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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 25, 1894)
THE OMAHA DAlTAr IEE : SUNDAY , KOVEMBER 25 , 189-1. c ARPETS CHENILLE PARLOR ST O V K S - Wo CTKTAINS- FURNITURE PARLORSUITS. . Nice. Brussels Carpets , olYor this week I'rlces have been cut Highly ] > ollMiod Handsomely uphol desirable patterns ; a only. Base Burners , as follows : Chamber Sets , antique stered , latest style , special drive. For this $13.50 ; Oil Heaters , Those formerly $5. or 10th Century finish ; IGth century or nn- only , 4So $4,23 , Cannon Stoves , now $2.50 , cheval or square dressers tlquo finish , worth Ingrain Carpets , lat $2.90 ; 5-hole Ranges , Those formerly $10 , ers , worth $30.00. This $40.00. This week only est style. This week $9 50 , 4hola Ranges , now $ t 50. week only $18.73. $23,75 , only 25c per yard ; $5,43. Worth double. Those formerly $15 , worth double. now $7 10. OOOK OASES , * * Etc Secretaries FOLDING 1DEBOAHDS S TOVE , FOLDINGBEDS s O UR PRICES ' BEDS Ladles' Desks , Combi nation Library Cases , Fifty-six dlfleruit Thls week only A Solid Oak Side Guaranteed to bo A nice Hanging Parlor Desks , OIIlco styles. Ask to see our board , finely finished , Stove pipe , lOc Joint lower than ( ho lowest. Lamp ( or $1 75 , worth Desks , etc. , we offer at $8.50 Mantel Folding well made. This week Elbows So cac'i ' Coal Wo cordially Invlto $3.50. prices which wo guar Ucd and our $13,25 only $11,75. Other Hods 14o earn. Zinc to examine nnd A fine Hanging antee to bo from 10 to Upright Folding Bed , houses would consider Hoards , C5c cacli you them with Lamp for $4.G3 , worth 60 per cent below In antique or ICth cen It cheap at $18.00. Dampers , Gc each. compare any house In the land. $10.00. prices quoted else tury finish. Shovels , tc well. where. DEDDING J OUNGES- C ARPETS- B < OCKERS- T IABLES- Comforts , 58c. Slnglc Lounges , Linoleums , 6Se. llced Hockcrs , $1 C5. Pillows. 34c. Dlnlng Tables , $1.95. $3.85 ; worth $7.50. Door Mats , 2Sc. Cane Hockcrs , $1 25. Blankets , 95c. Kitchen Tables , 90c ; Bed Lounges , $6.45 ; Hugs. $1. Children's Rockers , Spreads , 07c. Extension Tables $3.85 worth $12.00. Stair Carpet , 15c. C5c. Tapestry Hock- Bolsters , $1.25. and all other tables Chenlllo Couches , Hag Carpet , 29c. crs , $2.45. I'lusli Ilock- Pillow Slips , 17c. equally low. $7 20 ; worth $10.00. Oil Cloth , 19c. ers , $2 75 , Carpet Worth double. Rockers , $2.43. INWARE INNER SETS- T - w INDOW iURNITURE IJIERMS- SHADES , 23c. Wash Hollers , 75c. Lace Curtains , 90c. Easels , 55c. Dlnner Sets , . $7 . GO. On a bill of $10 , $1 Kltrhen Table , P0c Tea Kettles , 33c. Curtain Poles , 5c Screens , 75c. Ten Sets. $4.25. . . cash nnd $1 per week. K tchen Safes $3 50. Coffc Pots. lOe , Silk Curtains , $2 43 , Plush Chairs. $1.90. Toilet Sets. the $1.95. Special nnd moro fa- Kitchen Chairs ,11 ? . Mrs. Potts' Irons , Chenlllo Covers , 93c. Bedsteads , $1.25. Wo carry ot largest and vorabla arrangements Kitchen Cab . ei , CIcAnd Sllkallne , 19c. Springs , S5c. stock Glaswaro Crockery In the city. on larger purchases. $0.30. ware And equally all other low. tin- S 1LVERWARE- A N IMMENSE F REE- Heavy Plato Knives and Perks , usual building , with a largo Wllh every purchase price , $4.50 this week , warehouse In the rear , Wlth every purchase Wlth every purcliaso of $10.00 and over u ; only $2.23. stored from cellar to of $25.00 and over , a of $5.00 and over , a \ cry pretty Smyrna Alarm Clocks , G4c. root with everything handsome framed pic beautiful decorated Hug , with a choice of Eight-Day Clocks , necessary for house ture. cup and saucer. several hundred to $2.CO. keeping. select from. EASY TERMS. EASY TERMS. $10.00 worth of Goods , $10.00 worth of Goods , $1 week or $ G month. $1 week or $0 month. $25.00 worth of Goods , $25-00 worth of Goods , $1.50 week or $ G month. $1.50 week or $ ( > month. $50.00 worth of Goods , $50.00 worth of Goods , $2 week or $8 month. $2 week or $ S month. $75.00 worth of Goods , $75.00 worth of Goods , $2.50weekor$10 month. $2.50 week or $10 month. $100 worth of Goods , ' $100 worth of Goods , $3 week or $12 month. F0KMEHXY , PEOPLE'S MAMMOTH INSTALLMENT HOTLSE. $ rt week or $12 month. $200 worth of Goods , $200 worth of Goods , $1 week or $15 month. Send 10 cents lo cover postage on big ' 94 catalogue. Write for Bib ; Carriage anl Stova Catalogues , mailed free. Open Monday and Saturday Evenings. $ 'l-wcek or $15 month. THE GIANT OF THE EAST Japan's ' Military Prowess No Mora Astonish ing Thau Its Industrial Advance , A NERVV RIVAL IN COTTON SPINNING Undo Sam unit John Hull lu tile Fur East The ICnllmty and 1'ojtnl System * of Jni > ; in Fuels About Its XoiT i > upors. ( Copyrighted , J831 , by Frank d. Carpenter. ) The wonderful advancement which Japan has made In military matters Is surprising the world. The advancement which she Is also making In manufacturing Is not so well known. Her army has whipped the Chinese. Her laborers promise to beat the whole world In turning out new goods nnd good goods. I spent Eomo weeks among her factories last summer , nnd I found smokestacks going up nil over the empire. The city of Osaka 1s nearly as big us Chicago , and It Is the Pitts- burg of Japan. U has about 1,000,000 people , and It Is a great business and manufacturing center. U lias always been noted for Its factories , but within the past ton years It lias been Introducing modern1 machinery , nnd , as I told you In my talk with Count Ito , It has now forty-six cotton mills , with 600,000 spindles. New machinery Is being put In every day , and by the end of this year It Is thought that the number of spin dles wllf bo more than 1,000,000 , nnd It mny yet 1 > Q the chief exporter of cotton to China , India nnd even to the United States. The Japanese are the greatest colorlsts ot the world. They nro a nation of artists , and. they can make designs which v > e cannot produce. Already they nro shipping a great amount of cotton here , anil we nro now buying Japanese rugs by the millions ot yards every year. A great deal of the cotton used In the Japanese mills Is at American growth , nnd I wns told In Yokohama that Japan used $14,000,000 wortli of American cotton every year. I asked our consul gen eral how this could bo when we sold only about $3,000,000 worth of goods to Japan yearly. He replied : "I will toll you. It comes through Eng- land. Just think of It ! Fourteen million dollars lars worth ot our raw cotton U used hero every year , nnd England gets n profit out of the Bale. Wo first ship It to Liverpool , and It Is then sent hero via the Suez canal. It ought to como direct from America , and our trunk lines could make n good thing If they would cut down their freight rates low enough to compete with England. It wo could have this cotton sent direct , wo would have the balance- the Japanese trade , and , as It Is , England gets the bulk of It. " "How much do wo buy from Japan every year ? " I naked. , "About $17.000,000. " was the reply. "How much does England buy ? " "About $3,000,000 , " "How much does she sell to Japan ? " "About 117,000,000 , and $14,000,000 worth of this U American cotton. You see. Japan lias to have the American cotton. The India and Chinese cottons are short staple , and the best long stap'o cotton comes from the United States. We ought to have the trade. " ENGLAND AND FOREIGN TRADE. Kngland li very anxious to have the United States and the other countries of Europe ict as the cats by which John Dull as the r.on- Icey pulls hla commercial chestnut ) out of the celeitlal fire , China has a foreign trade of about $300.000,000 a year and Kngland gets the bulk of U. It naturally does not like to ree this paralyzed by the war , and It will be very Rlad If Uncle Sam or the Russian Dear will step In and quiet matters for It. A3 far as commercial matters are concerned. It Is the hop of the far east , nnd the business methods of Borne of Us people arc by no means o clean ns they might be. One. of the meanest tricks upon record and this Is upon record occurred In Yokohama shortly before I arrived there. It was In connection with contract for railroad locomotives. The Japanese are very friendly to the United States , nnd the government when It found hat It had to have new engines Bent word to our consulate and asked that some of our engine-building firms would compete. This request was forwarded to America , nnd one ot our chief establishments sent a locomotive to Toklo. There was to bo a competitive test of the English and American engines and on the day before this was to take place the Americans tried their locomotive nnl it ran very well. It was oiled nnd put Into thorough shape , but , not thinking that they were dealing with a set of prcfps slonal raco-courjo sharpers , the Amctlc.uis [ ailed to leave a jockey engineer to sleep the night previous to the race \vtli their Iron horse. The iioxt morning , however , [ or some reason or other I can't tell why they concluded to glvo the engine ono more trial before entering the race. They fired up and turned on the steam. Thcro was a grating and crashing , and the engine stopped. Upon examination It was found that the engine had been tampered with , and that a nut , which was ot such a nature that It could not have come from no other source than from the English competitors , had been placed in one ot the valves. * They found other things misplaced , but fortunately were able to get the locomotive Into fairly good shape before the trial , and half-crippled as she was , they beat the English. The United States would have gotten the contract , but on figuring the lowest possible cost price , In cluding tlio heavy freight rate across the United States , the builders found that they could not compote as to prices , and. the dif ference was so great that the English got the contract. "HOGGED" OUR PRESENT TO JAPAN. Speaking of the English , the new pier which Is now being built at Yokohama , and which , I am told , Is of no earthly good , is an Instance of their hogglshness and un adulterated cheek. The story of this pier dates back to the fight at the Shlmonosekl straits In 1SC3 , In which our gunboat , the Wyoming , was blown up. Foreign vessels had been warned to keep out , and some of the old Dalmlos had concluded to shell all foreign ships coming through these strnlts , and there was a French ship and a Dutch ono also fired upon. The combined fleets of America , France , Holland and Great Britain then attacked the forts nnd silenced them. Not a elnglo British ship was in jured , but In the settlement of the case Great Britain eald she must have n , part of the indemnity , which amounted to some thing like $3,000,000. This was divided equally among the four powers , but the demand was contrary to International law , and the United States , feeling that It was an unjust one , by an act of congress gave back the seven hundred and eighty odd thousand dollars to Japan , England , which had not been Injured at nil , kept Its money , as did also France and Holland. Japan , In taking back the money from the United States , felt , of course , very grateful , but said that she would like to put It Into some memorial representative of the kindness of the United States , and an attempt was made through an American connected with the for eign otllce in Japan to have congress endow a hospital , or a school , or something of that kind In Toklo , which should bo known as the American school. This was not done , however , and Japan was told to use It as she pleased , Hero John Bull got In his fine work , He had the bulk ot the shipping , and ho thought a big breakwater or pier at Yokohama would bo a good thing for his ships , and If It was made by English con tractors It would put money Into his people's pccketa. How It was done I do not know , but the English got the Japanese government to devote this money to building' that Yokohama hama pier , and the contract was given to an Englishman , and now that It Is about completed , it Is found to be of no good whatsoever. At the same time John Bull Is Jingling his $785,000 In his pockets , and Is Fending over some of the remains of his surplus to buy the bonds which we are com pelled to Itsuo to support our reserve In the Treasury department. Oh , he's a nice phil anthropist , he 1st Remember how strongly he came In on the opium deal with China ? And remember but I am writing about Japan. JAPANESE RAILROADS. Speaking of locomotives , there Is a won derful railroad development going on In Japan. New roads are being extended ID every direction , nnd with the lnJ mn ty which the country will probably get from the Chinese there will be on enormous In crease in all kinds of public Improvements. During my stay In Japan I met many of the chief railroad men of the country , and 1 was told that the revenues of nearly every railroad there was Increasing. The govern ment roads gave a net profit of more than $2,000,000 in 1893 , and the Increase In pas senger receipts over the year preceding was moro than $300,000. There was an Increase of $190,000 In freight receipts , and this was an increase of more than 14 per cent. There is a line running from the capital , Tokyo , to Yokohama , the chief seaport , which has trains every hour , and these are as well run as those between Philadelphia nnd New York. The passenger receipts on this road Increased 15 per cent last year , and on the main line , which runs from the capital ta western Japan , there was an increase of IB per cent. The Japan stock Is not watered , as ours Is , nnd there Is no cutting of rates. The only thing that pays a profit to the United States gov ernment is the- patent office. We are losing millions now on our postofllce contracts. Japan Is making money on everything , and It has as cheap postal rates nnd telegraph rates as we have. Nearly all the railroad statlona have telephones or block signaling Instruments. All have telegraph stations , and they carried last year nearly a million messages. Their railways are of English construction , with one single exception. This Is a line 200 miles long , which runs through the Island of Yozo , and which was built by American engineers with American rolling stock. It was opened In 1SSO , and it is , I am told , paying very well. The Japanese are now going to make their own engines. They have works at Tokyo nnd Kobe , and they have been building freight and passenger cars for some time. I am told that fifty new railways are con templated , and that the charters for thcso have been applied for. and n number of them already granted. A RIDE ON A JAPANESE RAILROAD. The Japanese cars have three classes first , second and third. The first class is almost altogether like the English coaches , except that you enter at the end Instead of at the side of the cars. The cars are di vided up Into compartments , with doors run ning through them , The first-class faro is about 3 cents per mile. The second-class , 2 cents per mile , and the third class , 1 cent per mile. All these fares are In silver , which Is just half the amount figured in American money , so that Japan has about the cheapest fares In the world. The second-class cars are for all the world like an American street car , with wldo cushions running under the windows. They are well upholstered and very comfortable. They are seldom filled , nnd are used largely by the well-to-do Japanese. There are doors at the Elde , ne/r the end , and these open di rectly on to the stations and not on to a vestibule , as with us. You find all classes within them , and you may ride for hours with pretty Japanese girls , Buddhist priests and the thousand and one characters which make up the life ot Japan. Many ot' the Japanese women squat on the seats , tucking their long gowns under their knees and ex posing about an Inch or two of bare skin between their little foot mittens and their kimonos. You meet many Japs In European clothes , and now and then one will take oft his Japanese clothes , pull a foreign suit out ot his bag nnd dress in the car right before your eyes. No one pays any attention nor seems to think It strange. THE THIRD-CLASS CARS. The third-class cars are uncushloncd , and they are filled with the poorer classes , ' who trot through the stations In clogs , many of them having their dresses pulled up to their knees. They carry their baggage on their backs , and push and crowd in. They patron ize the station restaurants , and every time the train stops there are peddlers of cookies and tea who come to the car windows. You buy nil sorts of food very cheap , nnd you can get a teapot of Japanese tea , with a teacup on top , anywhere , I remember riding one day with Mr , John Thompson , a Washington banker , and wh.cn the hour for lunch came we concluded to buy two pots ot tea , I got them arid offered the man 10 cents. He looked rather queer , and I thought I had not given him enough , and was about to hand him out 0 more , when , to our sur prise , he gave mo back 5 centu , and our guide told us that we were to keep the pots and the cups. This was two teapots , two cupa and about one quart of tea for the sum of 5 cents , or about 2 ! & cents In Ameri can money. Such a teapot at home would cost at least 25 cents , and other things were proportionately cheap. There Is no place in the world where you can travel better and more cheaply than In Japan , and there Is no place where you get so much for the money. There are good hotels everywhere , and the best hotels ot Tokyo , Yokohama an * Kobe are equal to the best hotels In New York. The hotel rates at the best houses are from $4 to $5 a day In silver , which Is just half thcso amounts when reduced to American money. Clothes and other things are pro portionately cheap , and carriages you ride about , you know , In jlnrlklshas cost you from 10 cents to 1C cents an hour. THE "HELLOA GIRLS" OF JAPAN. Japan has now a number of "helloa girls , " and In the "Central" station at Tokyo I saw about fifty if them , with black rubber re ceivers about their ears , screeching Japanese answers over the wire. The telegraph sys tem Is also growing , and Japan sent last year moro than 0,000COO telegraphic dispatches. The country 's. ' In fact , growing so fast that It Is Impossible to keep track of it , and. it publishes now almost as many newspaper * as we do , In proportion to Its people. There are moro than 200 different journals published in Tokyo alone , and Japan Issues more than 200,000,000 copies of newspapers a year. Every one reads the newspapers , and I have seen jlnrlklsha men pull papers out of their pock ets and sit down and read while I went In to make a call. The newspapers pay fairly well , and they are circulated by newsboys , who go about with bells In their hands , which they ring as they call out the names ot their Journals. Nearly every paper has had one or moro correspondents In Corea , and nearly all of them have had Illustrations by their special artists on the ground. Some of their artists command very high prices , and I have had Illustra tions for my letters made by the best of them. They have their reporters everywhere , and I was Interviewed a dozen times during my stay In Japan , and I met a number of the editors. The government has , however , had a very rigid censorship of the press during the present war , and a number of the papers have been warned that they would bo sus pended If they made premature reports. Editors are now- punished nearly every day , and the real names of the editors do not ap pear In the papers. The names which are published as those of the editors represent poor scribblers , who are paid from $20 to $30 a month , and who expect to take the blame If the paper gets into trouble. They are ready to be dragged off to-prison and servo out any centenco that the court may impose upon them far the Improper statements published by the papers , and , provided their salaries go on , they don't care how long their sentences last. A MONBTJEB PLATE. Aiuerlcnu Steel riant * Kiiuul to Any In I ho World. The announcement a few days ago that n famous English naval commander would shortly visit this country for the purpose of Inspecting our battle ships and cruisers Indi cates that our great shipbuilding plants are attracting a good deal of attention on the other side of "the pond. " This visit Is called to mind owing to the Information lately fur nished that the largest steel plate ever rolled , not only In this country , but in tlio world , was turned nut recently by the Wellman Iron and Steel works at Chester , Pa , The dimension ! of , the plate are 450 Inches long by 130 Inches wide and Hi Inches thick. It Is Intended as a rudder-plate for one of the new ocean greyhounds contracted for by the International Navigation company with the Messrs. Cramp. The rudderplateswere o large that months of Inquiry developed the fact that there were only two mills having1 the capac ity to make'them and assume the risk. One of these was the famous Krupp establishment of Essen. Germany , and the other that of the Wellman company. The huge Ingot , weighing 21,000 pounds , was placed In the heating furnace and remained there all night and part of the following day , when It was removed to the table and successfully rolled. Dr. W. 0. Eotlgors1 Address Before the National Congress at Buffalo. INTERESTING SKETCH OF THE SJBJECT Ideal History Traced from Hundred * or Tcnrs Ilcforo tlio Christian l.'ra Karly Combinations or Men for Protection. At the recent National Fraternal congress at Buffalo , N. Y. , Dr. W. 0. Rodgers of Omaha delivered the following address : To undertake to even sketch an Ideal his tory of fraternallsm would bo a task Involving years of research and theorizing which would open such a field of conjecture and specula tion as to result In a , chaotic condition of mind and an absence of realism so marked as to destroy any lucid theory which might bo evolved. Sufficient for the subject before us Is to make the bare statement that , beyond a doubt , the birth of fraternallsm was co existent with the first attempts of primitive man to throw off the fetters of Intellectual bondage and savagery and actually begin his Infant struggles toward the goal of civiliza tion. Hundreds ot years before the Christian era we see evidences of fraternallsm among men. They sought relief from oppression , they fretted under the iron rule of petty chieftains , who subjugated the weak and made them vassals and slaves. Seeking amelioration of their wretched condition , at the risk of their lives , they banded together In small numbers and Invented marks and signs by which they were able to prove their fraters and hall them when desirable or necessary to do so. The ruling element , both In religion and In government , also adopted signets , symbolic figures and peculiar ceremonies to bind to gether the chosen ones for mutual help and protection. An ancient writer said : "There Is scarcely any ancient people In which some sanctuary might not be found either occa sionally or wholly closed to the multitude , nor any among whom some secret or nocturnal rites were not celebrated. In early or semi- civilized times , It has been observed , doctrines were , taught which were the germ of a higher and purer faith , forming n primitive creed far In advance ot the false Ideas which were In herent in the human race. " RITES OF ELEUSIS. Much has been written ot the mysterious rites ot Eleusls which taught the advantage of agriculture by illustrating the revlvlcatlon of the earth after the death of winter , and of the sacred mysteries of Isis in which the novitiate approached the confines ot death and having trod on the threshold of Proserpine was finally ushered Into tne presence of the Initiated and feasted royally. The Samothraclan mysteries are spoken ot as having an Influence to guarantee its Initi ates from the perils of the sea. The Mlthralc rites , with Its eighty degrees , compelling Its Initiates to endure the tests of passing through Ore , enduring hunger , cold and thirst , that they might be proven worthy of receiving the confidence ot their fraters , The sublime philosophy ot Pythagoras , which crystallized into the best known and most numerous fra ternity ot the early times , furnishes modern fraternities with more symbolism than any oth.er system ot fraternallsm. Following the moro ancient forms of fra ternallsm , 400 or COO years before Christ , the historians chronicle the existence of as sociations of men from whence came guilds , a writer has said , "Th spirit ot associa tion In all ages has Induced men to Join to gether for mutual benefit or pleasure , or for the attainment of some common purpose for which the support of numbeis was neces sary. " Glimpses ot legendary history , with con firmation hero and there in authentic facts , confirm the accepted theory that In frater- nnllsm man found a means to teach ( he grandest doctilnes of good living and a future life Mutual protection demanded secrecy and thus necessity made the seciet fraternity the most ancient of all forms of association of men. Hut we have lss to do in the consideration of the evolution of fraternity , as applied to the purely social , convivial or seml-rellglous fraternities , than with benellclary fraternities , such ns are represented In the National Fraternal con gress , which leads mo to accept the best authenticated origin of beneficiary fratcr- nalism as being from the guilds , of which we find well defined evidence of having tx- tsted hundreds of years before the Chris tian era , GUILD DEFINED. A guild Is defined as "A voluntary associa tion ot those living near together who joined for a common purpose , paying contributions , worshipping together , feasting together periodically , helping ono another In sickness and poverty , " etc. Tlio distinction between the collegia of Homo and the guild Is dlfll- cult to determine , both having similar ob jects and being co-existent for many cen turies. The existence ot organizations of this char acter nro easily traced down the centuries In all the countries of the earth. Wo sea traces of them in England from the laws of Ina ( seventh century ) down to tlio "Dooms" of London In the tenth century. The stat utes of the old London peace guild provided for : "A monthly meeting with u banquet , the remains of which were to be bestowed in alms ; on the death of a member each brother gives at loaf or pays for the singing of fifty psalms. Each member pays 4 pence for common purposes , towards a sort of Insurance fund , from which the guild makes good the losses of members and a contribution of a shilling towards the pur suit of the thief , " etc. EARLY SOCIETIES. The evolution from the collegia , erancl and guilds to burial clubs was but natural. The burial ot the dead from the earliest periods has been a ceremony which the survivors have made a notable event. The Britannlca states that : "In China there are burial societies In almost all the towns and villages. From the Greeks the Romans derived their fraternities of a similar kind. The Teutons in like manner had their guilds. Whether the English friendly society owes Its origin In the higher degreei to the Roman or Teutonic Influence , can hardly be determined. " It Is stated that there are now 10,755 friendly societies in England alone with a total membership of over 7,000,000 , one society having 855,000 , and another 472,000. In Franco the total membership of Its friendly societies Is 1,005,507. The amount of money distributed by these friendly societies aggregates Into tlte hundreds of millions of dollars. It is claimed that there Is In ex istence today a friendly society which origi nated In 11CS , and has had n continuous ex istence since that date. This was a century before the EngUh secured their Magna Charta. While this statement may bo ac cepted with some doubts , we have positive evidence of the existence of similar societies In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Ono founded In 1CGG is still In existence ; another started in 1703 , and the society of Llntot In 1703 , are still flourishing. The early friendly societies were composed of an odd number ot members , such as Cl , SI , 101 , etc. In the English statutes of 1819 friendly societies are defined as "An institution whereby It is Intended to pro vide by contribution , on the principles of mutual Insurance , for the maintenances or acslstance of contributors thereto , their wives or children , In sickness , infancy , advanced age , widowhood , or any other natural state or contingency , whereof the occurrence is susceptible ot calculation by way of average. " A few years afterward , Belgium , France and Germany adopted laws for the regulation of similar societies , which had multiplied rap idly. OF LEGITIMATE ORIGIN. Thus Is demonstrated the legitimate hered ity of the fraternal beneficiary societies of this generation. Instead of being an out growth of life Insurance companion , the op posite In the truth. Until about 1840 , such a thing ns n life Insurance company was un known , Life Insurance companies were evi dently conceived from the experience of the friendly societies * The genius who first evolved the scheme calculated from the mortality experience * of the ancient societies , and shrewdly proved the chances for gain to these who could control the funds of con tributors nnd appropriate to themselves the profits likely to accumulate. The kindly Impulses of our ancient pro genitors materialized In combinations of the chosen few , with a miniature government ot mutuality. Little did they dream that they , were laying the foundation of a plan of gov crnmcnt which would overturn despotism and feudalism , with the consequent Intel lectual and physical bondage of their con- btltticncy , and that In the later centuries the spirit of liberty and equal rights would bo triumphant. We here witness In fraternallsm four dis tinct evolutions , viz. : First. From heathenism to combinations of the collegia. Second. From tlio primitive collegia , cranoi and guilds to the burial clubs. Third. From the burial clubs to tha friendly societies. Fourth. From the friendly societies to the modern beneficiary societies of today. FRATEHNALISM IN AMERICA. The success of , fraternallsm In America has been accomplished by much personal sacrifice , unflinching effort and brotherly love. Its foundations have been deeply laid. Ignored at first by our slate governments , It ha demanded and received legislative super vision. Scorned by capital and corporations , It has outnumbered them In clientage , and today it Is the most powerful combination of men on the continent. Its mission Is that oC peace and hunmnltarlnnlsm ; Its future rc- splcmlant with bright promise. Heine of the people nnd for the people , It has no combinations for telllslmcsa or power , except for the accomplishment of ends In spired by the purest of motives. Independent of religion or politics , its teachings are ele vating , and its alms ennobling. Its mccttngi are educators of the young and teachers ot charily , tlio greatest of all virtues. Born of necessity , cradled In obscurity , matured by liberty loving patriots , Its history proves i\ \ steady evolution of advanced thought , noble attainment and human relief. Coin * uf ICiiormous Birr. When the area and square Inches of cur. face Is taken Into consideration the largest coins ever Issued by any government on tha globe were these put in circulation by Sweden during the sixteenth cen tury. These mammoth pieces are neither round , spuare , oval or octa gonal In shape , but nrc great , Irregular slabs of coppsr described its " .resembling . pieces of n boiler after .an explosion. " The smallest piece Issued miner the law which authorized this gigantic coinage was an Irregular rec tangular slab ot about twelve cquare Inches of surface and about n half an inch thick. It was worth about 30 cents , Tlio largest of the eamo scries was about n foot square and had n face value of $1. Each of thesa copper slabs are stamped In several places on the face , the various Inscriptions giving1 the date , denomination , etc , The $1 piece mentioned latt above Is nearly an Inch In thickness and weighs four pounds , lacking a fraction. _ A. R. Kllpatrlck of Flllmore , Cat. , had tha misfortune to ha\u his leg caught between a cart and a stone and badly bruised. Ordi narily he would have bevn laid up for two or thrco weeks , but says : "After using ono bottle of Chamberlain's Pain Balm I began to feel better , and In thrco days was entirely well , The peculiar Koothtng qualities which Chamberlain's Pnlti Balm possesses I have never noticed In any other liniment. I take pleasure In recommending It. " This lini ment Is also of great value for rheumatism and lame back. Hon. Tlin'n Drllnltliin. Amos Cummlngs and Judge Campbell wcr * discussing the hardships of a political ca reer , says the Washington Post. Both agreed It was a dllflcult place to fill , that ot repre senting a great constituency In the largest city on the continent. CummliiKS olghed for a perpetual Reason of trout Hilling. Mr. Campbell , moro poetic , wished for a virgin forest In which to bury his Identity. "Tim , " ald Cummlligs , "what do you understand by a virgin forest ? " "Oh , " was Mr. Campbell's quick response , A "a place where the hand of man never i t * tt\ \ " foot. r Oregon Kidney Tea cures ail kl aey tros * l/.ti. Trial size , 25 coo All drugulita.
