6 HIE OMAHA DAILY BEE ; MONDAY , JUNE 25 , J89-J.
M DOMAIN OF ELECTRICITY
Progressive Strides of tbo Modem Fewer in
All Departments.
IMPROVING SPEED OF OCEAN CABLES
minting Wnme JIIcrtrlclly-Co t of
nrn'a rower A Prolltntilo Meld /or
I.a wjeni Klrclrlo Ninblci and
Locomotlvm.
Soon iftcr submarine telegraphy be
came a practical success It was discovered
lliat the wire used for tliat purpose would
not work an well ai n land \\lre. With the
bed transatlantic cables only from twenty-
flvd to th.rty words a inlnuto can be trans
mitted Intelligibly ; on land the only limit Is
the skill of the operator ur tlio speed of an
iiitomatio machine for transmitting , which
latter often reaches 200 or 300 words a
minute. The difficulty In cabling , long con-
Bldered Insurmountable , IH duo 10 the fact
that an ocean wire has an Iniulatlng coat
of gutta-percha , nml this develops on Its
outer surface a certain amount of negative
electricity , by Induction , every time that
pcsltlve electricity Is sent Into the wire.
Now , If there could be devised a way to
reduce the "electrostatic capacity" of the
cable , says the New York Tribune , less cur
rent would bo absorbed and more would be
delivered for effective use at the end of the
line. Dr. M. I. I'upln of Columbia college ,
who o original Investigations of electrical
phenomena for the last two or three years
have attracted wlilc attention , now proposes
such a method. Ho would Introduce Into
the line , at frequent and regular Intervals ,
these very Instruments to which reference
has Just been made , namely , condensers.
The current sent Into the first of these * cc-
tlons would not pass Into the second , slnco
the two scto of plates In the condenser would
bo Insulated from each other. But a sec
ondary current would be Induced In the In
terposed Instrument , and tlili would traverse
the next section. Thus each portion of the
line would act upon the one beyond It , so
that electric action would still be manifest
at the terminus as If there was a con
tinuous conductor. One result of this ar
rangement would bo that the electrostatic
capacity of the cable as a whole would be
limited to that of any one of the > o sections ,
nnd hence reduced to almost nothing , anil
that energy-absorbing phenomenon of "line"
Induction would be avoided. The signaling
service would bo performed through the In
ductive action of the condensers proper , and
these would purposely have ample ca
pacity , greatly exceeding that of the wire
sections.
At each Junction In the line a short side
track or shunt would be put In and made to
Include an Induction cell of enough rcMst-
. anco to refuse to take the main current so
long as the condenser was In working order.
But If the latter should break down , no other
route would bo open , and. the current would
then now through the coil Into the next sec
tion.
tion.Tho
The condensers for submarine use , says
the originator of this system , would not
be the Urge boxllko Imtnmients seen In
laboratories , but small cylinders , or rolls of
rlbbonllko plates , wound about the core.
About twenty of them , arranged an inch or
two apart along the wire like beads , would ,
ho says , give the required capacity. They
need not have a cross section greater than
that of an ordinary cable. These groups
ought to be introduced at Intervals of sev
eral miles for Atlantic service , and Dr.
Puplii thinks that such n cable might bo
constructed for only twice tlio cost of those
now in use. On a longer line , say across
the Pacific , It would be desirable to put In
a proportionately larger number of ' groups
of ribbon condensers. It has been 'said , at
the beginning of this article , that with ma
chines ( such as the Wheatstonc ) 200 or 300
words a mlnuto may be transmitted over
land lines by telegraphy. Over a short cir
cuit ( of a mile , for Instance ) such apparatus
would transmit COO words a mlnuto , says J.
C. Kurkel , one of the Western Union elec
trician ? In New York City. Certain con
ditions Incident to a 'long line make it de-
Blrable , If not necessary , to reduce the speed.
Tb Chicago 200 words a mlnuto Is an average -
orago rate from New York ; to St. Louis ,
175 ; to Boston , perhaps 300 words might bo
cent. But Dr. Pupln thinks that his sys
tem would make It possible , both by land
and sea , to transmit GOO or GOO words a
minute. As yet , however , no actual test
has been made on long ocean cables.
UTILIZING WASTE ELECTRICITY.
There are BO many trolley cars In Brook
lyn that It takes an enormous amount of
electricity to run them. It necessarily fol
lows that a great deal of the electric fluid Is
"grounded. " Consequently every street In
which the trolley runs Is completely satu
rated with electricity. The grounded cur
rent doesn't stay In the track at all. It
darts off In every direction , and as a general
thing makes for the water and gas pipes
that are burled beneath the pavements. The
pipes become charged with electricity and of
course If they are tapped properly the cur
rent can be utilized. That Is Just what a
number of Eastern district people have done ,
nnd that Is why they are congratulating
themselves that they are able to keep the
temperature In their stores 'way down In the
CO'B all summer long , without any expense
save the oil that they use on the electric air
fans.
"Yes , I am glad we have the trolley , " said
a Broadway merchant to a reporter of the
Brooklyn Eagle. "It gives us rapid
transit and It saves mo a lot of money. Last
year I paid out quite a sum to keep cool ,
This season It won't cost mo anything. "
"How Is that ? " asked the reporter.
"Well , " sold the merchant , "I don't know
aa I ought to tell you newspaper fellows ,
for If the thing gets Into the papers I may
lose the 'cinch' I have now. However , It
Is something every one ought to know , BO
hero goes. "
"You see that air cooler , " continued the
merchant an ho pointed to a rapidly revolv
ing electric air fan. "Well , It don't cost
mo a cent to run that. You might say I
steal the electricity , but then you know I
wouldn't do that. You see the entire street
In front of my store , and , In fact , In front of
all the stores where the trolley runs , Is sat
urated with electricity. Now I , like several
others , have taken advantage of this condi
tion of affairs. Ono of the wires from that
electric fan runs down to the gas pipe In
my cellar. The other Is attached to the
water pipe , and hero I have the negative and
positive poles , and , of course , the circuit Is
formed. You can see for yourself that the
current Is sufficient to send the motor of.tho
electric fan around at a lively rate. Now ,
that motor Is a 1-12-horso power , but I am
sure the current Is strong enough to run a
3 or l-horso power motor , I3ut , then , tjiat
doesn't bother me , for I am not In the man
ufacturing business , and all I want to use
the electricity for at present Is to keep cool
this summer. I may , however , run a sew
ing machine with the current. Yes , the
trolley Is a great thing and I am glad the
people-of Brooklyn have got It. "
The .reporter traced the wires from the
electric fan to the cellar and found that
they wore attached , aa stated , to the gas and
water pipes respectively. The reporter also
discovered that the waste electricity IB being
utilized In a couple of saloons and In a
Jewelry store. In every case the wires arc
elmply attached to the gas and water pipes.
"If I wanted to. " sold the man , "I could
run machinery that requires 4 or E-horse
jiQwer. All I would hive to do would be to
drive a couple of gas pipes right up to within
a few Inches of the track and I would be
able to get all the power I needed. It
wouldn't be stealing the electricity , either ,
you know. " *
NIAGARA'S WATER POWER.
A lively discussion Is going on among
electricians on the subject of the long dis
tance tran'tnlsslon of Niagara water power.
Early In May there appeared In a leading
olectrlc.il Journal an article In which Prof.
E , J , Houston and Mr. A. E. Kennelly went
elaborately Into the question of how far the
water power of the falls could bo trans
mitted by electricity. The gist of their
contention was that the power of Niagara
falls can be transmitted to a radius of 200
mile * cheaper than It can bo produced at
tiy point within that rnnga by steam en
gines ot the most economical typo , with
coal at ? 3 per ton ; furthermore , that given
a atifilclently largo output , It might be com
mercially advisable to undersell largo iteam
powers at twlco this distance with no
profit In order to reduce the general expense -
penso upon delivery nearer home. " The
article attracted wide attention , not only
Among electrical ou lueeri , but alio in lay j
circles , nnd wag promptly noticed by news
papers throughout th * "inlry. Pc fE. .
Emory , an tmlp nl { n&lneer , replied iJ " 1P
article by a lerfes of figure * and statistics
which went to nhow that Messrs. Hoti'ton
nnd Kennelly had overestimated some of the
points en which their conclusions were nised ,
and underestimated others. For Instance ,
the Houston-Kennedy estimate regarding
the cost of the hydraulic works If $17.00 per
horse power , as against pr. Emery's fUO
per lion * power. The former quote Prof.
Forbes , the electrical engineer cf the Cat
aract company , as testifying that "M > < > rc
can be little dnuht that thjcjppciefllj' 61 6ur
uynafiioft ina' ' reach at roast 08 per cent , "
and they commit themnclvca to 96 per cent.
Ur. Emery holds that the efficiency of the
G.OOO generators will bo only 00 per cent.
He also makei on estimate which puts the
cost of operation higher and the efficiency
cf transmission much lower than those of
the first estimate. He docs not believe , In
fact , that power can be economically trans
mitted to Buffalo In the present state of
electrical engineering. IIo says : "Mills ,
paper manufactories , etc. , requiring power
for twenty-four hours , can be best located
directly nt Niagara falls nnd secure the un
doubted low rates that will obtain there.
It Is thought that the first transmlsalon In
stallation , which will naturally be for Buf
falo , will cost even more than eitlnmtcd
above , as time and some tentative work
will bo required before the application be
comes general. The estimate makes no
provision far subways , which must bo con
structed to all points reached. The cost
may rise so high that even the transmis
sion to Buffalo will pay unly n small per
centage on the cost , and conditions better
than those assumed miiPt bo found before
there w II bo much of a market elsewhere. "
To this Messrs. Houston nnd Kennelly have
replied that their figures are correct from
first to last , and they mean to stick to them.
In regard to the efficiency of the 6,000-horse
power generator.they say their own figure
ot SO per cent Is tinjustlflnbly low , and that
the efficiency of the Frankfurt-Lauffen plant ,
where power Is transmitted over conductors
to a distance of 10.9 miles. U 93.4 per cent ,
and the dynamo used In that calculation
was only about one-twentieth of the ca
pacity of those used at Niagara. * Another
combatant has appeared In Ur.
Francis n. Crocker of Columbia
college , who call * Into question the
Houston-Kennelly figures both In the matter
of percentage allowed for annual Interest ,
depreciation and repairs , and the cost of
generators , motors nnd transformers , all of
which , ho says , arc remarkably low. He
thinks the estimates arc not "conservative , "
as they are claimed to bo , nnd that not
enough margin has been allowed all around ,
and he questions whether "the cause of long
distance power transmission will be helped
by assuming the lowest possible costs nnd
expenses nnd the highest possible efficiencies.
It Is proverbial that estimates should always
bo made with ample margin , and In nine
cases out of ton It Is absolutely required. "
ELECTRICITY LAWYERS.
There has long been n marked tendency
among lawyers to abandon the wide field of
general practice nnd take up with "special-
tics , " some devoting themselves to mer
cantile , others to accident , to corporation , to
Insurance , nnd to criminal cases.
Within a comparatively short time there
has sprung up In New York , says the Sun , a
class of practitioners known ns "electricity
lawyers. " These are cither young men , who ,
coming to the bar , find the field of profes
sional employment crowded , or men of middle
dle- age , who , retained In cases wherein
electricity figures , have become experts on
similar questions.
The field Is comparatively a new one , and
there are few precedents to guide the lawyer.
Electricity Is , Indeed , a practically new-
branch of law business , and as the matters
In dispute are generally Important , this
branch of legal practice Is quite lucrative.
At the beginning of the present year ; It Is
computed that no less than $1,000,000,000
was Invested In the electrical Industry of
the United States.
This was divided as follows : Electrical
light and power companies , ? 400,000,000 ;
ekctric railroad companies , $200,000,000 ; tele
graph companies , $150,000,000 ; electrical sup
ply companies , $150,000,000 , and telephone
companies , $100,000,000.
The General Electric company has nn
authorized capital of $60,000,000 , $35.000,000
of which has already been Issued , Irrespec
tive of the large bonded debt. The American
Bell Telephone company has an authorized
stock debt of $20,000,000. The Edison Elec
tric company has stock to the amount of
$0,600,000 , and bonds authorized to the ex
tent of $5,000,000. The Westlnghouse has
$10,000,000 of stock , and the Western Union
Telegraph company has bonds to the amount
of $15.000.000 and stock to the 'amount ot
$100,000,000 , exclusive of guarantees. Last
year it transmitted 66,000.000 messages , main
taining 21,000 offices. The telephone com
pany paid over $1,500,000 in dividends last
year.
There are 500 electric railroads , having , as
before stated , a capitalization of $200,000,000
and operating nearly 6,000 electric cars.
The protection of electric patents , a very
large number of them new. Is a very Im
portant branch of legal business at present ,
for largo sums are paid for royalties where
such patents are held Intact , and suits for
damages or infringements are many. There
has been a great increase In the number ot
patents applied for In Washington for various
electrical devices or Improvements of late.
The relations of the various electrical com
panies , too , have not been friendly , , and
taxing commissioners In various states and
cities have disagreed nboiii the valuation to
bo put on property In electric concerns.
All this makes a large amount of business
for lawyers , and has developed a great
amount of skill and knowledge among those
who have applied themselves to this branch
of Jurisprudence exclusively.
NEW ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE.
There Is an electric locomotive In course
of construction In Boston which promises
to meet all the requirements for propelling
railroad trains. It la an 8-horeo power ma
chine and It Is unique.
The distinctive feature of the Invention
Is the substitution of a piston and cylinder
In place of the usual rotary motor for the
application of power. The cylinder Is much
longer than for steam purposes , and has
In Its Interior a series of magnets. The
piston passes entirely through the cylinder.
Is a scries of armatures of peculiar con
struction. On the axle of the driving wheels
are commutators whose function Is to apply
and cut off the electric current , Just as the
eccentrics control the steam of a steam en
gine. The principle ot the machine Is the
admission of the current to the magnets
In the cylinder , which ore In advance of the
piston rod , and by their action on the arma
tures the piston rod Is moved forward. As
the stroke Is ended the current Is cut off
from the magnets first charged'and applied
to those at the rear of the piston , giving
It a reverse motion , thus maintaining a
strong , regular motion. There Is absolutely
no back pressure from the electric current ,
while In n rotary motor this Is estimated
at 20 per cent of the force applied.
It Is practicable to run the machine nt 200
revolutions ) of the axle per minute , and with
a driving Wheel eight and a half feet In
diameter and the crank pin three feet from
the center there would bo a six-foot stroke ,
under a full head of power. The machine
Is adapted to receive the electric current
either by a trolley wire , a third rail In the
track or from a storage battery.
Knocked Out of Time
By that able blood depurent , Hosttetor's
Stomach Bitters , the young giant , rheuma
tism , withdraws , beaten. In maturity It Is
harder toconquor. Attack It at the start
with Hosteller's Stomach Bitten , and save
yourself years of agony and constant danger ,
for this malady Is always liable to attack
the heart. Potent In malaria , dyspepsia ,
constipation , nervousness and kidney com
plaint Is the Bitters.
Switchback and carousal Courtland.
lilt of Detective Work.
Mrs. Ycrger Tommy , uo you want some
nice peach JimT
Tommy Yes , ma.
"I was going to give you some to put
on your bread , but I've lest the key to the
pantry. "
"You don't need the key , ma. I can
reach down through the -transom and open
the door from thu Inside. "
"That's what I wanted to know. Now.
Just wall until our father comet home. "
One word describe * It , "perfection. " W
refer to DeWltt'i Witch Hazel Salve , cur i
piles.
Go to Courtland , cool , refreshing. . .
GROWTH OF AN OHIO IDEA
Phenomenal Success of the Famous Cb
tauqua Summer School.
THE APT UNION OF PLAY AMD STUDY
lIMnry of Ihn Kdiinttloiml Movement
Originated by Dr. Vincent I'rcparallon
for Oleliratltig tlio Tucnty-l-'lrat
Aniiitpmary.
No other educational movement In modern
times has compared In originality and In
'phenomenal success with that which Is known
as the Chnutnuqua assembly. It started
modestly twenty-one years ago this summer ,
and for a time had Its day of small things.
For many years now It has been an Influ
ence of tremendous power In the educational
and religious life of this country.
Chautauqtm was on Ohio Idea , originating
In the fertile brain ot Ilev , Ur. John II. Vin
cent , who was then the Sunday school secre
tary ot the Methodist Episcopal church , and
has since become a bishop of that church.
Rev. Dr. Vincent had for' nn Intimate friend
Lewis Miller , a leading and wealthy citizen
of Akron , O. , who was prominent In the
Methodist church. Mr. Miller had long been
an active Sunday school worker and had used
his largo fortune generously for that cause.
Dr. Vincent used to spend much time at Mr.
Miller's lionsu , and between them the Idea
of a place ot summer resort of Sunday school
workers was evolved. They wnntcd n sort of
vacation place where work nnd recreation
might bo combined , nnd it wns Mr. Miller
who suggested the utilization ot the Method-
istlc camp meeting Idea.
THE LOCATION.
Looking about for a place In which to start
their work , says the Now York Advertiser ,
they found at Fair Point , on the western
shore of Lake Cluutauqua , In western New
York , what peemed to them an Ideal location.
The Chnutauqua region was already noted as
a somewhat popular summer resort , and had
a few summer hotels and cottages. At Fair
Point there was already an old-fashioned
Methodist camp meeting ground , and this
the promoters of the new enterprise pro
ceeded to utilize. The first meetings , which
were nothing more than a Sunday school
camp mceetlng , In which the addresses and
services were confined exclusively to Sunday
school subjects , were eminently successful ;
so much bo that measures were Immediately
Initiated for the amplification of the Idea.
The National Sunday School association
bought the entire eighty acres at Fair Point ,
and Immediately began to erect buildings
and make other Improvements. The money
of Mr. Miller was liberally given for the
cause and other generous and wealthy Meth
odists came forward with contributions.
Ono ot the first and most unique features
that was put Into execution , the second year
of the assembly , and that attracted atten
tion to the enterprise the world over , was
the model of Palestine , made. In earth and
rock. This was practically a reproduction
of the topography of the Holy Land , and
was supplemented by a largo model of Jeru
salem , a model of the Jewish tabernacle , a
model of an Oriental house and a sectional
model of the great pyramid of Cheops. In
connection with these models appeared men
and women In Oriental costumes so that the
plcturcsquencss of the biblical country and
biblical times were strikingly reproduced In
tableaux vlvant with lectures , essays and
class Instruction bearing upon the same sub
jects. This practical kindergarten feature
of biblical Instruction was sucli a unique idea
that It made the success of the enterprise
beyond question.
INTEREST EXPANDS.
The second year of the assembly saw an
average dally attendance of nearly 6,000 ; on
one day when President Grant visited the
grounds , 20,000 people were present. New
features were established , such as church
congress , reform council and scientific con
gress. Before long the assembly was di
vided into several departments , ecclesiasti
cal , philanthropic , scientific , biblical and
Sunday school. Representative men of all
religious denominations nnd of many phases
of Intellectual thought , eminent In the pul
pit , on the platform and In educational work ,
were engaged year after year to- lecture and
to teach. From the outset In every depart
ment , and particularly In that of biblical
Instruction , specialists bible students ,
learned Orientalists and experienced teachers
were engaged. Secular instruction was
not neglected , and In nearly all branches
pertaining to liberal education Instruction
was clvcn scarcely Inferior to that of the
best colleges. In fact Chautauqua very soon
became more of a summer university than
a mere school or assembly. It was In effect
an advanced school of specialties.
In loss than five years Cbautauqua. has
grown to be a village ot GOO summer cot
tages , scattered over the 100 acres of
wooded ground forming the assembly's
property , that Is hemmed In on two sides
by the waters ot thelake. . As the years
have gone on the cottages have taken on a
more and moro pretentious character , until
many of them are really Imposing buildings ,
while several hotels have sprung up In the
neighborhood. There has grown up a large
village , with all the elements of permanence
In It , such as shops , postoffico , electric light ,
police service , etc. There Is also a dally
morning newspaper , which gives the news ot
the world as well as full reports of all the
special proceedings of the assembly ,
In the early days of this flourishing Insti
tution the duration of the annual convocation
was only two weeks. Now , however , the
aceslons are held for two months ot each
year July and August. The assembly has
long since been Incorporated and Is man
aged by a board ot trustees , with president
and chancellor. The village has many handsome -
some public buildings , a notable museum ,
and a reference library ot considerable size
and other characteristics of an advanced
town life.
life.THE
THE EXPENSE ACCOUNT.
The way In which the community is man.
aged constitutes an Interesting study in so
ciology. The village Is open to any one who
chooses to visit It , but every visitor , unices
ho IB a noted preacher or lecturer who cornea
to servo the assembly , must pay for the
privilege. Before he can get In he must pur
chase a card of admission , which gives him ,
as It were , "the freedom of the city , " which
Includes the right not only of enjoying the
municipal advantages , but also of profiting
by all the free Instruction and entertain
ment. There Is a fixed tariff for these tickets -
ots of admission by the day , by the week
and by the month , and It costs more to be
come a Chautauquan In August than In July.
The rates for July are : One day , 25 cents ;
one week , $1 ; the month , $2.CO ; for August ,
one day , 40 cents ; one week , $2 , and the
month , $3. You can get In for the entire
season for an even $5 bill.
The dally program , to whlcli every person
who has purchased citizenship Is entitled to
free admission , Includes a score of more lec
tures , concerts , dramatic recitals and other
exercises , and special entertainment In the
shape of unusually famous lecturers or con
cert singers In the amphitheater In the even
ing.
Besides all this , there Is an extensive
course of class Instruction , which Is divided
Into six departments. The Chautauqua col
lege , for those who desire to study thor
oughly and persistently during six weeks ,
offers Instruction In ancient and modern
languages , literature , history. natural
sciences political economy and philosophy.
The School of Sacred Literature provides
several courses In bible study , both In the
original languages nnd In English , on the
leading biblical specialists. A pcdlgoglcal
course for public school teachers Includes In
struction In psycology , petllgoglcal principles
and their practical application to the teach
ing of arithmetic , geography , science , etc.
There IB a School ot Music , teaching the theory
and practice of Instrumental and vocal music ;
a School of Physical Education for both sexes
In all branches of gymnastics , athletic con
tests , rowing , etc. , and other classes In art ,
photography , Industrial drawing , china dec
oration , manual training , elocution nnd short
hand. Reabonable charges are made for In
struction In these special departments , vary
ing according to the character und the length
ot tbo courses.
RUST AND RECREATION.
Llfo In Chautauqun partake * something of
nn easy , off-hand character , for the place
has not yet altogether lost Us camp meeting
tralU. Most ot the people who go there
have a very serious purpose , but the at-
inoBphore ot the plico Inclines one to rational
rest and rocreatloiv-comnlnod with tLo close"
application td mcritM ! nil dTHL Improve
ment. As to mcreWkVlng , IheTe Is llioTioIel ,
where you can get the best that any one
ought to have , cxtefitf wlno and liquor , and
pay for It about what you woujd for the game
'
things elscwlitre. YbQ can board' In a cot
tage hotel at ftorrt } 5' ' to $12 a week. You
can hire a furnj iea cottage or furnished
roomnO Borne qt the yoifnl women go
Into co-operative housekeeping at a cost of
$2.BO or $3 per wetk. There Is plenty of op
portunity for wholesome Indulgence nnd rec
reation , and tennis , baseball , bicycling , horse
back riding , driving , rowing nnd even ama
teur theatricals are Iridulged In abundantly.
This ycnr sees the assembly In a moro
prosperous and premising condition than
ever before. Sevorilnev fcnturcs will be
seen for the first time. The Ministerial
club will bo established for the special dis
cussion of ministerial work. The college
will make n specialty of history , covering
that particular field with exceptional thor
oughness without neglect to the other
courses In the college. The work of the
Boys' club , which was organized last ycnr ,
will be greatly expanded , taking In such
subjects ns natural science , camp life , fish
ing and other outdoor sports and studies.
New methods nnd new courses of study
will be adopted In sevcrnl of the dcpnrt-
maents , such OB the schools ot Sacred Liter
ature , the Teacher's Retreat , the American
Institution of Christian Sociology , which mot
for the first tlmu at Chautauqua last year ,
and the School of Physical Education.
But the work ot Chautamiua has not been
limited by Its locnl habitation nnd Its sum
mer season. As nn outcome of this Idea
there has developed one ot the most In
fluential movements that the world has ever
known. The Chautauqua managers early
realized that their peculiar plan of Instruc
tion demanded special text books , lesson
papers and other accessories , those com
monly In use nt that time being In nowise
adapted to their needs. As a result the
assembly soon began to compile a literature
of Its own , beginning first with text books
and lesson papers and periodicals of n more
general literary character. Ono of the
earliest efforts In this direction was the
Chautauquan Magazine. The germ of this
periodical was the Chautauqua Assembly
Herald , which was published dally during
the meeting and monthly from Mead-
vllle , Pa. , for the rest of the year.
Fourteen years ago the Chnutauqua entered
the field as n regular monthly magazine nnd
Jumped almost at once Into an abundant and
enduring popularity , It has now become n
firmly established periodical with n distin
guished list ot contributors , nnd an Individu
ality distinctly its own. The magazine has
not alone been built up by the great educa
tional movement whose name it bears , but It
has also been a very large and essential
factor In promoting that movement. It
specially serves the Interests of the Chau-
tauqua , assembly and other educational en
terprises connected therewith , and the pur
poses and needs of that particular educa
tional effort are naturally made dominant In
the general scheme ot the periodical. At
the same time , however , the magazine takes
high rnnk among the lesser literary period
icals of the day , while In circulation and In
fluence , owing to Its special character , It Is
scarcely second to any other. It Is said to
bo a very valuable property , with a circula
tion ot very nearly 100.000. To print It
there has been established at Mcadvllle , Pa. ,
the Chautauqua Century Press , one ot the
most complete and modern establishments In
this country for the making ot books nnd
periodicals.
The Chautauqua assembly has become pos
sibly moro widely known through the Chau-
tnuqua Literary nnd Scientific Circle than
through any othcrjnedlum. . This circle had
Its origin nearly iforty years ago. When
Rev. Dr. Vincent _ wns a pastor In Newark ,
N. J. , he endeavored tq establish a course of
homo study and reading for young ministers
who had lacked early educational advantage ,
but the project never gpt beyond the stage of
preliminary consideration. In 1S7S Dr. Vin
cent felt that the time had arrived when It
would be possible Tor him to graft this Ideji
upon Chautauqua < rfh1a more extended scale
than he had beforp cpntemrtlated , making It
servo the needs of .thousands of men nnd
women all over the country. Thus It was
that the now famous-G. L. S. C. was organ-
lzed- „ ' . , \ *
lzedA
A cooling rlde-rJoaCourlland beach.
ico.vo.
Dentil Hate. Increasing Dully anil Much
Aliirin I'flnMills.
VICTORIA , B. C. , June 24. The steamer
Sikh , thirteen days from Yokohama , has
arrived and was subjected to a long quaran
tine Inspection. All the effects of the Orien
tal passengers were fumigated. Advices re
port 677 deaths from the plague In Hong
Kong from May 1 to Juno 7 , 230 being under
treatment. The total number of cases slnco
the outbreak Is about 1,200.
The Yokohoma Herald of June 9 says re
garding the steamer Peru : "Tho following
was issued by the Pacific Mall Steamship
company this morning : Owing to the steam
ship Peru being placed In quarantine In
Nagasaki her departure Is Indefinitely post
poned. It Is expected that she will leave
that place June 14. "
The Peru should have sailed from Peru
June 12 , but owing to a man having died on
board enroute from Hong Kong she was de
tained at Nagasalkl for Inspection , but was
expected to leave earlier. The man was at
tacked at 4 o'clock In the morning and died
luring the night , being burl'd at sea.
On Thursday another death took pace and
the vessel will now have to undergo a week's
quarantine. Had the Hong Kong officials
taken the slightest precautions to prevent
the plague from spreading to the colony or
to Isolate the first few cases which occurred
It would have prevented much mortality.
The new cases at Hong Kong average thirty
per day , with a fearful death rate. The
sanitary authorities attribute the outbreak
not to bad sewerage , but to filth In the
houses , which is piled there In carloads.
A British officer and three men are re
ported as attacked by the plague. The au
thorities belle\e that they have got a grip
on the plague. In Canton , though the
plague claims fewer victims than for some
time , It IB causing much loss of life. Ac
cording to a Kobe paper thirty new cases
were reported and twenty-five deaths oc
curred on May 29 , on the 30th of May thirty-
three new cases and twenty-eight deaths ,
and on June 1 fifty-nine new cases and fifty-
four deaths.
MUICK liOIimS HIIMOVICI ) .
Urudmilly ( 'Icurlug Up the Dreadful Mlno
DlBUKter of LnfttVeoli. .
CARDIFF , Juno 24. The men who have
volunteered to search the Albion colliery at
Cllfyndt , the scene ot the terrible explosion
ot fire damp last evening , have been at work
all day , but no further rescues have been
affected. All hope for those still In the pit
has been abandoned. The number of the
dead , It Is believed , will reach 250. It has
been ascertained that 267 men and boys de
scended the shaft- yesterday , and of this
number only gevcnt.fgn , have been saved.
A largo number -'pt bodies are buried be
neath the earth-falls , and It has been found
Impossible as yet TtTcxtrlcnte them. Those
not killed by thdEbidloslon or crushed to
death by the falllng-partli and rock wcro un
doubtedly asphyxiated1 by the after damp.
The scene of the disaster has baen visited
today by thousnndrf'df .people from the sur
rounding country. There were recovered
last night eightysixbodies. .
Late this evening 'the rescuing parties
succeeded In extrIv Uig ) a large number of
bodies. Thus far 14U bodies have been taken
from the pit. A tl-legram from the queen
says she was much shocked and expressed
deep sympathy with the families of the dead.
vi INN.V MK..I v I.UT.S AI ISKT.
Nearly Three Thmj uml lloclitro fur Unlicr-
enHiirfriigo for .Vjiit l. [ i Wen-kinsmen.
VIENNA , Juno -2-1. An Immense meeting
of Eoclallsts was held In the prater today ,
It being 'estimated that fully 2,500 people
were present , The object cf the meeting
was to declare In favor ot universal suffrage ,
which the Austrian worklngmen have
been agitating for a long time. The speakers
urged that tbo agltatjon be continued until
the dennnd wan conceded. It was the In
tention of the pnarchlsts to have a procession
through the principal streUi of the city , but
this was prevented by a detachment of
mounted and foot police.
r.UU''Ciui < Mill In lin'iilit.
MASON , Mich. , June 24-Up to late to-
nlBlit the JurorB In the forgery , trial ot
Attorney General Ellin have mude no re
port.
INDEPENDENT OF TIIEJTARIFF
Wall Street Operations Are Not Based on
the Bill's Frobablo Effect ,
IDLE CAPITAL MUST SOON BECOME ACTIVE
Cannot Much Longer Ho Held In llctlrenient
a * Invflitmcnts Are Too Allnrlnc
IJniiks Inclined to Help the
Clovcrnmcnt to Gold.
NEW YORK , Juno 24. Henry Clews ,
head ot the banking IIOUBO of Henry Clews
& Co. , writes of the situation In Wall street
nnd the financial world ns follows :
We nrc now within n , comparatively few
days of the llnnl enactment of the new
tnrltt bill. Hy the 1st of August Its pro
visions are likely to be In operation , und the
nnxlous problem of Its effects will then
enter the proceim ot solution. It can hardly
be paid that Wall street flhows any deep
Intel est In the approaching event. It Is
not biiBlnn any present operations upon " It " :
"bull"
It Is not discounting It ns cither u
or a "bcnr" element , tt douB not deny
that It must have future effects ; but It
regards those results as so contingent upon
conditions Independent of the tariff that
they hurdly afford material for speculation ,
much ICBB for careful Investment. It IB
conceded that the new act will remove the
ostensible reason for suspense which has
BO long kept business stagnant. Wall
street's attitude at thu moment Is a walt-
Ini ? one , BO IIH to see how tliliiKS will drift
when the new conditions take effect. Somp
things will then hnvo n certainty which
they do not now possess. 1'rlces of all
kinds of products nnd ot labor will bo
found to be very exceptionally low , nnd
there will bo no longer any questions of
tariff to throw any doubt upon that condi
tion of cheapness being more or less per
manent. A state of exceptionally low val
ues Is always , uhcn It Is ( supposed to have
touched the bottom level , favorable to In
vestment , It Is an accommodation to the
reduced purchiiHliiR ability of consumers ;
It | s favorable to the undertaking of new
enterprises , to the repair and extension of
Industrial plant , " to the purchase of real
estate and the construction of new' buildIngs -
Ings ; and It affords the best opportunity
for undertaking huge works of a corpotate
and public character. With , the enormous
amount of capital now held Idle ami yieldIng -
Ing almost no return. It Is hardly conceiv
able that these conditions of i.-xtrnordlnary
cheapness can much longer fall to have
their natural effect of forcing this unem
ployed wealth Into Investment. Its owners
are not putting their means largely Into
existing stocks or bonds ; It Is tbeiofore
reasonably Infciablc that they are waiting
for the ripe moment for Investing In new
undertakings cieated under the prevalence
of low values. It Is simply a question of
ripeness of opportunity when values have
touched bottom ; when the general situation
has lost home of Its uncertainties ; when
the self-ctirattvp tendencies of depression
begin to exhibit themselves , and the
country has -grown weary of Idleness
then a few bold leaders of cap
ital set nn example of confidence
to the conservatives , and a piocess of sure
and rapid revival sets In. That process Is
now before us. How near or how distant
It Is not easy to Judge. Nor is It easy to
say how much nearer the end of the tariff
confusion may bring It ; nor how much It
might be helped by the success of the diplo
matic efforts now In progress for Introduc
ing European dlsaiinament ; nor how much
It might be encouraged by assurances that
congress will soon give us a currency sys
tem that will lemedy the serious obstacles
to investment connected with the piesent
unsound state of our monetary arrange
ments. There are plenty of conceivable
contlngcneles that might at any' time start
up a revival of confidence and of Invest
ment , but , at the moment , none arc dis
tinctly In sight , and we can , therefore , only
wait for developments. This may not be
n situation Immediately favorable for a
buying movement , but it certainly is not
one that warrants selling. The lavornble
probabilities greatly outweigh the unfavor
able ones , both In number and Importance ,
and the prospective situation Is one that
will have no rewards for pessimism.
Wall street was taken somewhat by sur
prise this week by a meeting of bank presi
dents to consider whether thu banks should
not help the tteasury In meeting the con
tinued extiaordlnnry demand for gold for
export. As the treasury has already lost
$10,000,000 of thu gold It recently borrowed
and the export movement may possibly call
for another J13.000.000 before It is satisfied ,
this Is not an Inopportune question for the
banks to consider : Confidence Is still sensi
tive , and the experience of lust year under
similar conditions Is not forgotten ; tt was
therefore piiulent to prevent any further
unnecessary Uralns upon the government
gold reserve , already reduced to JG7,000UOO.
With $100,000,000 of s-pecle In their reserves
the hanks can well ulford to show this con
sideration for the treasury , nnd the more
so as there Is a reasonable probability
that with the opening of the fall months n
considerable amount of gold may find Its
way back to this country , thereby replenishing
plenishing- reserves of the banks. We
are now versing toward the season when
the Interior begins to clr.uv money from
this city for crop moving purposes. It Is
not improbable that Sthosu withdrawals
may prove quite Important. This suggests
a probability of higher local rates of In
terest at a later stage , and that would bo
calculated to bring gold out of the present
extraordinary European stocks of that
metal.
IUVST if ant' TII KIU swouus su.ini :
Significant i\prrM : n of tlio ( ionium Km-
portir to Ills MiirlniH.
KIEL , Juno 21. Emperor William today
addressed the marines now at this naval
station. His majesty dwelt upon the signifi
cance of the entry of his son , Prince Adel-
bort. In the marines In a month so moment
ous In this their fatherland. The battles of
Ilohenfrlcdberg and Waterloo , and the death
of Frederick the Great , he said , all occurred
In the month of June. The emperor con
cluded by saying :
"Let this remind you of Hohonfrledberi ;
nnd Waterloo , where the warriors of Prussia
and Great Britain crushed their hereditary
too. To Frederick , too It wns ordained to
wield the German sword which laid low our
enemy. Let It bo your task to keep that
sword bright and sharp , so that when I call
you , which God forbid , you may stand fast ,
not only with honor , but with renown , "
inn : I'I
DompMtlc.
Five thousand people assembled at Island
park , Wlnficld , Kan , , to listen to Henry Wat-
tcrson ,
E. M. Abbot , a veteran Dubuque printer
who had set type thirty-seven years In that
city , died Saturday night.
1U. G. Gulllner , a senior at Williams college -
lego , has committed suicide. Ho stood high
In his clats. The cause Is unknown.
Employes of the Hammond , Whiting &
East Chicago Electric rallwny Saturday night
refused to haul Pullman cars. The tie-up
lasted only a couple of hours.
The allotting agent for the Kicknpoo In
dians announces that the allotments have all
been made and the balance of the lands can
now be opened to settlement.
A terrific wind storm passed over Peters
burg , Pa. , Saturday night. The Presbyterian
church wns unroofed , the Methodist church
blown down nnd one residence was wrecked.
Leo M. Brock , who travels for Wclner &
Brock , clothiers of Buffalo , N. Y. , has been
arrested In St. Louis on the charge of ob
taining money from banks over the country
on false pretenses. _
rnrrlKii.
Reports from Peru show the revolution Is
spreading.
Slight earthquake shocks were felt In
Greece Saturday ,
Six Spanish anarchists have been arrested
nt Rio do Janeiro.
General DobCho Is preparing n revolt In tlio
Argentine republic.
The government fleet has entered the
harbor of Rio convoying the late Insurgent
ship Republlcn. The Aquldnb.in U boon ex
pected.
The latest news from San Salvador Is to
thu effect the government Is dally making
additional charges against ex-Vice I'retldent
Czfta and are confident th < * United State : !
government will sen the justice of delivering
him up.
The Italian Chamber of Deputies has
adopted the first clause of the government' ) )
financial proposals. The Chamber also sus
tained the government In the matter of the
duration of the contract with the Orleans &
Southwestern railroad.
Elegant music tonight Courtlnnd beach.
hoikklilK Iliiltl TlirtMt lloui'-i ,
YANKTON , 8. D. , June 2l.-Bpeclnl ( Tele
gram to The lice. ) Copious r.iln fell nil
over this section of Buuth Dakota and
northern Nebraska 'last night , anil as a
rvuult a halt crop of wheat and oats may
P-ea-r-l-i-n-e.
- - - - - - .
This is the way wo spell it. It's
necessary to mention it , because
some women don't seem to know.
We find so many who say they use
Pearline , and then , upon examina
tion , find that what they are using is
nly some imitation of it
if your package is marked as above ,
only one Pearline. It makes white
things whiter bright things brighter eco
nomical and saves at every point. For wash
ing and cleaning , nothing under any other name can equal it.
'
CJckti/-1 Peddlers and some unscrupulous grocers will tell you" this is as gowl ns'
OC11U. or "the same as I'enrlinc ' ' IT'S FALSE I'cnrllnc is never peddled ,
If 1 > _ . , ,1. , and If your nroccr sends you something in place of Pearline. lie
11 JDcLCKLanc \ \ -senJ it but. 414 JAMES 1'VI.IJ. N. Y.
GASOLINE STOVE SftLE
CLOSING OUT Gnsolino
Stoves nt less than coat. This is
not for flhoddy goods , but tor first
class Gnsolino Stoves. Evuryono
warranted.
$0.00 Gasoline Stoves for. . $2.7 : ?
$8.00 Gasoline Stoves for. . ; U)5 )
$10.00 Gasoline Stoves
for 4.1)0 )
$2.50Gasoline Ovens for. . 1.12
$1.25 Oil Stoves for 5S )
50c tt-Kallon Wood-Jacket
Cans for , 24
G5c 5-yallon WouiI'Jacket
Cans for 37
150 DIFFERENT STALES
of Bnby Carriages from the best manu I
facturers in the United States. Every V
one to ho sold less than cost.
$4.00 Carriage for $ 1.00
$0.00 Carriage for 2.87
$8.00 Carriage for 1J.OO
$10.00 Carriage for 4,70
$15.00 Carriage for 8.05
$20.00 Carrirgc for 12.00
$25.00 Carriage for 14.75
Refrigerator Sale
EVERY REFRIGERA
TOR nd Ice Box to bo sold quiuk for
less than cost. .Remember , wo never
sell anything that has price only to com
mend it. Our Rcfrigcrntart ! are war
ranted to give satisfaction or money re
funded.
$ 7.50 Ice Box for $ 3.90
10.00 Ice Box for 4.85
13.50 Hefrigerator for 7.8 ! )
17.00 Refrigerator for D.98
20.00 Refrigerator for 12.50
25.00 Refrigerator for 14.50
Terms-Cash or Payments ,
Presents to All Purchasers ,
Formerly People's Mammoth Installment House.
Close Evenings at 0:30. : excepting Mondays anil Saturdays.
rensonnbly bo expected , while nn Immense
crop of corn Is assinod. Italn wnH sadly
needed In this section for small Rrnln. Tlio
storm lasted three hours , nnd rain fell In
torrents during that time , unaccompanied
by wind.
Smnmorli > ( r of Tciirlif'n * .
Miss Hutchison , principal Kckermnnn
school , nnd Miss Salmon , principal Windsor
school , will go to Asbury Park , N. J. , and
from there to Washington , D. C. , dm Ing
their summer vacation.
Une summer d situations of other teachers
lire : Miss Ida 10. lllacktnon , 8hclioygan ,
WIs. ; Miss Ada Tobltt , Coloindo SprliiRs ;
Miss Minnie V. Morlaity , Dakota City ,
Neb. : Ml s Jennie K Itcdllcld , C.imp Look
out , Plies' lake.
A'.ti , I'.iu.iait.iriis.
C. M. Swan ot Sioux City Is at the Mil-
lard.
J. J. DuDols of Denver Is Btoppplng at the
Merchants.
Judge Hnmcr ot Kearney Is registered nt
the Uellone.
J. U. Hurklcy , n bunker ot Strouismirg , la
at the Arcade ,
A. Uerkinnn nndvlfo ot Oakland arc reg
istered at the Arcade.
J. Y. Rich nnd Joseph Knudsen , Idaho
cattle men , arc at the Ucllonc.
NcliriBlinns nt tint Motels.
At the Paxton J. B. Adams , Genoa.
At the Muiray K. MoAleer , Albion.
At the Mercer S. M. Shcaff , II. C. Kay-
ton'nnd winMrs. . Nlsblt. Mrs. Herst , 1'ul-
lerton ; A. M , Williams , Momuc ; I. U. Lurn-
nekor , Madison.
At the Arcade C. C. Voorhees , J. P.
Wright , J. 8. Piirvlaner , Noifolk ; A , V.
White nnd wife , St. Kdward : J. D. Donovan
evan , C. R Husli'y , A. D. Wrluht. N. J.
Hell , Madison ; liooino Mudlow , A. 12. Watt ,
C. I. . Thompson , C. J. Ileaton , Albion ; A.
Q. West , Kioimmt ; Tom A. .Smith , Lincoln ;
Mrs. C. O. Jonas , Oakland ; Henry Plcolte ,
13. T. Timber , Jlancioft ; A. Jlt-cve , Old.
At the Mlllaid P. O. Strlnner , Clrnml
Ibland ; Mrs , ' . H. Kvann. .Mlns Stella
KvniiB. HiiPhvlllc ; U. C , Howe. Norfolk.
At the Dellnne W. L , Uutler. W. R Con
ner , linone ; H , O. Cnnlcv , T. M. Hoyer nnd
wife , Norfolk ; U II. Vallery , T. I'liniifll ,
PlatHinouth ; James I. Ithen , HoldreKe ,
At thu Mt'irlmiitH J. 13. 8 , Hell , Genoa ;
Ij , II. Hoylan. U. W. Slroiit , ' , C. C. Hood-
rlrh , Cedar Rapids ; R M. Sinclair , O. W.
Cumiilu'll , H. N. Ale-Clef , J. T. Mllltr , R S.
Clay and wlfiO. . I. Cluy and wife , II. I ) ,
Htmht'S , Knllerton ; It. C , Itt-Kan ,
T. H. RCKUII , I'latt Center ; C , W.
Hrcwer , A. A. MiuiRllold , O. II. Graham ,
II. A. Cllne , R Crotclior , II , llrader , Albion ;
H , M. UrlnilH. North I'liittc : M , I.oultt ,
Ciul'lu Hork : T. H. Uptime , Fremont ; W.
A. Mann , Lynns ; H. II. Otimnu-1 , Tckamah ;
Kil Kiirli-y , Ilancroft ; C. L. Lund , A , Nel
son , Leigh ; C. U , Muidock , Albion.
t. '
DoWltt's Witch H&zcl Huivo cures ulcen.
DcWItt's Witch lUirl Salve cures pile * .
Slide for life , Courtland bench tonight.
,
IHiLS.IKIK tirjIX.lNTlVM. "
OAK PAIIK , MINNEAPOLIS. Minn. ,
June 22. To the Kdltor of Thu Ilec : My
attention has been called to an article In
your paper on "Uelnurte Gymnastics. " Aly
time Is generally too much taken up with
the putillc scjhool ttnelurH of our country
to notice every artlcu written at random ,
but as I ulncervly believe Mr , Philip Andrta
WM , LOUD ON ,
Commission Merchant
GRAIN AND PROVISIONS-
Private wires to Chicago and New Vork. All
buglncs * orders placed on Chicago DoarJ ot
Trade.
Cam-spomlcnce solicited.
Office , mom 4. New York Llfo DulMIng
Tclephonu 1343.
writes with earnestness , and that hla dc-
blro Is the same as mlnn , to make Rtrong
men nnd women out of the children of
today , I answer his letter In n broad spirit
and a frateinnl way.
It wns the llrst time I wns aware that
nnythliiK called "Delsnrte" wns being ,
taught In the Omaha schools. I had
thought that an American system of gym
nastics to particularize , the "Prcece sys
tem" of which I stand at the head was
being taught In the Omaha schools. The
Prceco system Is not n new one , It being
taught In the schools of fifty-three cities.
It IH the svstem taught In the State uni
versity of Allnnesota , In the public schools
of Mlnr.ciipolls. of Plttphurg , Pa. , of
KorhcHter. N , Y. , and Is now being Intro
duced In Philadelphia. I say It Is not new.
Of course , It Is not " 00 years old , but the
change ban been Just ns good from the sys
tem of 2UO yenrtt ago as from thu horse
car of old to the electrlo car of todny.
Had I seen good lesults , that Is , prac
tical results , from thu use of the Turner or
Swedish system In the public schools ol
our eountrty I should not have had occa
sion to plan out my work. Having been u
public school teacher of .twenty-two years
standing , and seeing the requirement ) ! of
the mil row alslu and the desk , I formu
lated a system which , I am proud to nay ,
some of the leading educates ) of the coun
try hnvo railed the most practical for the
sehool room.
In our public schools the child Is at lenst
one-half of the time writing at his dcslc
and the other half he Is sitting with book ;
In hand studying. It has liecn my aim to
reach thosn points , and not have excrclscu
mean simply a going through of wonderful
feats , but to watch the child carefully
throughout the day and train the teacher
that Hlie may tialn the child to grow up
straight anil strong.
Mr. Andres Is correct when he says there
Is nn such thing ax the Delsartc system of
physical gymnastics , and I consider , ax he
does , tin : person calling hlH work such , n.
fiatid. It would take too much time to
cntor Into the detail of the philosophical
side of this gieat ( iiiestlon , and the psy
chological side of It Is as Important an the
physiological , Hut , to be brief , the aim of
gymnastlo work should be , first strength ,
then rhythm.
The onct point that DHsarto had In gym
nastic work was the philosophical Hide ,
claiming that exercises should be strong
and ihythmlcal , nnd thu system Is good
when It abides by those laws , name it
Turner , Preece , Ling. American , German
or Swedish. I agri-o with Mr , Andres that
If the pupils In the Omaha schools nro
simply striking attitudes , the Work IH a
failure , , but If the pupllH are trying to sit
straight at their desks , are In a correct
position while writing , If they are taking
movements each day to maku them stronger
and stralghtcr. If Ihu teacher hi being
taught to stand In front of them , straight
nnd strong , they nio doing well , even al
though thu system Ifl not called Turner.
There Is a stiong man at the helm In
Omaha , Air. Flt/patrlck , a man ndmlnxl
and looked up to by the educational world ,
and both Mr. Andres nnd myself nre for
getting ouraulves when wu attempt to dlc
, . to him „ „ > | , l.m . OC j
Uoatlng , tathlut' , music. Courtland