T11HJ OMAHA DAILY BEE : SATURDAY , JUNE 22 , 1895 , 11
TOE flELD OF ELECTRICITY
Details of Another Plan to Pleco n Curb
Bit on Niagara.
WHEELS SUSPENDED FROM A BRIDGE
Electric 1'ower on It.illroniM Or.itlnilly : In-
i ; 'I ho Summer 1'uii a * n Loot *
! f Agent DerolopiiiFitt 111
I.lncn.
Atonzo C. Mather , a Buffalo Inventor , has
applied to the governor of Now York for
permission to harness Niagara In a manner
radically different from the postty plans now
epproachlng completion at the FatU. Instead
of itouo-banUcd canals , power pits and tun
nels for carrying off the waste water , Mr.
Mather proposes to throw n bridge over the
river just aboio the rapids , and by means
of mammoth undershot wheels develop an
almost unlimited amount of power.
As soon as tha necennary permission Is ob
tained an experimental ppan will be erected
and run suindcntly long to give It a hor-
ough trial. It will have stone abutments
supporting a etucl truss bridge sixty-live or
seventy foct above the water and a steel
girder supporting a uteel undershot wheel.
This wheel Is 200 feet long and forty feet In
diameter , and Us bearings are mounted on
four powerful hydraulic cjlljidurs by which
it can bo raised Instantly ten feet above the
river or snnk ten feet Into the current. Al
though the wheel Is 200 feet long , Mr. Mather
claims that It Is so perfectly constructed
and braced that It will have the same power
of resistance that an ordinary twenty-foot
wheel has , and possess as much rigidity.
Of course the power generated from this
wheel could not be taKen from thn axle , but
Instead In taken from th circumference by
link bells , running up Into the bridge. These
belts have tighteners , which keep them al
ways taut and help to regulate the strain.
The wheel will weigh over 500,000 pounds.
The brldgo Is eo designed as to have atone
ono slili * a house containing the dynamos ,
next It a roadway and tank for electrical
cars and finally a footway. The brllge , when
completed , will have ten spans Probably
not morn than three or four power wheels
will be hung beneath It. The transformation
of the pqwer generated by the wheel Into
electricity presents no particular dlfilculty ,
but the amount of horse power so produced
cannot well be estimated. It would depend
on the depth to which the wheel entered the
current , but engineers differ considerably In
their calculations as to the results obtain
able. The bill authorising the construction
of the bridge passoJ by the last legislature
provides that the work must be commenced
within two years and finished within five
years1 , but that this period shall not begin
until the permission of the Cansllan govern
ment Is obtained , provided this Is granted
within two jpars.
To complete the structure will cost several
millions of dollars , but If It succeeds , Mr.
Mather says , Buffalo will bo the greatest
electrical wonder of the world and he has
the utmost faith In his project Ho has do-
votoJ five years to the subject and In experi
ments and expert advlco of engineers has
spent some thousands of dollars.
He Is the Inventor of the Mather stock
car. of which over 2,000 are now In use , and
several other contrivances , Including a self-
lacing glove.
ELECTRIC POWER ON RAILROADS.
Electrltlty Is steadily crowding Into the
domain of steam as n railroad motive power.
The Pennsylvania railroad , It is expected ,
will soon operate an electric line from Wash
ington to Alexandria. The New York Central
Is eald to bo considering the proposition to
substitute electricity for steam on the New-
York & Putnam railroad , a line cf fifty mlloa
In length , that runs northeasterly from New
York City through the Harlem valley. It Is
quite likely that the change of motive power
will be entirely unobjectionable , for there
will bo no decrease of speed and there surely
will bo Increase of cleanliness and a greater
number of trains. Should electric motors be
installed on the Now York & Putnam road
there teen may follow direct electric car
communication between Now York City and
Jlwton , for the Now York & Putnam would
provide that desirable and necessary some
thing entrance Into New York City.
The Introduction of electricity on the Nan-
taskct branch of the New York , New Haven
& Hartford lines and the studies which the
New Yoik Central road Is making to deter
mine Its suitability for the Uultalo & Nia
gara Falls branch of that system have been
noticed widely in the papers , but a French
Journal , the Revue Generate des I'hamlns de
Fcr , states that the Paris. Lyons & Medit
erranean railway has been operating a short
branch by electric ty for over a year , ? o that
It Is probable that the American railways
cannot claim priority In the use of the new
system of propulsion. This French line is
qulto short and Is used chiefly as a coal road.
From Clapler , a small station on the St.
Qtlenno & Lanpeac dlv slon , It rises for five-
eighths of a. mile on a G.C per cjnt grade to
Montmarte , and then runs for a mile to the
mines over more level ground , the maximum
grade being but 1.4 per cent The steeper
part Is operated by a cable at the top of the
Incline , so arranged that eight loaded cars
in descending drag up as many empty cars
The remainder of the line has two tunnels
along Its length , one of which was subject
formerly to frequent cave-Ins. These caused
annoying delays In the operation of the line
and led to the lining of the tunnel with tim
ber. This part of the road had been op-
" crated by steam locomotives , but as they were ,
of course , unsulled for use In a timber lined
tunnel , electricity wa.1 adoptol In place of
steam. The current Is distributed by a rail
placed on blocks at ono side of the track In the
manner adopted on the Intramural railway at
the Columbian exposition. The locomotive
hauls eight empty cars over the steepest part
of the line at a speed of three and three-
fourths miles an hour and five miles an hour
elsewhere. The trip , with the loaded cars ,
being on a descending grade , Is made some
what more quickly. From twelve to fifteen
trains are run each way dally and the con-
numptlon of coal Is said to be a trifle le-is
than with the steam locomotives used pre
viously.
AN ELECTRIC SOLUTION.
The Phlladelphlans are greatly exercised
over the big statue of William Penn which
surmounts the tower of their flne city hall.
As the figure now stands It faces the old
1'enn Treaty park , the point at which Penn
landed , and the right arm Is extended In
that direction. From the entire southern
section of the city only the back of the
statue U visible , while from tha extreme
east and west only a profile > lew of Penn's
features can be obtained. A local engineer
1ms conceived the novel idea that the way to
please everybody would be to make the itatua
revolve , and the common council lias aet
about putting the Idea Into execution. The
statue is to be removed from Its fastenings
on a permanent plane and bolted to a re
volving plane , so that it will turn completely
around once In twenty-four hours. The tow r
is to be supplied by a central shaft driven by
electrical machinery. The revolution of the
shaft of the statue U to bo so slow that
its movement r.Ill not ba perceptible. It U
also proposed to place permanent marks on
the base of the north , south , cast and west
points , and on the revolving base to Indicate
the time of day. These marks are to repre
sent 12 o'clock midnight , 0 a. m. . 3 and G
p , in. For the further convenience of the
public It Is contemplated to Illuminate the
statue at night by electric light , eo that the
time of day may bo discerned at all times.
TELEPHONE l.MPI'.OVEMENTd.
Among recent telephone Improvements U
an attachment for neutralizing disagree
able sounds produced in the telephone by
induction , and enabling the h'arer to concen
trate himself on the ccnver.'atlon he Li listen
ing to , undisturbed by surrounJIng nolsoi.
A cushion of soft cum rubber Is fitted Into
a metal rim that clamps over the end of the
telephone iccelver. This cushion Is adjuried
so as to pl\e exactly the right distance be
tween the diaphragm and the ear drum , and
is said to Improve the hearing of telephone
talk fully 50 per cent. As the cushion ts
large enough to entirely close the ear. the ad
vantage of a round-proof booth Is practically
eecured. Another Ingenolus attachment hat >
b."en devised for telephones to be used In
factories and t-hopi where the din Is to great
that it It almost Itnpoiv'.ble to hear the call
be'tf of the Instrument. It conslsta of a
steam whittle , which U turned on by means
of a lever operated by magnnlsm. When a
call l made , the boll ring * , usual , but the
current then pjisea through a magnet , and
t wdght 1 * released which pulla th * vrhUtle
lever. The whlitl * Ve pi tp Its wntnlrg note
until tome ODO answers th call and turns elf
the rteam , which I * donby replacing tbo
n eight.
Tim SUMMKH FAX.
There Is just now more activity In th ? silo
of motor fans thun 'In any branch of tlcf-
trlcal business , and clwtrlc fans will'on I
e more commotrthun tc tng machlni-i. Tt7 !
nbllc l beginning lo r alr-j ! how tiiuoh ex-
nptlon from dlvanifort In hot weather de-
ends upon this Lnndy little nppllnm1 * . In
flcsi It quickly pay * for Itself , for It en-
bles a man to do his Cull share of work on
ay when the p nple down lu the Mrect nrc
lopping their brow * and blocking the ride *
alk around the thermometer. In n prhate
QU90 It li useful in a dozen wayi. ati'l It
laced at night In a bedroom H brings re-
rcihlng sleep Instead of the wiory wakeful-
ess of n clojc , stifling atmosphere. A rc < -
aurant proprietor of Ixis AngclC'i jIvc ; to
ic electric fan the credit of saving him from
ankruptcy In certain weather th smell of
Is kitchen became so pervasive that It Vtai
riving all his customers away. After vainly
rylng dirt-rent remedlpn. he had a large tan
o fixed that all the fumes of the cooking
ere drawn tip n shaft and passed Into the
tiler air. The difference In the atmosphere
f the restaurant was not lost on the pub-
c : the business returned , and teen went
oyond all former records. A writer In an
lectrlcal Journal tells of an experience In a
nctnry gallery where huge vats were lm-
lerlng. The cooltst Inan In the factory was
he attendant standing over the vats , who
\as briskly blown upon by a little fan motor ,
n another case a valuable cook had given
lotlce to leave , In consequence of the heat
> f th kitchen. The mailer of the house
v.is dlconolate , and told hli plight to an
lectrlcal friend , who suggested putting a
an motor In the kitchen. This was done
and the cook ts there > et , and vows , more-
iver , that she will never leave , except to go
o some other kitchen where a fan motor
can be found.
HOME COMFORTS.
From the moment the public saw for Itself
hat electric currents could bo delivered
and kept ready for any purpose without rare
or anxiety , the business of the manufactur-
rs of storage batteries entered a new phase
Where the street mains are not available , a
ew cells of battery can be left at the house ,
and called for , to be recharged when neces
sary. So common has this utilization of
electric current become that many families
are new dispensing with ono of their
lervants , as they find they can now do by
ts agency much of the domestic work for
merly left to hired help. A significant In-
llcatlon of this development Is found In the
fact that an extensive company has been
organized at a popular Now Jersey watering
; > lnce for the supply of all manner of do
mestic labor-saving appliances , and storage
batterlca for operating them , to the Iran
slent Usltors and the permanent visitors of
the town. A special form of storage battery
will bo used , made of lead wire , which will
jive a large surface , with little weight. One
branch of the company's business will be
the building of electric launches , supplied
with storage batteries , which will be Bold
outright or rented to the visitor. The num
ber of those who are fond of the water and
of water sport , but wish neither to row
nor to handle sails , Is very large ; more
over , electricity at once renders women or
Invalids , as well as the man who has come
out from the city with the fixed Intention
of being as lazy as It Is possible to be , quite
Independent of physical exertion In cruising
about.
about.DETECTING
DETECTING SHAM DIAMONDS.
An Inventor has devised an electrical ap
paratus for the detection of sham or paste
diamonds. The diamond is moistened and
slowly moved toward a small , thin disk of
aluminium , which Is rapidly revolved by an
electric motor. The contact of the diamond
thus constitutes a brake to the motion of the
disk If metallic marks are found on the
supposed gem. It Is not genuine ; otherwise
It Is a purs stone. The idea Is based on the
fact that It a sharp piece of aluminium be
rubbed on moistened glass , brilliant metallic
markings appear , but the phenomena Is ab
sent when similar contact ts made with a
diamond. Thij same Inventor is credited with
an electric egg-testing device , which consists
of a box' provided with two holes and fitted
Inside with a mirror at 45 degrees. A small
electric lamp outside the box throws lighten
on the egg placed in one of the holes In the
top of the box. Through the other hole can
be seen In the mirror the reflection of the il
luminated egg , which will bo clear of streaks
and stains or otherwise , according as It is
stale or sound.
THE ELECTRIC LIBRARY.
There are many remarkable things about
the new Hoston library , of which the most
novel Is the method of conveying the books
between the main desk and the bookcases on
the various floors.
It was early in the work of building the
library that the problem of book transporta
tion presented Itself for solution , sajs the
Electrical Engineer. In the old library , now ,
vacated , a score or more boys were employed ,
their duty being to run to all parts of the
building for the books required. Under the
new order of things about five times more
work would have to l > e done , which meant an
army of boys , each one of whom might have
to tramp from eight to ten miles every day.
The Impossibility , therefore , of continuing
such a system was realized and a change de
cided upon.
A local company was called upon to design
and construct a mechanical system suited to
the requirements of the service. It had no
data to go by , and so had to devise something
entirely now , by means of which the attend
ants would bo able to secure a book from any
part qt the vast buiWng , with Its five acres
of book shelves , and Wat with a minimum of
time and labor. They designed a .system by
which an attendant on the floor has only to
pick out the book wanted , put it In a railway
car with a cable attachment , push It oft the
side switch to the main line , from whence it
runs 'round at the rate of 000 feet a minute
to a special elevator , which drops automati
cally , as soon as the car Is In position , down
to the delivery room , waits till the empty
car rolls back and then delivers It on a return
track to the switch It started from.
For the accommodation of the hundreds of
thousands of volumes there are six stories
or stacks , as they an technically called , of
books. According to this arrangement , the
delivery room , which opens on to the main
reading room , although on the second floor
front , occupies a position between the fourth
and fifth stacks.
The aim of the designers was to focus
all the books toward this one place , and
as a first step they constructed an elevator
well , long and narrow This pierced the
entire building , from basement to roof , run
nlng by the stacks and delivery room. In
this way they set up shafts for threj ele
vators , ono for each stack. The delivery
roof , being between the fifth and sixth stacks ,
two distinct elevator motions had to bo
provided for ; the one from the fifth and
sixth stacks going down , while the ones
from the tint , second , third and fourth went
up to the room. In the basement the ten-
her e power motor has been Installed to
haul the elevators , which It does very satlt-
factorlly. Then there had to be constructed
a railway around the building. A miniature
track with an eight-Inch gauge , and follow
ing the lines of the Interior court yard was
built. The track ii ever half a mile In
length. The cars are maj > of wire , and
travel 500 feet a minute , with ten to thirty
poundt weight of books in them. At cer
tain points are aw Itches working outomatl-
cally , by menas of which the cars are di
verted to whatever part of ths building or
different floors they may ba required. There
are eighteen stations along the track , so ar
ranged that certain cars ktop at the-lr own
assigned depots and at t other. The same
company constructed the pneumatic tube sys
tem by means of which cards , tickets and
other messages are dUpatched to any de
sired point and returned by the same route.
This apparatus Is operated by the came
motor.
itrctrlril : Notel.
Telephone rates at Ottumwa , la. , dropped to
$30 a year for otficej and $12 for houses.
Score another for competition.
The recent hot spell down east caused a
tremendous rush for electric fans. One firm
In Now York City sold an average of 400 a
day for a week.
The city of Springfield. III. , has gouo Into
the electric lighting business. It was being
charged $138 per arc lamp a year by the pri
vate company In the field , and the debt of the
city was already up to the lawful limit. So
atxty men of property loaned their credit tu
the city and a municipal lighting plant has
been put up. This has been Iei4ej to two
Dktlled electricians for fHe ) eir on a con-
trtct to supply the city with llgat at ( GO a
lamp. Appropriations will be ma Jo by the
city at the rate of $113 a lamp , and the dif
ference turned Into a sinking fund , which
will extinguish the debt Incurred In five
years. Thun the cl y expects to run the plant
Itself.
It has recently been claimed , says Elec
tricity , that oils and fats may not only bo
bleached , but sweetened and purified gener
ally by treating them with an electric cur-
| root. The syjteni upon which thlc Is ef
fected ts as follows' There Is a tank divided
Into two part * by mean * of a porous parti
tion ; In one of the compartments thus formed
U plactMl a solution of common salt at 8
degree Twaddell etrenRth , and Immersed In
his solution U a carbon electrode. In the
other compartment there Is a mixture of
the oil or fat with a similar silt solution , anJ
mmoMed In the mixture Is a copper olec-
trade. A continuous electric current Is then
generated by means of a dynamo , the oil
and salt solution being agitated by median-
cat means at the satim time.
UNCLE SAM'S OWN FARM.
One 1'atoll of 43O ( Irmiioi Ne r Ideal In
( Jri vli5 I'laiU' ,
Ilack of the big brick seed barn of the
Department of Agrlculltire Is a very funny
kind of a garden , which has just begun to
sprout , vays the Washington Star , U covers
about half an acre , which Is divided up Into
ever so many llttlo rectangular patches Of
the latter there are 450 In all , which arc
sown with as many different kinds of
grasses. The seeds for most of these have
been obtained from foreign countries ,
through United States consuls , who have
responded to a circular sent out by the De
partment of State requesting them to for
ward samples. In fact , they come from all
over the world , and the purpose of the
garden described Is to moke a fairly com
prehensive exhibit of the grasses of all
lands.
Included among the 150 species arc vari
ous kinds of forage plants. The Idea for this
novel exhibit Is original with 1'rof. Schrlb-
ner , the agrostologist recently engagsd by
the Department of Agriculture. When all of
the plants are fully de\eloped , along toward
autumn , the garden will be very pretty to
look upon. There will even be bamboos ,
which belong to the family of grasses Ad
joining the garden Is Mr. L O. Howard's
Insect rearing establishment , In which bugs
of multitudinous varieties are bred under
glass. The latter gentleman jocularly threat
ened to let out his bugs to browse upon
Prof. Schrlbner's grasses , not to mention
the plants of different kinds which Trof.
Wiley Is cultivating In the Immediate vicin
ity.
ity.Prof.
Prof. Wiley has an outfit of a very pe
culiar sort. It consists of a shed with a
glass roof , out from under which run a
series of parallel railway tracks , for a dis
tance of about sixty or seventy feet. On the
ralU are miniature flat oils , which carry
huge earthen rots and wooden tubs. In each
tub Is a growing plant. There are a number
of specimens of each kind of plant potato ,
pea or what not each growing In a differ
ent kind of soil. The purposs In vlow Is to
find out Just how much available food Is con
tained In various soils.
The soils employed have previously been
analyzed. The quantity of plant fool In a
,1011 may not determine ttt usefulness for
producing crops. Inasmuch as It may not be
In such shape as to be easily absorbed.
Feeding plants Is like feeding babies ; the
diet has got to be not merely nutritious , but
easily digestible. Having ascertained by
analysis just how much plant food la con
tained In each kind of soil. Prof. Wiley wants
to know how much of It Is assimilated In the
process of vegetable growth. The soils ex
perimented with are from all parts of the
United State. ! , end the Information obtained
Is cxpecteJ to be of much use to farmers.
The days of farming by gueawork have
nearly passed by , and now agriculture Is a
scientific pursuit The rails and cars enable
Prof Wiley to run his plants under shelter
when It rains. Haiti water contains nitro
gen , which being added In iinletermlned
quantities would Interfere with the accu
racy of his experiments. Only distilled water
Is furnished to the plants.
The Department of Agriculture raises every
year on Its farm many thousands of plants
for distribution through members of congress
and to applicants generally This season It
will take 85,000 cuttings of grape vines , com
prising twenty-five varieties. Of course , the
grape vines are grown out of doors. Twenty-
two varieties of olives will be grown under
glass for the same purpose , to be distributed
In the south. Of these , 10,000 will be pro
duced , some varieties being best for oil and
others most suitable for pickles. Out of
doors will bo grown thirty varieties of figs ,
from which perhaps 1.500 cuttlugs will be
taken. To the list will bo adu > d 100.000
strawberry plants , of forty varieties : also
5,000 camphor plants , raised from seed , and
pineapples , guavas , oranges and lemons.
Olives and figs are distributed only south of
North Carolina , camphor plants south of
Savannah and pineapples In eastern Florida ,
due regard being had for the climatic condi
tions suitable for the raising of these pro
ducts.
*
MACHINERYAND IABOB.
Mnnufucturcrors ami U'orMnemcn Under
< ImiiKlnc Conditions ,
The Doston Transcript tells of a manufac
turer employing 700 operatives who is busy
with experiments to determine the productive
unit of a working day , In the hope of being
able to diminish the number of hours of
labor In that day. Ills Idea la to ascertain
what constitutes a fa r day's product , and
then to help his employes to fewer hours of
labor by requiring from them only that pro
duct , turned out as it may be In fewer hours
than at present. If nine hours of fresher and
more buoyant labor will turn out the same
product as ten hours of more jaded labor ,
ha can afford to pay and Is disposed to pay
the same wages for the former as for the
letter. Ills operatives , he believes , by rea
son of this Incentive of more leisure for re
creation , Will .do swifter and better work ,
while they are employed , and the shorter
working day will be a boon to them , while
It will inflict no loss upon him.
In the furtherance of such experiments as
this , the Improvements which have been
made In machinery count as an Important
factor. These Improvements , to a largo ex
tent , have taken the direction of Increased
speed. The American Wool and Cotton lie-
porter furnishes striking corroborative evl-
denceon this point. In some print cloth mills
spindles are run at a speed of from 10,000 to
12,000 revolutions a minute , which Is double
the rate of thirty years ago. Broad looms ,
which twenty-five years ago would run
seventy picks per minute , on woolens and
worsteds , are now run at 100 to 110 picks.
The Improvements spinning machines have
resulted In better yarn , and this enables the
looms to do more rapid and better work.
Cotton looms making print cloths are run
up to 210 picks per minuteas against a rate
of 160 picks per minute thirty year * ago. The
most remarkable performance was that of a
loom at the World's fair In Chicago , running
at the rate of 2SO picks per minute on ging
hams. There have been similar gains In
carpet-making machinery , and in all depart
ments of manufacture.
It Is true , doubtless , that the swifter ma
chinery is more exacting In Its demands upon
the workman. Hut It results In a very con-
_ slderable Increase In the product which he Is
iable to turn out. A part of the advantage of
this Increase very properly goes to the man
ufacturer , as a return upon the increased
cost of his plant. A part of It Inures to the
public. In the form of lower prices , nut a
part belongs to the operative , and may prop
erly be realized by him in the form of fewer
hours of labsr or better wages. To a certain
extent these gains are already his , and they
will Ito his to a larger degree , as such ex
periments as that of the manufacturer to
whom we referred at the beginning toke
shape In new rchedulet adjusted to the new
conditions.
Twenty for Two.
Here Is a pomewlut new story of tha
Niagara falls hackman , told by the Buffalo
Rxpre&j.
Two tourists , a lady and a gentleman 1 ,
stopped off at the falls Jietwoen trains. A
hackman engaged them for a brief tour of
sightseeing. The time actually consume : !
was flfty-flvo minutes. The hackman said
ho must have $10 The gentleman remarkol
that It was an outrage. The driver OTp'alncd
that ho had be n of great assistance In pointIng -
Ing cut the places of Interest , and stood
firm. The gentleman prepare ! to pay under
protest.
Unfortunately for himself he handed the
man a $20 bill.
"Do you pay for the hdy alr > ? " asked
the hackmin , promptly.
"Do I iwy for the lady ? " repeated the
fare In attonUhment. "Of course I do.
What do you mean ? "
"Then there will bo no changa , " replloj
the hackman. "My charge of { 10 ii for
one person ; { 20 for two persons. Tbo
amount you have handed me ti exactly cor
rect. Thank you. sir. "
Two silver wines at Granite , near Butte ,
ilojiU , bate closed , owing to the low price
of silver , throwing out 1,000 men. Another
niltlo In the same locality l > likely to close
shortly , and It is expected that tbe town of
Qranlto will be completely abandoned to tha
mine owners.
AN OPAL IN TitILDERSESS
A Western Jewel Racily Sketched bj an
Eastern Tgpdoifcot.
IIUVBLE L'FE ' IN A LOFTY ALTITUDE
The Ilnro ( Jrnlinlio I'rctlileA Over the
t tiatiiinaniHl mill Hoolul 1.1 to
of the Metruiiot | ut tlio Ulnlali
3Iuuutulu i-Uirlmltlc .
Scattered on either side of a heavy up
grade of the Union Pacific tracks , leading
from a canon of the Ulntah mountains of
Wyoming , are some half dcren log houses , a
store , a saloon and as many corrals. This
Is Opal. It seems the height of Impudence ,
writes n tenderfoot correspondent of the
Philadelphia Inquirer , that a town so llmlled
In Its proportions should occupy a place on
the map , but Opal Is an important city. Tor
that matter , a section house , a sidetracked
hand car and a sign board are all that Is re
quired itf the makeup of a western "city , "
and a guaranteed license to appear on the
map In the same sUcd type as any of Its
alster cities.
Opal , with its half dozen houses , is a
metropolis. It Is the railroad center for a
district covering 200 miles to the north , em
bracing a region of sheep and cattle ranches
among the wealthiest In Wyoming and the
newly dlsco\ercd gold mines at Cora , the
hope of thousands of speculators and miners.
Opal has many advantages. It Is away
up , resting some 7,400 feet above the sea
level. f Then there Is plenty of room and no
crowded streets. rour-horaa teams of
bunches of cattle pass each other In the
busiest thoroughfares without coming within
speaking distance. The only government
building In the place Is the postofflce , which
occupies a corner of the llttlo station , while
the noticeable absence of jails and police
stations strengthens tha air of freedom
.
which characterizes this t > plcal western
town.
The Opalltes are as Interesting as the
place they llvo In. The man who owns the
store is the acknowledged mayor of the city.
Ho is not elected to this high olllco. He
don't need to bo. His position demands it ,
and thrown in contact with every man on
the range ho hears all their troubles , while
putting up their orders , and Is broad-mlndod
enough to agree with all , one at a time.
In this way ho Is the confidant of every cus
tomer , arid If ho occasionally or Invariably
charges for a half hour's sympathy In con
nection with a side of pork , no objection Is
made.
A WESTERN BUSINESS MAN.
The storekeeper at Opal Is not only recog
nized to be , but naturally is , the cleverest
man in the place. He Is Just what the suc
cessful western storekeeper must be , a first
class business man , a hustler , a true judge
of human nature , with ability to use hla
knowledge in hla own behalf , good-natured ,
always to be rolled on In time of trouble ,
a clever entertainer , cool , courageous and
all-in-all a man , embracing all the true and
genuine qualities of that Intricately con
structed animal.
Just such a man is the storekeeper of
Opal. Always on the alert to make a dollar ,
he Is quite as quick to drive all night with
a doctor from some neighboring city to the
bedside of a suffering ranchman. If he Is
quick to charge a' man who comes to the
store in possession of his full health , he
Is Just as quick to forgot to charge the same
man when he Is sick or In trouble. There
Is an unprlnted city ordinance In Opal to the
effect that "this ts a country where you get
nothln' for nothln'and d d little fer a
nickel , " but In sickness or In real distress
the westerner Is the quickest to see the
wants of his neighbor , ot any man In the
world , and he gives assistance In a roughly
delicate way that dpes not make the receiver
read "charity" In everything ho gives him.
WYOMING WOMCN.
Although woman suffrage Is way above
par in this state , and running in full opera
tion. It will bo a long time before she has
an equal voice with the original voter. Ac
cording to statistics , Wyoming has ten men
to one woman. Under the present statute
the woman Is only allowed one vote at each
election , and from the corrals and the
ranches of the I.aramle plains to the Arapahoe -
hoe steppes of the Shoshone reservation the
females loudly protest against this unfair
reprjsentatlon.
In Wjomlng woman Is all powerful , and It
Is In her minority she derives her great
strength and Influence. She Is universally
respected , thoroughly western , and , if fa
miliar , It is In a way that is understood to
court admiration in this country. Insults are
unknown.
DRAWING THE LONG BOW.
The following incident occurred in a sister
town of about Opal's sUe A ranchman ap
plied for lodging at a section house kept by
a woman. He was accommodateJ , and when
he went to bed he left under his pillow his
money , a considerable sum In the morning
he left his room , forgetting to take his
money with him. Later ho remembered It ,
and , rushing back , found the landlady mak
ing the bed. Ho asked her for his purse.
She said she knew nothing about It. He was
sure she had and finally caught her by the
arm and earnestly demanded his money.
She screamed , and a lot of men hearing her ,
rushed in , and thinking the trtan had Insulted
her , hung him to the nearest telegraph polo
without giving him a chance to explain. It
was afterward found out that the woman
had stolen the money , but beneath that same
telegraph pole lies burled an Innocent man , a
strangely silent monument In honor of a dis
honorable woman.
OPAL STYLES.
Styles In Opal vary llttlo. Overalls , cow-
hlde boots , a Jumper , a flannel shirt , a red
silk handkerchief , a broad-brimmed sombrero
and heavy gloves constitute the regular
dress. The cowboys with their schapps and
fancy toggery belong to another class , but
the abovp description covers twelve out of a
possible thirteen of the citizens of Opal.
Every thing Is made to wear ojid Is worn
until every section of the garment positively
refuses to hang together , when It Is cast
aside by the citizen and made up Into some
thing even more unique for ono of the com
ing generation. As for the clothes the
women wear , they are eo few , not few per
woman , but there is such a marked scarcity
of both women and women's dresses that
It Is like describing the herds of buffaloes
that roam the plains If there ever were any
they are gene.
Nothing can approach the stillness of the
Wyoming1 night. The mountains and hills
that surround the range on every side seem
to guard the placeillkeunlehty monitors at
such a time , and the only noise that breaks
the omnipresent stlllncsp Is the occasional
moving of the stock Jn the neighboring
corrals , or the steady , rjppllng of the little
creek , so faintly heard that the soft murmur
seems like nature's lullaby with which she
overcomes in drowsiness this little world
shut In among the ( great Ulntah mountains.
The smoke which rit > es from the camp fires
of prospecting parties bound for the gold
mines of the north country , which line this
little stream , gradually grows dimmer and
dimmer , until the moort and stars alone are
left to watch the sleeping world below.
Just now Opal Is shaking In the tremor of
unprecedented excitement. The storekeeper
Is digging a well. The labor Is being per
formed by a couple of section hands , but all
Opal gathers around th < ? mouth of the new
enterprise to direct , criticise and superintend
the work. But while the planning , the sug
gestlon of many alterations and the general
discussion Is going on above , the section
hands are steadily working out their own
plan of digging a hole , for they are happily
unconscious of the criticism above. They are
Japs , Every one says the well means a big
boom for Opal.
MINERAL DEPOSITS.
As implied by Its name , Opal Is rich in
minerals and preciouj stones. It Is from
this place that the wonderful specimens sold
at Manltou and other Colorado health re
sorts , as peculiar phenomena and natural
formation of the hot springs , are first
shipped. Although thete curiosities came
from Opal , the town derives no revenue from
their sale. The specitncni are common prop
erty and are to bs had for the picking.
One of the Interesting places always pointed
out In Opal U the saloon. This resort has a
reputation that Is as unique us It is wide
spread. There is DO sign orer the door to
show that liquors are sold Inilde. It doein'l
ncd any. The plice needs no advertisement ,
for there Is always a Urge number who are
glad to ( bow a stranger , or particularly a
Underfoot , the war. Mixed drlnki ttre un
known , but straight whiskies go piling ortr
tha rough tmr seven dsyi n n rk. The
quality of tbe whisky Is juit tha oppoill *
of the roy and reluctant inge bush. It hat
no medicinal properties , but a small amount
will open a thousand bounties I'l pic
turesque scenery In "less than a holy min
ute , " as the storekeeper say * . It was In
Opal that the story of the tenderfoot , the
fthUk-broom and the gins ) of whisky orig
inated. The tenderfoot asked for n drink of
whisky. The bartender inve ; him a glass
and a small whisk-broom. Th * t ndcrf < rjt ,
not understanding the its' * of the l.ut r ,
waited for someone oNo to drink add watch
the proceedings , lie iukc-1 tha bit tender
to "ha\p one , " but ho only ecjnlrd savagely.
Finally the Hlg I'lney stnio ; driver came In.
The bartender treited him In th tame way.
Taking the whisky and whlik-broom to one
corner , he brushed away the dirt , dranlc the
whisky and had a fit. Ho recovered just In
time to tee the tenderfoot running ( jut of
the door , leading his "fit" untouched on tha
bar.
bar.In
In a business way this little toun nar
the Utah line of Wyoming Is an example
of western push and enterprise. Each jear
mora than 10,000 cattle are shipped to Chicago
cage , a ) many sheep and one-quarter of n
million pounds of wool to Philadelphia and
other eastern markets. In return , supplies
for the hundreds of ranchers In the north
country are tout here for distribution , and
about the little station tlure Is always as
busy a crowd of teamster * as there Is at the
Dread street depot , even If the number U
smaller and of somewh.it different kind. Al
together , Opal Is a tjplcal western to n , a
place where the chase after the almighty
dollar supersedes the chase after the soft and
scented anise teed bag as a form of .imuso-
ment , and the possession of gold Is the one
ambition of every man's life.
DARING EXPKE5S HIDER.
AM I'ngllsh I'nrty Aiui/ailntn 1'rontlprn-
intii mi tiio ri.iin * .
In the days when the west was wild and
woolly and a yard wide a party of London-
era bent on the destruction of the buffalo
struck a small station on one of the now
long-forgotten coach lines of the plains.
Not one of the englishmen had over
been In the country before , relates the
Now York World , but each was confident
of his ability to do the region In proper style.
The whole outfit had rounded up at the sta
tion on the discovery of Indian signs , but
after lying o\er for two days the English
men concluded that the three frontiersmen
acting us their gukles had been unneces
sarily frightened. On the third day they
announced that they were going on to the
icxt station. "All right , " said the frontiers-
nen , "we'll go with you , but It will bo a run
and a fight for It. " At dawn the following
lay the party was preparing to mount when
.he agent called out "Here comes the ex
ress' ' " Far to the eastward a horseman was
coming over the crest of a nso In the prairie.
\s he came Into full view the party could see
hat ho was hanging low over the pommel of
his saddle and that he was laphlng the wiry
steed galloping at full tilt under him. Pres
ently over the rise came another horseman.
Then another and another , until a t > corc
i > ere strung out on the trail of the pony ex
press. The agent silently withdrew to the
station and reappeared with a rllle. "In-
d.ans . , " ho remarked.
The Englishmen drew their shooting-Irons
and retreated to the cabin. Uut the agent
and his helpers led a pony out of the stable ,
saddled and bridled the animal and held It
besldo the trail. "Jim may want to go on , "
explained the agent ,
Just before the trail turned Into the station
It ran through a watercourse filled at the
time with suffocating alkali dust. The Eng
lishmen watched the "express rider until he
dashed Into the further opening of the cut ,
and then prepared to fight for their lives.
As the pursued , and pursuers went out of
sight In the duet the men at the station
heard a rifle crack and then horrifying yells ,
the war whoops of the Indians. Presently
out of the dust-clouded watercourse dashed
the express rider , followed cUcly by painted ,
screeching savages. The expressrider's face
was gashed by an arrowhead and In the flank
of his foam-lathered animal a feathered shaft
waved to and fro at every leap. As the In
dians came on , Englishmen , guides and sta
tion men opened fire. With the first volley
three bucks went down , find two of them
never rose again. The third leaped astride ol
a companion's pony , and before the smoke of
the first volley had floated upward In thin
blue wlpps the war party had sought the
shelter of the watercourse. The express
rider came on , and as he was abreast of the
fresh mount held by the station agent , he
leaped from his still running pony , dragging
the saddlebags with him.
"Going to stop over , Jim ? " asked the
agent. "Hell , no , " was the answer , and he
threw himself aetrlde the fresh pony ami
dashed down the trail. Presently he turned
plucked on arrow from his sleeve , and with
a laugh tosaad It away. Then he leaned over
the neck of the pony and lashed its flanks.
The next station was ten miles away , and at
every mile there mupt be an armed bind.
The Englishman stuck to the station for ten
days , when a troop of cavalry came along
At the station down the trail they found the
express rider knocking about the bar with a
strip of plaster across his face. One of the
Englishmen walked up to him , and after
looking Into his face eald : "My friend , you
are a brave man , but you are also a d
fool. "
o
TJIK1IC
Cowper read only his bible and his prayer
book.
Hallam said that Llvy was the model his
torian.
Chopin rarely read anything heavier than
a Trench novel.
Paul Veronese thought there was no equate
to the "Aeneld. "
Auber hated reading , and never read save
under compulsion.
Caesar Dorgla had a library of works relat
Ing mostly to art.
Titian read his prayer book and the Meta
morphoses of Ovid.
Voltaire's favorite classical author was
Juvenal , the satirist.
Hosslnl , for nearly thirty years , read noth
Ing but French novels.
Jean Paul Illchter had only five or six
books , all philosophical.
Lord CIlvo said that "Robinson Crusoe' '
beat any book he ever read.
Franklin read all ha could find iTlating to
political economy and finance.
Michael Angelo was fondest of the books o
Moses and the Paulina of David.
Hogarth was fond of joke books and forces
and enjoyed them Immoderately ,
Cherublnl was a lover of botany and mad
collections of works on the subject ,
Beethoven was not a great reader , but oc
caslonally found pleasure In a novel.
Bach was no great reader , but much en
joyod books of jokes and funny stories.
George III. for many years of his life read
nothing but his bible and prayer book.
Marie , the great tenor , road anything ho
could obtain relating to sports or hunting.
"Papa" Haydn liked stories , and he said
"The more love there Is In them the better.
St. John Chryaostom never tired of read
Ing or of praising tbo works of the Apostl
John.
Da Vlnel read Pindar and thought him th
noblest poet who ever wrote In any language
Swift made a special study of the Latin
satirists and Imitated their style and lau
Heine seldom read anj thing but poetry
but he read that with the most scrupulou
attention ,
round tlin .MKHlncVoril. .
A hotel clerk told this story to the Louis
vlllo Courier-Journal. Three men from th
country came Into the hotel and reglMere
for lodging , and a few minutes later two o
them went out to ceo the town. "I wll
stay here , " said the thlrJ , "and look afte
things , " and he took a teat near the door.
At 10 o'clock , a half hour later , the ma ;
who was left went up to the clerk ,
"I want to remain , " said he.
"All right , lr. " answered the clerk. Th
man .Hood and looked at the clerk anJ flnall ;
went back to his chair near the door.
He vat still another hour and returned t
the desk. "If you please , I'll remain , " he
said.
said."That's
"That's all right , sir , " was the respoaie.
"We hope you'll bo with us some time. "
The man hejltated and went back to bl
chair.
It was away after midnight when Jo went
up to th * > clerk for the thlrJ time. "I think
I'll remain , sir , " he tald.
The guest did not go back to his chair ,
however , but stool still Shortly after
ward anotheguojt came up anl asked the
clerk for his key , "and I'll retire "
"Retire ! Retire ! That's the word I've
been trying to think of for three hours. 1'or
heaven's tiako let me retire , " InterrupteJ the
man who had BO desired to remain , aad he
was ju ( set tappy
THE QUEEN OF EXPOSITION
Chicago Enthroned tLo Ktofr , Pnrls Will
Turnisk the Queen.
GREAT SHOW OF THE DYING CENTURY
Una for the 11)00 ) Cxpniltlon Urn ITU on n
Scale at Gorgeous .Mitciilllcunon
bom * ot the Womlori that
May He Horn There ,
If enterprise and push will Insure the suc
cess of the Paris exposition of 1'JOO then an
unparalleled achievement may b txpecttd
on the threshold ot the twentieth century In
ho gay capital of the worl.1.
The vvollc of preparation for the great un
dertaking , saji the Now York Journal , has
jogun In earnest , and will henceforth bo
'arrled on wit ! . "Igor. The plan of thu
grounds naa already beou submitted to the
exocutlvo committee. It uot only provides
for an arra more than four times as largo
as that of the exposition of 1389 , but alto
calls for work ot considerable magnitude and
: ho greatest pretensions , Intended to outlive
the exposition and forever after beautify the
city.
city.This
This plan will Involve an expenditure of
75.000.000 francs , about $15,000.000 In our
money. One-quarter of this sum will be
used In beautlf > lng the Champs Elvsecs , al
ready ono ot the most beautiful spots In
Paris.
The principal entrance to the exposition
will bo situated near the Seine , at one of
the angles of Iho Place do la Concorde
Within the visitor will find on his right the
Administration building , and next to It the
Building of Education and Instruction. No
structure ot any kind will Impede the view
of the Seine on the left , but a gorgeous
spectacle will greet the c > o In the terraced
gardens , which will bo constructed on a
; irlncely scale on the border of the river.
A new promenade will bo provided between
the Champs Ulysees and the Quay do la Con
ference. On the right , and facing the Hotel
des Invalldcs , will bo erected the Palace of
Flno Arts , and on the left will rise the
palace , of smaller dimensions than those of
the Palace of Flno Arts , of the proposed
Exposition of French Art.
These two buildings , with the monumental
bridge , will bo the only permanent ones of
the exposition. They will bo so arranged as
not to change the character of the great
Parisian avenue , and their distribution will
lend itself to the same artistic purpose for
all time as does that of the actual Palace of
Industry. Porticos , statues , beds of flowers
and the like will help complete the beautiful
picture thus to bo created.
METALLIC LACU WORKS.
The monumental bridge will bs sixty Inches
In width , and * will not Interfere with naviga
tion. A unique arch of beaten steel Is ex
pected to lend unusual grandeur , a part of
which will bo covered by an ornamental
scheme of extremely light porticos , forming
a metallic net of lacework appearance.
The system which has been adopted for
the elevated constructions on the esplanade
will bo different from that employed In 1889.
In that these constructions will be placed In
the center. All this part of the territory
of the exposition will bo reserved for the In
dustrial arts and all that appertains to them
It was proposed to tear down the Palace
of Industry , but the project has startled a
great number of people. Artists , sports
men and agriculturists were especially
alarmed lest they would bo deprived of a
place , as a critic has expressed It for them ,
wherein to exhibit themselves for four
years.
But the committee within whose hands
the work of laying out the general plan
was intrusted , has assured them that they
need not fear. The annual salon of the
Society of French Artists , they say , will
be given a home or habitation In some part
or other of the Champs Elysces and as for
the other societies concerned the committee
says that they will make it their business to
find quarters for them also.
The exposition will co\er both banks of the
Seine up to the. Alma bridge. On the right
will be the buildings of tin city of Paris ,
of horticulture and facial economy , and on
the left the foreign buildings. From the
Alma bridge to the Champs de Mare station
will be erected the palaces for the exposition
of land and naval warfare , m rchant marine ,
forests , hunting , fisheries and crops.
TO BEAUTIFY THE SEINE.
The minister of public works proposes to
put the banks of the Seine In order down
from the Hrldge of the Invalldts. This plan
Includes the erection of projecting buildings
the Isngth of the river between the lines of
great trees and the sheet of water. No two
will be alike In form , and the reflection of
their picturesque facades In the rhcr In the
ilajtlmo and of th-lr 'brilliant ' illumination
at night Is expected to furnish a scene of
fairy grandeur. Superimposed walks will
enable \leltora to enjoy the beautiful sight ,
and thus a superb setting for Venetian fetes
will result.
All the colonial expositions will bo In
stalled In the Trocadero of the Champs de
Mars. The building to be devoted to ogrl
culture , mines and metallurgy , chemistry ,
transportation , electricity , clothing , foods ,
civil engineering and the like will also be
located here.
Two series of palaces , on the same general
principle , each group , nevertheless , having
different characteristics for the sake of va
riety , and arranged according to gradation ,
will be built along Suffren and La Dour
donnals avenues.
They will culminate at an Immense 'vater
castle with cascades , aim also at the Palace
of Industry.
These bulldtngi ! will bo arranged In a
manner to heighten , byon effect of per
spective , the apparent depth of the park ,
which they will envelop and which will rise
by a gradual ascent from the Quay d'Orsay
toward the Ecole Mllltolre.
Over all the circumference of the garden
will be de\ eloped a series of terraces , from
the top of which will be afforded a panorama
rama of the Champs de Mars and the Troca-
dero.
The Electricity building will bo a palace
of resplendent glass and will be so brilliantly
Illuminated at night that It will look like a
gigantic beacon of light.
The Machinery building of 18S9 vlll he
preserved , though its form will be jomewhal
modified , as aUo the use to which It will be
put. In the center will be Installed a great
meeting hall , of which the palare ( if elec
tricity will constitute the brilliant Vistibulo
and the two Mings of which will ncreen the
group of agriculture.
EIFFEL TOWER TO STAY.
The famous Eiffel tower will ulso bo re
tained , but beyond this the commit.a has
not yet arrived at any decision. It will un
doubtedly bo added to In many particulars
with the view of making it a Htlll greater
wonder than it already is.
The committee that drew up the plan has
given asurances that the means of com
munication between the north and south ol
Paris by the A\enue d'Autln , the Ilridge oi
the Invalldes and the Latour-Maubourt ,
boule\ard , as also by the Alrna bridge am
the avenues that converge there en botl
sides of the Seine , will be maintained with
out any obstacle. Care will also . o taken
to preserve the approaches to property ci
the Cours-do-la-Ilelne from ( he Quay du
Hilly to the Quay d'Orsay. A , jittagti for
pedestrians will probably be oitabllnhuJ. en
the Esplanade of the Invalids , bat some
changes In tramway routes , tipcially from
the Louvre to Saint Cloud sit'l to Sevres
will bo necessary.
Traffic within the. exposition roucls w | |
be amply cared for by an ekc'ric
and numerous other means by u > il"i torn
fort and rapidity will be ensured The
facilities in thlir respect propsiid aie for
an attendanca that oven the mou t jii | n n
of the projoclora does tlot really expect.
In all , the plan preaupposes an mmenilty
and grandeur that will make the exposition
far superior to any that has -Vir Ix-en 1'tli
anywhere. The underlying purpose h ? been
and la , to overtop the Chicago World's fal
Children Cry for
Pitcher's Castoria.
Children Cry fo
Pitcher's Castoria.
Children Cry fos
Etcher's
Castoria.
ren moro ( hot that great achievement th
reatest up to Its tlme--ovcrloppiil the Perls
xpoiltlon of ISO.
PT FOR A LIMITED TIME TP
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rc , * ! wj nlUlit. LAoii ft
Ur jl'l lor ( AtrltMirt Jjolltt litj
mmtlCrfn.l la II | | u4 Uvii UlUllilV
-.su. trtlti irlik U rM u ,
la tltist-l for LtMlculiri ,
"ll.lUf for I uAUt , " inlaur. l.j return
Mall. ll'OOOTr li i > UU
rhlltdm. , t'c.
