consumption , her health broken by he exposure on the Ice lloe. She had long > een an earnet-t Christian , loving and reacl- ng her bible dally. She was tenderly cared or by Mrs. Captain Iludlngton nnd others , aylng at the last : "Come , Lord Jesus , and ako thy poor creature home. " A handsome : cno mark. ? the grave of the faithful Han nah In the cemetery. Joe came often to he graves on the hillside of Groton , and aid nt last : "Hannah gone ! Punna gone ! Me go now again to King William Land ; I have to fight ; me no care. " He vent with Lieutenant Schwatka In the franklin search party , June 19 , 1878 , and never returned to the Unite ! States. SARAH K. HOLTON. I'll.lTTLK UJTllK yUlTXaHTKUS. Harper's Round Table : "Waldo , " said Mr. lostone , "your mamma tells me that you called her a mean , stingy thing today. " "Yes , father , I did , " replied the boy , with a sob. "And don't you know It was very wrong of you to do so ? " "Yes , father. The word stingy and mean convey the same Idea , and I was guilty of a bit of tautology of which I am heartily ashamed , but In the heat of my wrath at ler refusal to bestow a second morsel of pie upon me , I completely forgot all questions of rhetorical Import. " Somervlllo Journal : First Little Girl And Isn't your cat afraid of mice ? Second Little Girl Oh , no , not a single bit. , First Little Girl That's queer. And she's a lady cat , too. Isn't she ? New York Mercury : Sunday School Teacher Now , children , we have read the story of Rebecca waiting nt the well. Who can tell me why she waited there ? Willy Dee I can. Her sweetheart was n milkman , nnd she J < ncw that was the surest place to find him. Detroit Free Press : Mother I am not whipping you because you went In swimming , jut because you told a story about It. Boy ( blubbering ) Welt , If you didn't want to whip me anyhow , what did you ask me about It for ? Chicago Record : Sunday School Teacher Why did the naughty children mock the prophet Ellsha when he went up the hill ? Little Johnny Because he had to get off lis wheel and walk. KltKI.H'ElliS. ( Written for The nee. ) High up above the haunts of fevered men , As If some angel sought Its pure repose , And near to heaven ns things of earth may be , The edelweiss blooms In the Alpine snows. As soft nml velvety Its stalnlets white ( And they say , too , who live below , as cold ) Howbeit 'tis the emblem of young love. Cloud-kissed and rare the llowcret doth unfold. The slow plebeian herdsman hath no skill To tell the love to which his life doth cleave ; He knows the song his heart sings all day long1. And yet the words are fettered there at eve. There's not a bird that carols to the morn , There's not a bee which sips the sweet ened rose. Nor anything In nature's noble realm But seems to him that deep love to dis close. \nd often , when the Alpine evening wane1 * . The musing swain looks up with tender eyes , Marvels how much his life might still con tain If , when the morning mellowed In tha skies , His hand mluht pluck this blossom of the snows. In truth , they say It hath so strange n claim , It wins the inald whose heart had else been cold. It It Is found nnd given In her name. Precipitous , alas ! the mighty peaks , So delicately poised that but the stride Of some light , errlns foot doth often send An avalanche a-down the mountain side. And hero It grows ! What brooding poet gave The pure significance It proudly bears. There where the mountaineer may search In vain ; There , high above men's murmurlncs nnd cares. KATHKYN HUSH. PRESSURE OF THE DEEPS , Grave Coincqucncn ot Hiving Ono Hun dred nnd Sixty I > ct. The steamer Alfonso XII. , having on board ten boxes of gold coin , each box worth $50,000 , struck on a rock and sank at Grand Janary while on a voyage from Cadiz to Havana In 1SS6. It was ascertained , says the Boston Traveler , that the specie was at n depth of Lwenty-elx and two-third fathoms 160 feet and grave doubts were entertained of the possibility of any diver being able to with stand the tremendous pressure Incidental to such a depth , viz. , sixty-seven pounds to every superficial square Inch of his body. Experiments .at this depth were made off Dartmouth , and two men , Lambert and Tcssler , were found equal to the perilous task , dresses having been prepared which would remain water-tight at this great depth. An expedition > vas sent out by the Marine Insurance company , the divers to receive a reward of 5 per cent , or $2,500 on each box recovered. Lambert got up seven boxes and Tctsler two. So terrible was the pressure that neither man could stay below for mure than a few minutes , and Lambert , for some time after his return , suffered from chronic paralysis of the bowels , by which he was In many respects reduced to the hopeless con dition of a babe In the cradle. Probably a tightly sealed kettle , sent down empty to the same depth , would have been crushed fiat. As It was , tlje divers only succeeded In finding nine boxes out of the ten , JoO.OW thus remaining below. A subsequent expedition went In search ol this box , and the diver , after being down for twenty minutes , was hauled up , only to die. Not a whit discouraged , another ex- nedUloji went out with two divers from uefimTny. - The first of these was promptly hauled up half dead , only to be sent ashore to the hospital , raving mad ; the other went down but returned , declaring that no box wai there. Whether ho really got to far as the lazaretto from which the nine boxes were taken Is open to doubt. The pressure a tuch depths must be positively crushing. In the accounts of one of the deep sea dredging expeditions It Is mentioned tha when the trawl was raised from a grea depth the pressure proved to have been sucl as to crush together the wood of thu traw becm , so that the knots started out of It. The Keystone Iron works of Reading , Pa. have resumed operations after three years Idleness , . . . . DAYSOFOURmNDFATIILRS 'Say ' Not that the Fmm r Tim's Were Far Better Than Taoso. " IS EVIDENCE TO THE CONTRARY low Ilio Diiilillm ntitniced tn 1,1 vnVltli - out the CciiviMiloiicennf Our liny The Wrought In t Century. It Is common with some men , especially hose advanced In life , to complain of the irescnt and to contrast It with "tho good Id times , " to the .advantage of the latter. The habit of decrying the age In which we Ivo Is old ; even In the days of Cicero there vere croakers who lamented the departure of ancient times and customs , and It may be , EO ommon Is this hahlt to people advanced In yea'rs , that even Adam In his old age grunt- ilcd to live about how the times were chang- ng , and that the world was different from vhut It was when he and the mother of nuin- clnd were young. But nothing Is more certain han that the world Is wiser , better , happier odny than ever before. So rqpld has been Its irogrcss In all directions that In compani on , the people of even a century ago were avages. It Is difficult for us , says the St. Louis Globe-Democrat , accustomed as ve are to the conveniences and comforts of nodern life , to understand how our grund- athera could have lived without them. The vorld has moved so fast and gone EO far that nany things now deemed Indispensable and vithln the means of the poorest , were then regarded as luxuries obtainable only by the rery wealthy ; while by far the greater por- lon of appliances In everyday use were hen absolutely unknown. Their day had lot then come. A glance Into any history of discoveries and Inventions snows that the vorld has made more progress In the last 100 years than the preceding ten centuries. NO KAIUIOADS. A hundred years ago there was not a mile of railroad track , not a locomotive , not a railroad car , not a railroad Invention , not a lelegraph line , not a phonograph , rot a type writer , not even an effective system of short- liand In the world. The steamboat was an experiment whose success was greatly doubted ; steam engines were looked upon with grave suspicion. In England the com mon people regarded Watt as ? a necromancer ; .n . America there were a few steam engines which had been brought from the old country , but not much was thought of their working power. A hundred years ago thtre was not in accordion nor an apple-parer In existence. Balloons were In their Infancy , blast fur naces unknown. There was not a gas pipe , not a gas jet In the world , nor even an Ar- gand lamp , and coal oil , procured In very- small quantities , was.soH In little vials as a specific for rheumatism. The poor used a "rush" light , made by Hipping a dried rush nto the most convemeimsort of fat or grease ; : he middle classes used candles of tallow ; : he rich burned Bperm < or wax. Chlnawure was not In common use ; a few years before 1790 a factory was set up by Wedgewood , and was not at that time a success. The circular sa\y waa In the. hands of Its Inventor. The farmer shelled corn by hand and with the assistance of a cob. Whitney was busy with the Idea of a cotton gin , which he was com pleting In 1783. The features of the people were preserved far future generations by : neans of oil paintings or crayon portraits , .or ' daguerreotypes and photographs were un known. MINES ANDJLETTERS. Miners were subject to constant danger 'rom explosions , for there were no Eafrty amps. People left one page of letter paper blank , folded It over the rest , and scaled It with wax , ' for envelopes were not made Letters wore not stamped ; postage was paid it the time ; the letter paper was unruled , lor there were no ruling machines. No rub ier bands were In existence to hold papers together , ! or India rubber had not yet been Drought from the depths of the Brazilian [ orcst ; papers were sewed together in place of bolnp fastened with convenient clamps , and were then tied with the traditional red tape. Handkerchiefs wore known only to the wealthy , and seldom made use of by them , being first made popular by the Em press Josephine , who had bad teeth , and concealed the deformity by holding a hand kerchief before her lips when she laughed. Linen collars and cuffs were unthought ot , and starch was little used by either richer or poor. The fanners cut grain with a sickle , for the scythe and cradle had1 not Seen invented , while harvesters , reapers and mowers and twine-binders were undreamed of. There were no horse railroads In the streets , no stages save for long journeys , no Ice machines , no Ironclads , no rilled guns. The knitting was all done by hand , [ or stocking machines were not In existence , nor were lightning rods nor lifeboats. There were no road wagons ; musical Instruments were scarce and costly. There were a few clavichords and harpsichords , and although some of the greatest composers had finished their work , their compositions had not been leard on the Instruments best adapted to them. Bach never heard his compositions Clayed on a piano. Nails were made by iiand. There was no straw paper ; there were no paper bags , nor skates , nor steel ions. Coal tar was not In existence , so hero were no aniline dyes nor flavoring ex tracts. The power press bad not come Into Delng ; printing was done by hand ; nor wap there any stereotyping. NO REVOLVERS OH BANKS. ; There were no revolvers for the use ot the criminal classes ; highwaymen armed themselves with horse pistols a foot long , giving a report like a young cannon. There were no savings banks , no seed drills , no sewing machines , no machines for making shoes , uo steam fire engines , no stem-wind ing watches , no street sweepers , for sweep ing was never done save at crossings. The streets were unpav d ; at the corners and on both sides of the way , stepping stones were placed about a Soot apart that pedes trians might be kept cut of the mire , and these steps , on a rainy day , caused frequent conflicts between citizens anxious to keep their feet out of the mud. There were no tacks , and consequently no jokes about stepping on these Instruments of torture. There was no machine-made thread. Vac- clnnatlon had been In use about ten years , aut had not come to America , and In Eng land Jenncr sometimes found It necessary to have himself attended by a guard to prevent violence- from the common people. There was no wooduu pavement , no wood paper ; very few roomaUn America had car pets on the floors , sand being used Instead. There were no factory-made chairs , no water pipes In the streets ; * there was no water In the houses Bare -what was carried In tiy hand ; nor weret there any house fur naces. Cooking In winter was done In Iron pots before a might)1- hearth , and In the outhouses In summer.- The windows would not lift , for window weights had not been Invented. . The sasbch sometimes opened outwardly like ourtshutters , but were not often used In this \ y , for the Importance of ventilation was TIM understood. MEDICAU COLLEGES. A hundred years a.no there were no med ical colleges worthy ) ot the name In Amer ica ; a young doctarlleirned his trade from an old doctor , a ad In the course of six months' study acquirud the art of mixing tbo big doses which rtvcre then In common use. There were ad > drug stores , with their long array ot bottles labeled with unpro nounceable names. Moat of the chemicals now In use are ot the present century. No patent medicines vee employed. In the spring of the year people drugged themselves with huge doses of senna and manna , as well as of rhubarb , of brimstone and trea cle. Ague Ma were common , but thcru was no quinine for thalr alleviation ; pounded Peruvian bark , at an enormous price , an swered the purpose. There was no mor phine , no bromide of any kind , no chloral , There wa no mercy for the tick man. "Bleed him till he faints , " was the favorite precept of more than ono physician. It. New England , at least , there was no chance to escape the church service. The preacher often preached for four hours at a time , noted his audience very carefully , and any member of the flock abient without suffi cient excuse was waited upon the next day by the constable , hauled before the must"- trate , admcnlihed , and uoon a second of- fenw. was fined and put In the stocks , A wealthy clergyman was unknown ; the preacher was paid in kind , and received during the year a little ol. everything that hlii flock ate nml wore. Each parlshlniict deposited at the door nt his spiritual ad viser a little corn , a few potatoes , a llttit > wood , a little salt perk , a little hominy , some , oats , a fowl or two , some fish , n piece or two of corn beef. Illch editors were as scarce as wealthy preachers ; their subscribers paid their dues In wood. , corii and wheat ; the editors were apparently always asking for money and never getting It. CAHUYINO THE MAILS. There were no regular malls , for the mall carrier was never scut out until he had enough matter to pay the expenses ( if the trip. The mall between New York nml Huston , In 1794 , was carried In n single pair 'of raddle-bag ; , and when Its quantlt ) had Increased so that two pair wore neces sary , the carrier rebelled and struck for higher wages. No facilities for traveling existed. A man starting from Massachu setts to Virginia made his will and bade lls : friends farewell , as though ho never was to roe them again. Two stage coaches plica between New York and Boston , were from six to nine days on the road , and passed each other on the way. In the cities of 100 years ago there were a few street lamps fed by whale or train oil , but they were seldom lighted , except on gala occasions , fpr everybody was In bed shortly aftei dark. A century ago there was no sleep for the boys In the churches ot New Yorker or Boston , for a man with n polo stoo'l ready to prctl the sleepy youth and tliti ? keep him alive to a fence of the spiritual condition. Nor was there any escape from the collection , for a deacon passed round with it bag at the end of a pole , to which a little bell was attached to call the atten tion of the drowsy contributors. No organb were used In the churches , and the singing was so slow that one preacher testifies ho had time to take breath twice on one note. Our great-grandfathers had no coal , nor were they fortunate enough to possess matches. When the lire accidentally went out during a long winter's night a boy was dispatched In the morning with n thovel to the nearest neighbors to bring fire. If there were no neighbors an effort was made to kindle a blaze by a handful of whittled shavings. Ignited by powder touched off with flint and steel. Stone houses were few , those of brick still fewer. In the country log houses were fashionable , and In cities most of the houses were of frame work. There was not a chromo In America , nor were there any statues ; marble cutting wa unknown. There were no visiting cards , no engraved Invitations , no paper boxes. THE WAY OF THE TRANSGRESSOR Our great-grandfathers had no mercy on prisoners. In Newgate , Conn. , an old mine served as R prison. Descent was effected to It by means of a ladder , and , for further se curity , the prisoner was fastened to the floor by one foot , and to the celling by means of a chain passed round his neck. The treadmill , stocks and pillory were In every parish , and hangmen kept knives for cutting off the cars , slitting the 1'ps ' and trimming the noses of offenders , and also manipulated the branding Irons. Counterfeiters were marked with a "C" on the forehead ; thieves were marked with "P" for the Latin "fur , " or "T" for the English "thief. " Swearing In public was not allowed ; the oath 'by God , ' used In Massa chusetts , was punishable by the stocks , ten lashes and a lecture from the preacher. Gradations In profanity were made. "By Christ" was punishable by the stocks and fine , without the lashes ; "G d d n" by a fine of 10 shillings , and plain , simple "damn" was worth G shillings. There was no surgery. The hod carrier today , who falls off a lad der and Is carried to a charity hospital , re ceives better medical and surgical attention than all the money of George III could have purchased , or than all the wheat raised on George "Washington's farm could have se cured. There were no amusements ; the mart worldly-minded sinners Indulged only In danc ing and cards. There were no theaters save In two or three cities , where the play began at fi o'clock , and the managers stated that they would be obliged for any old plays their patrons did not care to use. In New England , 100 years ago , a bitter controversy was going on as to whether "theater going" should be allowed. Somebody hired a barn In Boston , put up a sign , "Exhibition Hooni. " over the door and sent a bell man up and down the streets to announce that "moral lectures would bo given by several performers at one time , " but while the "School for Scandal , " a moral lecture In several flttes , ' " was being" delivered by a company of lecturers , the players were arrested and the play stopped. MANUFACTUHES. There were no manufactures In New Eng land , and New York was of no Importance as a port of entry. AH the rice , , pitch , tar , wheat and corn exported were sent out from southern ports and the New England states were regarded as too poor to feed their own people. There was not a cotton factory In the world , for the fiber could not be separated from the seed save by hand. Linen factories had not yet come Into existence ; every house wife raised her own flax and made her own linen. Heady-made clothing stores were un known ; every housekeeper made all the clothing used by her entire family , her self spun the thread , wove the Hnsey wool- sey cloth , borrowed a pattern , adjusted It to her own notions and made every article of clothing worn by self , husband , sons and daughters. There was no unity of language In this country. Dutch was spoken In New York as much as English ; German rilght be heard In many of the Pennsylvania bcttle- ments and Scandinavian was common along the Delaware. Gaelic was spoken along the North Carolina mountains , French In South Carolina , Spanish In Florida and English In Georgia , the Central and New England states. No macadamized roads connected the colonies nies and no galloping horses were allowed In the city streets under penalty of n fine of 3 shillings and C pence. The women did no shopping and the store keeper tent out no flaming advertisements. Normal schools were yet In the future ; Sunday schools with their millions of scholars were unknown. The teacher of the district school boarded iround among his neighbors and patrons and Impressed Ideas on the youthful minds by means of a stick. Educational appliances were of the simplest possible description , con sisting of a spelling book and a manuscript arithmetic owned by the teacher. There were no slates , no paper pads , no lead pen cils ; a copy book was made from half a quire of paper. The copy was set by the preceptor -'and the writing done with the pupil's own pen manufactured from the quill 3f a home-grown goose. There were no base ball games and no boating. Gymnasiums were unknown and sawing wood was con sidered appropriate exercise for young men. There were no dude college graduates ; the Yale student had no privileges and no dainty dishes were set on his table. In the college boarding house his rations consisted , for breakfast of a pint of coffee , a biscuit nnd some butter. Mondays and Thursdays were "boiling days , " the others were "roasting days. " On "roasting days" he had for din ner two potatoes and bread In addition to his roast. On "boiling days" there was cab bage , potatoes and pudding , usually rlum duff , boiled dough with a few nihlns scat tered through It. For supper he had a tlce ! of bread and a bowl of milk. If he wanted more he had to buy It for himself. FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES. Our great grandmothers had few flowers , save such as grew wild. They knew noth ing of the hydrangea , which did1 not come from China until 1810 ; nor were they fa miliar with the maurandla vine , the salvla or the tiger flower , which came together from Mexico aboutJS22. They did not have the thumbergla , which was not brought from the East Indies until 1823 ; nor the "Wan dering Jew , " which reached North America from South America at the same date ; nor the bleeding heart , which came from Siberia In 1810 ; nor the colcus , which emigrated trom Java In 1801 ; nor the lemon verbena , which came from Chill In 1791. The calla lily- wag not known In America , and was rare In England , though it had come from the Cape of Good Hope In 1731 ; thes mllax was scarcely more familiar , though It had come from the tame part of Africa In 1732 , and the heliotrope , little better known , though It emigrated in 1757 from Peru. The straw berry geranium was just beginning to at tract attention , having come from China In 1771. and the mignonette waa unfamiliar though brought from Italy In 1752. The cyclamen had come from Cyprus in 1731 , but was not widely dlffuied , wnilo the dow plant had net yet come from the Cape of Good Hope , nor the dahlia from Mexico , and the petunia had juet arrived from South America. The vegetable garden * were hardly tetter cared for than the flower plats , The tables of our great-grandfathers of 1791 were well supplied with- flesh foo-1 and groaned under the weight of call pork , salt beef , dried or jerked beef and venison , bear meat , buffalo , mooie and elk beef and ealt ( Uh. Their meats were mostly tail or dried , for no Ice was put up and there were no bu'chor shops. "Killing a beef" was an event ; all the neighborhood was InvlteJ ; each family took a part. J-V Jjegeiables they had _ TV " * * * A f onions , Icckf , potatoes , dried beans and a few peas. Indian corn was plentiful , but turnips were scarce and little eaten , for they were thought to be bad for the eyes. The epg plant and cauliflower were unknown , although the latter had come to England from Cyprus In 1003 , but they ImJ not yet reached Amer ica , Tomatoes were grown among the ( lowers , called "love apples , " an I thought to be poisonous , Itadlshes were known , but little used. Lettuce and cucumbers were used In England , but not in America. There was no sweet corn ; the succulent snapbcan was not yet developed , nnd asparagus wns not In favor , Parsnip * were occasionally grown , but not liked. FlltMTS. For fruits they had apples dried for win ter use , peare used fresh , and n few trees of peaches. The grape , the strawberry , the raspberry , the dewberry and blackberry grow- wild , and were sometimes picked for use , but the fruit was small , sour and Inferior , and there was no thought of cultivating these plant ! ) . The watermelon , cantaloupe and muiftmelon were unknown , while oranges , bananas , pineapples nnd other trnplc.il fruit1 ! would not bear the long ocean voyaue , nnd consequently were not seen once In a decade. A hundred years ago there was nt > talk about political parties , for , nsfde from Whig , under stood to mean a man In favor of American Independence , and Tory , u man In favor of the continuance of British rule , political par ties had no existence. Slaves were held In all the states and slave trading was consid ered a legitimate form of business enter prise In which the pious New Englanders engaged as earnertly nnd zealously as did the natives of the south. Human beings were openly bought and sold , and kidnaping Indian children for slaves was a lucrative business. The multiplicity of religious denominations was yet a thing of the future. The faiths of the colonists were few and simple. The New Englanders were Congregatlonallsts , the Vir ginians were Church of England members , the Catholics were most numerous In the Carollnas and the Methodists were Just mak ing a start. The morning papers were yet In the future. Hoston had the. News-Letter , founded In 1701 ; the Boston Gazette , estab lished In 1719 ; the New England Courant , 1721 , and the Columbian Sentinel , 1776. Philadelphia had the American Weekly Mer- curle , 1719. New York had the Gazette , 1773 , and the Hoyal Gazette , founded In the same year , and Worcester , Mass. , had The Spy , established In 1775. All were weekly , and consisted of shipping news , local mat ters and on occasional very cautious expres sion of opinion on matters of public Interest. There were no telegrams , of course , and the. news letters , when dealing with political matters , rarely ventured on pub lishing names , but darkly hinted at the persons alluded to. The advertisements con sisted mostly of legal notices and reward' offered for lost animals and runaway slaves. The printing press was manipulated by han 3 , for steam was not applied to printing until 1814. The editor was called the printer nnd was liable , civilly nnJ criminally , for everything that appeared In hh papsr , nnd waa'held to an accountability so strict that a few years of the business generally made him anxious to find another Job. Such were the good old days days when every man raised his own tobacco In his front yard and smoked it In a pipe , the cob of which grew In his own field ; when every woman made her own soap with lye from the ash hop per , mixed with vile smelling grease saved for a year In her "fat barrel ; " kept her but ter In n bucket hung In the well nnd her milk In the Effing house ; days when the young gentlemen had neither cigarettes nor canes , and the young lady neither her candy nor chewing gum , nnd the small boy coulil not make the Immortal Fourth hideous with firecrackers , because he had none. Men may pralso the good old times for their simplicity , but not even the veriest croaker would bo willing to see them return. THE ARMY MULE. A llenst that Uns Mmlo 111 * Mnrk In the History of the Country. Unless you have seen actual war you can hardly Imagine what an Immense number of wagons an army requires. There are so many things that must be takan along. Ammunition , food , clothing , medicines and surgical appliances , tents , forage for the animals nnd material for the repair of the wagons themselves form the bulk of the baggage , but there Is a deal of miscellaneous stuff besides. Indeed the supplies required are so great , says the Philadelphia Times , that a large force cannot operate more than 100 miles from Its base without clinging to a railroad or navigable stream. If we take an army corps at Its average strength , say 25,000 men , It would need a train of from COO to 1,000 six-mule teams. This Immense train would stretch for ten miles behind the troops. It would cost about $1,000 per team , or from ? COO,000 to $1,000- 000. 000.An army contains from two to eight corps , each requiring the transport facilities above stated. Just before the battles of the Wilder ness the Army of the Potomac had 125,000 men. The train consisted of 4.300 six-mule wagons nnd 835 ambulances. In addition to this each man carried on nls person fifty rounds of ammunition and three days' cooked rations , while three days' beef ration , were driven on the hoof. When the terrible battles took place this great mmiber of ambulances was only suffi cient for use on the field. The wounded had to be transported to the rear In wagons that were going back for supplies. As those wagons were wholly without springs you may Imagine that the poor soldiers endured great suffering. The Fifteenth , one of the four corps that marched with Sherman to the sea , numbered 20,000 men at the start. It had 856 six-mule teams and 150 ambulances ; 225 wagons were loaded with ammunition , 300 with rations and the remainder with miscellaneous sup plies. Eight wagons had nothing but shoes nnd socks. Each wagon at the- start carried five days' forage for Its own team , but after the campaign was well under way this Item ceased to be carried. Sherman's famous bummers" found plenty among the farmers. When an army moves it would be Impos sible for the troops and their supply wagons to march on one road. If they did the column might be 100 miles long. Instead , It Is customary for the different corps , each with Its own train , to march on separate and parallel roads. Before the war the regular troops out west performed some wonderful marches , relying wholly upon supplies carried In wagons. Railroads did not exist In that part ot the country ; In fact. It was a wilderness. In 1857 the Sixth Infantry marched from Fort Leavenworth , Kan. , to Benlcla , Cal. , a distance ot 2,100 miles. The Journey took six months. The Immense wagon train of 149 six-mule teams was under charge of Cap tain Hancock , who afterward became famous. Hancock did not lose a wagon or even a wheel on the entire trip , nnd In his conduct on this occasion gave evidence of the great ability which he afterward exhibited as a general officer during the war. As a draft animal for our baggage wagons , the mule has been used for a long period. Ho can pull as much as n horse and can better stand the poor food and rough service which , are necessary accompaniments of a campaign. We tried horses In 1861 , but on account of the Immense numbers of them which died from exposure and hard work tha experiment was quickly given up. Mules are abundant In this country , and of the very best quality. St. Louis Is probably the best mule market In the world. Some , one has called the mule the best soldier we had In the war. It Is certain that the service he rendered Is beyond cal culation. Some teams were conspicuous , as witness the history ot this ono : It was fitted out In Berryvllle , Mil. , In April , 18C1. A year later It was transferred to Washing ton , and In May was sent to Fort Monroe to join McClellan's army. U followed the latter up the I'cnliikula , was at the siege of Yorktown - town , the battle of Willlanuburg and In the swumps of Chlckahomlny. Participating In the Seven Days' battles , It finally brought up at Harrison's Landing , whence It went back to Washington. It then hauled ammunition for the second battle of Bull Hun , followed the army to Antletam and froju there to Frcderlcksburg. When General Hooker took command of the army It went with him through the Chanccllorsvllle fights. In 1861 wo flnoU.lt. at , City Point with Grant. It served with him until the war closed and a year later was In Washington , as ready for duty as ever. The team was frequently without a bite of hay or grain for four or five days at a stretch , and nothing to eat but what they could pick up by the wayside. There were times also when they went without water for twenty-four hours. Those mules should have been tenderly cared for during the re t of their lives nnd never worked except for exercise. Teami of six mules each are the standard for army u e. The driver rlde the near wb el mule and uiei tniteadi of reins a leather Btraj ) . The wagon U large and very strongly built , each piece having Its dl mcnslona and material determined front ex perience. Wagon covers arc white canvas nnd have printed on each sldo In largo let ters the contents of the wagon anil the nanio ot the regiment , etc. , to which It bo- longs. The Drlttah u o nil sorts , of animals And conveyances for their baggage. This results from the widely scattered countries In which they Fcrve. In the Ashantoe war they used coolies , tor no animal could live updn the GoU coast. Men , women and children were employed. They carried the loadn upon their lictuls , the common load being fifty pounds for a. man , forty for n woman nml less for a chllJ. Each battalion of C50 men had as many carriers. In India and South Africa the British lisa oxen. They are somcwlmt slow , but require- bui ! little caie nnd thrive upon poor fee > J' ' . They will stand fire better than any otheg animal. The camel Is another animal used for car rying baggage , but only under the pack- saddle. The pack camel will make from two to three miles nn hour for any length of time , will carry a load of 400 pounds and go without water four or five days. For the reason that he Is so well adap ed for use In the Je."crt the British employed many camels In the recent Soudan campaign. The camel has some disadvantages from a military standpoint , however. He Is very dcllc.ito In constitution and Is subject to diseases but llitlo understood. He niuxt also have proper food and plenty of It. Lord Wolselsey states that the dally ration for n , good sized camel Is twenty poun's ' of dry or green fodder , together with eight ( rounds' ' of barley flour. The latter Is made up Into a. paste ball and rammed down the camel's throat. The British consider th ? elephant the kins of beast , ; of burden , although , of course , ho can only be used In warm countries. The elephant becomes fit for work nt twenty years of ago and lasts until ho Is SO. He can paclc 1,200 noun-Is imon hip back nnd haul a much , laiger load , llo will not s'aiUl fire , lcw- ever , and that Is n very serious drawback. The usual rnttbn for nn elephant Is a large , thick cake , coaslstlng of twenty-five pounds of wheat flour mixed with one pound of mo lasses. In addition ho Is given 400 pounds ot green food , such ns sugar cane. He will drink thirty gallons ofwater per day. Ntivi'l Almli'i. A. J. Cooley , nn Inventor of Horncllsvlllp , N. Y. , says ho 1ms successfully completed an nln < hlt > which will carry olid IMJISOII. It Is about ten feet In length , with two palrs > of wlnpH , each pair having a spread oC twelve feet. Placed between the two paint of wings Is n large hollow box , oiv ono end. of which the pilot-house for the occupant will be built. The front pair ofvliiK8 l rtntlonnry. Mr. Cooluy's Idea Is tluit hl machine will snll like n hawk or nn albatross tress that 1ms been thrown on the air. Having been once stretched , It will nkliu along on u certain plane , and may be either raised , lowered or turned entirely around by the movement ot the rear imlr of wind ; beaters. A public demonstration of the In vention will soon be Klvon , after which it will IK ? placed on exhibition to raise money enough to build a larger machine. I SWEET SAVORY SATISFYING SWIFT'S ' PREMIUM Think of the thousamlH of hnms niul bacon that poout from South Oniiiha duilylVo Boluot but the best ones for the brand. "SWIFTS PREMIUM. " Smoked lightly trimmed nicely extra mild not salty. No mini could make thorn bettor. For Sale by all First-Class Dealers. SWIFT AND COMPANY. A SOUTH OMAHA. NEB. JULY SPECIAL. Furniture of Every Ecsiiption in our July Special. CHAS. SHIVERICK & , CO. 12th and Douglas. Central Mississippi. The Garden of the World ! Summers Cool-Winters Mild ! Mean temperature 42 to CO , Average rain. fall CO Inches. No loni ; cold winters. No bllKhtlns hot summers. No blizzards. No drouths. Kreo fuel. Good water. The earliest markets In the country. The best prices for fruit and Bardrn truck. Twenty acres properly worked will make you moru money and mnko It euBler than the best ICO acres In the wunt or north. The tide Ima turned towards the south , the land uf quick. eat and surest results with the Ic.ist rlBlc and labor. One half the work you do hero will brlnK you four times the results In thla wonderfully rich country ; theio Is no buch thlntf as failure. The people nro friendly , the cllmato delightful and healthy ; nillionil facilities llrst-clups , und the whole country bills nnd pays fcr what you ral o. Cattla run out the whole year and do well and two to thrco crops can be rained caoh year. Particulars plvcn on application ; correspon dence solicited. 1017 Parnain St. , Omaha , Nub. Bloomers and Sweaters' and all sorts of cycle clothes will never start to shrink if you wash them with It makes flannels beautifully clean without shrinking. Then again it'o the best onJ ( most refreshing in the bath tub. Non othtr as good , AT YOUR GROCERS. RAWORTH & SCHODDE , CHICAGO.