lUtlK " - - - < * -wi > * TW"'iwiit ' ' TOr m
THE OMAHA SUKDAY , APIim Id , 1895.
PUSHING INTO THE COUNTRY
Tnlloy Lines Beaching for Urban Buslnca
in the East ,
CHALLENGING STEAM TO A CONTEST
Klectrlo Hand ConnectlnR t.urifn nnd Snmll
fltlt-i nnd ( loblilliiR th Tmnic of
Htrnm Hii.-idn-Tho llnttlo
, Itojnl.
Measured by the experience of similar en
terprises In the cast , thcro Is very llttlo
reason to doubt the success of the projected
trolley line from Omaha to Fremont. Al
lowance must be made , however , for the
difference In volume of traffic. Tha urban
population adjacent to the cities of New
VorU , Boston and Philadelphia affords prompt
returns on the Investment , but this Is off
set , to n limited extent , In this section , by
reduced flnt cost.
The extension of trolley lines from large
cities la ono of the serious problems con
fronting managers of steam roads. Those
already In operation have cut Into the rev
enue from local traffic , which forms one of
the chief sources of Income of railroads , and
by which they linvo hitherto enjoyed a mo
nopoly. In Philadelphia the trolley lines
have absorbed much of the suburban traffic
of the Reading and Pennsylvania systems ,
and both companies arc preparing to slash
rates and compete energetically with the new
rivals.
Companies have been organized to connect
New York and Philadelphia and New York
and lloston with trolley lines , practically
paralleling existing steam roads. The latter
cnlcrpiise has become so dangerous that the
New York , Now Haven & lloston road an
nounces Its Intention of controlling the rival
line by purchase.
WHAT C1TIKS LEAD IN TUB TROLLEY.
It U hard to say In which of the great
cities the trolley has been most notably de
veloped. Haltlmore Is at the front with the
press and twelve freight.
No doubt there will ba a itltl further In
crease ns noon a * the proper changes In stale
laws can be made , for In come states , nota
bly Pennsylvania , Hhode Island and Massa
chusetts all states In which trolley develop
ment has been extensive electric freight
and express service has hitherto been pro
hibited.
PROGRESSIVE REVOLUTION.
No such enormous development as that
achieved In electric traction could pojslbly
take place without working a revolution In
more than ono contributory Industry. In
till * case there hns been a great Increase In
the building of very large and strong station
ary steam engines , running much mere
rapidly than any others nt all similar In size
anil weight , excepting those of ocean steam
ship. ( Ireat Impetus , too , has been given to
the manufacture of wire. It Is estimated that
three miles of copper filaments are
needed for every mile of track , and the wire
In actual present use would more than reach
entirely around the world. Add to this what
has been discarded as worn out , nnd the
necessary surplus , and It Is likely that the
trolleys have already used up quite 75.000
miles. Fcr heavier rails , too , there 'nas been
a great demand , as It was early discovered
that the old type ued by the horse railroads
would not do all nt under the new order.
The wheels of horse cars merely roll over
the rails , thus wearing tlitm but slightly ;
but the wheels of the trolley cars bite the
metal at every turn , and the light , old-fash
ioned rails were soon worn out , For this
reason ralH weighing ninety pounds to the
yard have had to bs substituted for the
thirty-five pound rails that were amply ade
quate under the old system. It was feared
for a time that the additional expense thus
rendered necessary would bs so great as In
Eomo cases to compel a change back from
trolley to horse power.
Of course there have boon enormous de
mands for dynamos , switch-boards , cars , rail
road tics and sleepers and wooden and Iron
poles , and equally , of course , the brains of
hundreds , perhaps thousands of Inventors ,
have been set to studying how to Improve
the various apparatus so as to make It possi
ble to operate the roadsi more cheaply and
satisfactorily.
RCLATIVn COST.
Statistics of tha cost of operating electric
roads nro furnished by the railroad commis
sioners In Massachusetts In recent annual
reports. In their report a year ago the com
missioners said : "A well located and well
managed electric railway , It may be fairly
& 2 $ gZiite&ai Mh ' 'M'lmsw '
TROLLEY FREIGHT CAR.
first underground electric railway In America ;
the Brooklyn surface system Is a marvel of
Intricacy and extensive mlleagf. the system
that Interpenetrates and cornice's St. Paul and
Minneapolis Is n model of rapid transit and
systematic operation ; the llnfs in St. Louis
arc a ccnstant Joy to the- people there , who
erstwhile were mainly dependent upon the
mule for street car motive power ; the Phila
delphia system covers many miles , and repre
sents millions of capital ; and systems quite
as perfect , though less extensive , are to be
found In scores of smaller cities east ami
west , north and south.
New York nnd Chicago are far bshlnd most
other cities ns regards the trolley , New York
being by all odds the most backward of nil.
Probably the most extensive single mburban
nd Intra-munlclpal system Is that of the
Now Jersey Traction company , which connects
Jersey City ( New York ) , Hoboken , Newark ,
the Oranges and other cities nnd towns In the
( late whoso population Is chiefly sulnirhtin.
Before this year Is completed , unless disaster
overtake It , this gigantic corporation will
greatly Increase Its mileage , and compete still
more hotly than now with tha steam road for
the enormously profitable passenger traffic of
the region It has pre-empted.
Wherever the trolley tracks parallel those
of the old steam lines. It has been noticed
that the trains run lighter than ever before ,
while the trolley cnrs , with their more fre
quent schedules nnd cheaper fares , arc
crowded.
THE DATTLE ROYAL.
Now the trolley men arc getting ready to put
up a big fight with steam for long-distance
transportation. It will bo but a short time
before the electric webs will begin to come
together. That centering at IJoston will
touch the ono spreading from Providence ; It
will communicate with the Connecticut webs ,
and they will reach along the coast of the
sound till their lines are continuous with
those of Westchester county , New York.
When between New York and llohton there
will be unbroken electric communication.
Thui the llrst battle between the power of
the locomotive nnd the power of the dynamo
I * likely to take place along the line of the
Consolidated railroad , connecting Boston and
New York.
Already the steam railroad people under
stand this , and are preparing to themselves
supplant steam with electricity. The Con
solidated Is not the only trunk line that Is
Kt'ttlng ready to take this step , either , for
It Is understood that the Pennsylvania's
management proposes soon to operate Its
branches by wire. The Consolidated road ,
however , has gone- farther than any other
steam line , since It has engaged a compe
tent electrician at a high salary , has built
two extra tracks from New Haven to New
York for the special purpose of Introducing
electric traction , and has had many of Its
new cars built light , so as to be better
adapted to the new traction method.
Trolley men generally understand that
many problems have yet to be solved before
long-distance electric traction will be a suc-
cosi , not the least of which Is the leakage
due to the fact that trolley wires have to ho
left bare. This will render It Imperative that
power houses be built at short Intervals along
luch trunk lines as use electricity , nnd some
exports say the expense of constructing and
maintaining an adequate chain of power
houses and the necessary wire between New
York and Philadelphia , for Instance , will be
greater than the cost of operating the same
trotch of road by means of locomotives.
.MAIL , EXPRESS AND FREIGHT UY
TROLLEY.
While the steam lines are getting ready
to fight the trolleys with their own weapons ,
the latter have already Invaded the field cl
said , stands a similar chance of financial
success with a well located and well managed
railroad ( steam ) or horse railway. Upon the
present showing and outlook It stands no
better chance. " In their 1895 report the
railroad commissioners show that the average
percentage of operating expenses to gross
earnings on Massachusetts street railways
Is Gfl.5 percent. In six Instances expenses
were considerably In excess of 100 p r cent
of gross earnings ; the ratio on three other
roads was 90 per cent and more. In addition
to the above , three other roads show expenses
of bHween 80 and 00 per cent ; the number
operating between 70 and 80 per cent was
twelve. Wo see , therefore , that twenty-four
out of the forty-five operating street rail
ways of Massachusetts were last year oper
ated at a cost of 70 per cent or
more of gross earnings. Of the
remainder , twelve were operated at
CO to 70 per cent , and five at 5G to 59 per
cent. Ono road reported operating expenses
of only SI per cent , nnd to this fact Is due
the average expense for all the roads of G9.5
per cont. This low figure , It may be added ,
Is duo to the fact that the road In question
was opened only a year ago. and has been
obliged to spend practically no money as yet
on repairs , nor to charge anything to de
preciation. Furthermore , It obtains abnor
mally high rates , n fare of 25 cents being
charged for a trip of thirteen and a hall
miles. Had the report of this road been
omitted by the railroad commissioners when
they made up their average figures for the
year , the operating cost of all the other roads
nf the state would have been found to be
77 per cent of the gross earnings.
An Interesting comparison might bo Insti
tuted between the electric roads and the
steam roads , in the matter of operating ex
penses. The five operating steam railroad
companies In Massachusetts reported last
year percentages of operating expenses aver
aging CS.37 per cent , as against G9.5 per cent
reported by the electric companies ; and the
highest ratio , that of the New York & New
England , was 70 per cent. Thoao figures , of
course , Include the cost of transporting
freight ns well ns passengers. Unfortunately
the commissioners furnish no data by 1110,1113
of which the earnings and cost per passen
ger per mile of steam and electric roads can
bo compared.
ELECTRICAL POSSIDILITIES.
After describing nnd Illustrating In his
article on Nikola Tesla's work. In the Aprl
Century , the process nnd apparatus employed
for manipulating the electrical charge of the
earth Itself , Mr. T. C. Martin makes this
comment on the unique phenomenon prc-
eented : Considering that In the adjus me .ts
necessary , n small length of wire or a smul
body of any kind added to the cell or brought
Into Its vicinity may destroy entirely al
effect , ono can Imagine the pleasure whlcl
the Investigator feels when thus rewarded
by unique phenomena. Aflor toarchlng with
patient toll for two or three years after a
result calculated In advance , Mr. Tesla Is
compensated by being able to witness a most
magnificent display of fiery streams and light ,
nlng discharges breaking out from the tip
of the wire with the roar of a gas well
Aside from their deep scientific Import am
their wondrous fascination ns a spsctacle
such effects point to many new realizations
making for the higher welfare of the htimai
race. The transmission of power and In
telllgenco Is but ono thing ; the modification
cf climatic conditions may be another. Per
I chance wo. sh-all "call up" Mars In this way
some day , the electrical charge of boll
planets being utilized In signals.
It must not be supposed that the now clcc
trlclty represented by Nikola Tesla Is Icono
clastic. In the minds of a great many people
of culture the Idea prevails that Invention Is
as largely a process of pulling down as c
building up ; and electricity. In snroadlm.
A TKOI.LBY LOCOMOTIVE ,
Ihe former In other wsjn than by compet
ing ( or passenger trailc ! In suburban , regions
Ind between towns. Late last autumn sixty-
two lines In the United State * and Canada
wer carrying the mall , llfty-tMght on gov-
irnraent contract ; thirty-flie lines had Inau-
curtted express service. ud fifty-live wore
touting freight , Six llnci hauled xteam road
freight core over rlectrlo ralU , thlrty-saven
bad special freight rar stTVlco of their cwn ,
nine liad upeclal express cars , five li.td spe
cial mill cars , nnd eight had combination
wall nnd express cars , These figures , Ihe
bteat arftlUMo , should all bo Increased to
be accurate now , ( or at the time they \UTP
made ten mora lines contemplated carryini ;
the malls , seven were preparing to carry ex-
| trom ono branch of Industry to another , en
counters the prejudice that alwayi rebuff
the Innovator. The assumption Is faUo. I
may be true tliot In the gladiatorial aren ;
where the principles of science contend , cm
parly or the other always succumbs am
drugs out Its ( loud ; but In the arts long cur
vlvnl Ii the law for all the appllinces tha
have been found of any notable utility. I
ulniply becomes a question of the contractlni
jphcre within which the old apparatus Ii
hedged by the advent of the new ; and tha
relation once established by processes com
plex nnd long continued , capable even o
mnnicmatlcal determination , the two go ut
toe. ( her , complimentary In their adjustmen
to specific human needs. In Its latest out
growths , electrical application exemplifies
his. After many years' u o or dynamo-elec-
rlo machinery ( firing what Is known as a
'continuous current , " the art has reached
he conclusion that only with the "alternating
urrent" can It fulfill the later duties laid
ipon It nnd accomplish the earlier tasks
hat remain untouched , With Uic continuous
current we have learned the rudiments of
IghtltiK and power distribution. With the
alternating current , manipulated nnd
coaxed to yield Its highest efficiency ,
wo may solve the problems of
lerlal and marine navigation by elcc-
rlclty , operate large railway systems , trans-
nit the energy of Niagara hundreds of miles ,
and , In Mr. Testa's own phrase , "hook our
machinery directly to that of nature. "
JlOUltH . 1'KltlODlU.tl.S. .
The publishers of Chips take umbrage at
our remark made In n previous number to
he effect It contains "selected extracts from
ho best current literary productions , " for
vhlch wo owe an npology. Chips contains
rlglnal matter cnly , and Its April number ts
irlght , orlop and full of sparkling gems. The
'hips Publishing company , 101S Downing
building , New York.
The Importance of perfect polss is explalnej
n the Law , Order and Art In Dress depart-
nont of the April Jenness Miller Monthly.
An admirable paper by Miss Alnsley Crawley
ells "How tn Knjoy Painting and Sculpture ; "
Miss Jane Pratt has some good words to say
on "Overworked Dables , " and Mr. Amos II.
Wells contributes an amusing essay entitled
'A Psycologlcal View of Pockets , " In which
10 demonstrates the enormous advantages
neil gain from the single source of having an
abundance of pockets at their service. Solid
sense , as usual , Is the characteristic feature
of this popular Journal. Jenness Miller
Monthly , 114 Fifth avenue , New York.
'Our 'Civic Renaissance' " Is the tltlo un
der which Albert Shaw In the April number
of the He view of He views outlines the work
of various civic federations In the leading
American cities. An Interesting paper , ' The
foundations of Dellef. . " Is contributed by W.
T. Stead. The Greek of today Is portrayed
> y J. Irving Manatt In a paper bearing the
title "Tlio Living Oieek : A Glance at Ills
Politics and Progress. " In the department
'Leading Articles of 'the Month" a large
variety of topics of the day are ably dis
cussed , among them "The Pacific Hallway
Debt , " "Has tht > Missing Link Ileen Found ? "
'The Single Tax , " "Tho Church and the
I'ubllc Schools. " "T1io Hugest Cataclysm
Since the Deluge. " The Itevlew of Reviews
Co. , 13 Astor Place , New York.
Not since the flood , so graphically described
n the old testament , has * uch a catastrophe
as Mr. Jean T. van Gestel relates , been told
jy an eyewitness. The eruption of Krakatoa
swept out of existence nearly 120,000 persons.
Of this terrific cataclysm Mr. van Gestal , the
only living eyewitness , tells the story In the
April Cosmopolitan. La'ly Colin Campbell's
nterestlng article , "nngllsh Country-House
Parties , " Is the first presentation In nn
\merlran periodical of nn Interesting plmso
of Kngllsh life. No one could write with better
diowledgo of the subject , or a brighter pen ,
: han Lady Campbell. The last six pages of
the present number exhibits a new feature
which appeals to lovers of art. These six
full-pjge copies of six famous pnlntlngs of
recent work rellect what Is being done In the
world of art. The famous Spanish artist ,
2ibrinetyt Is again seen to advantage through
Ills beautiful drawings as shown In Gertrude
Hall's clever ftory , "The Late Heturnlng. "
The Cosmopolitan U giving Its readers n
thorough discussion of the Chlm-Japan war.
General Ird > Wolesley presented the first
paper , and Is followed In this number by
Hon. George Frederick Seward. for many
years plenipotentiary at Peking. The Cosmo
politan Magazine. New York.
The leading place In the April number of
The Monthly Illustrator Is given to an artl
clc of Prof. HJalmar HJorth IloyeScn. who
considers the aspects of "Hoyhood and Girl
hood. " comparing and contrasting the re
semblances and diversities of character which
gradually separate them as year after year
leads them farther apart. The Illustrations
are from the telling pictures of G. A. Held ,
until lately one of the most prominent acad
emicians of Canada , hut now a resident of
the United States , and excelling In composi
tions nf a domestic sort , llealdes the pictures
of child-life by Mr. Held , the number exhibits
the work of several American painters and
Illustrators accompanying essays and stories
In great variety. Among these representa
tive artltts are Charles S , Helnhart , whose
pictures accompany a valuable study , by
Edward King , upon "Art's Collaboration with
Literature , " In which he declares that "It Is
to art's precious and unacknowledged col
laboration that we owe some of the finest
triumphs of literature. " The artists have
taught the writers to bo accurate and careful ,
and , what Is more , have added largely to the
field of literary activity and Inspiration. "A
princeof illustrators , " remarks Mr. King ,
"who. like Mr. Helnhart , scatters abroad
with lavish hand the wclath of sketches made
In a dozen lands. Is doing for the novelist ,
the poet , the essayist , a service tha value
of which cannot be estimated In money.
Harry C. Jones , 92-98 Fifth Avenue , New
York.
The April Midland Monthly is a fine num
ber artistically. It Is also full of goad read-
Ing. A young lady's "Outing In South
Africa. " and a Chicago Journalist's "Trip to
the Black Hills. " are Its chief illustrate ! ar
ticles. "Literary Dubuque" will Interest
many. This number Is strong tn Its fiction.
Including two charming Raster stories and
the opening chapters of the first of the two-
numbered stories , "In the Valley of the
Pecos , " a prize story of rare power. The
poetry , social nnd economic study , the home
themes , the Midland war sketch , and other
features , give something of Interest for every
body. "The Stamp Dlznoss" ts a laughable
burlesque on the postage stamp craze of the
period.
MAGAZINRS UKCEIVI3D.
HOOK NEWS. John Wannamaker , Phila
delphia.
THK STATE'S DUTY. W. H. Moore , 106
and 10S Pine Street. St. Louis. Mo.
THE KINDEHGAHTEN NEWS. Milton
Hradley Company , Springfield , Mass.
THE CHICAGO 400. Holland H. Pcrslnger ,
212-211 Monroe Street , Chicago.
WOMANKIND. The Hosterman Publishing
Company. Springfield. 0.
THE CHAUTAUQUAN. The Chautauquan ,
Meadvllle. Pa.
DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE. Donahoe's Maga
zine Company , Hnston. Mass.
PAVING AND MUNICIPAL ENGINEER
ING. Municipal Engineering Company , In-
dlanapolii.
THE NEI1HASKA WHEELMAN. Howe &
Milmlne , Lincoln , Neb ,
In order to give employn-cnt to the hun
dreds of Idle men now In San Francisco , the
merchants of that city are pushing forward
a movement to pave all the streets.
Manufacturing Is rapidly growing In Salt
Lake. There are now In that city , according
to the- statistics furnished by the Tribune , 303
establishments devoted to the manufacture ol
standard articles. Three factories afford em
ployment to 2.530 persons , pay out annually
$1.230,003 In wages , produce goods and warea
to the value of J3.3S9.072. and represent
$3.321,732 of Invested capital.
Glass Is a material whose astonishing pos
sibilities we nro only beginning to under
stand. Incredible progress has been made
In Its manufacture the last ten or twelve
years. We , who saw the glass gown spun
( or the Princess Eulnlla at the Chicago ex
position , will forgot the wonder with which
that dainty creation Impressed us should we
bo lucky enough to BOO the exposition In
Paris In 1900 , when M. Henrlvaux , an en
thusiastic French maiufacturer. promise !
to show us a house entirely made of glass
and with furniture and even tapestries made
of the same material.
Ex-United States Senator Walsh of Geor
gia , In an article In the Independent , says
that It the south would raise Its own bread
and meat during the next five years and nol
mora than 6,000.000 bales of cotton It would
become- absolutely prosperous and financial ! )
Independent. Last year the south produced
over 9.000.000 bales of cotton , when there has
never been n pressing need for more thar
7.500.000 from the United States. This Bur
plus has caused the fall In prices , as a sur
plus of other articles always does.
The lockout In the English boot and shot
factories affects over 200,000 operatives , am
as many more , It Is said , will also quit work
The dispute grew out of the unwillingness o
the employer * to arbitrate- difference aboul
the wages for machine work , their oxplnna
tlon being that tha workmen had refused t'
abldu by former arbitrations. Amerlcnr
manufacturers , having free hide * , Improvet
iraehlnery and better tkllled labor , have bcei
enabled to Invade the English market , anc
the consequence * have proved dlrastrous t <
British manufacturers-
THE ELtoRICAL MAGICIAN
'nvontor Tcsla'a .Wonderful Work Described
" By an Expert ,
WHAT THE'R&ENT ' FIRE SWEPT AWAY
The Cnmhlnntlon Hirnm I'njzlno nnd
" mine nml'ltii I'rnctlcnl Operation
'
The .Hew Method of Creat
ing Light.
.1
The current number of the Century Magn-
zlno contains nn article on "The Latest Elec-
rlcal Inventions and Discoveries of Nikola
Tcslarlttcn by Thomas 0. Martin , cd-
tor of tlie Electrical Engineer. The artlle
Rives a summary of the progress made In
electricity during the last flfty years , ns
well ns n forecast of the work of the next
Hty years , and. owing to thu destruction of
Mr. Tesla's laboratory , with all contents ,
a few weeks ago , Its text and Illustrations
are now the only record of some of the In
ventor's most. Important discoveries. One of
the most wonderful of Tesla's Inventions Is
he oscillator , which combines the steam en-
; lne and dynamo. In speaking or It Mr
Martin snys :
"In his oscillator Mr. Tesla has not simply
a new practical device , but a new Implement
of scientific research. With it , If he hns nets
\s yet actually determined the earth's eUe-
trlcal charga or 'capacity , ' he has obtained
striking effects , which conclusively demon
strate that he has succeeded In
I'.sturblng ' It. He connects to thn earth ,
; > > one of Its ends , a cell In which rapidly
vibrating currents are produced , U' ' ? other
end being free In space. With this cell he
does actually what one would bo doing
with a pump forcing air Into an elastic foot
ball. At each alternate stroke the ball wouM
ox i ) niul and contract. Hut It Is evldc.it that
such a ball , If flllr-d with air , Mould , when
suddenly expanded or contracted , vibrate at
Its own rate. Now If the strokes of the
pump bo so timed that they nre In harmony
with the Individual vibrations of the ball ,
an Intense vibration or surging will be ob
tained. The purple streamers of electricity
thus elicited from the earth and pouring
out to the ambient air are marvelous.
MAGICAL HALOS.
"The currents which are made to pass In
and out of the earth by means of thl < coil
can also be directed upon the human body.
An observer mounted on a chair nnd touch
Ing the cell with a metal rod can , by care
ful adjustments , divert enough of It upon
himself to ciuse Its manifestation from nud
around him In splinters of light. This halo
effect , cbtalnsd by sending ( he electricity of
the earth through a htiTan using the high
est charge positively ever given In safety
Is , to say the least , curious anil deeply sug
gestive. Mr. TeslH'a temerity In trying the
effect first uflon his own person can b3 justi
fied only by his close anil accurate calcula
tion of what the amount of the discharge
from the earth would be. "
As to the econpmlc value of the oscillator
the article eaysi'
"A moment's thought will show that one
naln object must bs the elimination of crtaln
steps In the ( raiisfer of the energy ; and ob
viously. If englneji and dynamo both have
large losses , it will bp a gain to merge the
two pieces or apparatus. The old-fashioned
electric light station or street railway power
house Is a giddy maze of bolls nnd shafting :
In the latter plants engine , and dynamo are
coupled directly together on one base. This
Is a notable stride , but it still Uaves us with
a dynamo In which some part of the wire
wound on It is not- utilized at every Instant ,
and with an engine of complicated mechan
ism. The steam cylinder , with Its piston. Is
the only thing actually doing work , and nil
the rest of , the imposing collection of fly
wheel , governor balls , eccentrics , valves and
what not , Is fo < - the purpose of control and
regulation.
"In his oscllla or Mr. Tesla , to begin with ,
has stripped the engine of all thli governing
mechanism. Dy giving also to the cells In ,
which the currei ; Is created , as they cut the
lines of force of the magnets , a. to-and-fro or
reciprocating mo Ion , so that the Influence on
them Is equal In every direction , he has over
come the loss of the Idle part of the wire ex
perienced In rol itlng armatures ; and , more
over , greatest tchleveini'nt of all , he has
made the cumnts regulate the mechanical
motions. No matter how close the governing
of the engine that drives the ordinary dynamo
with , revolving armature , there Is some Irreg
ularity In the generation of current. In the
Tesla oscillator. If Its Inventor and the evi
dence of one's eyes may be believed , the vibra
tions of the current are absolutely steady and
uniform , so that one could keep the ttmo o'
day with the machine about as well as with
a clock.
"Hack of the tendencies to Irregularity In
the old-fashioned electrical apparatus were
the equal or greater tendencies In the steam
engine ; and over and above all were the
losses duo to the Incfllcient conversion In
both of the power released from the fuel
under the boiler generating the steam. Gain
In one direction with a radical Innovation
usually means gain In many others , through
a growing series. I confess I do not know
which of the advantages of the oscillator to
place first , and I doubt whether Its inventor
has yet been able to sit down and sum up
all the realities and possibilities to which It
Is a key. Ono thing he does ; he presses for
ward. "
PHOSPHORESCENT PHOTOGRAPHY
Relativeto Tesla's experiments In pho
tography by phosphorescence , Mr. Martin
writes :
"In the field of lighting by phosphorescence
we reach hitherto untrodden ground. Phos
phorescent light has been associated with the
Idea of 'cold light , ' or the property of becom
Ing luminous with the omission of the Inter
mediate step of combustion as commonly un
derstood. Aa u physical action wo know It
In the light of the firefly , which Prof. S. P.
Langley rates at an efficiency of 100 per cent ,
nil Its radiations lying within the limits of
the visible spectrum. Ily means of the Tcs-
lalc currents phosphorescent light strong
enough even to photograph by has been
obtained ; nnd the picture , representing
the Inventor himself , Is the llrst portrait or
pl'Otograph of any kind ever taken by phos
phorescent light. A bulb whose light-giving
member Is coated with sulphldn cf zinc
treated In a special way was rendered phos
phorescent by means of a current obtained
from n high-frequency transformer coll. The
current used was alternated cr oscillated
about 10,000 times per second. The exposure
was about eight minutes.
"In order to test more closely the-actlnlc
\alue of phosphorescent light , some bulbs ,
subject to high frequency currents , were
photographed , or. If wo may coin a new
word , 'phosphcgrEphed. ' with a somewhat
lorger exposure. Otic bright pair illustrated
utilize sulphide of'zinc In some form for
luminosity. The 'third bulb , seen faintly to
the left of thorn. hall a coating of sulphide of
calcium. Although , ' judged by the eye. It
glowed with a lirlrthtncss fully equal to tint
of the other two. tile actinic value was evi
dently much less. It Is , perhaps , needless to
say that thesP-'dPirionstratlons ' Invlto to nn
endless variety of experiments , In which
Investors will 'find ft host of novel phenom
ena awaltlne then ! a"s to phosphorescence and
fluorescence pi-educed with electrical cur
rents. "
Mr. Martin lmi describes the new method
of creating lIRht which Tcsla discovered :
"Between u and' the sun stretches the
tenuous , sensitive V > ther , and every snsatlcn
of light thatMhe'eyo ' experiences 1s caused
by the effectlot > f 'live hundred trillions of
waves every Veconfl'Impressed on the ether
by the moleclrtkrtttfrgy of the sun travelIng -
Ing along ltlHliy < mnlcally. If the waves
have a lower frequency than this 500,000-
000,000.000. they will chiefly engender heat.
In our artificial methods of getting light
we Imitative- ! agitate the ether so poorly
that the waves our bonfires set up rarely get
above the rate at which they become sensi
ble to us In heat , and only a few waves at
tain the right pitch or rapidity to cause
the sensation of light. At the upper end of
the keyboard of vibration of the ether Is a
high , shrill , and yet Inaudible note light
which we want to strlk * and to keep on
striking ; but e fumble nt the lower , ban
end of the Instrument all the time , and
never touch that topmoit ncte without wast
ing the largest p rt of cur energy on the
Intermediate onei , which we do not at all
wish to touch. Light ( the high note ) with ,
out heat ( the loiter , nofi ) Is the deslder-
i iituin. .
1 "Now , Mr. Teslft takes h s currents of high
frequency and high potential , subjects the
incandescent lamp to them , anil , sklppln *
1
. . EASTER OFFERINGS are many , but we name only a few 9
which hold good the year round. HONEST VALUES , LOW f
PRICES , CORRECT STYLES , IMMENSE SELECTIONS.
WEEKLY PAYMENTS. Whatmorecan we dotomakeyou happy ?
. v
f Our price on this Couch is $10.00 , worth $17,00. f
We have twenty-eight styles to select from , with prices 9
from $8.00 to $30.00 , We can certainly please you , for f
you see 9 4
Our Stock is Entirely New ,
PERHAPS you would like u Parlor Suit or ti few odd pieces to
brighten up your house this spring. Let us show you the new
things we bought for you.
Our Extremely Modest Prices
will tempt you and our KASY PAYMENTS will induce you.
I
Pretty Uttlc Divans , diinty Reception Chairs , Beautiful
Cabinets , Parlor Tables and Rockers. We arc just aching for
a chance to show them to you.
CARPETS MATTINGSRUGS. .
We are headquarters for C.irpetlngs , an.l will washer tlr.it we have the finest , newest and best
Carpet Department west of Chieago. Nice , bright , tasty designs direct from the best mills in the
countryIf you want to be in the swim ( as they say ) with a new Hour covering , look ns over. It will
prove a good investment.
AVK ARK
Furniture ,
Carpets ,
6 6 Cutlery , Stoves.
Sole agents for the
6 Jewel Gasoline Stove ,
6
Gash or Weekly Payments , 6
6 Send for Send for the
6 our new Jewel
6 Haby Gasoline
Carriage Stove
6 Catalogue. Catalogue
O
A LARGE DKNTAL PRACTICE BUILT UP N SWIN YEARS
By doinc good work at reasonable prices. Dr. R. W
Bailey , 812 Ptixton blcck , locatoil la Oimha s-ovc-n yenra
n o , nnd today hns ilio hvrjjost prnotlco in the city. This
Jnis bcon nccotnpliahoh by doing honest work nt low nricus
which are uniform nnd thn same to all , the wuno price'
boinjj charged in the ollloo as is itdvortiseo In the news"
papora. A dental practice conducted on business prln ;
eiplcs. Durable work Htunds the test of time.
PRICES-DENTAL WORK :
Alloy anil silver nillnp ; t j oo
Pure gold nlllnR 2oO !
Gold Crowns. 22k c 00
'
lirlilRo Tcctli , per tootli c'oo
SM Tooth n.OO
Ilcst Tcctli 7 ro
Thin Plate , best teeth lo'.OO
Painless Extraction cj
GAS KCPT CONSTANTLY ON HAND.
OFFICE :
THIRD FLOOR.
1'AXTON BLOCK
Telephone , 1085. Lady Attendant. SIXTHUNTH AND
German Spoken , FARNAM STS.
some of those Intermediate wasteful heat
stages of lower-wave vibration experienced
In the old methods , Rets the ether-charged
molecules more quickly into the Intensely
agltateU condition necessary to yield light.
Using his currents , produced electro-mag-
netlcally , to load each fugitive molecule
with Its charge , which It receives nnd ex
ercises electrostlcally , ho gets the ether
medium Into a. state of cxcltemcn' In which
It seems capable of almost anything. "
SUMMING UP THE EFFECTS.
In summing up the effects upon science
and commerce of Tesla's work , the article
says :
"It must not bo supposed that the new
electricity represented by Nikola Tesla Is
iconoclastic. In the minds o ! n great many
people of culture the Idea prevails that In
vention Is as largely a process of pulling
down as of building up ; and electricity. In
spreading from ono branch of Industry to
another , encounters the prejudice that al
ways rebuffs the Innovator. The assump'lun
is fa's > . It may ba true tint In the g'adlator-
Inl arena , where the principles of sclenco
contend , ono party or the other always suc
cumbs mid drags out Its dead ; but In the arts
long survival Is the law for all the nppllnncer
that have been found of any notable utility.
It simply becomes a question of the contractIng -
Ing ipherc within which the old apparatus
Is hedged by the advent of the new ; end
that relation once established by processes
complex and long continued , capable even of
mathematical determination , the two go on
together , complimentary In their adjustment
to specific human needs. In Its latest out
growths electrical appllanc1 exemplifies this.
After many years' use of dynamo-electric
machinery giving what Is Itnown as n "con
tinuous current. " the art has reached the
conclusion that only with the alternating
current can It fulfill the later duties laid
upon it. and accomplish the earlier tasks that
remain untouched. With the continuous cur
rent wo have learned thn rudiments of light
ing and power distribution. With the alter
nating current , manipulated and coaxed to
yield Its highest efficiency , we may solve the
problems of aerial and marine navigation by
electricity , operate large railway systems ,
transmit the energy of Niagara hundreds of
miles , and. In Mr. Tesla's own phrase , 'hook
our machinery directly to that of nature. ' "
L.I no it AOTIM.
John Hums has been re-elected.
San Francisco has 15.000 unfrnployeJ.
A national trunkmakers' union Is to bt >
formed.
Chicago has an exclusive bicycle wet kerf'
union.
Nashville printers have started an after
noon dally.
Cincinnati will have a big May day cele
bration.
Massachusetts Is liable to have a legal
eight-hour day.
Commonweal Coxey Is speaking In Ohio to
large audiences.
Sllverltes are trying to get control of a
New York dally paper.
Unions of Lafayette , Ind. , ettabllihed a
labor club and reading room.
The Iron and steel workers have refused
* * < KHH 4HHHHHHH CH fi *
i i
"VfOW that we are ; ;
launched in the I !
furniture business and ; r
have a new stock to ' - > '
i i
show , we want you to I !
come and criticize us. f
we k n o w we can't 'ff '
< i >
make a success of the $
furniture business without - $
out you , so we shall be IE
under many obligations
if you will come and
tell us how you like our
new stock. We want
to please you and are coming at it through your pocket-
book.
Good furniture has never been sold as low in Omaha
as it is now marked. You will find a little money has a
wonderous power in furniture buying.
A Special Sale of short pieces and remnants of
Brussels Carpets in the basement.
ORCHARD MJIRLM CARPET CO ,
OMAHA.
H4 * < HHHW44 *
to accept a reduction of wages , and a lock
out may follow.
The Colorado legislature proposes to look
Into the blacklisting business.
Coxey and furl Ilrowne have started a
dally campaign paper at Masilllon.
Cincinnati printers .ire preparing for war.
Dosses demand 20 per cent reduction.
The big strike of New York electrical
workers Is off. Only slight concessions were
gained.
"Hlx Six" Typographical union of Nrw
York paid $11,000 , last year to Un une.n-
ployed memberi.
"Nothing to arbitrate' Ii the motto at the
head of a ticket nominated by the eoclallsti
of Patcrscn , N. J.
A national union of printing trades com
posed wholly of negroes , wa formed In
Chlcigo by fifty-seven delegates.
Great Drltaln ha * S.OOO trades unloni. with
1.290.000 financial . -
m.-iubers aud an c tlmatc < l
fund of $10,000.000.
Machinists In the Philadelphia and Headlna
car shops have had their working hour * In-
creaucd to fifty-five per week.
The wlridrawers1 union * frntn all part * ol
ttiu country met at New Ca tle. Pa. , and or.
ganlzcd a national union.