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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 12, 1894)
TTTtt ( WATTA DATT.Y Pitt ? " RTTlVnAV. ATTHTTST 19. Aa OBsinatfon of Kim Ok Kinn and How It Affected the Kobolllon. LIKE A ROMANCE OF THE DARK AGES The Flrnt Coinplrto Itrcoril of Ilia GrcnUlt lllilorltnl TntReily of Till * ( Jrnern- tlun Cliriklnj ; the Uroirth of \\CHtaru C'lvlllraitlon , ( Cop > Hunted. HOI , by frank a. Carpenter. ) SEOUL , Corca. July 25. ( Special Cor- rcspondencc ut The Ucc. ) One of the causes of tlio troiiljlc between Japan and Clilna , and tlio beginning , In fact , of tlio present rebellion In Corca , was the assassination of Kim Ok Kiuii at Shanghai. Kim Ok Klun , after Ills famous conspiracy In Corca , llcil to Japan , and lie was for a long time under the protection of the Japanese government. Ho was Involglul over to Shanghai , and was there assassinated by a friend of the king of Corra. Japan utmost claimed him ns a sub ject , and she thought that his murderer and Ills remaltiH should liuvo been carried to Toklo. LI Hung Chang aided the Coreans In transporting tin in to this placa , and the mal treatment of the body of Kim wan probably foreseen by LI Hung Chang when he gave the order for the Chinese vessel of war to carry the body to Corca. This country Is a etrangc mixture of barbarism and civiliza tion. It Is almost Incredible that these people ple , whose souls are full of poetry , whoso tastes are , I believe , naturally rcflncd , and who prldo themselves on being disciples of Confucius , should act In the way they did with Kim Ok Klun. Ills body was brought hero to Corcu. It was cut Into pieces and the different parts of It have been can led over tuo country and hung up as a warning to traitors abovu the biggest gates of the larg est of the Co mm cities. Seoul went mad with Joy when the news came of the assassina tion. Iluslnoa.s was suspended and the court devoted Itself to feasting and dancing. I am told that 150 of those frail professional maid ens known as gesang or dancing girls were brought Into the palace In a ninglc night , and when I came h T3 the other day from Chemulpo I passed ono of these almond-eyed beauties going back home after her carousal at the capital. Slio was on hoacbick , riding astride , and nho had a couple of servants with her. uoMANcn or THC DAUK AGES. The tale of Kim Ok Klun's life and death roads more Ilko a romance of the dark ages than the story of actual doings In this year of our Lord eighteen nlnoty-fotir. It will have a grc.it Inlliicncn upon Corc.i's future , and In It are comprised eventn which have materially affected the governments of this part of the \.orld. China and Japan are mixed up In It , and It Is largely the cause of the war clouds which are now hovering over Asia. Knssl i la deeply concerned by It , and England Is now trembling at the possibility of Its results upon her Indian empire. This llttlo land of Corea Is the Key to eastern Asia. If the czar gets his hold upon It China will probably be subjugated by the Russians , and a door will be opened for a Russian army Into Hlndoostan and Ilurmah. Corca Is within only a few hours' sail of Japan. It Is septrated from China by a wall of stakes. The lower boundary of Siberia touches It , and Russia , Japan and China would all be glad to call Corca theirs. The most famous statesmen of the Japanese em pire were , It Is said , behind Kim Ok Klun's rebellion , and It Is charged that a Japanese led the rebels In the fights with the king's troops of a few days ago. The rebellion of ten years ago and the re- ' 'belllon of today are In the Interests of mod ern progress , us far as tlio Jap-incso are con cerned , and there Is no doubt but that Corea will come out of the fight In a better condi tion than she has over been In the past. Kim Ok Klun got his Idea of changing the Corcan government and of the Introduction of western civilization through his residence In Japan. He saw what had been done there , and ho tried to play the same game In Corea. Less than a generation ago Japan was in al most as barbarous a condition as China Is to day. It was ruled by feudal lords , and tholr soldiers went about maltreating the common people as they pleased. The mikado was merely a puppet In the hands of the army , and the real ruler was the commamler-ln- chlof of the troops. Now Japan Is one of the civilized lands of the face of the globeIt lias a postal system as good as ours. It has adopted the national banking sjstem. Its common schools and universities are every where. Its people have their Parliament and ovary Japanese has his rights. The cities turn out newspapers by the million a year , and property Is safe. The country Is making money. It Is ono of the richest on the globe , and Its public debt Is practically nothing. The story of Us change Is the most wonderful page of history. There Is nothing like It. In the space of less than thirty years It has jumped further on the road to civiliza tion than any other nation has done In cen turies , and today It Is moro civilized than any country outside of Europe , except the United States. It has a fine army and a powerful navy , and It Is a giant which may make China , notwithstanding her millions , lneol. This revolution was accomplished by Japanese statesmen , men who held such posi tions as Kim Ok Klun held In Corea , and It was from them that Kim got his Idea of revolutionizing his own country. TUG HERMIT KINGDOM. Corea , like Japan , was for jenrs shut out from the rest of the world. Foreigners dared not land upon Its shores. No one knew any thing about the land , In fact , until twelve years ago , when our own Admiral Shufeldt made the first treaty and opened the country to the civilized world. Commodore Perry , you know , opened Japan , and the fact that America was the first to open Corca and that It has always been friendly to the country Is ono of the reasons why the king would Ilko to have the United States step In and help him In his present trouble. Heforo Corca had been opened , however , Klin Ok Klun had told the king of the wonderful changes that were going on In Japan. He had fled there secretly In order to study Its civilization , and. In connection with another Corean named So Kwang Pom , had spent some years In the country. They came back with the Idea of Inducing the king to adopt the now civilization. At this time , however , the king's father was practically the ruler of Corea. Ho Is a bad man , and ho hates Christianity and western methods. Ho killed thousands of i alive Christians , and he charged Klin with trying to Introduce Christianity Into Corca , The result was that Kim came near losing his head , and ho had to floe. The king's father , In fact , fomented a rebellion , and during this the Chinese troops were called by him Into Corca nominally to pro tect the kingdom. Ho hail all along favored China , and during this rebellion ho tried to have the queen killed. Ho failed In this , und It waa through her family and friends that the revolution did not succeed and the king was made the real ruler of the people. The king's father was banished. He hai s nee returned to Corea , and I aw dim riding In state the other day through the main street of Seoul. Seoul.PLANTING PLANTING WESTEUN IDEAS. Attar the rebellion was over Kim Ok Klun mid So Kwang Pom came back here. They aided. I think , In making the treaty with the United States , and begun to plan for the introduction of modern civilization. Am bassadors were sent to Washington , and they returned ( nil of new Ideas and schemes for the modernization of the country. The chief of these ambassadors was Prince Mln to YonR Ik , who la related to both king and queen , and who was one of the most Influ ential of the progressionists. Thj foreigners from all the greatest nations established themselves at the capital , and Corea seemed to bo on the same road as Japan. Kim had at this time tin Implicit confidence of hU majesty. Ho was head of the colonization department , was vlco president of the for eign office , and had undertaken the estab lishment of a modern postal system for the country. He had begun to build a mint. Electric- lights had been ordered from Amer ica for the palace , and a body of Corean cadets had been sent from Japan and drilled by the soMUrn there. They bad come back , mil tha king had given them Important post- ilooa In the pilaco. The Chinese Initructora of the troop * had been rtlsmUsed , and Gal ling gun * were ordered from America. In the meantime , the anll-forclnn spirit began to rise. The Chinese saw that they and their civilization were losing ground every day. They felt that Corca waa dip ping away from them , and they did all they could to foment trouble. They soon had a party In their favor. Prince Mln Yong Ik changed his policy , and leaned toward the Chinese , and the country wan In a short time divided upon the lines of progress and anti-progress , or , In other words , upon those of China and Japan , It Is divided In the earns way today. China represents the old regime , Japan stands In the place of mod ern progress ( and civilization. There are two parties now , as thcro were then , and It may be said that these parties are h'adcd by the families of the king and queen. The queen's family Is very ntrong In Corea. The chief officials who have been squsozlng the country to death belong to It , and I am told that they favor the Chinese. They did so ten years ago , and It was through them that a largo part of the king's revenue went to the paying of Chinese troops , who traveled about the country acting In the most Impudent manner. Kim Ok Klun saw with alarm the growth of this Chinese ele ment As vice president of the foreign of fice ho had to pay the bills of many con tracts which were made with the Japanese , but there was no money In the treasury. Ho decided to overthrow the existing gov ernment , to celzo the king , and , through him , rule Corel after modern methods Ho had Influential friends to help him , and his conspiracy came to a head just about ten years ago. ago.TUB TUB KIM nniJULLION. It was the night of December 4 , 1881. The new postal service had just been opened. Tha first mall had been sent that day from hero to the scacoast at Chemulpo , and the new postmaster general was giving n dinner In honor of the event. The leading foreign ers had rushed In and taken up their resi dence In Seoul as soon as the country was opened , and a party of these noble Coreans and generals were at the table doing justice to the feast. The dinner was at Its height , when an alarm of fire was raised and It was reported that the house of the crown prince was In flames. Now , according to the cus- torn of this country , ono of the two generals- In-chlefa of the army has to go to every fire that occurs In the capital. He organizes the forces for Its suppression and reports upon It to the king. General Mln Yong Ik rose from the table and rushed for Ills horse. A few moments later he was brought back with his body covered with blood. He had a saber cut across his face , and a half-doren serious wounds upon his person. Dr II. N. Allen , an Ohio man , then connected with I the Presbyterian Medical mission here , was | called In. He took charge of him , and It was by his .skill that an almost miraculous cure was effected No Corean could have saved him , and It was through this treatment that Dr. Allen became- the most Influential fort elgnor In Corea. The King and queen treat him almost as one of their family , and It Is through him that the American missions have so prospered , and that the In fluence of the United States Is today superior I to that of any other nation In the world [ but that Is another story In the meantime , while this was going ! on , Kim Ok Klun and one of his confederates ran to the palace. They stationed the Japanese cadets at the gates and permitted no one but their friends to enter. They 'told the king Ui.itj the Chinese soldiers were going to overthrow the government and capture him. They charged some of the olllclals with being In the plot and urged him to ( lee with them. General Han was present. Ho objected to the king going with Kim , | whereupon Kim kicked him and told him ho was a traitor to the king. His majesty be lieved Kim's story and ho gave him his royal seal. Kim took this and sent for the most Influential of his enemies. As soon as they arrived at the palace they were totd to go to a certain room , where the king was , and as they entered the door Kim's cadets sliced off their heads. The king had before this been taken to another part of the palace , and word was sent to the Japanese legation asking for Its troops to come to the palace to protect the king. In the meantime the Chinese legation saw what was going on. They wore. I think , under the same man who is now minister to Corea , and who , by the way , Is one of the shrewdest diplomats in the world , and who has. I am told , all the arro gance and the Impudence that the Chinaman shows w henover ho gets tlio upper hand. With his troops lie attempted to take the palace. The Coreans came to his assistance and Klin saw that the game was up. He fled first with the king to a temple back of the palace , but the next day he allowed the Chinese , to get possession of his majesty , and surrounded by his Japanese guard , fled to Chemulpo and sailed for Japan. Since then ho has been under the protection of the Japanese govern ment , and It Is only through them that his life has been preserved so long. ASSASSINATION OK KIM. The true story of Kim Ok Klun's taking off has not been told. I get It almost di rect from his assassin. He Is now nom inally In prison , and he cannot bo brought into the presence of the king until thirty days from the time when his hands have touched a dead body. This is according to Corean custom. Ho Is well treated , however - over , * and when a month has passed every one expects that ho will be called to court and receive a high ofllclal position for his bloody murder. This man's life would make a plot for a dime novel , and his as sassination of Kim was done not because ho hated him , but In order that he might carry out a pet scheme of vengeance , which has , I am told , been the mainspring of his ac tion for years. The man who gave mo my Information Is a Corean official from the northein part of the country , who Is a close friend of the assassin and who was In Seoul at the time of Kim's rebellion. He came tome mo almost directly after a talk with the as sassin , and the man told him just how ho had killed Kim at Shanghai , and gloated over It as he related why he did It. A more villainous act I never heard described. The assassin's name Is Hong Chong Woo. Ho is a man of about -10 jears of age. Ho was born near here , and when ho was still young his father moved to the Island of Quclpart. Hero Hong got an cilice. He waa a very unjust official and he levied all sorts of unfair taxes. He squeercd the people until they wore almost starving , and at last they arcae In rebellion and mobbed him. In the melee Hong's mother was killed. The story of his oppressions get ting out Hong saw that ho cnuld no longer stay In Quelpart , and ho went away , vow a ing vengeance upon the people whom ho had oppressed. Ho told his friends that ho was going to Japan and that ho proposed to a learn all about modern civilization. He would come back In the course of years to Seoul and get an appointment under the king. By the aid of his knowledge he would tax district at Quelpart , and ho would then squeeze- the life out of the people who had killed his mother. This story will sound like a talc of Munchauscn's when read In the United States. It does not sound so strange here At any rate , Hong went to Jutian. Ho studied French and Japanese there until he became a good enough French scholar to trans late Corenn books Into the French and to make money cut of them. With this money ho went to Paris , and he landed there with only $12 In his pocket. His knowledge of French and Corcan gave him work with the missionary societies of the Cathollo church , and he also did work and became the friend of Pierre Hyaclnthc. Ho accumulated money , and after a time re ' turned to Japan. In the meantime the rebellltm of Kim Ok Klun occurred. Klin was staying In Yokohama , protected by Jap anese guards , lions saw that through killIng - Ing him he might gain the favor of the king and get the ofllce which would accomplish his schema of vengeance. . He sought Kim out. He wormed his way Into bin confi dence. He pretended to want to overthrow the Corean government. At the same time he privately told tha minister from Corea to Toklo that ho thought Kim ought to bo killed , und that ho was ready do It. The legitlon became convinced of his sincerity , and they first attempted with him to take Kim to Corea alive. They gave him a din ner at a tea house In Yokohama , where there wore plenty of gesangs and plenty of wine. The scheme was to get him drunk , propose a ride to cool off , to capture htm ' during the ride , carry him to a ship and take htm to Corea. everything went well up to the time of getting Into Jlnrlklslias for the ride. Hero It failed , because the men from the Corcan legation were not on time. EXECUTING Till : PLOT. Then Hong planned the assassination at for Shanghai. He had great trouble In Retting ttlin to leave Japan , and It vru only through persuading him that ho bad the money by irhlch he could organize another revolution In Corca that ho sot him to go. Kim thought that II he had $10,000 ho could get enough Japanese troops to go with him to Corea to conquer the country. Ho knew that the Corcan soldiers were no good and realized that the people were on the verge of rebellion. Hong pretended he had the money In a Trench bank at Shanghai , and he showed Kim ft forged check upon this bank for $3,000. Ho told Kim that thcro were many Hussions In Shanghai , and that during his stay In Franco ho had learned many things about the schemes of Russia. He mid that the Htis- slans were building the Trans-Siberian rail road In order to take Corca first and after ward China. He said that they were looking about for a good strong Corcan general to help them , and that by meeting the Russians at Shanghai Klin could In all probability have the command of their forces. In this and other way ho at last persuaded him to leave Japan. He acted so that Kim had full faith In him , going so far as to even present htm with a sword cane , and telling him ho must have this always with him , so that ho could use It If attacked by any Coroans at Shanghai. On the trip Hong paid all the bills and he turn la lied Klin with money for his expenses at Shanghai. The two had rooms at ono of the good hotels , and It was In Kim's own room that Hong shot him Kim was lying down in his chair readIng - Ing and Hong walking up and down the room pretending tint ho was much Interested In a book. During the walk He got behind Kim's chair and then pulled a revolver and shot him again and again , killing him at the third or fourth shot. You have all read how the Chinese authorities protected him , and how by LI Hung Chang's order both he and the dead remains or Klin were taken to Corca. All this was barbarous enough , but perhaps the most barbarous of all re mains to be told. CAHVINO THE CORPSE. . I refer to the treatment of Kim Ok Klun's body. It was landed In Corea shortly before I reached here , and I sailed up the Han river the other day ptst the spot upon which ho was mutilated. The body was taken by the Chinese vessel of war to a port near Che mulpo : , and It was brought up this river by a deputation from the king. There Is a point about three miles from Seoul , where Klin crossed this stream during his flight from the country after his rebellion. In a hut ' bcsldo this place the body was left over night. The next day It was taken from Its collln , stripped of Its clothes , and laid face downward upon the ground Then a murderer murderers always perform the part of exe cutioners in Corca cut the corpse Into six pieces with a blunt sword. An eye witness has told me how It was done. Said he : Tlrst tbo head was chopped off , then the left hand was cut oft at tlio wrist , next the right hand nt the wrist , and then the left and right feet. The hair was unloosed from the top knot , which ornaments every Corcan crown , and the head was tied by the hair with the feet and hands to the crossings of three poles , which were propped against each oth ° r like these of a tont. The bloody trunk was left lying on the ground below these. Then , upon the coffin , which \ stood near by , and upon the poles , were fastened strips of paper , bearing In largo 1 ; Corean characters the crime of Klin and a denunciation of his deed. For three days the remains were left In this condition , and the Japanese photographer of Seoul took a picture of them , which lies before me , and I have had a sketch made by my Corean artist from the photograph. At the end of the ' three days the remains were taken down and they are now well on their way through all parts of Corea. They ara carried by the king's royal couriers and six of these men have each a piece which they are bearing to and from the governors of the six leading provinces of the country. Each governor will receive his portion of the dead body with fitting ceremonies , and for three days It will bo hung over the main gate of his capital city as a warning to traitors After this time it will bo taken down and will be given back to the courier , who will carry It to the mountain of Clio PI San. This mountain Is about sixty miles from Seoul. , Here the different couriers will meet some weeks from now and deposit the remains which time , decay and the birds have left of the body. They will throw It on the spot which Is considered the most disgrace ful of this dishonorable mountain. It Is , I am told , the only mountain In Corea which does not point IU head toward Seoul , and this lack of consideration for the majesty of the king probably causes It to bo the place upon which the remains of all executed rebels are thrown. STAND AND DELIVER. Ono of the most curious things that I good insight Into Corean character and tha condition of the country , was In relation to . | tha couriers who are carrying about this ' t dead human flesh. A prominent Corean said to me yesterday : "These couriers will earn a great deal of money by carrying Kim's body from place to place. " "How so ? " said I. "I suppose the king pays them well. " "No , " was the reply. "They don't get It from the king. The king will know nothing about It , but they will earn It on the road. Each courier Is , you know , on the king's business , and according to law it would be almost death to retard him. The couriers will travel very slowly and they will levy a tax on every man they meat. Take , for In stance , the man who Is carrying the bloody and now half-decomposed head. Ho has to take It to ono of the southern provinces , and ho could go there In ten days. It will probably take him a month , and he will earn money all the way. Suppose he comes to the door of a rich man's house. Ho will stop there , knock on the- door , and tell the rich man that ho Is tired , and that ho would Ilko to rest In the neighborhood for a day or BO. He will lay the bloody head down en the man's parlor floor , and will order him to keep It for him until he Is ready to go. The man will not dare to strike him , for ho Is the king's courier. Ho will cry , 'Oh , take It away ! Take It away ! ' and ho will earn much money from that man. A llttlo further on ho may meet a peddler with a pack on his back. He will ask the peddler to carry the or head for him , and the peddler will bo glad to a pay to get free. You Know , one of the best businesses In this country Is in salt. There or are salt merchants. In all the villages. The do salt Is kept In big bags , and as It pays taxes It Is very high. When the courier comes to town he will enter such a store , perhaps , and say to the merchant , 'I find this head Is not keeping well , and I will leave It here for day to preserve It. ' Ho will thereupon to thrust It well down Into ono of the mer of chant's silt bags , and he has to earn a good deal of money If he- takes It away. He thus goes on earning money from every man ho c meets , and he will do better on the return trip than at the outset. The more decayed the head gets , the moro ho will earn , and at of the end of the Journey ho will have a for tune. " I give this man's conversation In nearly his ( wn words. Such blackmailing seemed mi to him perfectly legitimate , and It Is through th blackmailing schemes that n large part of tum the money of Corea Is "earned. " m th an tu an ze .no.vr ttiioor i'i.L coin : j > oir.v , dr , m JamMVhltcomb Jllley In the Chrlntlun Nation. I " 'Scurlous like , " alil the tree toad , ' n 'I've tvvltteretl for rain all day ; And I got up noon , And iollere < l l till noon : But the HUH lilt blazed nvvay , Till I Jest dumb down In a crawfish hole , Weary at heart and sick at soul. "Dozed away for nn hour. It And I tucliled the thing iigaln ; And I sung , and Bung , 'Till I knovved my Imur WIL.H Jest nbout to give in ; a And then , thinks I , ef It don't rain now , to "Once In a while dome farmer Would come a-drlvln * past ; And he'd hear me cry , And stop und sluli , Till I Jest laid back at last , And I hollered rain till I thought my throat Would bust wide open at ever * note ! "nut I fetched her ! Oh , I fetched her ! to 'Cause a little while ago , As I kind o * set , With one eye niet. ) And a slngln port and low , our A voice druppeU down on my fevered brain , Saying. 'Ef you'll Jest hush. I'll ruin. ' " ore The State Hoard of Equalization assessed cry the Montana Union railway at (4,000 a nillo taxation purposes for 1891 , List'year It be was 15,000. The road Is 71 6 miles long , of which ST.3 miles are In Silver Dow and 41.3 tulles are In Door Lodgn counties. and THE GOVERNMENT OF CITIES Views of Presidont'Morrill B. Gatf of Am * hoist Col lego , GOCD MEN .MUST PARTICIPATE The City the Host Field for the Study of 1'olltkn-llimliii-im Method * In the City Onvcrnmciit Lot In tho'Mcht. When cholera-laden ships ore lying In the harbor of a city Its people become keenly Ronsltlvo to sanitary conditions. Street clean Ing and sanitary Inspection are seen to bo a religious duty. Overcrowded tenement- houses , long Ignored by those who dwell on fashionable streets , become centers of painful Interest to their wealthy neighbors. The bond of a common humanity Is felt , If the sensation that brings It Into consciousness Is no higher than fear for one's self. In the sudden pang of dread lest cholera , bred among the most unclean of tholr fellow-citi zens , shall find Its way Into tholr homes , selfish men for the first time become con- scions that they cannot safely center all their attention upon their own business and their own wives and children. They see that all who are massed within a city's limits , rich and poor , bad and fiood , have a common Interest. It one suffers , all suffer. The welfare , the happiness , the very existence of the rich and Intelligent Is sternly condi tioned by the life and habits of their no- glccted , their criminally negligent fellow- citizens. The duty of protecting the health of the whole city , of every ward and street , and of every man , woman and child on every street Is seen and felt. Shall we bo keenly alert In matters of sanitation , but stupid nnd Inert when moral disease Is threatening , Is destroying the city's life ? Shall we shudder at the thought of physical contagion or Infection , and bo ready to Incur limitless plumber's bills at the least suspicion of sewer gas , yet feel no sense of danger to our homos and our children , from the atmosphere of vlco and crime , the sickening , deadly contagion which Inevitably prevails where politics are corrupt and venal ? THE CITY IS THE BEST FIELD FOR STUDY OF POLITICS. The city offers a field , and the only field , for study and experiment along certain lines of action and reaction among the forces that are to determine the future of civilized mankind. With the Greeks the state was the city. Politics , the science of the state and the art of managing wisely affairs of state , was chiefly the science and art of city government. The cities were small. The ruling class , even In the Ideal Greek democracies was a comparatively small and Intelligent minority , whose attention might ba given freely to affairs of state because the labor of slaves provided for their support. In tbo affairs of such an Ideal clty-comnionwea'lth Plato thought he supreme clvlo virtue , Justice , might be most clearly discerned In theory and studied In notion. In the effort to define justice In the Individual man ( In 'his ' "Republic" ) ho suggests that , as one Who finds It dllllcult to read an Inscription written In very small letters would turn gladjy to the same In scription written elsewhere In much larger characters , "so wo Inquire Into the nature of Justice and Injustice as appearing in the state ( city ) first and then In the Individual , proceeding from the greater to the less and comparing them. " ' Those who in our day wish to know well the social nature and the moral qualities of man , "the animal with an Impulse to political organization , " must study men In a city. In particular , if one wishes Intelligently to estimate the problems and tendencies of a future which Is to deal with men in still closer socjal ties , still more generally massed In larger cities , and living In moro and moro complex social relations , many of the most Important problems must bo studied and worked out In the life of the city. On the large scale of our national government certain of the elements In these problems become too complex. The Issues of clean administration are lost sight of In the mass of detail. Long distances separ ate voters from the seat of legislation , and after the law Is formed the points of Its application are scattered over a continent and are administered by ( and effect most deeply ) people who remain strange to each other. In the government of the city , on the other hand , all Is compact In space , and a common consciousness makes It possible to know and to test men and measures. "BUSINESS METHODS IN CITY GOVERN MENT. " The Importance which the government of our cities Is assuming In the public mind just now Is no passing "fad. " As social life becomes more complex and business relations draw larger bodies of men and larger amounts of capital Into constantly closer relations In that city which is to characterize the twentieth century , the prob lems of city politics are seen to be of primary Importance. It Is moro Important today than ever before that our city politics be clean and honest. Are they ? The tendency to demand that the business of our cities as corporate governments be managed "by business men on business principles" Is significant. We recognize the advent of the type of reforming mayor who as a business man plans to manage the ad ministration of the city on the basis of careful estimates , open bookkeeping. Indi vidual responsibility with the head of each department for good results In his own do main , and a rigid eye to a low tax rate , nnd this t > pe of administration has many of the marks of the Ideal city government. Hut how are wo to secure the choice , year after yeir , of such honest men ? Does not experience prove that with us In America our cities lapse from the rule of such a mayor Into the control of the party's "boss , " of the "combination-ring , " the product of "deal" between the rascals and bosses In both the parties ? Only at Intervals of flvo ten years , when abuses become Intolerable , the majority of all the voters arouse themselves to a sense of civic righteousness , and after a strenuous campaign "drive out the rascals" and begin again with an honest government. Is there no way of keeping the government good In our cities ? Wo seem need perpetually In our city affairs men the typo of the one-Idea reformer at the beginning of the French rovolutlpn to whom Carlyle loved to refer , who for an hour In- ssaiitly repeated In the convention the Itcratant cry "Jo demand 1' nrrestatlon des coqulns ct deslaches ! " "I call for the arrest the knaves and dastards. " LET IN THELIGHT. . After all , the men of imclemi politics are morally dastards essentially cowards' When the light Is let In on them by bold men who " turn over the dank and rotten planks In the inlro of our city governments which hlilo these foul workers In tlio dark , they scuttle and writhe away us do other unseemly croi- I tures which hate God's'sunslilno ' of Truth . , and Honesty. But thenj must bo good cltl- ' zens constantly "on tl'l'y" ' ' to exposennd drive away these parasites 01" partisanship I municipal affairs. , GOOD GOVERNMBNT" ALWAYS COSTS I pc The truth la vvo'hayo placed too low a value upon the moral tone of civic conscious ness. Wo have ' taken'Jtoo selfish views of iir i what good government ! means , nnd of what ' must always costKOOcitizens , by way of Individual effort and .united effort. We have been willing < b' tlllnk of the govern ment of our cities as If It were exclusively matter of right statutes and low taxes. , of " There has been too generally a disposition ' demand that city government "go on of Itself" after It has been started along lines to suggested by u moral awakening to some great abuse and a popular uprising at the polls. Business men when asked to take time to vote have said "We cannot take time for these thlc a ; what we want la a gov ernment that will leaveus free to attend our business ! " Is not this Intense and prevalent Belflahnesi at the root of the de bauched and debauching mlsgovernment of In cities When the Intcieuta of good government of so little Importance to the great mass of even the best citizens that they Impatiently "Let u attend to onr own business , we have no time for city politics. " sure that men will bo found , and the worst men of the city , who will make Us politics and Its government their especial to exclusive business , and will repeat with the a new meaning the sinister cry , "Let us tend to our own buslnessl" A government which should leave Its cltlzonn perpetually free from anf concern for Ita management Is not to bo doslrcd. For a nation or for a city that Is the best form of government which best develops the men and the society where It prevails. Not the perfectly wise and good autocrat , ruling a blindly obedient people by the best of all possible codes ; but nn active , Intelli gent , upward-striving people , ruling them selves nt the cost of occasional failures and with a conscious effort that strengthens and develops those who put Into It thought and purpose ; this Is the American Ideal. This Is the government that best develops every man wlto shares In the duties of clllrcnshlp under Its away Montesquieu In comment ing upon popular government says that It Is not to be expected that the mass of citi zens will bo competent In political affairs "the great thing Is that they bo Interested In them. " As education becomes more com mon a higher average of Intelligence and competence is to bo expected In political affairs ; but the essence of our American Ideal lies In the confident assumption ( which wo must perpetually make rcnl In all com munities ) that the great mass of the people will "feel an Interest" In affairs of govern ment. THE ART OP LIVING NOBLY TOGETHER. To this end , lot us not take low ews of politics , whether municipal or national. Wo ought never to surrender the noble Import of the word politics. From Aristotle's declara ' tion that men are In the state and maintain government , "not merely to live , but to live nobly , " down to Herbert' Spencer's Ideal of "complete llfo ID the associated state , " the conception of a common life for men , under law , to develop nil their social powers , has been an ennobling conception Men have still much to learn before they become masters of the high art of living nobly to gether. But , experience 'will bring out truth ; and free and full discussion must bo trusted to drlvo out error. Liberty Is to be preserved , yet anarchy with Its dynamite bombs must bo sternly repressed. That . reckless personal caprice is not liberty , all j men must learn. Thcro can bo no true ' llborty , saveas a free man voluntarily obeys moral law , and to Keep men and society free , civil and moral law must bo enforced and civil law must bo conformed to , must depend on moral law ! If these conditions are to bo secured In any city , the government of that city will demand unselfish effort on the part of many. The government of a city must have other and higher ends than merely to render It possible for each Individual cltl- zon. Isolated In selfishness , to pursue his own personal ends without thought or care for others. Each for all and all for each , must bo the principal of successful municipal life. The condition of freedom for a nation Is national consciousness , awake to noble Issues In city life , alert not merely to save taxes , but to develop manhood by social uplift , by care for the weak and neglected , and insistence upon justice and opportunity for all. "Ficedom , " says Bluntschll , "Is the power and warranty , protected and se cured by law , to follow out and attain a self-determined end. " If a city is to bo free and well governed , its cllbens must propose to themselves noble ends In their corporate life , and must Intelligently , vigor ously and Incessantly watch and strive to realize those ends. And the object Is worthy of the effort ! IN THIS WARFARE THERE IS NO DISCHARGE. Who coined the phrase of "profane his tory ? " The term. Is a sacrilege. The his tory of our American cities today , with all Its piteous records of sin and peculation and partisanship , is the history of God dealing with men In our time , In our land , teaching them how to work out problems. Such his tory , ail history Is sacred history , for It concerns the struggles of human souls made in God's imago to realize their highest life , or It chronicles their refusal to strug gle for this end , and so Is sacred with the Infinite pathos of failure. Christian men cannot live Christian lives In a wicked , misgoverned city and bo at peace. There Is. there should be , war be tween corrupt politics and clean living. In your city have you separated municipal from national elections , that questions of ciean , righteous city government may not bo obscured by party feeling about na tional Issue ? Have you risen above considerations of possible "party gain , " and in the affairs of your city are jou steadily advocating the best men and best measures Irrespective of I partisan considerations ? ' If you and the best of your fellow citizens are united In these measures for securing a noble associated life , happy arc > ou , for you shall bo "citizens of no mean city. " MERRILL E. GATES. Amherst , Mass. , 1894. I'ltATILK or fill ! i'UU.fdSTKlCll , The attempt to enforce artificial politeness gives occasion for some amusing Incidents. A story Is told of an English landed proprietor who sent by his servant , a young lad , a brace of English pheasants for the rector of the parish. The boy was ushered Into the room where the rector was sitting. Throwing the game at his feet , the boy said : "Here Is a pair of pheasants my master has sent ye , " and with out taking off Ills hat , turned to leave the room. "Hold on ! " sa'd the rector. "That Is not the way to do It. You sit hero and I'll show jou. " Taking up the birds , the rector put on his hat and left the room. Immediately returnIng - Ing , the rector removed his hat and bowed low to the boy , saying : "Your worship , my master has sent a brace of pheasants , which ho wishes you to accept with his compli ments. " "Thank you , sir , " said the boy , rising and bowing. "Tell > our master I am much obliged to him , and hero Is a shilling for your trouble In bringing them to me ! " * A Detroit homo has among Its lares et pcnates a small boy who will bo a Chester field , in point of manners nt least , If given half a chance , relates the Free Press. Ho has a great admiration for his mother , nnd jet there are times when she Is compelled to punish him. Such a thing occurred the other day."Now "Now , " she said aftcr'sho had concluded a vigorous spanking for willfulness , "I hope you have changed your mind. " "No , mamma , " ho sobbed , "I always sUd I'd rather be spanked by you than kUicd by any other lady In town , and J think so yet. " ikAft The teacher had up the class In primer of natural philosophy , and she had told the youngsters the story of Newton and the applo. In "Now , " she Inquired , "what makes the apple fall to the ground ? " Not a hand went up for some moments , and then a dirty one belonging to a small boy slowly arose "I know , " ho said. . "Well , " smiled the teacher , approvingly , "toll the class. " " 'Cause It's rotten. " in * * . The ejo of a llttlo Washington miss was attracted , by the sparkle of the dew at caily to morning "Mamma , " who exclaimed , "It's hotter'n thought It was " th "What do you moan ? " In "Look here. The grass Is all covered with perspiration. " J-'KUM M.lltH. Plttsburg Dispatch : According to Prof. Wiggins , the people of Mars are now en gaged In signaling the Inhabitants of this gravelly speck. Perhaps they want to ask cil about the score. i T Indianapolis Journal. "What do jou think , this Idea of communicating with Mars ? " "It strikes mo that until wo get rid of the present congress the less we expose ourselves comment from other worlds the better ' i Minneapolis Tribune : Prof Wiggins , It y meteorologist , astrologer and astronomer , Itgi gi says that the people of Mars are making sig tl nals to us , In the absence of an Interplanetary tlai tary flag or flash light cede we are led to aicl Infer that they are endeavoring to find out Is the latest Sugar trust quotation on senators. Ism Boston Globe ; The planet Mara Is again hi a good position for telescopic observations. hiki With more enterprise than wo , ths Marslain Jo seem to have connected their two great Joa oceans through canals , but their experience 8C with canal stocks and canal scandals can ta only be conjectured. ut utn The Now York Herald publishes an article la alleging that the labor unions are attempting laci secure control of the national guard of the tlal different state * . al TffO LEADING PARLIAMENTS A Qlimpso at tbo National Legislative- - somblios of England and Prauco. THEIR PECULIAR TIME-HONORED CUSTOM rrrnrli Scnutor * Mint Mount the Tribune In Oritxr to Spouk A Scciio In tha Clinm- ber of Drpntlrit lint * on In the House of Common * . PARIS , July 27. ( Correspondence of The Ileo. ) To these unacquainted with parlia mentary procedure In England nnd Franco n brief sketch may bo Interesting. The courtesy of Hon. James Brjco , n warm friend of The Bee and Its editor , secured us nn entry first Into the Ilouso of Commons and then Into the House of Lords. Passing over the uncomfortable appear ance of the accommodations for the mem bers , who all sat both upright upon benches as much crowded ns our struct cars upon a rnlny day , wo first notlca the speaker In a tight , horse hair wig of large dimensions , nnd then that all of the members sit with tholr hats on , except when addressing tha chair. The mace , a ponderous Instrument of gold , Is upon the table In front of the speaker's desk , nnd according to their usage , the Commons could not bo In actual session without Its presence there. The rows of benches to the right of the speaker are for these In harmony with the government , and those on the left for the opposition the front row on the right being reserved for the ministry , and that on the left for the leaders of the opposition. Our first care Is to have pointed out to us the prominent men of the house , and among them Sir William Vernon Harcourt Is the most conspicuous , both from the fact of his being the leader , and from his great aUo. Sir Chailos DIlUc attracts general at tention , not only for his great talents , but for bis juirt in the great scandal , and Jo seph Chamberlain Is pointed out , even by members of tbo opposition , ns the ablest and readiest debater In the house But we as Americans feel onlj u passing Interest In the great men , either of the oppo sition or of the government , us they are pointed out to us , until our eye rests uuon the pleasant face of Hon. James Brjce , au thor of the " "American Commonwealths. " That Interest la much heightened when ho comes under the gallery to make our per sonal acquaintance. His frank , easy manner makes you at once feel at home , and his In quiries Into our nffalrs marks him as a man of talent , who has visited our countiy and studied well Its Institutions Before lie comes to our seats wo have been much gratified by the high teims In which ho Is spoken of by several members of the opposition for It Is on the opposition side we are seated , under the gnlletlcs. Mr. Bryce Is a member of the cabinet with the tltlo of president of the Board of Trade , as well as member of the House of Commons , and held In general es teem by people of all parties. But business begins and has a. most interesting and admir able featuie , Impossible in our form of gov ernment. Each of the ministers being a member of ono or the other of the houses of Parliament , Is there to answer questions which have been propounded relative to af fairs coming within the purview of his branch of the government. These questions gen erally come from the "opposition , " as the outs are called , and a cabinet officer usually has several dajs to answer , as the question and notice of the time when It will bo form ally put Is given some days beforehand. These questions are printed for the day set and numbered In the order In which they wore piopounded , with the nnnio of the ques tioner , nnd the first business of the day Is the raiding of a question by the speaker , and then the cabinet officer rises and reads his answer. Thus tlio administration has Its at tention drawn to eveiy grievance and Is com pelled to say what It has done , or proposes to do , In tbo matter. The government's re sponsibility Is thus fixed In cveiy case , as each , member of Parlli nent naturally desires the benefit of being LI nsldercil a protector of any and eveiy right of persons and Interests at homo and ibroad , and the apposition wishes to propound to the government as many perplexing Inquiries as possible. vVhllc wo were present the chnncsllor give notice of nn address on the subject of the murder of President Carnet of Trance , and also of an address to the queen on the birth of a son to the duke of York , something that sounded strange In American cars and caused much merriment and some derisive laughter among the members themselves. A visit to the House of Lords affords but little entertainment , beyond seeing men lucky enough to have been born to rank and for tune , but ninny of whom are nevertheless of the highest talent and charactei , such as the marquis of Salisbury who looks hale and hearty and equal to standing vigorously by a fact , however nuked It might look the earl of Klmberly and Lord Itosebcry himself. The latter , it Is rumored , may marry one of the daughters of the prince of Wales. It scorns , however , n rather sensitive pos'tlon to assume with his present political feelings. On this side of the clnnnol where you are fined If you are run over In the streets Instead of the man who Is drlvlnr , all on the principle that you had no business to bo In the wo > things are managed differently In manj respects. They have In Prance two houses , tbo Senate and Chamber of Dcputl s , admission to either of which Is vciy dllllcult , and moro especially since Vatllant threw the bomb In the last named house. However , wo visited both , The Bco being the talis man or open sesame at the most dllllcult of- the places. At the hour for the Senate to sit the roll of drums Is heard and presently n procession Issues from the door nt the rear of tbo presi dent of the Senate In full dress. At the clnor carrying swords , and followed by the presi dent of the senate in full dress. At the door ho turns and bows to these of his escort who are without , and then tukcs his seat. All formal matters are disposed of by the president reading the titles of the bills , and putting them to a vote , to which , apparently , very little attention is pild ; but a matter of Interest being reached , a venerable senator ascends the tribune and Is llstuied to with profound attention. This tribune Is a dis tinctive feature of their parliament No member makes on address from his place as England or America , but must mount the tribune , which is erected just in front nnd below the president's desk , facing the sena tors , and Is reached by seven stfps The Senate Is n noble looking body of men nearly all of whom appear to bo well along In years , and Is very numerous , Judging from the number of disks , which Is 30i ) Neither here or In England urc there iiy h y piRcs.is our congress , but men In uniforms , vvejr- tni ; bwoids , attend to all matters Perfect order prevails , and strict attention Is paid the senator speaking Not so , howovci , was the Chamber of Deputies The general arrangement of the apartment and place for * member making a upeecli Is the sumo as the Semite , but the membership Is much larger , and of u very different character of mun. Ordinary courtesy eccms tu bo cat > t aside , und a freepitchIn sort of style acorns to bo the order of the day. We were fortunately present nt a crisis when the . wildest excitement prevailed and the govern ly ment was nearly overthrown The reporteis among whom we were Heated , dropped pen IIHH nnd paper and jumped to their feet , ex will claiming , "Tho cabinet will bo defeated ! " l The debate was upon the new law against In the anarchists , ami several of the members had madu violent speeches against the bill , . ! und were erected with constant cheers from part of the ussrmbly , and with threats and Tin- yells , and clenched lists by the other part. and was only when the members liny grow weary with thcso exercises that any the speaker could proceed for a moment and then Bedlam broke loose again , The ken climax was reached when one of the min Inn istry made an energetic speech against these members who moderately differed from In him , and then the few , who had hitherto kept their scats , rushed to the front and iml ed joined In the tumult. It seemed for a time If there would bo a frco Unlit on a largo scale , but Frenchmen have no capacity or u tatte In the use of their fists The con ulnc stant ringing of the bell by the president of . ' the chamber was totally Ignored until at last tha premier ascended tto tribune , no- Ht. ctirml Attention for a few words mil then Bitting was peremptorily adjourned The above Is only a repetition , of what has going on for weeks , nnd yosUnlny. during our vl lt , the bill waa finally passed nnd sent to the Senate , And that body , fecllnfl the great need of haste In a matter of BO momentous a nature , voted "urgency" and nt once entered upon Ita consideration UOSU li. 8TUAWN. J.AIIOI : The labor unions of Washington , D. a , will celebrate Labor day tills year for tin first time. About 100 men returned to work In the Nickel Plato shops In Chicago. They walked out during the strike. At Chicago 2,500 men went to work nt tha Illinois Steel company's plant. The work * had been closed down since the strike began. Iron moulders of Auburn , N. Y. , petitioned the con.itltutlonul convention to confine the work of convicts to agricultural pursuits , with n vlow to making penal liutllutlons self-supporting. The Chicago Trades and Labor assembly has declined to admit the Chicago Printing Pressman's union on the ground that It had seceded from the International Tjpographlcnj union to join an organization which U op posed to the American Federation of Labor. Gratification Is felt by the bikers of Nevt York and Brooklyn over the removal of th headquarters of the International union U thtso cities They are convinced that thll event will bo greatly Instrumental In ad < viutclnc the Interest of the local organiza tions. The officers elected by ( ho annual conven tion of the United Brass Workers nnd Metal Polishers union of North America are : J , E. Fitzgerald , president , T Finn , vice prosl dent ; E J. L > nch , secretary-treasurer ; G. S , Kcnzle , statistician ; J E. Fitzgerald , E. J , Lynch , T Finn , T Seclcr , J. Crooks , cxccu live board. The thirty-fourth annual report of the gfrn- eral secretary of the Amalgimatcd Society ol Carpenters and Joiners , London , England. shows the union to have a membership ol 41.000. The Income of the year , $520.000 ; paid to unemployed during the jear , flCO.OOO ; J 110,000 to sick members , $21,000 for funeral expenses , JSO.OOO on account of strikes , $10- 000 to superannuated members , cash balance In the treasury , $370,000. Dulled States Senator Smith of Now Jer sey , who w.us Instrumental In settling the long drawn-out potters' strike In Trenton and vicinity , has been requested by the Now Jer sey Federation of Trade unions to Introduce n bill In congress providing for the submis sion of all national hbor troubles to a na tional board of arbitration , and making It compulsory on both sides to examination and Investigation by a national board. A train , bearing COO negro coal miners , bound for the Hosl > n minus , arrived at Ta- coma. In May GOO while miners at the Kos- lyn mines , which are owned by the Northern Pacific , refused to accept a reduction of about i0 ! par cent In wages and quit work. The company did not make any effort to reopen until two weeks ngo , when it gave the miners timeto sign the contracts at the now schod- ulu of prices. The white miners refused , though thirty or forty of the negro miners brought from the south at the timeof tha trouble In 1889 are willing to work. Labor questions , in tholr relation to gov ernment , are treated extensively In a recent publication of the bureau of statistics of the State department , and several United States ministers and consuls at European labor centers contribute valuable papers , moro or less historical , describing the status of labor and the degree of success attending efforts at legislation. Minister Evvlng at Brussels has an especially Interesting communication , showing what Is being done In Belgium to benefit the laboring classes , and concluding with the statement that In Brussels at least the condition of the working classes Is , If not bettor , at least as good as In any European capital. Little drops of water Vista Water Make a mighty ocean of Vista Water Little grains of mineral in Vista Water Make a body healthy , does Vista Water Qnt a Drink 1'rco at MOTHO Dry CioQiln Co.'a Doctors piuscrlbo It Kvi-ryboily ilrln'ss It Dullc'rjtl at yo ir hoaia I'rcHh ovcry illy. Toll-phono 1'tlliJ VISTA MINritAb Sl'UIHR ? CO. , .Ili-'S. I'Jlh SI , Out 111 t Di mured Ditly THE HAIR G1NQIHED. MME. M. YALE'S iXCELSIOIt HAH ! TONIC Its Mi ; hty Ruler. Tor tbo llrat tlmo In the hlstuiy of tlio Kny hair U tuniul Imik In Itu orlKlntl color wlthmit dye Mine. M. Yale HxciUlor II Ir Tonic linn the iimrvpluuu iiuvvi r uf i\liiK tlu n.ituiiil coloring iniitli-r ilrtulatlun , conactuent- | riHtorltiK the iray ; Imlin in thHr original color. IU complftii inuxtery over the huninii hull cnnttd n MUBiillon all over ilio world thai inner ba fuiMitlui , nn IU ilimcovcry Inn ui hulled with tmlltna Joy no more ur y Imlr worry uvcr nml no muiu nitiimlty for UKiiig Injurious liulr < lyex Mine. Ynt 'H olilll nx a chcmlat li" never bun rtiunllul hy man or woman bint ntunJs nlune u ( | iiufn ami eomiuurc.r. Tinvtliulu wnrld IM.UH ilijtvn Id In-r us u pi ncer BclmtUt line l lor llnlr 'Ionic will Hlop tnxu of fulllnn Imlr In fiom lui'iitj-fiur liuum In nnu vvti k It U n KUiirnnln-U cuu > for nllinrnt nf iliu Imlr or illxuiao of tin ; H' | | > . IT IH Ai.sj.iniiv : : IM UK iiinl n I > la- Internally wltliuut Injury , U i MHII'IIH n Ill- Kitimy or itlilty. bm a ilellKlitful lU'llutlo oilur.ninl mnkiH ilia moot perfict li.ilr iln.t lns iiuwn for Kincrul uxc It will licip thu Imlr curl for ilu > n nml in-nln u luxuri , Kiuwlh nml | > rra iV-H UK naturul uilur until tlio of your clay * . Aftir tbu Imlr linn liven ns lur to IU nulunil Lolor , It In not ni'ier , iry to contlnuo uxupt for Kenerul use , UH thu hair KronH III natural color from Ilia root * tliu vain * wlun n in I hi Kviry l > atll In uimrnnlut-J gcn- IIKU'AItt : UP IMITATIONS. Make iur nra Hint fvery liottlo In Inlnltil MUM. M. Yale'i l.'xcflnlor liulr Tonic , 1'rlco t ) W | > er bottle , Manufacture ! by Mine. M. VAI.U , IK Htatl . , llilcugo , III. For Solo by All Druggists
