TTIID OTtfATTA. DATIYV" l STnvTTlAV. OOTmvrail "ft.
A VAST SWEAT SHOP
Degradation of Labor In tlio Industrial Dis
tricts of Great Britain ,
WOMAN AS A WAGE REDUCER
Invading All Dcpartmcnla of Activity and
Working for a Pittnnco.
STATISTICAL TRUTHS FOR WORKINGMEN
The Traits of Protection and Prco Trade
Oar of allAnalyzed. .
AN EXPERT'S RESEARCHES IN NOTTINGHAM
{ 'omitrclioiiMre Hoylcw of IH-Tnlil nucl Do *
moralized 13bor and tli Jlmultnnt Kf-
fcct on tlio Ifrnltli uml I.lie of
Manufacturing Communities.
NOTTINGHAM , England , Oct. 20. ( Spe
cial Correspondence of The Dec. ) When I
landed In- England about n month ago
what 1 took to bo Uio Tail of the moment
treated with terrible Intensity wag woman.
1 have since found out my mistake In classing -
ing this new discovery by man as a fad ,
for after woman came the "advanced
woman , " who rapidly developed Into the
New Woman.
The Now Woman Is In a large degree a
creature ot Imagination. It IB hard to de-
line her. She embraces every variety of her
sec from the female doctor who talks In the
drawing room ot cases "quite unfit to print ,
you know. " to the most cultivated and re
fined scholar and philosopher ; from the little
clum visitor to the wife of n noble peer of
the realm. Naturally such a- ran go lias fur
nished material for the gentle satire of the
playwright , the emotional tirades of the
three-vein mo novelists , the topical songa of
the niuMc halls and the wiles of the politi
cal manipulators. On the platform the New
Woman In debated , all aorta ot Jokes , scien
tific and silly , are cracked over her unlucky
licad. comic papers have taken a new lease
In cartoons , the mighty da tiles bombard her
with their heaviest artillery , the sixpenny
weeklies ( satirize her , the monthly reviews
philosophize- over her , the physiologists dls-
acct her , the pyschologUts vivisect her , and
nil I2ni and Is raging over lier. Yet woman ,
the old woman , has been always with us.
Still more to the point. ED far as this coun
try Is concerned , she Is going about her busi
ness apparently obliviousto the fact that
man- and llrltlsh man at that has sud -
Uonly awakened to _ the Increasing Impor
tance of woman In the body politic of the
kingdom. It Is not , however , with the New
Woman as above discussed and written about
that 1 propone to deal In this letter , but of
woman as I find her In the United Kingdom
side by ylde with man in nearly all the oc
cupations of life. Not of the woman faddist
.iu depicted In the new novels and plays , but
at the woman wane-earner. Not of the wo
man In search ot now sensations who- dilates
.it a Weal End dinner of her unprintable ad
ventures In the slums , but of the women
who are compelled to spend their lives In
9ho dreary working quarters of the metropo
lis and In England's great centers of indus
trial energy. Not of the women who talk ,
but of the myriad women who work. Not
of the fashionable who spend , but of the mil
lions who earn. Not ot. those who play , but
of the vast army that tall. Of tliosa who ,
unllkn their American kinswomen , are not
alone tolling for their own independence , butte
to Increase by a few shillings ttio weekly
mornings of the head of the family.
AVOMEN T01LEHS ,
The army of women tellers , outside of the
mothers and the wives In England , is a tre
mendous one. It is Impossible to gauge- the
competitive power of England In the indus
trial battle between the two countries unless
wn ascertain to what extent woman has ot
late- years been drawn into occupations
which at one tlmo belonged exclusively to
Titan. While humane and stringent factory
Jaws have In n measure stopped the brutall-
aatlon of women In coal pits ami as beasts
of burden , the demand for cheap labor , in
consequence of the specialization oC British
Industry , has forced her Into occupations
"which are rapidly undermining her physique
and making It more difficult to bear healthy
children. Not only free , strong , healthy sln-
Kla women , but married women who must
leave their homes and domestic work and
that most sacred of all trusts the rearing
of young children , to take their place In the
mills and factories. According to the last
TJrltlfh census the proportion ot married
women thus employed in some of the prln-
c'pal Industrial centers. Including the one
I am writing from , is as follows :
Industry. 1'roiwrtlon to l.OM.
Sin- SlurWlil -
Ble. Tleil. nw.
lara ( Nottingham ) 473 116
Cotton ( Lancashire ) .CM 41t 61
IVoolcn cloth ( Uu4Jtr neltI 634 173 03
Wanted cloth , ( lrailford ) M 211 M
Carpet ( Kidderminster ) M7 119 91
JJoola ( Northampton ) . ; , , 612. . 427 61
Clan * ( I'roan.t ) , 70S 1M 127
Fotlfry ( aiarronlahlre311 Ml 93
Hero Is my point. If the potteries ol
Trenthum , with the protection accorded them
by the JIcKlnley tariff bill , were compelled ,
lor Instance , to employ 531 married women
In their potteries out of every 1,000 women
nnployed , then the sooner the Mliole busi
ness was written down a failure the better.
If American cotton'mills and lace factories
are employing over 400 married women out
of every 1,000 so engaged they are much
nearer the Drltlsh standard than I supposed.
Are 50 per cent of our operatives In the tex-
tllo trades , for Instance , marrlod women ?
, Are they compelled to toll In the mills In
order to mnko the earnings of the head of
the family sufficient to keep body and soul
togetbcrT This is a pertinent question , es
pecially when Mr. Wilson succeeds In forcing
the rest of the free trade wedge into our
Industrial system. American workmen must
not suppose that democratic free trade bed
rock , has been struck with the present bill ,
It Is Important , therefore , that he should
know exactly the part woman takes In the
British Industrial system. He must know .
what she does. Why sha doea It. The wages I '
.paid In the several competitive Industries ,
together with the condition of the opera
tives. This la a good deal to treat of In one
letter and condensation will bo necessary.
INVADING ALb OCCUPATIONS.
To return to the woman who works as
wo find her in England today. The census
of 1891 returns no less than 4.016,230 women
engaged Ir definite occupations In England
'and Wales. These Industrious women wage-
'earners are engaged In every imaginable I
branch of work. Speaking generally , wo
Ond that woman appears In all the twenty-flvo
subclasses Into whtcli the British occupation
tables are bunched , except only the defense
of the country. In these tables we flnd wo
men returned as bankers , brokers and dis
count clerks , and within the "last few months
they have actually Invaded the sacred pre
cincts of the Dank at England Itself. They
appear as district , municipal , parish and
union officers , and have broken 111 rough he
upper crust of Bumbleism and m ,
making the administration ot pauper relief
mora humane and decent. Whllo not 10-
tually engaged In the defense ot the country ,
women In Kngland may be found ta black-
amltha , .forging the peaceful ploughshares
and as "bayonet and sword makers , " sharp
ening the Implements ol war. Women are
enumerated as miners ot coal , ol lead , of
capper , of limestone and ot Iron ore. They
are actively engaged as mnlsten , brewers
nd retailers of spirituous , vinous and malt
-liquors. As barmaids they administer tend
man's appetite tor drink , as butchers and
bakers and " " "
"buttermen. and "poultry
dialer * , " and "dairymen , " to his love of
rood living. As architects the English wo '
men plan and build houses and in the oc
cupations of plumber. gasfUter. bell-hanger ,
glazier , carpenter and joiner , they keep the
English homes in repair. An < l this doei
not conclude the catalogue ol women's
achievement In the Industrial struggle with
tha arch-enemy man.
Tha stable and farm r rd , once so ex-
elualtoly his , bai r cilr d a rioltat ssiault
an3 English women nr * returned ai "cab
man , " "hotiebccalcen , " "groomt , " "Jockey * , "
"carriers. " "r rmtn , " "plff dealer * , " "doc
rsnclsrs , " "lellmooKeM. " "tanners ? ' and
"veterinary surgeons. " Tha song of "The
Jolly Young "Waterman , " may soon be
changed , for he may b a woman. There
uro women "boatmen" and "teamm" und
"bargemen" and "watermen , " while about
hips they flguro as "shlpchnndlers" and
"shipwright * . " An "watchmen" and "lodge-
keeper " they preside over houses nntl ware
houses by day and by night , and ni "messen
gers" and "porlara" run errands and carry
parcels , while In the hazardous work of
"gamekeeper" they keep an ever wary eye
on the festive poacher.
Even the shadiest and most Indigenous
of British occupations have not bctn strong
enough to withstand the terrific force oC the
new woman army , and chimney sweep and
ciMtermonger would alike stand dismayed
If they could read In the British blue books
that the "missus" Is coming to the front
In both these pursuits. In short , woman
In the great conflict has usurped many of the
sweetest as well as the roughest preroga
tive ! ) of man , As an "Insurance agent" she
can tniure life "law clerk"
your , as a prepare -
pare your will , ns "municipal officer" attest
It , as "undertaker" bury you , and as
"preacher" In your funeral sermon dilate
on the comparative uselessness of man and
the Joys of a happy release from all his
nflllctlonj.
TUB DOOnS CLOSED.
Above I have only named some of the
rather peculiar occupations of Engllth wo
men , In all those branches of work so well ,
adapted for women our English cousins hare
made great headway and out of some COO' '
occupations given In the detailed report for
1H11 , I flnJ the following with .blanks In the
"femalo" column :
Women In England are not army ofnoars ,
bailiffs , solicitors , ship riggers , cement
makers , bay cutlers , grave diggers , civil
engineers , boiler makers , teamsters , colonel
on Bast India service , railway contractors ,
dock laborers , locomotive drivers , locomotive
stokers , rallwuy guards , stone quarrymen ,
clergymen ( of the Established .church ) , road
Inspectors , lime burners , Manchester ware
housemen , priests , naval officers , level cross-
InRincn , policemen , sawyers.
Thfr New Woman of the United Slates may
paste this in her bonnet ( If it has a crown ) ,
for it is all her kinswoman across the sea.
has to learn of man's pursuits nnil occupa
tions. Abolish this little list and man nntl
wonan will practically stand equal. Tlien
woman will have surely followed wherever
man has dared to tread In pursuit ot a
livelihood.
What does- all this mean ?
Simply this. While English , economists
are prating about the "economy of high
wages" and of the "highest paid labor" be
ing "the moat efficient. " the English woman
Is being forced Into almost every occupation
( and the married woman at that ) because her
labor Is cheaper than that of man's. Fur
thermore , that while preaching this to the
credulous free traders In foreign countries
probably more than half the whole Indus
trial population of Great Britain have to
exist , and at present are existing on an In
come per head which Is less than the cost
of keeping her Indoor paupers. This does not
look like adhering to tha fiction of the
"economy of high wages. "
Take , for example , the wages of these
woman workers here in Nottingham , one of
the places' that will compete with our own
cancel ns , not only In machine made lace , but
in every variety of hosiery and knit goods ,
What la the condition of labor here ? Far
worse than I expected to find It. When I
v sited Nottingham twelve years ago I found
the textile Industries prosperous and wages
for England fairly good. Today It Is dif
ferent. Like other towns they are looking
hopefully toward the United States and pray
ing that President Cleveland and Mr. Wilson
may fulfill their promise or a still further
reduction. In such an event how could
American operatives compete wttli the wages
that I find tiere today.
Women are earning from 06 centa to JI.CS
per week. In the best of times when work
Is abundant thqso engaged in the large con
cerns like Messrs. J. & It. Morley's only-
make from $2 to $3 per week. Low as these
rates are , what are called the "out-workers"
nre still worse off. Here Is a sample right
from the lips of a worker. This woman
( what Is called a mlddlewoman ) , bands men's
drawers ; for cutting , creasing , turning Inaklo
out , punching and working button holes ,
taping and tying In dozens , she la paid 5
cents or 2 j. pence a dozen. She pays out
workers 2 % pence , or \ % centa , a dozen ,
and pays carriage to and from Shelford
( eight miles from Nottingham. ) Another
woman , "a seamer , " Joins up the toes and
heels of stockings and is paid -I pence , or
8 cents per dozen pairs. She can make 3
shillings , or 72 cents , n'week , by working
hard all the time. Another seamed long
cashmere frose at 18 cents , or 9 pence per
dozen. Her avcrag-e earnings are 2 shillings ,
or 4S cents , per week. Another seams from
eight to nine hours dally. Her average earn
ings are 2M pence , or 5 cents , n day. An
other , a widow with two children , seams
nlno hours dally and earns Vi pence , or \ \ ' .
cent an hour , working very hard. Her aver
age weekly earnings are 3 shillings , or 72
cents. In the lace trade things are nearly
an bad. . One woman receives % pence , or
1 centa dozen yards for rcalloplng. She
can scallop a dozen In an hour. For frillIng -
Ing , another could earn 3 shillings , or 72
cents , a week. If she neglected her home.
Still another mends tulle. For ninety yards
she receives 2 shillings , 48 cents , "she can
make 3 shillings , or 72 cents , a week , " when
well supplied with work.
Speaking of the .seaming trade generally
I and I the outworkers In It one of the factory
Inspectors remarked that women ) who earn
less than 3 shillings. 72 cents , a week , are
either bad workers , or work less than flfty-
tlx , hours a week , but those who earned
more- than 72 cents are either specially well
paid pr they work extra hours , which would
be counted as overtime In a factory.
"WHAT THEY EABN.
How much more do they earn than 72
cents per week ? At the outside $2 per week.
And this thesa poor creatures do not receive
In cash. The work Is given out by middle-
women who keep wretched little grocery
and general stores. On woman eays that the
price is 3 pence (6 ( cents ) per dozen for seamIng -
Ing half hose in groceries , and 214 pence (5 (
cents ) In cash. And then with a sigh she
added :
"There Is little work for them as asks for
"
money.
Ono woman has seamed for ten years for
ono firm and never seen any money durlrig
that whole time , AVhat did she get ?
Groceries , flour , etc. But living is so cheap
til free trade England. Oh no ! Look , at
this. This woman has to-pay 2 penee per
ounce for the wretched grade of tea she
uses. Tlilnk of It , 64 cents per pound.
SJoro than 2 cents per pound for flour : poor
tub butter , 30 cents per pound ; bacon.
18 centa per pound ; cheese , 10 cents per
pound. All of the commonest and cheap-
eat sort.
After reading this , and I can substantiate
every word and every figure , the Anglo-
American dude congratulates himself on the
reduction which Mr. Wilson says will take
place In tha cost of British hose. AVhat
does the American woman think of this
degradation of woman r\ew or old ? Possi
bly these facts and figures may explain why
knit goods are so cheap oven In protection
America and why it Is so difficult to manu
facture these things at home and pay living.
decent irages ,
Another point that American labor or
ganizations should look Into , namely , that
some of the women who do this work ire |
helped regularly by the parish , so much per
week. Is It right that American labor
should bo thus asked to compete against the
firm of John Bull and the poor house ? This
cornea dangerously near'prison labor.
Meantime tha British tree trader Is talkIng -
Ing o [ high paid labor and reduced cost of
production. From $1 to } 3 a week Is a safe
range of women's earnings In the Netting
ham and LUcestcr districts , a very small I
per cent at
And now a word about button mikers.
Already I hear of our button factories clos
ing and the. hands thrown out of employ
ment. And no wonder. I found lei a
Birmingham factory when I was there that
a majority In a large factory could earn | 2.50
per week. This tells the story o tar as
woman Is concerned :
Number In every 100 women and girls
earning under , (1,44 per week : , 40.4 ; $1,44
to U.K2 per w ck , 3S.5 ; n.BJ to )2.40 per
week. 1S. < 5 ; $2.40 to I2.BS per week , 6.5.
Women wage earners In the United States , '
what do you think of these flKuroal Nearly
eighty oat of every 100 employed earning
leva than 11.82 per week. Over forty In
every 100 less than $1.60 tor a week's , work ,
No wonder our button factories close and
bar their doors. Better do this than thus
degrade honest labor ,
Tha potter * ol the United Stales , degerve
great credit for what they have accomplished
wben w take Into consideration , tha wages
( her par. For their benefit r ttnft * .table
showing the wages paid women In the Staf
fordshire potteries and the number In each
100 working ot each rate. I make no com
parisons with. American wages , for each
Individual operative who reads this letter
knows exactly how her wages compare with
theirs. The following table represents
nearly 1,600 workers and may be regarded
aa absolutely reliable.
Number In each 109 women and girls earn
ing per week :
$ . nd
fen w
x
12 if
Printinir. . . . . . . 27.1 21 1 14.0 24 7 11,1) .0
Painting . to.a 1.1 2 22.2 2.1.7 : a.o 5.H
WArehouio. . . i 14.0 -0U , tr.u 1S,2 | a.s 5.H.fl
Throwing and
Jollying . C.4 11.H 35.11 138.1 4.3 B.S 2.1
Towln * . . . . " ' < ; .o B2.0 I'J.O ' ' '
0.4 t/i'.O 31.4 -8.1 11.4 'b''i
L-itha turning- . ID. * Ba 3D.O 3lll > 10 fi
titlici br.inch'n 1.2 li : s 32.0 15.H 10.1) 0.0
All branches. . 13.U S5.2 28,8 10.2 tf.7
Hope and twlno Industries , were selected by
the free traders and doomed. No ordinary
cut of duty would do hero but absolute free
trade. With the following wages paid women
In Liverpool and Manchester perhaps these In
dustries may bo- able to compete even with
Drltlsh manufactures :
Number In each 100women and girls earn
ing under $1.46. 15.5 ; $ MGto $1.95 , 30.0 :
$1.95 to 2.43 , 4.5 ; $2.43 I ? $2.92 , 33.3 ; $3.92
and upward , 1G.7.
Ifere we flnd nearly forty-six in each IOD
employed J ; working for less than $2 per week ,
Working not In country cottages amid the
green fields , but In the horrible coke towns
In the vilest tenement houses , where the
death rate Is appalling to scientific men. Ex
ist Ing In localities where the death rate
among women sometimes exceeds fllty to the
1.000 or 5 per cent per annum ot the popula
tion. "The .continuance of a death rate such
as this for three years , " s.iys an official re
port , "aver an extensive district In the heart
of Manchester , is a source * of grave anxiety
to the medical office ol health , "
And well It may be so.
THE HOME MARKET.
Until the now tariff bill was enacted wo
were doing well In the manufacture ol car
pets. Mr. North's report shows nearly 30,000
persons employed In making carpets. We had
won the control ot our home market. In
quantity I bcllove we produced more than any
other country. The average wages actually
paid women In this Industry exceeded. $1 per
working day , or $325 per year. In Bradford ,
Halifax and Leeds their average pay , that
Is their earnings when they work , are half
that amount , or $3 to | S.JO per week.
It has been shown that In all the large-
textile centers of England women's wages
range from 75 cents to $3,39 $ per week. That
the women who thu * work are not young
girls , but in some cases over 50 per cent are
married Women , wives and mothers who are
compelled to neglect their homes and their
children to add a pittance to the weekly earn
ings , so that , Including the husband and chil
dren , It may become a living wage. It Is
this point that I am trying to emphasize In
this letter. If I shall succeed It will'more
than compensate ( ar many miles ol travel
and many interviews with the victims ot Ihls
human degradation. The effect of this sort
of work Is to demoralize the family. Un-
happlness , drunkenness arise In working
families ( ram the wives being In th ? mills.
It destroys the home , dirtiness and untidi
ness reign where comfort nnd order should
abide Children arc neglected and mortality
Is high. The stamina of the children Is
undermined In two ways First , the effect
of tha mill work upon the mother Is In
jurious ; secondly , the Institution of a "baby
farmer" for a mother Is even worse. The
whole system Is vicious , To Introduce It
Into the United States Is criminal. To
bring about a competition that will tend
thus to reduce the standard of our women Is
worse than folly. When Governor Mc-
Klnley talks of the homes of the American
.wage earners and points out how his tariff
law protected them from the poverty and
hopeless misery of the workers of Europe
he undoubtedly has in mind the homes In
which the women ns well as the men arc
compelled to"swnd the day nt the mill or
factory. The strength and safety ot the
republic Is In Its homes. Destroy them by
compelling all to become wngo earners and
half the strength Is gone. All this Is
laughed at here anil called sentlmentallsm ,
and Its advocates sentimentalists. At home
wo called it looking after the general wcl-
lare of the people.
OLD NOTTINGHAM.
I cannot-close without a word about old
Nottingham , ono of the oldest and most re
markable cities In England. At one time
Nottingham enjoyed the distinction of being
the most drunken city In England. I was
there for a couple of Q3aya this year. Goose
Fair week , and the people seemed determined
to keep up Ita bachanallan reputation. I
never saw so much good-hearted , jovial
Inebriation before. Thousands came in from
the country round about and prodigious
quantities of ale- must have been consumed.
The principal part of Goose Fair Is hold on
tha market place , the largest , by the way , In
England. From this center the booths and
tents run In every direction. It Is Indeed a
curious and Interesting" sight to see vast
heaps of every variety of food piled up on
these stalls and upon the ground. Then , of
course , comes the other attractions of a
country fair , Including- side shows of all de
grees' The freaks of England seem let loose
In Nottingham , market place. Anything
"goes" during fair week , nnd the genial
policeman seems to debate the question of
locking up drunkards with the convivial law
breakers themselves on the street corners ,
Walking through a narrow court leading
to the market place , called the Shambles , I
notteed a curious looking oil painting in wood
In front of a very low and very ancient
butcher's shop. It turned out to be a fair
portrait of the unfortunate young Netting
ham poet. Henry Kirk White. In vain I
endeavored to Interview the busy butcher In
relation lo this portrait , but all I could
learn was that In this tumbled down old
place the melancholy pcet first saw light ,
March 21 , 17S5. There was something so
Incongruous In the old-fashioned , refined
scholarly head -J4u adorning a butcher's
shop In the city Shambles. The author of
"Clifton Orovp" Is hardly known In his own
dear Nottingham nnd a visit to four book
sellers failed to produce a copy of his works.
One clerk said he believed there was an
18-nenny edition ol White published , but
there was no call for It In the great center
o ( machine made lace. And this of the
poet who suiif ? ot Nottingham :
When splendor offers , nnd when fame In
cites ,
I'll pause , nnd think of all thy dear de
lights ,
Reject the- boon , and weary'd with the
change ,
Remove the wish which first Induced to
range.
Turn to those scenes , these well known
scenes once more ,
Trace once again old , Trent's romantic
shore.
Poor White died young1. Though the son
ol a butcher he rose rapidly to fame and
left enough classical poetry to stimulate
speculation as to what he might have- done
had ho lived the allotted lite of man. Any
how , his classic face should not adorn a
tumbled down butcher's shop and his works
deserve something better than an 18-penny
edition not on sale.
sale.JIOBERT
JIOBERT P , PORTER.
rirrxe uii.nE.in.
Eugene field In Crtlcaem rteconl.
See wlml a wondtfrful ganlen l here.
Plant cl and tilmmed for my I.lttte-Oh-Uoirl
I'osles mi gaudy nrul grass of tiuch brawn
Search ye thi * country and hunt ye the
town ,
And never ye'll meet with n garden so queer
Aa this one I've made for my LJttle-Oh-
Dear !
Marigolds red , ami buttercups blue ,
I.Uiea all dabbled In honey and dew.
The cactus- that trails over trellis uml wall ,
Itoales and panslea anil violets all
Make proper obeisance nnd reverent cheer
When Into her grurcJert steps Llttle-Oh-Dear !
Arul up at the top of that lavender tree
A silver bird slneeth as only can she ;
For , ever anil only , uho slngotli the song ,
"I love you I I love you ! " the happy day
long !
Then Yhe echo the echo that smlteth me
here :
I love you-I love you , my Llttle-Oh-Denrt
The garden may wither , the silver bird fly
Hut what car th my little precious , or IT
From her pathway of ilowers that in spring-
Unit upstart ,
Site walke-th the tenderer way In my heart !
And , oh I It Is alwaj-H the summertime here.
With that Bong of "I love you , " my Lltlle-
Oregon Kidney Tea. cure * backach * . Trial
U cents. AH flrujglsts.
Take' ' Take
Off. Off.
Off-Sale.
We Take Off the Trices ,
The People Take Olf tlie Goods.
CENTS PER-DAY
IS WHAT WE TAKE OFF.
ffc TAKE m That tfueh for TO
TAKE OFF SALE created much merriment
and excitement among the eager throng1 of buyers on
Saturday , and bargains such as were never known
*
before were carried away by our enthusiastic friends
the people. . /
-AS ADVERTISED .
We placed on this immense counter Saturday morn
ing goods from every department in our store.and
guaranteed that not an article had ever been sold by
us or matched elsewhere for less than sr.oo. Sat
urday's price , 6c ; The same goods , excepting what
was sold on Saturdaywill'be on this counter Monday , '
AND MONDAY'S AND MONDAY'S
PRICE PRICE
WILL BE . WILL BE
Every artiple guaranteed to be $1.00 goods and over.
Hkndkerchife , in lots ol 6 to 12 64c
Ufcderwear " " " 2 " 4 64c
Hosiery , " ' ' " 3 " 6 64o
China-and Glassware 04o
Remnants of Silks and Dress Goods 64o
New ( Press Goods. . . - , G4o
Fine Silks 64o
i T New- things will nlso"bc added for sale on Monday ,
Come eaily andjjli'y , before your cMc3 Is sold , DELAYS ARE DAXuEROUS.
SPECIAL SALE Diy Goods Co. SPECIAL SALE
MONDAY
BKanlicts Try our Mail Order Dept. DUESSGOODS.
anl Comforts. . . GOODS.
AscntB for Butterlck's Patterns and Publications.
TIIll VHUHCIIHS.lXn T1TK
Contributed.
The question of the proper atUtude of the
churches toward state education la ono which
apparently will not down. In spite ot many
protests against this discussion and In spite
of a good many vigorous dentals that church
people-are thinking oC this at all , It la very
certainly evident that Intelligent men and
women are very carefully considering Just
why they should contribute by their taxes
to the maintenance of the state system
ot education and then be put under forced
contributions. In a sense , to some minor
Institution tit their particular church , Nor
are laymen , alone thinking ot thesematters. .
The clergy In most of the western states
Eeeril to be exceedingly doubtful as to
whether there should be added to the burden
ot the erection ot church .buildings and main
tenance of church organizations In new states
the further burden , v/hlch certainly at times
eeema unnecessary , of maintaining n distinct
system of education Inferior to that which
tlis state stands reidy to offer without money
and without price.
One ot the most remarkable utterances on
this subject Is to be found In a sermon
preached by Hev. Dr. E , O. Updike of the
Plrst Congregational church , Madison , WIs. .
early last month , which has received a largo
circulation In pamphlet form. Ilia theme
was "Christianity and the State University "
lie held that the church could not bs true
to Its mission unless It was profoundly In
terested In the welfare of the state , and the
state. It It was patriotic and public spirited ,
would also be interested In the success of
the church ; that each , when Ideal , Is of the
people , by the pepple and for the people ;
and that there is really no reason for an
tagonism of any kind. The atata differs from
the church in that It li an Institution Into
which all men are born and with which all
men must "tie Identified , whether they will or
not ; whllo no one Is compelled to be a mem
ber of the church. Tha state seems to ba
as truly part of the divine plan as tha churcJi
Itselt.
The distinction ot sacred and secular In
most Instances Is a pernicious one , The
whole ot a man's llfo ought to be sacred , not
only on Sunday and at prayer meeting , but
In the business , political and social world.
The safety of the atate depending upon an
Intelligent citizenship , it has/ come to be gen
erally admitted that the state has p great
work to do In publlcteducation. . There was
never a wiser provision than when public
schools were estabUskhin ancl made * dependent
upon the taxes levjed upon the property of
all ; when , the rich men were made to help
educate poor men'tr-'sons. ' The- question of
state education , andstfrte / higher education
Is in , hU opinion no longer debatable.
Dr. Updike admitted that he had once
shared the views Wttldfr so many ministers
in Christian churches seem to hold of educa
tion by the BUter--Uut ho saltl when one
sees the really gooi\iyrprk \ , that a State unl-
verilty la doing , and when he considers the
larger work that it''n ' ay do If it only has
the co-operation ailft Sympathy of the bes' '
people ol the state , , fhe- . whole question pre
aents an entirely different aspect. Ono
feela Instinctively-'that ' nothing mus
stand in the way 6f'dUh ' a great and bena
flcent work. It tatasfl % , Brcat deal of money
today to thoroughly ttiuu > a university. Te-n
millions of dollars Is scarcely too much. The
smaller schools In 1h'State may say that an
earnest faculty nn4 , | blo instructors make a
college , and that millions do not count , but
this no longer answora for argument with
bright , quick-witted , young men. Every
educated man knows teat he receives quite
is much from contact with a largo body of
jtudents. and from opportunities In well-
equipped libraries and laboratories as he pos
sibly can from Teachers or text Txwks. And
so It I * coming to be moro and moro a seri
ous question with all church schools , not
heavily endowed , as to how they can be sup
ported and. mods to compete1 at ill favorably
with Institutions that have back ot them the
property ot a whole commonwealth.
There l& another question vrblch Dr , Up
dike said was intensely practical , every
member ol the church Is also a citizen. He
muat da his part In sustaining the educa
tional work of the state , and when he comes"
In addition to that to be obliged to contribute
to his own. church school , either the burden
la too great or the school falls of anything
Ilk * proper endowment. College * ol tha
weaker class must always look for endow
ments from rich men ; but it will require
a vast number of rich men , giving all their
fortunes , to build up those smaller schools
n any state , so that they can In any sense
take rank with < ttio State university. There
s really no demand for BO many schools at
the present time. There might be some
grounds of Justification If the several de
nominations would unite their forces on the
basla ot building up one.distinctively Chris
tian college. But a combination , of all the1
church schools In the state would not equal
one-half of what the state has Invested In
ts university. The practical side ot this
question Is easily gathered from the remark
of a prominent minister In one of the cleiiom-
nations in Nebraska : "There are ministers
all over this state whose salaries are In
arrears and unpaid because the congrega-
.lons have been compelled to contribute to
the maintenance of an inferior school , when
the university , with all of Us larger oppor-
unltlea , lies open at their hand. "
Dr. Updike felt that Itwas a very unwise - <
wise thing for Christian people , and espe
cially for Christian educators , to draw away
"rom the university astsome of them are
now doing ; and a very inconsistent thing for
them to draw away in this manner and then
cause the report to go out that the university
a unchristian. , He held that It Is the- duty
of the church lo project as much of Its life
as possible Into the state , through all the In
stitutions of the Btata , It was a strange
thing. Indeed , for the church to say to young
people , "Come to these Inferior schools and
we will look after you , but If you go elsu-
where you can take care of yourselves. "
The poorest kind of a policy on the part of
the churches , the most unreasonable
thing and unchristian thing for any
people to do. Is to let l.GOO ot
the brightest yonng men and women df the
stnto feel that they no longer had the inter
of the Christian men anil women of the
state , because they are not willing or are not
able to attend thesd minor schools. There Is
probably not a denomination In the state that
has not more of Its own ppiplo In the State
university than In Its own church school , ami
yet It Is doing practically nothing for them.
The spfaker s remedy for the present con
dition was not to disband the minor schools
on the other hand , nor on the other to at
tempt to bring them Into competition with
the university. Most of , , them are at least
on tha basis of fair academies , nnd as such
ara doing good work , nut ho suggested that
each denomination should build a dormitory
or church-homo near the State university.
This home could be made a re
ligious center. In every such dorml
tory there would be one or moo
teachers who could take Intellectual
rank with the best in the univer
sity , and who should have In charge cer
tain branches , apeclflcally religious or de
nominational , not covered by the university
course. It would not bo difficult to make ar
rangements by which these studies could be
substituted for other elective studies In a
regular university course. If desired. Such
an equipment would not cost any one denoml
nation anything Ilka the sum which they
are spending for Inferior education under
mbarrasslng circumstances.
Dr. Updike felt that there could bo no
better place for theological schools than by
the sldo of a great State university , and that
the Intellectual stimulus of the university la
th best 'possible stimulus that a student
can have while fitting for his work. This
would end at once the thread-bare cry that
state universities furnish a-very small num
ber of young men for the ministry , Under
the circumstances , the speaker said , It was a
wonder that they furnished any. When the
church Ignores the state schools and leaves
them to take care of themselves and then
complains because they do not turn out more
candidates for the ministry , It "is Intensely
Inconsistent.
The sermon closed with the statement that
the State universities have come to atny ,
that to Ignore what the state has done and Is
doing and to go on making plans to build
up unnecessary denominational schools ,
when the same money Invested elsewhere
would do tert times the good , la a squander
ing of God's money , for which some ac
count will have to bo rendered. No one. he
said , would think of asking well-endowed
church schools to disband ; but the poor ,
struggling , poverty-stricken colleges , scat
tered through all tha western states ,
that have no outlook , that muat continue to
beg1 as long as. they live , and that frequently
only live to beg- , and that cannot hope to do
Every pair of Chenille at $5 ,
$6 and $6.50 goes into the base
ment Monday morning at $3.40
per pair. Take your choice.
All new colors and new goods.
Nottingham Laces that have
sold at $2 , $2.25 , $2.75 , $3.50
and $4 , all in one lot in base
ment at $1.25 per pair. Some
fine curtains in this lot.
Lambrequin Lace Curtains ,
one at a window , 55c each.
Chenille Table Covers , 11-2
yards square , at 43c each.
CARPET CO
Burlington
NEW
SHORT
|
. _ , .
r. 2T3tja3xroiJ3 Conoral Passenger Agent , OMAHA , NED.
but inferior work , would better se
riously consider the proposition whether they
might not do more good either by becoming
veil-equipped preparatory schools , or by tak-
ng their small endowment and with It erect
. church liomo near the State university , and
, o took after a great number of their own
oung people , of whom they now assert that
hey have little religious education.
IIUIIIVAZ. .IND THCAHATJV.
Sol Smith nussell Is worth $400,000.
Crana will shortly produce "The Pacific
lall. "
Richard Harding Davis Is at work on his
rst play , which 15. II. Southern may pro-
uce.
uce.Alexander
Alexander Salvlnl is to make a tour of
: n rope.
Denman Thompson will retire at the end
f this ztaton and make George Wilson his
luccessor as Uncle Josh
The manager of the excavations at tha
ruins of Delphi has Informed the academy of
Paris at the discovery of moro fragments of
ho Hymn to Apollo.
Zoln has agreed to write an opera libretto
n four acts for the Paris Grand Opera In
collaboration with M. Driinenii , who helped
ilm In dramatizing "Uno Page d'Amour , "
It is to be ready In tha spring.
Sir Arthur Sullivan has returned to Lon
don lor the winter , with his health restored.
He will immediately flnitli the music for
'King ' Arthur. "
Mme. Fannie Bloomdeld Zclsler , the
famous Chicago pianist , is making another
tour ol Germany , After appearing In a num
ber of the smaller towns she will visit Berlin
October 28 and 29 , In connection with the
Philharmonic concert. Before she returns to
her home she will play In concerts In Ger
many. Holland , Austria , Denmark and
Switzerland.
The German emperor has just completed
a one-act opera , based upon an old German
historical episode. The libretto was worked
up by Count Philip Eulilenbergand edited by
Baron Wlldenbauch. It Is proposed to have
the opera performed bcforo a select circle
at the royal residence bcforo submitting It
to public criticism.
Lawrence Irving , the actor's son , having
made a mark on the stage , Is ambitious to
shine as a dramatist. Several brief plays ol
which he is the author have been performed
at matinees In London , and he has now written
ton an elaborate one-act drama , founded on
one ol Swinburne's poems , with a leper as
the heroine. Henry Irving has bought the
play and may produce It at the Lyceum ,
"Whllo down In the southwestern part of
the state some time ago , " says Mr. W. dial
in era. editor of the Chlco ( Cal. ) Enterprise ,
I had an attack ol dysentery. Having heard
of Chamberlain's Colic , Cholera and Diar
rhoea Remedy I bought a bottlo. A couple ol
doses of it completely cured me. Now I am
a champion of that remedy lor all stomacli
and bowel complaints. " For sale by drug' '
gists ,
Accorllng to recent statistics there are
about 2,000 women In this country who ere
practicing medicine , 01 these only 180 are
homcopathists. Most of these medical
women are ordinary practitioners ; there are ,
however , 70 hospital physicians or surgeons ,
95 professors In the schools , 010 specialists
for the diseases of women , 70 alienists. CS
orthopedlits , 40 oculists and aurlats , and
finally , 30 electro-lhcrapnutlsts. There are
tun medical KChools devoted exclusively to
the training of women.
Prof. Henry Gibbons of Amherst has
been elected to the professorship of Latin
literature at the University ol Pennsylvania.
Prof , ( llhbonsj wu graduated at Amherst
In 172.
OMAHA CHARITY ASSOCIATION.
Annual Jloporto of tlio SoeretHry unil Trenii-
uror TJio Work Accc > inilllioil. |
At the recent meeting of the Omaha , Char
ity association , which sustains the Creche ,
the secretary , Miss S. J. Barrows , niado the
following report :
Once more we meet to chronicle the gains
and losses ot the months gone by and con
sult how best to meet the duties and ncods
ol the coming year. Although the universal
financial distress has made aerlous Inroads
on our receipts , yet we have succeeded BO
ar In escaping debt and In keeping the
IOQSO open , We have even ventured on
omo much needed repairs In and about the
sliding , such ns papering , painting and
iOino carpenter work , In nil of which we
ere helped by generous friends ,
ho city laid a stone walk around
he bull-ding , which necessitated coma
filling In , and mason work , but the Improvo-
nent In looks and comfort repaid the ex >
lendlture. In November , 1893 , the subject
f a kindergarten for the children too young
'or admission to the public schools was
brought up and the result wax the establish
ment of such a school with Miss Drake as
eaclier , which was continued about flvo
months , when the teacher resigned , and , by
special permit from Superintendent Fltz-
patrlck , the children were sent to the
Lcavenworth kindergarten an arrangement
which has been very satisfactory to all con
cerned , with the pxceptlon of an epidemic ot
measles and mumps In the spring , which
passed away , leaving no III effects. The
majority of the parents have been generally
prompt In their paymcntu.
At our September meeting much discussion
was held as to the best meant ) of raising
money to carry us through the winter and It
was decided that an appeal should be made
through the newspapers , which was done , and
the result was very encouraging. Some of
the ladles visited the coal dealers and ob
tained several tons of coal. Donations of
sheen , dry goods and provisions were also
received , and J37.CO In cash. It Is evident
that the people have a mind to give , but the
hurt ] tlmcH and consequent demands on their
pur sea from all quarters niako their dona
tions much smaller than they would other
wise be. Our great reliance must still ba on
the parents of the children and their ability
to obtain work. Applications far the ad
mission of children are Increasing every
vcck and there ID every Indication that the
Creche will bo tnxed to Its utmost capacity
during tlio winter , and we can only trust for
the ftitlire aa we liavo In the past , that the
worthiness of the cause will raise up friends
( or It who will lend a helping hand to save
these little ones from being- sent back to
starvation and neglect. The largest number
or children In the house at ono
time was sixty-three In October of
last year , and the smallest' number , thirty-
nine in July last. At present every
bed is filled. And so wo enter upon our new
year with many gleams of sunshlno among
the shadows , giving us courage to go forward
In the work , taking this for our watchword ,
" 'For Oed and Humanity. "
The report of the treasurer , Ada. T , Walker ,
was :
UKCRII'TR
On ha nil October > , 1893 , . | 1ST 03
Hrcelrml from Cn-che. , J.K'A 70
Itecelvrd from donation * IB 21
JUrelveU rrum monthly account MOD
ItecelveU from mtmUrnhlii IT 00
from entertainments , , . 294 I )
lleceik'ed from klmlcrKiirten , , , , . JO 00
ICoctrU-ed from ml crlltmeou . . . , , IS 01
Total .II.3K if ?
KXI'KNUITUIIBH.
I'.iM for matron nn < l help , . , . ,1 D91 78
I'al'l for rrncrrleM nnd provision * 7IS n
1'al.l for men ! , , , 1X40
I'ul.l fur coal. , 23125
1'ltlcl fur Kli , . . . . . , , 2434
1'uUI for rrpulru , . , , . 1JO S
J'ul.l for klnderKurten. H VI
J'dl.l for dry noo-lu and nundrlri 4 40
llaUnc * on hand October 1 , l 9i. . , , , , . , , . M 21
Total K531 it
