Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (July 15, 1894)
THIS OMAHA DAILY I3KR M'XDAY , Jl'LY 15 , 180J. THE SEW RAILWAY OF CUBAI Imperial Read Wow Being Built Toward the Rufftiaii Frontier , WAGES OF CHINESE RAILROAD OPERATIVES Curp" Itlttkr * it 'I rip ( ) cr Ilio Nrw I.luo In I lie Viceroy's L'ur lloir t'lilnu Can AluUc ( ii M ill Nominal ( tv > fi > rlBliM l& by IViink it. C'uipenter. ) TONO SHAN , North China , June 20. ( Special Correspondence of The HKU. ) The Imperial r.illruail has just bctiil completed to tliu bonier * of Manchurlii anil regular tr.ilns wcie put on last week between Tien- T ln and Hlmn HI Kwun. This last city Is on the boundary between Mniiclmrla anil China at the point where the Chinese wall juts down Into the en , ami you can now note to the great wall by train. An army of laborers Is at work pushing the roail further toward the north , ami when It Is completed II will be about MO hundred miles long , mid will almost rtaeh the Itnasl.in .Siberian frontier. It will probably at some time connect nltli thu great Trams-Siberian rail road , which Is now being built from Vlatll- voatoclc to St , PotenliurB , and the trip from here to IJcrlln and Paris will be madu by land , Fur six yearn the trains have been running regularly between hero and Tien- Tain , ft dUlaiicc of ninety-nine miles , and .this new strip of road , which has now been opened to traffic , Is of nearly HIP' same length. There are , In fact , today about SOU miles of road hero In actlvu operation and there are seventeen trains ( regular trains ) ' , day running upon this railroad. It In the only railroad In China and It Is of the greatest Interest In that It Is the be ginning of a system of lines which will eventually cover this country as with a net and which may In Its changes revolutionize ( ho trade not only of this empire but of the whole world. The Chinese are now Inter ested In the subject of railroads as they Imvo never been before. They Intend to develop tliolr vast resources themselves , and I see their Works In this direction every where I go. At Shanghai I visited the Klagnan arsenal , whcro thousands of these people in a do the finest of modern guns and where I saw their successful experiments In the making of steel rails with Chinese Iron and Chinese coal. They arc now putting up furnaces and rolling mills for the mak ing of steel , and their workmanship shows that they arc as expert In such manufacture as any people In the world. At Hankow , 7CO miles In the Interior of China , I found sevi > nly-flve acres of ground covered with the preparations for steel furnaces and car works , and I wrote a letter on the top of a Bteel blast furnace 100 feet high and some thing llko fifty feet In diameter. At Tlon- Tsln , . which , you know , Is LI Hung Chang's capital , there are hundreds of acres of shops of various kinds , and here at Tong Shan , In the very heart of the northern part of the great plain , there are thousands of men em ployed In making cars , In mining coal and In the manufacture of coke. Tong Shan , with Its many smoke stacks , Its piles of coal and Its modern works , looks In fact more like a suburb of Plttsburg than a city "of North China , and the black faced minors , with their long queues tied tightly about tliolr heads , seem out of place In the picture. It is the center of the Kalplng coal mines , of which I will write further on , and also the junction at which the Chinese Hallway and Mining company and the new Imperial railroad como together. TWO MILLIONS A YI3AH. The road from Tlon-Tsln to this point was built by a private stock company , of which LI Hung Chang Is iiractlcally the head , as ho la of every thing progressive In. China. The line which has Just been opened Is In tended to aid the country In preventing the aggressions of Russia. Dy It troops and supplies can be carried almost to the Rus sian frontier , going for something llko 500 miles through the rich country of Man churia and connecting with most of the big cltlos of the Mongols with Tlen-Tsln. An appropriation of $2,000,000 a year has been sot aside for the building of this road , nml though I am told that this appropri ation has been cut down this year on account of the money needed for the llreworks on the empress dowager's birthday , there Is no doubt but that the road will be pushed onward and that it will bo n great trunk line throueh the northeastern part of the empire. At the present writing the work of surveying the road and building the em bankments Is going on at ) a point about fifty miles beyond the great wall , and the road to the wall Is as well built us the great trunk lines of the United States. Hereto fore all the freight to the north has been carried on camels , and the mule-litter has teen the Chinese Pullman car. I traveled over the now line on ono of the first trains , and I have had the best facili ties to make n. careful examination of it. I am with General John W. Foster , our ox-secretary of state , and LI Hung Chang has put at his disposal his vice-regal car. Our trip to the great wall has been made ou a special train , and we are entertained hero by the Chinese directors and by the foreign ofllclals who liavir superintended the building of the road. Such an excursion has never been possible In China before. When General Grant visited LI Hung Chang there was not a line of track In operation and there were m signs of any for the future. When Secretary Seward traveled throuch the empire the country was even more backward , and the reception which has boon given Mr. Koster has Included many things which were Impossible to China's famous guests of the past. Ills trip to Peking , for Instance , was made In the vice roy's steam launch. Ho rovlewcd the troops of LI Hung Chang's military school at Tlen- Tsln , and saw them go through the modren maneuvers of a sham battle , and his visit IIUH been enlivened with serenades of our American national airs by Chinese brass bands. The viceroy's private car has here tofore been reserved exclusively for ills own use , and the olllclals In charge are directed /to / allow no mandarin or other person to take It , All sorts of excuses have been made to keep It out of the hands of the Chinese officials , and ono of the English officers of the works said to mo today : "You can't Imnulno what a series of disasters lias hap pened to this car. I venture It has had Its axles broken COO times and Its machinery lias been out of order a thousand times. " UOAD EQUIPMENT. Wo first came over the road belonging to the Chinese Hallway and Mining company. This lias been In operation for six years , and it Is , I understand , paying good divi dends. Us capital stock has been watered again and again , and there are undoubtedly many Chinese squeezes connected with It. Nevertheless It pays a dividend to Its stock holders , and though there was much corrup tion In Us building , It Is said the road hua boon constructed as cheaply as any railroad in America. The statement was made to mo that the lawyers' fees In America were more than the stealings of the Chinese directors and that the difference In the prices of labor make It possible to build roads hero cheaper than In any other country of the world. Today It Is found that they can make cars nml engines In Tong Shan more cheaply than they can bo Imported from Europe , and Mr. Churchward , the man In charge of the loco motive works , told mo that If America would take off her tariff he could make engines and cars hero and export them to the United States and make a fair profit , notwithstand ing the heavy freight charges. All of the cam on this Chlneso road are built here. They are lighter than our care and are more after the English pattern , They are made with higher wheels than ours , the diameter being forty-two and one-halt Inches , while the American railroad wheel Is , I believe , only thirty-three Inches. These Chinese wheels coat more , but the English engineers think they are cheaper In the end , an they will last live times as long as our wheels without being returned , It la wonderful that they call make the cant so cheaply , as nearly all of the materials have to be Imported. The outside wood of all of the passenger couches Is of Blamoso teak , the freight cars ure sheathed with zinc , and the Iron rails and the Iron used In the making of the ma chinery of the road como from Europe. Even , Uio ties have to bo Imported , but with all thu Mo , i .ii has b > on solidly 1m.If It u of HirRiilur m an lard gauge U U bal last. < > wiiu * 'f > ne onJ th earn m > viovir It as Hiiic'Othly K they du ovr tht * IVnn- ftylvanla road between New York it ml Wmh- Ington. The length of th * line which I paned over Is In met nearly UR long M the distance between New YorK and Wellington , and In my talk with the directors the Penn sylvania company ua * frequently mentioned , and many of It * latest Improvements will probably be adopted hm. I saw In the car works eiunples from the Pennsylvania rail road of lamps and other devices connected with our car making , and some of these will probably be adopted. Till * Chinese railroad 1s for different In many n-spects from an American line. There lire two classes of cars , the llrst and second , anil the second-class fores bring In the most , profit to the company. Only for- clgnera and a few of the big Chinese ofllclals travel firm-clam , and a mandarin nml his retinue of from ten to fifty servants usually have pannes. The fares arc , ( believe , the cheapest In the world. The first-clasi pas senger tariff Is lest than 2 cents 11 mile In sllvur , and the second class less than. 1 cent. mile cr less than half a cent a mile In our currency. For a distance of thirty- one miles the fare was twenty-seven diver cents , or about fourteen American cents. The tlnkclR sold are of the same size and slmpe HH our ordinary local tickets , each being about an largo as the smallest size of a gentleman's railing card. They ore on yel low rani board , the color being that of the ompcror and all connected with him , and they arc printed In both Chinese and KugltHh. There are no mall cars , and If the Chinese had their way they would run the frt'lght and passenger cars In one train. As It IH , there is an open car back of the engine In which all sorts of baggage and freight are carried. This Is made in the shape of n pen , with walls about four feet high , and Its contents are cattle , baggage and freight. On our train there were a pony and two donkeys In this car. They were tied by their bridles to the Iron rail which ran around Its top and were sur rounded by bags and boxes and bales of all sorts of goods. The trains , nil told , con sisted of about a dozen cars. Uack of this half-cattle , half-baggage car was one con taining passengers and freight ; behind these a largo number of second-clas * couches , the car of the viceroy being attached to the end of the regular train. These second-class cars were well filled. They were of half-English , half-American pattern , each coach being as long as one of our passenger coaches , but the seats running In the same way on the two sides of the car with an aisle between them. Each car was divided by partitions running across It Into tlireo sections , and In some of the cars one section was devoted to Chi nese ladles , who sat with the toes of their club feet resting on the floor In the. solitary grandeur of their paint , powder and gorgeous silk clothes. In the men's compartment every neat wan occupied , and each passenger had his bed and baggage plied up about him. The seats were plain wooden benches with straight backs , and were very uncomfortable. Many of the passengers had their shoes off , and their gaudy pantaloons of wadded silk were tied about the ankles above their socks of white wadded cotton. Some were smoking long stemmed pipes , with bowls no bigger than a thimble , and others slept and snored. There was only one first-class compartment. In this the seats were well cushioned , and It was as comfortable as any American passen ger coach. The occupants were a half-dozen foreigners going to Taku at the mouth of the Pollio river to take the boat for Shang hai , and a couple of richly dressed Chinese merchants. KEEP OFF THE TRACK ! The stations all along the line are well built. They ore of one-story , painted white , and their platforms are of stone , which run almost parallel with the bed of the cars , and below which the tracks are sunken. They are comfortably furnished In Chinese style , with different rooms for the different classes of passengers , and the people of every class gather about the stations In the small towns-of China just as they do In an American village. There are soldiers In their red and blue cotton uniforms every where. There are swell mandarins , with servants bearing their official caps , with the feathers of rank sticking out at their backs. There are coolies carrying great loads on their shoulders , and half-naked men and altogether naked children , who stand and look at us , the foreign devils. In open-mouthed wonder. Now and then they crowd us too closely , when the guard makes assaults upon them with his red club , swingIng - Ing it about as though It were a scythe , or pounding them lustily over the heads with It , and starting the hundreds Into a scream- ins run to the rear. A bell rings at every station before the car starts , and the switches and signals are carefully managed. No Chinaman Is allowed to touch a switch without ho Is connected with tha road , and yesterday when the engineer saw a coolie with his hands on the point of one , he stopped the train , jumped down and caught him. Ho was dragged by his queue to our car , and will como before the magistrate to morrow. When I saw him he was ghastly pale and trembling all over. Ho was prob ably a farmer who had seen a railroad for the first time and had no thought of Injury to the track. Still , the sentiment against railroads among the people Is so great that the creates ! caution is preserved , and the least offense Is punished with a good flogging across the bare thighs with a club of bamboo. When the first railroad In China was built the company had to move very slowly In order to overcome the opposition of the people. It Is hard to understand the real power of the masses of this country. The government seems to be autocratic , but there Is no place where the voice of the people has more weight , and China is to n large ex tent democratic. The country Is divided up into classes , and the power of organization I ? well understood. Every trade , from the beg gar to the banker , has its union , and when the line was first planned the carters' guild made a great outcry against It. This kept it back for some time , and the mining com pany dug a canal at a cost'of $500,000 along the line of the railroad , and for some years hauled their coal to the sea In barges by means of steam tugs. They next built a road for cars to bo hauled by mules , making It strong enough for heavy engines , ami uraually put on the cars and locomotives. The first locomotive used was one made at the works here and called "tho Rocket of China. " It was patched up out of old pieces of Iron and machinery gathered from differ ent parts of the country. The boiler was that of a stationary engine which had been Imported years before from England. The wheels were American , and other parts of It wcro stray pieces from different parts of Europe. I saw this engine In the shops here yesterday , yesterday. It Is kept as a curiosity , but It has carried freight cars for more than 100- 000 miles , and did the work of the line for ono year. When tha road was first built no freight was carried , except the coal belong ing to the company , In order to keep the carters In a good humor , but now all classes of goods are taken , and the freight rates between Tlen-Tstn and Tong Shan , a dis tance of nearly 100 miles , are eight and one-half cents a plcul of 133 pounds for first-class freight , and half that for second- class freight. POWER OP THE PEOPLE. Another instance of the power of the people in China was seen when the road was extended from the seacoast at Tong Ku , where It first stopped , to Tlen-Tsln , It came up on the opposite side of the river , and LI Hung Chang naturally wanted It to go right Into the city of Tlen-Tsln. A bridge was begun , and u vast amount of money was spent In the sinking- the foundations and In Importing the Iron work. When the structure was almost completed the boat men who carry on a traffic up and down the Polho organized a movement against It. and their voice was so strong that Lt Hung Chung directed that the work bo stopped and the station be placed on .tho other side of the river , and there. It remains todty , a monument of the power ot the masses In China. You can almost throw a stone across the river at this point , and If you will Imagine a city the size of Philadelphia , with u trade amounting to perhaps $100,000,000 a year , connected by the sea coast with only one railroad and bordered on one side by a river not as wide as the Schuylklll , sepa rated from Its railroad by the strike of a lot of American cab drivers , you will got the situation ot Tlen-Tsln with regard to Its railroad station , The viceroy has to travel three miles from his official palace to the depot , and when I took tha train yester day I was hauled In a Jlnrlksha to the furry , and after crossing the river my bag- gaga had to bo carried by coolies several blocks before the stationwas reached. In the building ot the new railroad , how ever , there has been much lesa trouble. The Chinese respect the edicts of the emperor , and this 1s an Imperial road. If the govern ment at Peking should decide to build MORSE DRY GOODS CO. Monday. Continuation of tlio grand mark down salo. Wo hud doterinlnud that If coat would not moVe our goods ll AM' COST would. All day last Friday our store wan closed marking down price * . Saturday our store was crowded all day , the public reanlnj , ' the benefit of our Fridays' labor. Monday vftj nro prepared for a blj , ' < , 'or crowd ) Buy Now. MORSE DRY GOODS CO. Monday. Dress Goods. Our advice to all in need of a ulce dross for Summer , Fall or Winter is to' take advantage of the prices wo Imvo marked them for Mon day. The Roods iirofor salo. regardless of cost. Wo will sell a lot. of col ored dross eoods of all makes that Imvo boon soil ing for 81.00 ; you got you pick of thorn for MORSE .DRY GOODS CO , Monday , We were closed all day last Fri day marking down prices and bring ing forward du plica to stock. As a result our store was packed all day and late into the night Saturday by eager bargain hunters ivid they all got the game. If you were not here ask your neighbor abaut it. BUY NOW. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday. Domestic ? , Calicos , Sheetings. At 14c pdr yard Sheetings. At 3Je Calicos. At 80 Lonsdalo Cambric. AtJUo Comforts. At ( J9c Comforts At $2.1 ! ) all wool Blankets. At S3.2G all wool Blankets. At $9.00 all wool Blankets. If cost will not do it perhaps half cost will. roads all over China there would be no trouble in their construction , and the wages and labor are such that they could be laid and equipped more cheaply hero than In any other part of the world. Ordinary coolie labor costs about eight American cents a day , and the farm wages In this part of China are about four ot our cents for ten hours work. The brakemen on the trains get six silver dollars or not much more than three American dollars a month ns wages , firemen receive from $5 to $10 In silver , and engineers get from eight to thirty American dollars per month. The best engineers and the best workmen come from the south of China , and these rccelvo the highest wages. The Cantonese engineers start In at thirty silver dollars , and they can rise In nlno years. If they are good workmen , as high as $60 a month , but they cannot make more than this. Northern men begin at $15 , and can rise , to $35 a month. Tliesn wages are for sixty hours a week , any thing over that being paid for at the rate of 15 cents an hour. Conductors receive less than the engineers , and certain classes of workmen get two Sundays off In each month as holidays. In ordinary tabor there are no nolldavs In China , and the contractor ex pects his hands to work Sunday and every day , except a week or so at the Chinese new year. In the works hero there are a large number of blacksmiths , carpenters and miners employed. The northern car penter gets from five to eight silver dollars lars a month , and Canton carpenters re- ' colvo from $20 to $30 a month. Black smiths get all the way from $5 to $10 a month , and the wages of miners are 18 cents a day. At such wages skilled men can be gotten by the thousands In any part of China , and the building ot railroads is merely a matter of decision on the part of the government that they shall bo built , and of the little tlmo and comparatively little money required to make them. In my next letter I shall show something of what the Chlneso have done In the building o'f the great wall and how , with the rudest of machinery , they can accomplish the greatest ot undertakings. An Iiiterostlns l.utti-r Uhlch Spculcn for ItS.'lf. LOVEVILLE. St. Mary's Co. . Mel. , June 15 , 1894. I have handled Chamberlain's Colic , Cholera and Diarrhoea Ilcmcdy for the past year. It gives the best of satis faction to my customers. I received an order last week for four bottles of the remedy from a man residing sixteen miles from my place. Today I received a letter from him , stating that It has saved the lives of two mem bers of his family. An old gentleman here , who has suffered two years with diarrhoea , was permanently cured by this remedy. Ho can now do as much work as any man of his ago. I could mention other remarkable cures , but the Remedy will show for Itstclf If tried. 0. Love. 25 and CO-cont bottles for sale by druggists. A Mosquito CiUrlilni ; IMunt At a recent meeting ot the Farmers' club at the American Institute , New York , a specimen ot a Japanese mosquito catching plant was among the exhibits. The sci entific name of this oddity Is vlncotoxlcum nccmnlniitiim. It bears a small white flower , The specimen was In full bloom , and every blossom Imprisoned a mosquito , a few ot which were allvo and struggling. The blossom , whlcn Is cleft , in the middle , se cretes a viscid juice , which Is attractive to mpsqultos and lures them to their doom , for when once the proboscU IB Inserted In the heart ot a ( lower the Insect Is held fast. Cook's Imperial , World's Fair "highest award , excellent champagne ; good efferves cence , agreeable boquet , delicious flavor. " Illll Ilourko against Hard Gall Kbrlght this afternoon. Who will wlnT Pa , of course. DcWKt's Witch Hazel salve cures plica. MORSE DRY MUDS C ( , Monday. Retiring from , , Business Sale. Last Friday our 'storo ' was closed all day. Wo wcro'busy marklnir down prices and bringing stock for ward. Saturday all Omaha , South Omahaaml CouncilIllnlTs mtisthavo been with ua. Ifyou. . were not , ask your neighbor about it and como Monday. Half Cost will do it. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday. Four divisions in our CAl'B STOCK. 1st division . iH.75 2nd divisnii . $5.00 3rd division . 37.50 'lm division . $10.00 Two 818.00 ones , Prices Wow $ JOOO on $25.00 ones , Suits. Now $15. CO Buy for early fall. It will Day you. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday. Toilet Articles. Hoot Boer , 5 gallons for. , luc " " "c Per f umory Tetlow's Powder 12c Almond Meal Klo Bcn/.ine Soap luo Bay Hum 1'Je Hand Bags H.'ic Swans Down Co If cost will not do it , Perhaps hnlf cost will. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , i / Monday. The extraordinary preparations made last Friday' to vclose out our business with a rushi brought the public to our store in crowds on Saturday. The saino offerings will continue Mondaylfa d' until every dollar is sold. ' ' ' ' Small and odd lots will bo put on sale at a more 6on < j of a price. PAY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS Judge Baldwin , Jurist and Lr.wwritor , Sajs It h Inadequate , PENSIONS IN THE CIVIL SERVICE I'ce .System I.oi < l to Corruption and Must llo Condemned biilnrlus < if Foreign Minister * Aiucrlcstii Ulllcliila I'a Id Lean tliiin I'ordKiiur' . ( CopyrlKhtcd. ) The rewards of public service In the United States arc In some respects less , In others more , than In other countries. They are less , If measured by pay or social distinction ; more if estimated by the oppor tunities given for usefulness to the com munity. The founders of American , Institutions generally fixed the compensation of public oillcers at no more than would cover their personal expenses while engaged In the per formance of their official duties. Ordinarily but a small part of their tlmo was thus occupied , and the pay was , therefore , corre spondingly small. The first Governor \Vln- tlirop received but 100 from the colony of Massachusetts Hay for his salary , at a time when colonial governors carried the main part ot the burden of administration and exercised Judicial as well as executive powers. The pay ot members of congress was long put on the basis ot a dally allowance suf ficient for their support , whllo congress was In session , with mileage to meet their traveling expenses to and from the capltol. Six dollars u day waa made the rate of com pensation for many years , and then eight. The salaries allowed by the continental congress and under the articles ot confedera tion , which formed the first constitution of the United States , weresettled * on a more liberal scale , partly from the Influence ot English traditions and { tartly from the un certainty as to how , , crvhen , or In what Currency they would bo paid. Washington , Indeed" when comniandcrrln-chlef , refused to accept compensation for anything beyond his official expenses , but Washington was ono ot the few rich men In America and could afford to be generous. When he became president under the , present constitution , the dignity of the otllco was thought to de mand a handsome salaVy 'for ' Its support , and this was fixed at | 25000 | , and so remained until the admlntstratlpn of President Grant. Several of our presidents have managed to save something from their pay , but It has been possible In view' ' of the duties of hcs- pltullty Incident to the position only by the aid of a gradually Increasing number of customary Items In appropriation bills , or furniture , hot houses , conservatories , music , and attendance at the executive mansion , These extra allowances , Indeed , for various matters of necessary expense have become go liberal at Washington that there are many things , ranging from penknives to port folios , that a senator or representative may supply himself with for a life time during a term In congress. It U not Ions wlnco that a western congressman declared that he had been able to save his entire salary by selling Ills stationery supplies to pay part of hl board bill and meeting the rent from the difference between his mileage and his actual traveling expenses. THK FEE SYSTEM CONDEMNED. The policy of the government , during most of Its history , hai been to m ke the prlnci- MORSE DRY COOPS CO. II \ I on day. Dry Goods * CnrpcCs , JJrttpary , IV In t ti 1 1 i 's , Wo don't want profit but anxious to eloic our .stock * at some price. BUY NOW. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday. tVJuslin Underwear Goivns made of excellent muslin , elaborately trimmed - mod Cor&ot Covers and Drawers in cambric and muslin , bcuutifnllv trimmed . Aprons , in fine lawn and "J Q / - embroidery trimmed . . . . * - vJ Children's Bonnets , in silk or mull . Buy a year's supply new. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday. If cost will not do it , per haps half cost will. Underwear- At 8c , Ladies' Shaped Vests. At | 7c , Ladies' Fancy Neck Vests. At 23c , Ladies' Lisle Thread Vests. At 4Oc , Ladies' Lisle Thread Vest the very best. At 48c , Ladles All Silk Vests. Retiring from Busir ss- Must Close Out. pal compensation of Its minor ofllclals dependent - pendent upon the amount of work they m ght be called upon to do , and to charge It , as far as po&slble , on those from whose default , or for whose benefit , the services were re quired. This has been the justification of the fee system , at our consulates , custom houses and court oHlces. It serves , no doubt , to stimulate activity on the part of officials , but It Is often activity of a very unhealthy kind. If , for Instance , the Issue of every warrant brings a certain sum to the authority that procures It , or signs , or serves it , proceeding ! will often be set on foot to secure the fees , without much regard to their probable success. Dy such means the Judi cial expenses .of the United States are steadily and needlessly Increasing. Presi dent Cleveland called the attention of con- grcst to this evil , In his drat message. In 1885 , and again in his last , In 1893 , pointing out the fact that between these dates these expenses , exclusive of the judges' salaries , had grown from ICES than three millions a year to over four millions and a half. The < amo system once made the office of collec tor of customs of the port of New York worth over $100,000 a year. In our slates the fee system is largely maintained for the lesser ofllces attached to courts of Justice. In many of them , the clerk will receive considerably more than the judge and In some , such officials have col lected fee enough to bring their compensa tion up to $10.000 a year , while no salary ex ceeding $15,000 Is paid to any judge. Of late years the policy both of the state and the federal governments has tended toward restricting the maximum compensa- t.on of every official to a certain sum , and requiring him to account to the treasury for any collections or fees In excess of that. PENSIONS IN TflK CIVIL , SERVICE. Pensions for the o who retire from office on account of age or Infirmity , whllo always fully recognized In the military and naval service , we have given to Judges only , among civil officers. The federal Judge who has served ten years , and reached the age at 70. can resign , and still retain his salary for the rest of his life. Some of oui Hates have adopted a similar policy , except that the salaries of these on the retired list are lean than these previously received , and one is accustomed to make the judges of Its h ghe-t court , whose years exclude them , under the constitution , from longer acting as such , official referees for life , on half-pay , their function bslug to hear , without charge , any casea which may be referred to thorn by the courts , and report their conclusions ot fact for sub equent judicial action. The absence of any prov slon of this char acter ( or those who Imvo held executive or legislative offices , doubtless deters some from accepting them , and tempts many to use them for unworthy purposes of per < onal gain. The last years of Jefferson's lift ) were made miserable by the Inadequacy of his Income to meet the hospitalities which ho deemed Incumbent upon him to extend to the o whom his long career of public service brought to Montlcello. Ono of the seven senators who saved the nation from a grava reproach by defeating the conviction of President John son , when Impeached for defending what ho deemed the constitutional prerogatives of the executive against congress'anal encroachment - mont , and who lost his re-election by It wa- , a few yearn ago , Hiipportlng himself as a compositor In a printing office. Two of the highest judicial officers of the United States dying in office , left their families In Bticli straitened clrcumatanccH that It wa < thought necessary to procure a further provision for them by public subscriptions. SALAKIKS OP KOIIUIGN MINISTHHS. The salaries of most of our ministers at foreign courts are notoriously Inadequate to enable them to live In the manner of their associates In the diplomatic corps , and more than one of them , with little or no private fortune to draw upon , has been brought , In order to make his Income adequate to his expenditures , to lend ills name to doubtful financial enterprises , seeking n foreign mar * kel for American securities. An evil scarcely less Is the drift of the times toward selecting rich men only for the principal foreign mis sions ; a tendency which their elevation to MORSE DRY GOODS CO. Monday. Hosiery Bicycle Hose , fast black. . Boys'Iron clad fiut bluclc IHHO v Ladles' fast black seamier 1 Ql/- > Hose l < aO Ladles' seamless tan col- -1 Q/- ored lloso J.OL. Ladles' Silk Hose , black and opera shades. , . . . . . Every article marked away down. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday. Wash Goods Finest Scotch Ginfiliains. . . . QP Finest Sutoens O > OKp Double FacedChambrays. . . * - * Seersucker Ginghams * > 1 P Pongee , reg.ilar 'lUc quality * - " - ' Tuckiniis In plain and fancy at one- third their actual value , 1 % n Fancy bordered black lawns J-t-'v- ' BUY NOW. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday Linens 70 - inch Bleached Damask. 73-inch Unbleached Damask. i , pure i - \ n Extra largo Bath JL ± U Towels. A 4 pStevens' Crash. Etc. , etc. , etc. Half cost will move them. MORSE DRY GOODS CO. Monday. Men's Furnishings. Wo have the best bargain * over . t-.j given in this department. It will pay you to buy you" winter under wear and hosiery now. You can have certainly 50 per cent. Retiring from Business. Cost Sacrificed. the rank of embassies , without any In crease cf salaries , cannot fail to strengthen. Nor is this mitigated with us by the ex istence of a leisured class , with Inherited means , fortified by a system ot family set tlements or entails. Men of such a class in other countries are In a measure trained by their surroundings for public life. They belong to a caste from which the principal ofllcers of the state are generally selected , and find In such employments a pleasant moment of occupying hours which would otherwise be vacant and tedious. Official station to them is also often a passport to great houses which they could not otherwise enter , and may serve to ralso a man of talent and ambition to a higher position In rank and title. The convention that framed the constitu tion of the United States. In the llrst draft ot that instrument , unanimously adopted a proposition of Charles 1'inckn.cy of South Carolina that the president should have the "title" of "Ills Excellency. " During the last days of the convention , however , this provision was struck out by the committee on style , which was appointed to put the constitution In Its final shape , and the al teration scums to have been unnoticed. In the first congress the subject was revived , both with regard to the president and to the vice president , but It was concluded to leave things as they were. Senator Gray- bon of Virginia contributed not a little to thu result by sarcastically urging that the vice president should be styled "Ills Super- lluoiiH Kxcellency. " QUESTIONS OF SOCIAL PREFERMENT. A certain etiquette has come to bo recog nized at Washington by which precedence IH determined at social and public entertain ments , ami the order of making formal "call ! , " by one official personage upon an other Is regulated A social code of this nature Is , of course , of some Importance to the wives of public functionaries , but Its observance Is rather a burden than a re ward to the men themselves. Outbldo ot the national capital , the poii- tesslon of an office Is seldom regarded as. In Itself , n title to social consideration , if u Is held by a man of education and cultivation , whose social position In the community Is otherwise good , It simply strengthens or ad vances that position. Ho will stand higher In the circle of his acquaintances than ho did before , but ho will not necessarily bo In- vltod Into any other circle. American rewards for public service then are not to bo found In large emoluments , or social distinctions. They are something but ter. They are something which the condi tion ! ) of our political existence enable us to offer , and which are to be had almost no where else. The only spot on the globe In which a clvlll/.bd and enlightened people are building up new political Instltutionu to suit them selves Is In the United States of America. Australia comes near It , but Australia Is subject to the British Empire , and to a Par liament In which she has no representation , Japan comes near It , but Japan Is still sub ject to a sovereign who has , In theory and form , at least , most of the powers of a Ro man emperor. A GRAND EXPERIMENT. Every American citizen Is engaged In n grand experiment that for which Washing ton declared It wan his main purpose In uu- coptlng the presidency to secure a fair trial to determine "with what dose of liberty man can bo trusted for his own good , " The authoritative leaders of this work are our public officers. Much ot the best of U , no doubt , Is done by private Individuals , In the press , on the platform , befqro legislative committees , but such men are laboring for others to reap. Nor , at most , ran they do more than propose the form of laws and In stitutions. It Is for thoto who administer them to turn form Into subntance or Into shadow. The law of a country Is not what In written , but what Is enforced. The Insti tutions ot a country are not such an they were planned to bo , but such as they have grown to be. The architect who planned the cathedral ot Cologne , though be might MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday , H con will not do it , porlmi > 4 half oint will , Cnrpots mi our fourth Hour nro All jioodn In our drup- cry ( IrptutliHht. ) fourth Hour I'lirtalm , KinoN , SVivonsU'liIim Slll < , SI1I- nlliiu , MiHlliiM , ttlu. , uUn will not in It , uorlmp < i Imlf oust will. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday Dress Silks The lurjjodt stock of silks in the West jjoiiij , ' nt about what the raw silk co-it. ICvery piece of silk and velvet in this stock has been marked cost not considered. Yon can buy silks now. Von will buy fcilknow - oven If you cannot Use them until next year. On our counters a lot of Dro-s Silk , hold up to KQJ / - > $1.25 , alt for the ono price < > * J\ * On a table at Silk depart ment , a lot of Novelty Silks , sold up to * 2 00. . . . MORSE DRY GOODS CO. Monday Chinawarc The same exulting prices continue for Monday. The largest and finest ttock of China and Glass ware sellIng - Ing at a siicrllice. Best jrrado white Cups and QQ/- > Saucers , with handle _ O i/U Mexican Hammocks . One lot of large si/od beau tiful Bisque Figures and Ornaments of all dohcripQQ / - tions ; they are $3.50 goods vJO All Japanese goods of all descrip tion at exactly half price. BUY NOW. MORSE DRY GOODS CO , Monday. Boys' Clothing. At half the original cost. The Wo have divided all ' suits our boys' Big- into four divisions : Four Lot - $ . for Our Lotll-$3.00 Little Lotm400 Friends. LotIV-$5.00 die before the foundations were fully laid , could count on the completion of the great structure In KOIUO distant age , In c xact ac cordance with his original design , for ho dealt with the Immutable- principles of an ideal science. Hut In government no principles nro Immutable none , at least , which men Imvo thus far put In form. Gothic architecture can bo stated In stone , but po litical science must ba stated In the changing speech of men , and political Institutions shaped by their ever moving national char acteristics. The best reward of public service Is Its opportunity to advance the public In terest. SIMEON E. BALDWIN. Now Haven , Conn. Oregon Kidney Tea cures nervous head aches. Trial size. 25 cents. All druggists. l'lt.lT'flK OF TIIK The superintendent at the Heth-Eden Sun day school , In a temperance talk , had In troduced to the children an elephant whoso tusks were made of wlno bottles and whoso limbs wcro of cigars , on which was seated a man with n deck of cards , from which IN lustration ho Intended to draw a moral lesson. "Now , children , toll mo ot what are the tusks made. " "Of wine bottles , " tnld Archio. "Of what are the limbs ? " "Of cigars , " cried another. "Now , children , " referring to the man on the back of the elephant , "what has the man In Ills hand ? " "Flvo spot of diamonds , " cried Johnny , who evidently know all about It. Johnnie Mamma , wasn't lt George Wash ington that couldn't tell a llo ? Mother Yes , niy child. Johnnie What clso did he do ? Mother He fought against the French and Indians , ho was n great engineer , ho led the American armies In the revolution , ho con quered the British , ho became president of the United States , ho did more for the free dom ot tha world than any man who over lived , and ho was first In war , llrst In peace , and first in the hearts of his countrymen , Johnnie ( after a long breath ) Gosh , mamma , ain't It funny that ho could do all those hard things , and couldn't do such an easy little thing as telling a llo ? Little G-ycar-old Mary Is of Scandinavian parentage , says the New York Herald , Somehow slio has gotten It Into her wee head that It IH n dlsgraoa to bo a Nor wegian , and will never suffer herself to bo called such without making an Indignant protest. Him was made happy a short tlmo ago by the advent ot a llttio baby brother. One night , shortly after this occurrence , her mother was very much astonished to hear her end her usual evening prayer with this rather startling request : "Please , God , don't make llttio brother a Norwegian. " At another tlmo she asked very earnestly of the writer : "Do you n'pose God made Nor wegians ? ' " Little Mabel ( ono of a family of seven ) recently wont to visit an aunt , whore she evidently had a very good time. The worn- Ing after her return nho was unusually silent at breakfast , and noticing her preoccupation her mother Inquired , "Well , Mabel , what arc you thlnltliiL' about ? " To which the little maid replied with a nigh of deep satisfaction , "Oh , I am HO glad that my children will have plenty ot aunties and uncles. " Citllu I'romplly C'urrd. A few days ago when I had an attack of cello In the bowels , I took a dose of Cham berlain's Colic , Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy , and within ten minutes all ot my cello pains had disappeared , I am highly pleased with the remedy and take pleasure In recommending It. 'A. Hearse , Chatham , Masa. 25 and CO cent bottles tor nalo by druggists. J d Sum Laroquo ban drifted from the South- era league to LewUton , Me.
