THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE. IH !
ESTABLISHED JUNE 10 , 1871. OMAHA , SUNDAVMOHNING , JtfLY ] , 1831-TWENTY PAGES. SINGLE COPY FIVE CENTS.
I TALK WITH LI HUNG CHANG
How "Tha Bismarck of China" Looie , Acts
M ' and Talks ,
LASTING FRIENDSHIP FOR GENERAL GRANT
n nn Opinion of Ilin Nctv Trriity
with Amorlcn AViiril Aliiiut the
1 ntiirc of l.'lilna Inftlilc Ktorlci
of tlio limit Viceroy.
' ( Copyright I8V4 by frank O. Carpenter. )
TIEN-TSIN , China , Juno 10. ( Special
Correspondence of The lice. ) I have just
returned from the palace of the greatest
plan In China. I refer to LI Hung Chang.
Ho 'Is- the premier of the Chinese govern
ment , the viceroy of the Imperial province
of Chill , and the power behind the throne
Which governs the futc of nearly 500,000,000
Of people. In his own province he has al
most supreme control of a population more
than half as large as that of the whole
United States , and here n wink of his eye
cai cut off a head. He has more power than
any ruler In Europe , with , perhaps , the
single exception of the c/ar , and he IN almost
the sole representative of the government In
Its dealings with foreign nations. He has
control of the Chinese navy. His army Is
by all odds the best In the empire and he
has nt his beck 10,000 more troops than the
Standing army of the United States. These
troops have been trained by European mili
tary officers. They are armed with the
latest of modern guns and they know no
master but LI Hung Chang. They are , In
fact , practically his slaves , nnd when an
. officer of the army disobeys his orders or
makes a ( also move he Is called to the
palace and asked to explain , When ho can-
Hot the viceroy sometimes grows very
angry and there are Instances , I am told , in
which ho boots the kneeling official clear out
Of the yamen.
Ll Hung Chang Is the most progressive
Chinaman of today. General Grant spent
come time with him here during his tour of
the world and the two talked over the
future of China together. They discussed
military and eivll matters , and General
Grant said he considered Ll Hung Chang one
of the greatest statesmen of the age. Ho
called him the Illsmnrck of China and was
wont to compare him with Gladstone. The
two men fell In love with each other and
they , corresponded to the day of General
Grant's death. Now , on every Decoration
day , the Chinese legation at Washington
Ecnds , by the orders of Li , flowers to place
on General Grant's grave , and during my
talk with the viceroy he was very solici
tous as to the health of Mrs. Grant. The
two men had a great deal In common.
Their careers were somewhat similar. Ll
was the BOH of n great scholar In the
province of Anhul. His father was , how
ever , poor , and he had no ofllclol rank. LI
was given n good Chinese education and he
soon jumped to the front as one of the great
scholars of China. He passed three public
examinations , which means that he was
three times ono of the 200 successful men
out of the 15,000 competitors , and at his last
examination ho took the highest degree of
the whole 15,000. He Is a member of the
Ilanlln college , the most learned body of
China , and he had n great deal to do In the
education of the emperor. His scholarship
gave him the position of military secretary
to General Tseng Kuo Fan , one of China's
most famous statesmen of the past , and from
here he rose to the governorship of the state
of Klangsl.
WON HIS SPURS.
He was acting as such during the Tal
Ping rebellion , and It was he who , In connec
tion with the American adventurer , Ward ,
and Chinese Gordon , put down this re
bellion. Ll Hung Chang was the coin-
mander-ln-chlef of the Imperial forces , and
the rebels were slaughtered by the millions.
It Is estimated that 10,000,000 people were
Wiled during this rebellion , nnd when It was
over Li's fortune was made. This was
away back In the ' 60s , and Ll Hung Chang
has since then been the leading figure In
Chinese history. He rose from his govern
orship to bo viceroy of Wuchang , and as
euch controlled millions of people In central
China. lie was next made the viceroy of
this , the Imperial province. His capital
Jiere Is one of the biggest cities of China ,
end It contains more than a million people.
It Is-the'ccnter of the northern trade of the
empire , and Ll has control of everything
that comes Into North China. This trade
amounts to many millions of dollars a year.
Something llko $3,000,000 In revenues pass
through Li's hands , and he spends vast sums
In all sorts of ways. No one knows how
much he Is worth. Some reports put him
high In the tens of millions , while others
pay he la comparatively poor. There Is no
doubt , however , but that he has a vast In
come , nnd his Investments Include steamship
companies , cotton factories , gold and silver
mines , railroad enterprises and real estate.
Ho Is a pure Chinaman , but he has
adopted many modern methods. Ho man
ages his great oinclal force much like one
of our western executives , and ho has a
etaff of interpreters who keep him posted
on what Is going on over the world. Ho
Hj subscribes to the clipping bureaus , and
everything that Is printed In Europe or
'America concerning China Is sent here and
translated for him. Ho has control of the
Chines telegraph system , and It was ho who
Introduced the electric wire- Into China.
From his capital run now more than 8,000
miles of wire , connecting him with the cm-
jicror and with the governors of all the
provinces , and ho has the news of all the
world cablc < l to him dally. Last night n
dispatch cnmo which created a great excite
ment among the people here. It was that
the president of the United States was dead.
The consuls were all expecting telegrams
corroborating It , and a dispatch was sent to
Peking stating the fact to the American le
gation there. 'Late In the evening , however ,
the message was repented , and It was found
that It was the president of Peru , which
country has n Chinese name much llko that
used for the United States , who had died
instead of President Cleveland.
Ll had the news of the Chinese treaty
with America cabled him before the Ameri
can consul or our minister knew anything
about It , nnd during my talk with him I was
tmrprtsod to. find that he was well up In
all news matters connected with the United
States.
THE RIDE TO THE PALACE.
Dut lot me describe the Interview I had
with tills great statesman In his palnro
hero today. It was arranged for me through
our consul to Tlen-Tsln , Mr. Sheridan P.
Reade , nnd the secretary of the Clilnesu
navy , Hon. Lo Feng Lull. This last man
la the Dan Lament of Earl Ll. Ho U the
private secretary and confidential emissary
In all matters connected with foreigners.
Ho gpeakB English and French perfectly ,
ltd Is well posted on English and French
literature. It was he who acted as my In
terpreter with the viceroy , nnd It was ho
who notified me that his excellency , the
viceroy , would receive me at half-past 4
this Afternoon. I rode to the palace In
date In a box like a chair covered with
finest of blno cloth and linings of light blue
satin. This waa swung between two poles ,
i-ACh twenty f et long , and was carried by
four Chinamen In n livery of blue and red
cotton. They worn high bhck caps with
turned up brims and on the top of each cap
Jhero was a tassel of silk of the gaudiest
red , In front of me marched the Tlng-Chl
of' our legation , who was also gorgeously
dressed , and ho on horseback cleared the
streets for .UK. H U about four miles from
my hotel to the palace and the route 1'es
through the busiest part of ono of the
buitest cltei | of China. Leaving the hotel
we went past mountains of merchandise
stored In bag * and lying on wharves nlong
the Pcl-Ho nnd cut our way throueh the
narrow strcta of Tlen-Tsln. Wo grazed
chairs with mandarin ! ! , who , with their ret
inues and bands pompously ptmhtd their
way along. Wo steppedover ragged beg
gars lying on the streets clad only In coffee
nicking find oxK | ) lng their .Eclf-nrado
wound ; ) to our disgusted eyes. We passed
humlrtdfi , T might say thousands , of Chinese
stores and workshops of all descriptions
and going through wall after wall and
gate after Igato , crocrlng great brldgco ,
which closed to let un go over them , until
nt last we cnmi > U a big one-story building ,
the front gate of thn wall which surrounds
the hundred odd houses which make- the
residence of Earl Ll. Th < "so IIOUFCS are of
ono story and they are built about courts.
The first court Is guarded by soldiers anil by
two creen wooden lions with hldious faces ,
and beyond this there are great door * on
which are painted the Ohlncsn gods of war.
Ilcfore these mv chair wan set down and
the Tlng-Chl went In lo annnunre my coin-
Ing. My Chinese card , a atrip of red paper
six Inches long and three wide bearing the
Chinese characters "Kow Ping Tth" ( Car
penter ) and meaning , I was told by the ir.nn
who wrote the card for me , "energetic ,
bright , brilliant , " was carried Into the ynmen
and n moment later an oinclal motioned mete
to enter.
INTERVIEW WITH THE VICEROY.
1 was first led Into two reception rooms
and was given a seat In the more honored
one of the two , the place reserved for
Chinese mandarins of high rank. It was
rather ragged for a palace and for .the ruler
of such a vast people. It was , I judge ,
thirty feet square , and twelve feet from
floor to celling. Around the wall ran n divan
three feet wide , and so high that when I
sat down UIKJII It my toes juiit touched the
floor. This divan was covered with thn
cheapest of red cotton cushions , each of
which was about an Inch In thickness and
about three feet square. Above these
against the wall there was a strip of Japa
nese reil and blue flowered goods , perhaps
a yard wide , and from the ledge of the
divan hung down n Turkey red cotton cur
tain a foot nnd a half long. There was no
carpet on the floor , and the paper on the
walls cost , I venture , 8 cents a roll. The
whole outfit of the reception room could bo
knocked up In America for $25 , and there
was nothing ostentatious about It. The call
ers , however , made up In the gorgcousness
of their costumes for the lack of splendor
In their surroundings. There were mandar
ins In furs which must have cost hundreds
of taels. There were officials In the finest
of silks , wearing the costliest of jewels , and
a moment after I arrived a servant brought
In two cups of tea of n variety too precious
to be exported to the United States. This
tea was placed upon n little table which
rested upon the divan , and It had not had a
chance to cool before the secretary of the
navy entered , He was clad In dark silks
lined with the finest of fur , such as our
belles use for the lining of their opera cloaks ,
and he had on his head a cap with a button
of rank. He chatted with me as we sipped
our tea , making a loud noise with our mouths
In doing so , according to Chinese etiquette ,
and the conversation ranged from politics to
photography , the naval secretary being much
Interested In stereoptlcons and wanting to
know the best American makes.
After a time the word came that the
viceroy was ready to receive us. Wo rose
and walked out behind a gorgeous but
somber official , who held my red cird high
up In the air before him and strutted like
a drum major. We passed through hall
after hall , going by lackeys who saluted
us like so many automatons as we went.
We walked through long corridors running
around open courts and at last came Into
a largo parlor furnished In half Chinese
half European style. Hero near a Japeneso
screen by a table stood a tall old man to
whom tiio secretary of the navy bowed
low as he Introduce1 ! mo. It was Ll Hung
Chang , the great viceroy of China. His per
sonality Impressed me even more forcibly
today than when I met him In that same
room five years ago. He Is now 74 years
of age , but he stands firmly andl his long
gown , which reaches to his feet , makes him
look like a giant. He is In fact six feet
two Inches In his Blockings , and the thick
soles of his Chinese shoes add another Inch
to his stature. He has a slight stoop. His
shoulders are broad and In his prime he
must have possessed great muscular power.
Ho is by no means an old looking man to
day. There are few wrinkles In his cream-
colored face , and his straggling' beard Is
black mixed with silver. His eyes are
black , bright and piercing nnd the eyelids
are of the pronounced almond shape. He
has high cheek bones and a full forehead.
His checks are rosy , partially due to his
health and partly due to the application of
electricity , which they receive dally to cure
him from tlR facial piralysls from which ho
for a long time suffered. His black cue la
mixed with gray and his head when I met
him today was crowned with a black satin
Chinese cap. In the front of which glittered
a solitaire diamond us big as the end of
your thumb. .
Ll Hung Chang has a slender but power
ful hand. His fingers are long and thin nnd
on one of them I noticed a magnificent ring
of diamonds and opals. His costume was ,
In fact , a gorgeous and costly one. His
gown was of the finest yellow satin , and
his coat , which covered his body to his
thighs , was of rich oaal brown velvet , fas
tened with buttons of gold. Ills trousers
were also of wadded satin nnd they were
tied with satin strings about the ankles
above his black satin boots. The stories I
had heard of his kicking nls officers made
me regard these with Interest. I had no
fear that ho would try them on me. but I
noted their white soles were two Inches
thick , and that they might easily break a
leg If vigorously applied.
SIMPLE HAIHTS OF LIFE.
Ll llung Chang received me with a stately
bow , slightly bending his body , but not offer-
In his hand. He then motioned mo to follow
him and conducted mo into tlio second par
lor , where he received visitors of state.
Here ho seated himself at the head of a
long1 table and placed me on the- left , which
Is the Chinese seat of honor. The secretari
at the navy sat on the right and acted as
his Interpreter. The American consul
laughed at mo when I told him I expected
to get an Interview out of the viceroy. He
said the viceroy would do the Interviewing
and that I would be the subject. I found II
even so , but between the questions I man
aged to Interject enough of my own to get
a deal of Information concerning himself
nnd his country. The talk commenced with
Ills asking me how old I was. I told him
and thereupon said that I hoped that. If 'f-
llved to be 71 I would look as healthy and
bo able to work as hard at that ago as he
did. I said to him that ho looked no older
than he did when I was here five years ago ,
and asked him what was the secret whereby
ho was able to retained his wonderful youth.
As this was translated to him the viceroy's
eye brightened. I could see the remark
pleased him and ho replied : "You are right
when you think I have good health. I do a
great deal of work nnd I expect to do n
great deal In the years to come. In your
country people say that a man should divide
his day Into three parts. Eight hours should
bo devoted to sleep , eight to out of door ex-
erclne and eight to work. I sleep only five
hours a day. I work about twelve hours and
I take a regular amount of exercise every
day , I think my health Is largely duo to
my temperance and to the regularity of my
habits. I do everything by rule and I plan
my work systematically. I don't worry and
I Bleep well. I requlied eight hours sleep
until I was 30 years of age , but now I find
that live are sufficient for me , I do not exer
cise In the open air , but takea walk within
the yamen every day and limit myself to a
certain number of steps. " Hero Mr. Lo. the
Interpreter , added : "Ills excellency takes
6 000 steps In the way of exercising dally
and he finds this exercise > eeps his muscles
In good condition. " I hear otherwheres that
he dots not like to go out of his palace be-
iraiuo of the pomp which must 'always attend
him. Ho Is as much of a curiosity to the
people as the president of the United States
U In one of our country towns. The people
of Tlen-T ln look upon him with as much
awe as they do the emperor , ana when he
tried the other day to take a qu ! 4 walk tht
crowds blocked his way and he had to re
turn. Now whenever he gees out he haste
to take a large body guard of soldier * with I
him and ho rides In a chair with officials
going In front to clear the way.
I asked as to his diet. The -question was
repeated to him and bin answer , as trans
lated , was : "I believe that man should be
very careful of his eating , and I never over
load my stomach. I know by experience
what agrees with me , and I take nothing
"Iso. The foreign doctors tell mo I ought
to eat more heavy meats , but I find that a
mixed Chinese and European diet suits me
best. I believe In eating plenty of vegeta
bles. I think well of beef Juice and eat
considerable of It. I do not drink much
\vinc and think man Is just as Well oft
without It. "
BETTER THAN NOTHING.
The conversation here turned to other
matters , and after referring to the treat
ment of the Chinese In the United States
the viceroy spoke rather sarcastically of the
treaty which has lately been concluded be
tween the two countries. Said he , In re
sponse to my question as to how he liked
It : "I do not think It gives China all that
she should have , but a poor treaty Is better
than no treaty. As It was we had practi
cally nothing. Now we have something , nnd
something Is always better than nothing. "
I referred to the future of China , and
asked the viceroy whether he thought the
country would bo developed by Europeans
or by the Chinese. He replied that there
would undoubtedly be a great development
and that railroads would cover China as
with a net. He believes that It will eventu
ally do all Its own manufacturing and that
In the future It will entej the markets of
the worid as a great manufacturing nation.
Already , he told me , the statesmen of the
empire arc making experiments of all kinds
In this line , and their cotton factories arc
today among the largest of the world , and
other vast works are planned. He gave mete
to understand , though he did not use these
words , that the motto of China from now
on would be "China for the Chinese , " nnd
Intimated that the Chinaman could hold his
own against the world as a worker and
manufacturer. He was very gracious In his
treatment of me , nnd the Interview lasted
for nearly an hour. It was closed by the
bringing In of three glasses of champagne ,
after the sipping of which the viceroy
walked with myself and Mr. Lo Feng Lull
out to the outer door of the yamen and
shook my hand In American fashion as he
said good bve.
HOW THE VICEROY WORKS.
From further Inquiries I learned something
more of the habits of this wonderful man.
He Is , you know , the Gladstone of the Orient
the grand old man of almond-eyed human
ity. He does ns much work ns Gladstone ,
and at more than three score nnd ten he Is
Intellectun'ly and physlca'ly sound. Ho works
all day and lies down at night and sleeps
llko a baby. He rises very early , and his
first meal Is taken at 7 a. in. This consists
of birds' nest soup , rice congee or rice soup ,
and a cup of coffee without milk or sugar.
He adds to this one or two grains of quinine
nnd takes these at the close of the meal.
After breakfast he goes at once to work.
His office Is next to his bedroom. He finds
about a bushel of dispatches from all over
the empire and the world on his table as he
comes In. He glances over tnese rapidly ,
telling his secretaries how they should be
disposed of. Sometimes he jots down a note
in Chinese characters upon them , Indicating
the action to be taken In regard to them , and
at others calls In the men who have charge of
the departments to which they refer , and
gives ills orders orally. By 11 o'clock he has
looked through the pile and has passed upon
such others as come In. His private business
now commands his attention for a time ,
and at 12 o'clock he is ready for his luncheon.
This Is a sort of Chinese dinner and It usually -
ally comprises about eight courses. First ,
there Is a soup served In a little bowl. Next ,
some shark's fins , which he eats with his
Ivory chopsticks , and following these , other
dishes of meats and vegetables , all cooked
so well that they may be picked apart with
the chopsticks , and so that his teeth have
practically nothing to do. After dinner he
goes again to his work. At 2 o'clock he
takes his three electrical shocks. He Is a
great believer In electricity , nnd thinks that
this treatment has saved his life. He , next
takes his exercise , and during the day when
he wants to rest his brain he amuses himself
In copying the best specimens of the Chinese
characters. In other words , he writes the
alphabet over and over again. The Chinese
language , however , contains , all told , some
thing like 40,000 characters , so you will see
he has variety even In his play. He goes
back to his work after supper , but spends
a part of every evening with his family.
His favorite wife died a year or so ago , but
his second wife , a woman of about 40 , Is still
living , and I am told he manifests no dispo
sition to take a third. He has now three
sons and two daughters , and about a dozen
grandchildren. He is very fond of his
grandchildren. They play with him , crawl
all over him , pull his beard and queue , and
tyrannize over him Just as do their kind
In the humblest families of the empire. His
children have nil had good educations , and
they have been brought up under a foreign
tutor , on American , who is a graduate of one
of our best colleges. The brightest of the
lot Is the younger of the two boys. Lord Li
Chlng Mnl , who Is still with his father , but
who has been given a place In the official
service of China by the emperor. He Is only
17 years of age. but he speaks the English
American college student and
as well as any
ho has already a good English education ,
lie takes after his father 'n ' his Physique
and In his Intellectual ways. He Is already
and 1 see considerate
nearly six feet In height
ate resemblance between his features and
? hose of the old viceroy. He Is. I am oh
possessed of great natural abilities , and It
Ts predicted that he will do much for modern
progress In the China of the future.
11K11 VIIOIVK.
Tom Mnsson In Detroit Free Press.
For costly Mowers , she stated ,
In a murmur animated.
Her tiisto hail been quite sated ,
And she could not cciunteiimice
The itlrls who love to fritter
T eir cash on thlnss that Bllttcr ;
Yea , nhe liked a gown to lit her ,
Hut she ppurneU extravagance.
She liked thing * , oh. PO simple ,
And she conjured up a illinplu
That Het my heart n rlinple
With a love you'll i-omprehcnd.
Ami he said she thought 'twas funny
With a voice us sweet as honey.
Other girls should squander money
On the things that have no end.
With her sweet blue eyes uplifted.
She despised the maids who shifted
From one man to une more gifted
With the wherewithal to pay.
And she HlKhcil with deep emotion ,
At those trips across the ocean
Just to humor some girls notion ,
When 'twiiH best nt home to stay.
And In tones that knew no quelling ,
She grew eloquent In telling
Of the carved and figured dwelling
That tin- modern girl iltslreil.
Such a waste ! "Twas characteristic.
Of the sex. So Inartistic !
And she grew quite syllogistic ,
JlUL'i the theme she hail Inspired.
aunJr.1 1 declared , she Jested ;
Ami quite freely Interested.
From this maiden I requested
A much more explicit view.
Of the kind of housi- she wanted
For with love my heart was haunted-
And she said , with face undaunted ,
That u plain brown stone would do.
Took ll" > CliKiirc ,
A toll man with wlldncss In his ej j
rushed Into an all-night drug store about 3
o'clcck the other morning , says the Iluffalo
Express , and shouted at the top of his
voice :
"Lend mo 50 cents. "
The dozing clerk uoke up with a start.
"What's that ? " he asked ,
"Lend me 60 cents. "
"Who are you ? "
"Lend me 60 cents. "
"Why should I lend you anything ? Get
out of here , "
"Do I get It ? "
"Get what ? "
"The fifty. "
"No , you don't get It.-
The tall man turned to go out. "All
right , " ho talil pacifically , "I didn't 8uppo e
would , but you can never tell when you're
to run against a sucker. "
PATRIOTISM'S ' RDCLE CALL
Heal Significance of Independence Day to
the Youth of thu Nation.
VIEWS OF SOLDIERS AND STATESMEN
Patriotic Itlmpvxly from n Snuthnrncr Kx-
Scnutnr Ingnll * Draw * Htrlklng Infer-
cncm < lcn. Mile * . Writes of Patriot
IMM Views of KreU DondnM.
Patriotism , like chivalry , Is sold by many
to be dying out of the world. But this Is
pessimistic and untrue. Patriotism ,
llko chivalry , Is merely shedding Its old
coat , and assuming more modern , convenient
and practical apparel.
Ono of the marked characteristics of pa
triotism , an once understood. was hatred
hatred of the people or nation , that ) mightc
stand In the way of encli man's native land.
That fierce tendency to destroy a neighbor ,
to look with sullen jedlousy upon his prop
erty , to shrink from Intercourse that might
bo profitable to both , was a marked feature
of that old-fashioned love of country. For
the Greeks all outsiders were barbarians ;
for the Romans , enemies or subjects. The
glory of Rome could not brook the shadow
of a rival's power. "Aut Caesar aut nlhll"
was the Roman warrior's motto. Empire ,
absolute and universal , was the aim ot the
patriot statesman ; conquest , brutal and sav
age , the patriot warrldr's only aim.
It wan not much better In the middle ages.
The same feeling of hostility to others was
part of the love each citizen felt for his own
country. The dividing river w.is the boun
dary which his love of man did not/ / and
could not cross. Pcrliaps It was natural
enough when war was chronic. How could
the Frenchman , love the German who lir.cl
the year bforo Invadell and devastated his
soil ? How could the German feel emo-
tlons of the centler kind toward his neighbor -
bor of Gaul when he knew that that neighbor -
bor had overrun and 'ravaged his hind In
the post , and was very .likely to do so In the
near future ? Constant war dried up the
fountain of love In the human heart. Nor
had the world yet learned the lesson that
commerce was so soon to teach , viz. : that
you can make more out'of your neighbors by
feeding nnd clothing .than by killing and
maiming them.
The 'patriotism ot today has lost the old
clement of savagery. Steamships , railroads ,
telegraphs have bound nations together as
they were never bound before. Terence's
beautiful line , "I am a man , and therefore
concerned in all that Interests mankind , "
has never been so true as It is today. Men
are knit together by mutual Interest. The
great secret has been discovered that trade
on just terms cuddies'.both parties to the
contest. Patriotism ,18 , not dead or dying ;
It Is simply Intelligent. f J\Vo love our coun
try because It Is 'our country ; wo
honor and reverence qur'llag because It Is
the symbol of that country nnd carries In
Its honorable folds a { ec'ord Which we cannot
afford to forget , a promise which will en
rich the coming generations , an emblem of
liberty and law for the enfranchisement nnd
happiness of all. This Is the patriotism
that our children shall , be taught. Not the
jealous haste to Invoke \Jolcnce and wrath.
Rather the assured confidence and trust that
our nation is great enough , strong
enough , generous cnpugh to bo slow
to anger. It may be 'that the madness
of another nation may -arouse our people
some day to just resentment ; then *
Let mo end with the oldBtory , 'Of 'Stephen' '
son , the Inventor of the' railway. One of
his objectors cunningly suggested that per
haps a cow might get In the locomotive's
way and endanger the lives of the fool
hardy passengers. 'Yes , answered the
Scotchman thoughtfully , a cow ( or as he
called It , a coo ) might get In the way , but
that would be very bad for the coo.
F. It. COUDERT.
A BIllfHDAY.
Next to faith In God , faith In one's counf
try Is needed to make good citizens. The
very word patriotism means the relation
of the child to the parent. Amid the pres
ent clamor "and blatent protestations of so-
called patriots , we should remember that
no help can come from the immoral. The
Irreligious profane the sacred altar of
patriotism , and their so-called worship Is
sacrilege. No country ever rested so Im
plicitly on the virtue , pf Its people. Our
noble Institutions cannot be upheld by un
worthy or fraudulent means. The storms
of financial depression may sweep over the
land , but so long as we hold fast to our
traditions , we are safe. Our Fourth of
Juiy Is something niore than a national
holiday , for It has the deeper significance
of being the birthday , of a God-fearing peo-
ple.MADELEINE
MADELEINE VTNTON DAIILGREN.
ARE MEN REALLY EQUAL ?
According to Thomas Jefferson , this gov
ernment was established upon the self-evi
dent truth that all men are created equal ,
and endowed by God with the right to live ,
to be free , and to pursue happlnos. Was
Thomas Thumb created physically equal to
James Corbctt ; Doss MoKane morally to Ly-
man Abbott ; Joe Holer intellectually to Mar
ion Crawford ? If not ; , what did Thomas
Jefferson mean by his glittering phrase about
the equality of man ?
If an American citizen , In the pursuit of
happiness , concludes to be a drunkard , a vag
abond and a thief , IK ho entitled to the same
wage and compensationias the man who is
sober , intelligent , honest. , and Industrious ?
Has he the right to refuse to work , and also
to beat , wound amlklj ! another man , pos
sessing the same rights' as himself , who Is
willing to take the plae ? If two men de
sire to visit Washington , has ono the right
to steal a railroad train while the other Is
compelled to pay his fare or go afoot ? To
what proportion of the- earnings and the-accu
mulations of thrifty farmers , tradesmen and
mechanics are the tramps , bummers , loafers
and voluntary paupers of the country enti
tled ? Has the government any money for
making good roads ( < or any other purpose ,
that has not been contributed through the
taxation of Its citizens ? What is the wealth
or the credit of the nation but the combined
wealth and credit ot Its people ? Has one
man the right to earn more money than an
other man , and If not , wbo Is entitled to the
surplus ? Is the poverty ! of the poor due to
the wealth of the rlchj If all the assets of
the country wore forcIb.lV 'distributed on the
Fourth of July per capita , so that all men
were equal , and tho-Injustice arising from
the'lnequltable dlvUlonti'f property was cor
rected , how long before another partition
would be demanded by , the reformers who
labor with the weapon o ( Sampson and claim
to bo the chosen oud peculiar champions of
popular rights and constitutional liberty ?
American civilization le now engaged In the
consideration of these questions , and the re
sult will give additional jirojf of the capacity
of the people for Belt-government. The con
servative and destructive forces of society
are arrayed In conflict , j nd there lias been
no crisis In our history when It was of such
Importance that the rating should be In
structed In the fundamental principles of our
political system.JOUN J. ING A U.S.
PATRIOTIC RESPONSIBILITY. '
The real strength of a nation IH not
measured by mere number * , or wealth of
material resources. Indeed , these outward
and apparent slgn of proiptrlty may be the
most Htriklnir at the very time when Its
character nnd life arc In process of dissolu
tion. This Idea hug been cxpreticJ In the
well known couplet i
"III fares the Inntl , lo hastening Ills n prey.
Where wealth accumulate ami men decay. "
The moment of greatest danger Is not
where the land in beleaguered by armed
foes , A united nation , nTod. with bravo
and patriotic citizens , llx seldom beaten
down beyond recuperation by torco of arum.
Such trials mit fan to fierce heat the em
bers of patriotism.
U Is JUKI at nuch times as the present ,
after ft period of prolonged ptacc , when
the dangers arc greatest. If the experi
ment of free government , Attempted by
our republic on a grander and more com
prehensive scale than ever before , U to fall ,
It will not be from any outward foe.
What wo have most to fear Is the cynical
struggle for personal success , rcsarJ.1 s of
the public weal , or , stl.l worse , the apathy
to corruption In public affairs , the decay of
the civic virtues , which so often accompanies
ease , luxury and long Immunity from dan
ger.
ger.A
A nation Is composed of Individuals , and
the t piano upon which Its affairs are con
ducted , the spirit which Inspires Its policy ,
can bo no higher than that of Us average
citizen. These truths and the patriotic
tc responsibility resting on each Individual
citizen of the republic cannot be too deeply
Impressed I upon the mlmls of the youth of
our land. NELSON A. MILES ,
Major General United Stales Army.
A GREED FOR GAIN.
At times like these we arc apt to Indulge
In I so much praise and exultation as to forget
the great responsibilities Imposed upon tie
by citizenship In this , the greatest of all
nations. The wonderful resources of our
country cannot be wasted without Injury
to our peopie , nor can we afford legislation
which gives Into the hands of a few our
rapidly Increasing wealth. Our form of gov
ernment Is the most perfect ever devised ,
and yet It will not run Itself. The people
must depend upon themselves to secure pa
triotism , Integrity and Intelligence , upon the
bench , In executive offices , and In legislative
halls. 1 To secure the right kind of officials
every citizen must do his duty at the pri
mary , at the convention and at the polls.
And on this , the nation's day , It will not be
out of place for those who excuse themselves
from Jury service on the ground of Important
business to consider whether any business IB
more Important than that of keeping the
courts of Justice free from the taint of the
professional Juror and the professional jury
packer. The growth of cnoimous corpora
tions In our midst , the Inequality In financial
means and Influence observable on every
hand , make It necessary that the govern
ment should redouble Its care lest the strong
and powerful trespass upon the rights of
the weak and defenseless. In my boyhood
days I remember that we used to put rings
In , the noses of hogs not to prevent them
from getting fat , but to keep them from de
stroying more than they were worth. We
are all selfish and to a greater or less extent
Illustrate the tendencies of the hog , and It Is
necessary that the government should , fig
more than they are worth In their greed for
caln. W. J. I3RYAN.
TRUE TO OUR CONSTITUTION.
In politics , morals and religion , and In all
things desirable , truth must be the basis of
effort and object. The rails must be true
to the level and to each other for safety and
speed. The sides of the ship must be true ,
In I order to stand evenly upon her keel. The
wall must be vertically true or It will come
down ' with a crash. Our government must
be true to Its constitution and its profes
sions or it will not stand. It professes six
objects , not more than one of which has been
thus far obtained. Neither "Union , " "Trnn-
qulllty. " "Defense , " "Justice , " "Welfare"
nor "Liberty" has been truthfully sought
or attained by It. For union we have
antagonism ; for tranqulllty , agitation ; for
the citizen's defense we have been relegated
to the state's ; for justice we have had race
discrimination ; for liberty , we have had
slavery , and for general welfare we have
had sectional favoritism.
What Is now needed Is simple truth , an
honest conformity by the government to the
constitution of the United States , a consci
entious discharge of the duties of the Chris
tian religion , without partiality and without
hypocrisy. If there shall be moral stamina
tnbtfglf In" tis foF'fhls'Ve need have -no fear
of any harm from within or from without ,
now or hereafter , for salvation is Itself based
upon truth. FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
"I AM AN AMERICAN CUTIZEN. "
The course , of civilization has differed
little 1 In the past , nor Is it likely to differ
In the future , from the processes of na
ture In her dcallns with the animal nnd
vegetable kingdoms. Among nations , as
among men. and beasts , and birds , and
flowers , and trees , the story Is one of germ ,
and birth , and growth , maturity , decline ,
decay and disappearance.
How blessed ore we who llvo at the pres
ent time In America. What other nation
of the earth compares with these United
States , In the development of the presenter
or the promise of the future ?
Our temporary depression is not peculiar
to America ; but , even If it was , It Is a mere
evanescent condition , nowlss affecting the
general statement above.
Without the toll and pain of the pioneers
wp possess the fecund soil they rescued
from the savage and the wilderness. " Wo
have a government , a certainty , known and
supported by the low and loyalty of all ,
but built , by our Immediate predecessors ,
out of a ghastly doubt , at a cost of blood
and treasure almost beyond compute.
Ours Is nn Intellectual and social culture
which begins to vie with the highest nnd
the best , evolved from an ancestry whose
harder tasks and lot rendered such as ours
Impossible to them and the Inheritance of
It by us , their offspring , almost Incredible.
Oh ! happy day of our birth ! which made
our lives fall In a time when our lands ,
our government , our civilization are still
developing , still Improving , as none other on
God's footstool.
No wonder that blessings like these bring
us that greater of national blessings , a
patriotism In which there Is a joyous sense
of liberty , and an allegiance undivided.
Behind us He , with their lessons and their
warnings , the dead civilizations of the past.
About us , worthy of our highest emulation ,
are the splendid empires of today. The fu
ture may contain the germ of our decay.
Thank heaven it Is nowhere apparent now.
Here , with all the hard labors of the begin
ning well performed , before we came upon
life's scene , Is our own peerless country ,
rich , free , populous , united , growing , and
with possibilities still opening up to ambi
tion , and to hope such.as are found In no
other nation on the globe. ' What prouder
or more stimulating thought can human Im
agination conjure up to us than the ever-
present fact , "I am an American citizen ! "
JOHN S. WISE.
nniGHTER DAYS PAWNING.
That the disturbed relations of public af
fairs ore almost wholly caused by an utibct-
tlcd tariff Is my firm conviction ; therefore ,
the present selfish policy of those In author
ity , whereby only personal sectional Inter
ests are considered , should be unhesitatingly
condemned. Limited means , and other dis
astrous circumstances eo much deplored , are
the results of such a course , and thus readily
accounted for.
Formerly , the wisdom of statesmen guided
the affair of state , nnd , recalling that fact ,
tlio conditions now so changed can only be
considered by every thoughtful lover of his
country with sincere regret. Not until con
gress IH again composed of men of wise In
telligence , whoso solo pVDse shall bo the
highest good of all claiMiIn all sections ,
can any radical reform bo expected.
Notwithstanding current national unrest
because we are passing through a period of
depression , no real cause for despondency ex
ists. As a nation , we are rich In resources
against the world In cveythlng , arid the prac
tical lessons already learned by our recent
trying experiences will aid , In my judgment ,
In ushering in the dawn of that brighter day
which Is sure to come.
The youth of our glorious country cannot
have too strongly Impressed upon them the
great truth , that those grand principles ,
which were the foundation of cur republic ,
and have predominated hitherto through
many years of the nation's life , are the only
ones that will Insure a reign of equity ,
prosperity and goodwill.ALBERT
ALBERT A. POPE.
OUR INSTITUTIONS WILL ENDURE.
The approach of the birthday of our na
tional Independence should cause us to pause , a
end reflect where we are , where we have
been and where we are going , and to ea
If wo can. have renewed hoqe and comfort for
the future.
Our yet young republic bag passed
through ordeals of tlm fiercest character ,
and Almost of every Ocrcrlntlon , btil shn
has come out of them mure vigorous , from
the very strain placed upon her by these
struggles :
"At onoe Antneos , on the I.lbynn Mrnml ,
More fierce recovered when he rcncheil the
fund. "
With governments as with Individual ! ' ,
there Is no siiccecs without trials and hard
ships , and nothing Is enjoyed save that
which Is won through them.
No one thing , In war or In peace , has
tested our country's stability more thor
oughly than the financial stagnation of the
past twelve months , and not one. In nil our
history , establishes more firmly the fact th.it
under all circumstances our Institutions will
endure nnd grow more solid with the com
ing and going of the years.
Seeing now the storm weathered nnd the
clouds departing after this long spell of
gloom and depression , the spirit of Amer
icanism must become deeper and more ani
mated with us nil , and cause each and
every ono of us to look upon our country
with wonder , admiration nnd love :
"Sail on , oh , Ship uf State , "
and
"God speed hrr , keep her , bless her while
slitstiors
Amid the breakers of unsounded years' . "
A. II. OAKLAND.
THE TEXAN GOVERNOR.
If by "Americanism" you mean the prin
ciples of American government , an embodied
In our federal constitution , then I think Its
"abiding strength" has been demonstrated
beyond question , and no better work can
be done at this time by any one thnn to
keep these principles of government squarely
before the people In order that they may
not be lost sight of. J. S. HOGG.
THE EX-MINISTER TO HAYTI.
At this season of the yc.ir It Is natural
for patriots to take an optimistic view of
the future of the republic. Do the signs of
the times Justify it ? The first century of
our national existence was spent In a dcs-
pernto strugle to make the constitution conform -
form to the principles of the Declaration ot
Independence the one being the makeshift
of politicians seeking to placate conflicting
Interests of sections , the other the well coil'
sldercd declarations ) of a philosopher , whoso
education was finished In the terrible school
of the French revolution. The Issues were
finally settled at Appomattox court house.
The Issues with which we are now dealing
and which v/lll be the chief concern of the
second century of our national vxlstence ,
will center around Industrial slavery Instead
of chattel slavery. Instead of being com-
l > osed almost entirely of llrltlsli stock , edu
cated In the restraints of self-government ,
upon the democratic maxim that that gov-
eminent Is best which governs least , our
population Is now dominated by men edu-
catcd In the school of tyranny , upon the
semi-barbarous maxim that that government
Is best which governs most. State social
ism and democracy already confront each
other.
Every patriot believes that the abiding
strength of Americanism will prevail over
the continental heresies which will seek to
destroy Individualism nnd exalt the state
to make of Edward Ilellamy n prophet and
of Thomas Jefferson a dreamer.
T. THOMAS FORTUNE.
Mrs. Julia J. Irvine , the new president
of Wellesley college , Is a sister of Buffalo
Dill.
Acting Provost Harrison of the University
of Pennsylvania has appointed as vice provost
vest Prof. George S. Fullerton of the chair
of Intellectual' nnd moral philosophy In the
university.
The summer meeting of the University
Extension society opens tomorrow In the
hall of the University ot Pennsylvania , Phil
adelphia. The lecturers are among the
most emlngnt educators In the .country and
the topics' embrace literature , science and
art , pedagogy , mathematics , music , history
and civics.
The Importance of teaching dressmaking
at the Drexel Institute Is shown by the fact
that In large establishments It Is said they
find the greatest difficulty at all times In
securing really skillful nnd competent dress
makers who know their business. There
are hundreds of alleged dressmakers who are
just seamstresses and know absolutely noth
ing about fitting a gown.
Harvard Is about to give nn A. I ) , to her
first Bulgarian student , Stoyan 1C. Vntrul-
sky. HA Is 32 , the son of a shepherd and Is
much Indebted to American missionaries for
the course his life has taken. The teacher
who has most directed his religious thought
while In this country Is Dr. Lyman Abbott.
Ho hopes to write and lecture , as ho has
already done In this country.
Cornell graduated a class of 272 at Its
twenty-sixth annual commencement last
week. There were twenty-six bachelors of
arts , twenty-four bachelors of philosophy ,
thirteen bachelors of letters , thirty-eight
bachelors of science , twenty-five civil engi
neers , eighty-one mechanical engineers , In
cluding thirty-eight In electrical en
gineering , and sixty-five bachelors of laws.
No less than seventy-six advanced degrees
were conferred , sixteen of them being doc-
tors of philosophy a record unsurpassed by
any other American university. All were
earned by study and residence at the univer
sity , as Cornell is one of the few American
Institutions that do not confer honorary de
grees , and thereby lower the value of ad
vanced degrees by making them so common.
The trustees of Cornell university made
the following appointments at their annual
meeting last week : Prof. Goldwln Smith ,
formerly reglus professor of history at Ox
ford , was elected professor of English his
tory. Emeritus ; Hon. Francis M. Finch was
elected professor of the history and evolution
of law , the appointment to take effect Janu
ary 1 , 1S9G , when his term as justice of the
New York court of appeals expires ; Assist
ant Professors Wlllcox , Dennis nnd Jacoby
were promoted to be associate professors
with Increased salaries. The trustees ap
propriated $2,400 for the purchase of Instru
ments for the Cornell cadet band of fifty
pieces , which has now become ono of the
finest amateur military bands In the coun
try.
try.Radical
Radical changes are announced In the
course of undergraduate studies at Johns
Hopkins , some to go Into effect at the be
ginning of the next academic year and oth
ers not until October , 1695. The latter are
the most Important , as they prefix a year's
work to the rngular three years' study
course for the baccalaureate degree , making
the full college course four years , as In other
colleges. The preliminary year is designed
for candidates for matriculation. A resi
dence of four years will be necessary to the
attainment of the degree of bachelor of arts.
The undergraduate couree will bedivided
Into seven elective groups of study. Five-
hours weekly were formerly given to the
principal courses of study , but under the
new system no course of study will include
more than four hours , except philosophy , to
which five hours will be given In the third
year ,
In the death of Prof. Herbert Tuttle Cornell - .
nell loses ono of her most brilliant profes- t
tors , and American scholarship one of Its
brightest lights. His great work was the
'History of Prussia , " of which three volumes
appeared , bringing Prussian history down to
the end of Frederick the Great's reign. U Is
the standard work on the subject. As an
academic lecturer , Prof. Tuttle had no su
periors In tliofe qualities of clearness , accu
racy and force which , go furthest toward
equipping the successful teacher. Horn In
1846 , he took his baccalaureate degree In
18GU and followed journalism until 1ESO ,
when he became n lecturer on International
law and political science. In 1887 ho was
made protestor of the history of political
and municipal Institutions and International
law and In 1891 ho was , at his own request ,
transferred to the chair of modern European
history. Ills decease at the comparatively
early age of 47 will bo deeply regretted
wherever hlu scholarship has made Itself
felt.
New Theory of Anrornl
The latent theory concerning the canto of
the aurora borealls has been deduced from
careful analysis of that light thrown
through a spectroscope. Thin unique ex
periment clearly establishes the fact that
It IH caused by en electrical discharge
among the particles of meteoric Iron dust
contained la Uio Uao i > utro ,
CO-OPERATIVE HOME BUILDING
Result of the Cfiiciftl Examination of Omaha
Ar-rccmtior.s.
OPINIONS OF THE STATE INSPECTORS
Scroml Annual Coin cut Inn of Ilin Unlteif
Stntrn I.CMBUI. nt lliifTitlii A .Mjriiciiimu
Kvolvi-s a riim Vurlom A
vl.itlou N
State Bank Examiners McGrow and Kllno
have completed an examination of the busi
ness of building and lunn nusoclatlons of
Omaha. Usually the examination Is made
about the first of the year , but owing to the
Increased labors duo to the financial panlo
last year the work was unavoidably de
layed. The task occupied ten days and the
result was satisfactory In all respects.
"We found the associations in splendid
condition , " said Mr. McOrew , "much better
than could be expected In view of the
season of depression through which they
have passed. They are In n prosperous
condition , their business Is growing steadily
and losses from Investments are compare- _
lively slight. " t
Mr. McGrew ascribes this satisfactory j
state of affairs to the determination of the
state banking buard to cojiflno the opcrn-
tlcns of nil associations within legitimate
legal bound * . The exclusion of speculative
foreign associations has cleared the at
mosphere and materially aided In restoring
confidence and popularizing local associa
tions , ditch-penny devices have been elim
inated from associations Incorporated In the
stale ami all are 'now working on the broad
'
basis of genuine . mutuality.
UNITED STATES ; LEAGUE.
The second annual meeting of the United
States Lcagim of ; Luehl Building mid Loan
associations ) will convene at Buffalo , N. Y. ,
July 23. The session- will last three day * .
An Interesting program has been arranged ,
comprising addressed and papers , covering"
every phase of association work. Each
paper will bo discussed after being read.
The basis of representation Is three dcle-
gates-at-largp from each state league and
one additional for every twenty-five associa
tions in the league. There Is some talk of
sending a delegation from the Nebraska
league ' ' , but nothing definite has been de
termined. Onmhu at least should be repre
sented. Its associations are numerically nnd
firnrclally strong enough to warrant repre
sentation. Besides , co-opcratlon of business
nnd pleasure during- the dog days Is worthy
a trial. '
A NEW PLAN. i
J. Mason Straw , manager of nn associa
tion at Syracuse , N. Y , , has originated a
new plan of association. Under It there Is
no entrance fc ? , no fines , no lapses and no
forfeitures. In lieu of the membership fee
n corresponding discount Is charged against
withdrawn installment stock. Fines are ob
viated by stock suspension. Loans run 100
and 120 months , the payments -
being$14 nnd
$12.50 respectively. Class "A" Installment
stock can be paid up and matured at the op
tion of the Investor , thus : He may pay any
regular sum from CO cents to $1.30 In muj-
tlplcs of a dime , such as he may elect , and
make Irregular excess payments at any time ,
said payments attracting full earnings.
Without extra contributions his stock will
mature presumably in from sixty-one to 100
months , according to payment selected. He
may also pay up.hljnonthly contributions
III a single payment and draw 7 per cent
dividends thereon out of the earnings , or
allow his dividends to accumulate alone
with the earnings until the stock Is ma
tured. A prepaid 7 per cent coupon stock
Is ' ! Issued , class "C , " which Is sold nt $75 and
this , too , Is optional with the holder In the
matter of cashing the coupons or allowing
them to remain In the fund. Withdrawals
are permitted practically on call In the In
stallment classes. It is said the new plan
Is proving very popular.
ASSOCIATION NOTES.
One hundred and
forty-nine association *
were , represented at the convention of the
Illinois State League.
The Omaha has paid out on withdrawals
In ten months $23,000 , and since January
last made a net gain of 857 share's.
The directors of the Mutual of Omaha are
discussing changes in the by-laws with a
view to abolishing the premium bidding sys
tem.
tem.One
One of tlio gratifying facts In connection
with the business depression Is the Increase
In membership of building nnd loan associa
tions In Nebraska. No better evidence could
be had of growing public confidence.
Building nnd loan and mutual Insurance
associations have been exempted by the
United States senate from the operation of
the prospective Income tax.
Buffalo associations promise to royally en
tertain delegates to the United States
League convention.
Mr. B. W-IL Alplner.-'clty clerk of Knnka-
kee. 111. , wan a gutfst of his cousin , Mrs.
Martin Cahif , last. week. Incidentally ha
collected , ? 3QJJO of the Mutual Loan ana
,
Building association on fifteen shares of Its
first series of.stock. which had Just matured.
The investment In stock In the Mutual led
to the establishment of a thriving associa
tion nt Kankakee. Mr. Alplner promptly
renewed his subscription for new shares In
the Mutual and. said that the members of
his family were now carrying $20,000 stock
In various loan and building associations.
r , NOTES.
Gun flints are still made In England.
New Jersey leads In silk manufacture.
Russia Is experimenting In cotton raising1.
A machine has been Invented to count
dust particles In the air.
Diamonds so email tlint 1,500 go to the
carat have been cut In Holland.
Tlio area of cropj In the United States
this year is 20,107,217 acres.
A Swedish copper mine has been worked !
without Interruption for 800 years.
A small horse power engine which Is salt !
to make forty-two clgarottcB a mlnuto Is
the Invention of a Frenchman.
An elevated railway with novel feature *
Is planned for Vienna. The cars are to
bo suspended Instead of running on ordi
nary rails. ,
Most ot the Iron In the United States Is
produced In the Lake Superior region.
Among the richest mines In the world ara
those of the Vcrmllllon range.
The discovery of the process of tinting
white paper was the roiult of sheer care *
leanness , on the part of the wlfo of an Eng
lish paper ma It or , who accidentally dropped
the "bluo bag" Into a vat of pulp.
The glass blowers of ancient Thebes are
known to have been equally as proficient
In that particular art as Is the most scien
tific craftsman cf the tame trade of the
present day , after a lapse of forty cen
turies of no-called "progress. "
The steam city railroads of London earn
$7.1.000 n mile , whllo those cf New Yorlc
City earn $300,000 per mile per annum , Th
New York railroads carry a far larger num
ber of passengers , run quicker and muks
moro stops than the Londun roadi.
An English bacon curing company re
cently received a suggestion that they
should utilize the electric current during
the daytime for heating electric branding
Irons , which Hhould bo used In place ot the
old-fashioned brands , This suggestion was
adopted , and the company Is now branding
It < bacon by this new mcthcd , which haU
given general satisfaction.
A Thorough Coo f onion.
Washington Star : "Herbert , " gho Bald ,
tell mo one thing , and tell me truthfully.
Were you ever Intoxicated ? "
"Well. " replied the young man , "I wo
alr-tlght once. "
"What do you mean ? "
"I hud a tooth pulled and took laughing
gas. "