Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (June 17, 1894)
THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : NIAY , JUNE 17 , 101. 11 UTOPIAN HOPES BLASTED Bitter and Costly Experience of the Sinaloi Colon/ ! THE EDEN AT TOPOLOBAMPO BAY History of , \ . K. Owrn'ii Comiiniiilfitlc Drcnm mill How It I'nilcil SulTcrliiK * of Ilia Dnpril ColimltM Million * ! jcUiiiilrrcit. The story of the HBO and ( all of the Slnnlca co-operative colony scheme contains much of bitter trutli , disappointed hopes' and blasted ambltlcn. The state of Kansas , the home of vagarUtu , 1ms many duped and dl - nppointcd residents to bear witness to the suffering aud hardship endured In the JIux- Icarv Utopia , where He burled , with ninny of tlio best years of their lives , hopes that were as buoyant no the Slnaloa bubble It- Keif , silrl , as time has proved , fully as fragile. Thcr artincn here , writes a Kansas cor respondent of the Globe-Democrat , as well ns In many other states In the union , who sacrificed their all to emigrate to the new Kl Dorado. They were from the middle class usually , and they readily gave up their little homes , iccurcd after years of toll and eavlnc , that they might find means vltlivhlch to join one or the other of the numerous parties that have taken the long nnd arduous journey to "tlio land of prom ise , " only to Hnd disappointment , dluaetcr and , In many Instances , death. A gentleman who Is In a position to know the truth Is authority for the statement that no less than (1.000,000 have been loit by the. colonists. Many have returned , penniless and disheartened , but yet glad to cfcape the horrors and dlcccmforts of the ex pected Eden. Others found graves In 'the far distant land , while some still remain In the colony , too destitute to get away , and yet buoyant by the ever receding hope that some day fortune will to ravor them that they can return to the land of their fathers. CONCEIVED BY A NEW YORKER. The man who first conceived the cooperative tive colony of Slnaloa was A. K. Owen , formerly an engineer of Chester , Pa. , after wards a resident of New York city. He went to Mexico In the 70s and secured em ployment on one of the roads In which ex- I'resldent Grant , William Wlndom , ex-secre tary of the treasury , and other prominent citizens were Interested. Owen learned of a fine harbor on the west coast of Mexico where there had been no settlements , and which presented , to his mind , a fine field for speculation. A consultation with Mr. Wlntlorn and others was held. They de termined that If the harbor was as re ported It would make a great place for a railroad terminal and the building up of a great city. Owen made the trip of about 400 miles from Chihuahua on horseback over the Sierra Madre mountains to Topolobampo bay , and found there a landlocked harbor , with moun tains on three Bides. Level and. fertile plains stretched from the bay for m.les to the north and east. It was. an Ideal spot for a city , but It had one great drawback the nearest known fresh water was the Puerto river , twenty-five miles north. The soil was rich with slit from the moun tains , and to the Imagination of Owen It fulfilled all the requirements of the Ideal colony he had In mind. Returning from the trip , Owen secured from the Mexican government a concession to build a railroad from Topolobampo bay to Eagle Passv Tex. , on the Rio Grande river. He also sought to obtain a grant and as sistance from the United States to build a connecting line from Norfolk. Va. , to-.Eaglo Pass. The latter scheme failed , as did several others of a kindred nature. Owen's main Idea appeared to have congress au thorize a specific Issue of greenbacks with which to defray the expenses of the under taking , but It failed. The chief argument made by Owen In favor of the scheme was that by building' a railroad to Topolobampo bay a harbor would be obtained nearly 800 miles nearer New York than San Francisco , and thus It .would become the port of the commercial trade ot North America and Europe with Japan , China and Australia , At this time the co-operative colony had not suggested Itself to the mind of Owen , und It was not until his efforts to enlist this government In his plans failed that he con. celved the Idea of forming the Credit Fonder der company , and making It a co-opcratlvo concern , which would carry out his plans. The main feature of this Idea , was the cre ation of a city which , us an Incorporated community , should own and control all the natural resources * within Its 'domain , and that the commune should Include farms , or chards and factories. Private property waste to be permitted under certain restrictions In the Interest of the commonweal. Ten di rectors were to control the Credit Foncler , and Pacific City was first selected as the name for the town , though afterword this was several times changed to meet the ne cessities of later concessions , but all of which were finally lost. The concessions secured from Mexico In cluded nearly 1,000.000 acres of land , sup posed to bo valuable both for agriculture und mining purposes. ; U was stipulated that work on the proposed railroad should be completed within a specified time. Failure to Interest the American government neces sitated the co-opcratlvo colony schema , the colonists being expected to begin work on the road. The Credit Foncler of Slnaloa was char tered In 1886 under the laws of Colorado. Among the principal corporators were Owen , Edward and Maria Howland of Ham- nionton , N. J. : Dr. Shcllhouse of California ; Dr. Pect of Denver ; John W. Lovell , th Now York publisher , and D. D. Chldcstcr ol Ohio. The plan and prospectus were adver tised In a little paper edited by Mrs. How- land , In which It was proposed that as soon as 15,000 shares of stock at $10 each had been sold colonization upon the lands at Topolobampo bay would begin. ORGANIZING THE FIRST COLONY. Golden-hued stories of the coming city and the Ideal llfo that was to be lived there filled the columns of the lltllo paper , which as a boomer was for a time a marked success. The talcs of the beautiful homes to bo built , of the virgin soil that was as rich as gold , of the lovely climate , grand scenery end piro | water , of the love and higher life of harmony and equity , fired the mlmls ot many , and In the fall of 18SB all the stock had been sold and the first colony was ready to start ; , It was designed to send a thoroughly equipped force of 100 single men as an ad vance guard for preliminary work , but these who had sacrificed their homes and were ready to go refused to wait , and when It was .tlmo for the colony to start , not 100 Blnglo men , but BOO men , women and chil dren , from half the states of the union , vent forward , going by rail to Guaymas and ' thence about -00 miles by boat to Topo- lobampoKbay , the Blto of the future great city The first colonists arrived In the bay In De cember , 18SG. They found the fine harbor , but that WUB all. Instead of a beautiful and picturesque country , rich In possibilities , they found a land covered by almost Impenetrable Bhrubbcry , every bush of which was a mass ot thorns. This was alike In vallpy and on " mountain , and there was not enough cle'ar land to pitch a slnglo tent. The colonists , most of them unused to frontier life , were Ill-prepared for the llfo they were compelled to lead for the next tew months. The near est fresh water was twenty-five miles away Inland , but Utcr a supply was procured from the Island of Los Cnpus , eight miles out In the bay. The provisions were soon exhausted , small pox broke out , and death depleted the band. It wa sixty miles to the nearest postofflce , and Hie Mexican malls are slow and uncer tain. Many of the- colonists had money , but the natives had naught to sell save a little corn , nnd It WHB weeks before aid came from the United States In response to the money and appeals nent out. In the meantime , many died , some of smallpox , and more of starvation , and the futureof the pioneers looked dark Indeed. Supplies finally reached them , a road was opened around the mountain and communi cation with the towns In the valley of the Puerto established. A preliminary survey waj also made , for the first stretch of the proposed railroad , thirty mile * la length , be tween the bay nnd the river , where w i to be established Veg.itlon , the first town on the lino. To this point moat of the colonlils went , Ground was leased , lomc buildings ot brick and adobe erected und a sort ot crop made. Meantime one A. J. Wllher had been left ns director In charge of the colony by Owen. The land lca cd belonged to an American named Hnskcll , who had IOMK lived In the country and had married a McLean. The leased rights were forfeited , and the colo- iilstM were again homeless and more destitute than over. MORE FUNDS RAISED. When the Hankell land wa lost , Owen , who had returned In April to the states , was appealed to , and succeeded In raising money for n land fund. He had promise 1 to return to the colony In six months with an abund ance of money and pro\ talons to carry out his plans , but It wan nearly four years be fore he again appeared. Leaving the Has- kell farm , the colonists went to La Login , which had been iclectcd by Wllber , though ths colonists preferred n desirable tract of land near Ahome , which had been offered to them. This place had a hlghwatcr ditch. La Logla lands were leased under u con tract that finally compelled their purchase from the owner , Dun Ochoa , nnd this land Is still the property of the company. The tract contains ubout CS.OOO acrcsof , which at pres ent about 10,000 acres cnn be Irrigated dur ing high water. Only 1,000 acres , however , arc under cultivation. , Affairs of the colony we're brightened In 1S87 , sooon after the purchase. A number of western men , among them C. 13. Hoffman , the L'ntorprlse ( Kan. ) miller and capitalist , took an Interest In the colony. 0. J. Lamb of Kerwln , another prominent labor man , visited Slnaloa In 18S8 , and on his return In terested others to such a degree that , as sisted by Hoffman , funds were raised to clear Li Logla lands of debt , and the Kansas- Slnaloa Investment company was organized as an auxiliary to the Credit Foncler. Its charter stated that Its purposes were "to buy land In the state of Slnaloa , Mex. , and assist hp Credit Foncler company In Its philan thropic work. " Among the Incorporators were some men who have become prominent In Kansas poli tics since the populists came Into power. They Include Slate Bank Commissioner Kreldenthal , James flutler , steward at the Asylum for the Insane , and G. C. Clemens , the lawyer , of Topeka. Up to this time the affairs of the colony had gone from bad to worse , the food sup ply being Inadequate , money scarce , and company scrip valueless as a circulating medium among the natives. Hoffman went to Slnaloa with supplies In 1889 , and a small colony , the second to go out. This gave new life to the move ment , and during 1883 and 1S90 several mere colonies were added to the list , the largest leaving Enterprise , Kan. , In Novem ber , 1890. It consisted of 189 persons , who took with them 1K > head of horses , fifty cows and thirteen freight car loads of sup plies. Hoffman was In charge of the col onists , and William Duller , now editor of a populist paper In this city , looked after the supplies. * Hoffman's object was to build ditches from the Puerto to the Mochls lands , near the bay , to which It was proposed to change the settlement. This work was undertaken by the Kansas company as trustees for the colonists who worked upon the ditch. Pay ment for labor was mada In what Is known as Improvement fund scrip , and which has been worth all the way from par down to 10 cents. It was on this ditch that the col ony as a co-operative Institution finally went to pieces. The ditch , designed for a low- water canal , was completed seven miles In from the river to the Mochls land , and Is a failure , despite the two years of labor put upon It. In time of high water it Is serv iceable , but It Is above low-water mark , and at the time when the water was most needed to make crops none could bo ob tained except for family use by pumping , thus making farming a practical failure. At least $25,000 will be required to remedy the defect and complete the main ditch. Hut the colonists ore disgusted and divided , there Is no more money to be had and the work , stopped In 18S9 , Is at an end , so far as the colony Is concerned. DIVIDED INTO FACTIONS. Wllber was superseded as director in charge , but the breach madfe never healed and there are now two colonies. Owen heads the faction known as the Wllberltes , and the Westerners sympathize with that known as "the kickers. " After the ditch failure Hoffman visited Europe and Interested Michael Fleurschclm , a German millionaire , In the colony. An attempt at reorganization was made , but miscarried. An agreement was made with Owen In 1892 for the proposed reorganiza tion , but that failed , owing to a disagree ment with Hoffman nnd Fleurschelm over details. AH efforts at a reconciliation hav ing failed , two distinct organizations re sulted , the Owen faction retaining the Old name of the Credit Foncler , and the other being known as the Free Land company. One of the contentions of the latter from the first of the difficulty was that all power should rest In the people of the commune , while the Wllberltcs held that , as Owen was the founder of the colony , his wishes should bo supreme , and the colonists should obey his commands as expressed through Wither , his lieutenant. This factional fight , together with the hardships the colonists have been compelled to endure , has caused the colony to dwindle from more than 700 to about 260 , of whom only about 100 remain In the original Credit Foncler , which , to all Intents and p'urposes , has gene out of existence. With Its death vanished the dream of a great .co-operative colony that was to roll In wealth and luxury , raise all Its own food , manufacture all Its own clothing and machinery and own a railroad In Its own right. W. A. Wi'herspoon of this city has just returned from Slnaloa , where he has been ns the legal representative of the Karuas- Slnaloa branch , endeavoring to straighten out the affairs of the factions In the courts. As n co-operatlvo venture he says the col ony has proved a complete failure. The Kansas-SInaloa company , which still holds a large tract of land , will attempt to complete the ditch and colonize Its lands by the sale of small parcels to actual set tlers. A. J. Streeter of Illinois , once union labor candidate for president , also has titles to some 38.000 acres of land In the Mochls district , and would like to secure control ot and complete the ditch. He wants to establish a vast sugar plantation there. James Duller , editor of the Monitor of this city , nnd who spent eighteen months at the colony , gives some details of the routine of the colony. All colonists , he says , were wage earners , men and women nllke receiving ? 3 per day In scrip for a day's work of eight hours. All supplle ? were obtained from n general commissary department , where but one set of books wore kept and settlements made monthly. The colonists were credited with all labor and charged with nil suplles received or labor performed for them , scrip being Issued for any balance duo at the close of the month. Some $200,000 of this scrip U held by 500 or more persons , but It has little If any value. When provisions were to bo obtained at nil they were reasonably cheap , but the accommodations were always meager , and thcro were no comforts of civilized life. At times there was actual suffering for the common necessaries of life , and luxuries were always absent. "The colonists , " said Mr. Duller , "were , as a rule of the middle class , In the mat ter of religious belief they were not sec tarians of any kind , but were chlclly splr- ItualUtt , materialists , ntholsls and agnosllcs. The report once spread that free love ruled the colony was purely sensational , for the people are moral and honest. The educa tional facilities while I was there were good , but we had no churches or church services , our Sunday meetings being held In the na ture ot a literary society. "Tho newspaper , the Credit Foncler , es tablished when the colony was first lo cated , It still In existence , and with a sim ilar paper , the New City , published In New York , uupports the Owen faction. The Kan- Bus-Slnoloa company also publishes a paper , the Integral Co-operator , the place of pub lication being at Enterprise , In this county , and Its editor Is C. P. Llndstrom , who also spent some tlmo In Slnaloa. In my judg ment Slnaloa Is a state of pots.bllltles , but the Owen experiment has proved the fallacy of a co-operative colony. This has been a failure , absolutely so , and I can conceive ot no condition under which U csuld have been otherwise. " One word describes It , "perfection. " Wo refer to DoWltt'u Witch Hazel Salve , cures plies. Dr. Galser of Tecumseh exhibited a straw berry plant one day last week upon which there were 106 well developed berries , and on another plant at borne tie found 12 $ per fectly formed berrlet , GIANTS BEFORE THE BAR Undo Earn and the Telephone Monopolies Lock Horns in Court. THE VALIDITY OF THE BERLINER PATENT .Mnrtclnun rrngrrun nf Tclrgriiplij In I'lftjr YearV I.ntrnt Dcxolopinrnt of litre- trlclty In Viirlnim 1'leliU or Ac- tnltjr ut liuinc mill Alirnttil. The suit Instituted by the United States In the federal court for the district of Hoaton to annul the Berliner patent nnd break the Dell telephone monopoly Is set for trial June 14. The patent covers what Is known In the art as n "microphone , " that Is. n transmitter In which the electrodes of the apparatus , which are the parts through which the current passes , remain In con- rtant contact , and by the variations of that contact produced by the vibration of the diaphragm cause undulations In the cur rent similar In form to the sound waves produced by the human voice. It Is a dif ferent Instrument from thait described by Mr. Hell In his original telephone patent , und a very much better one for practical use. Some tacts In regard to Its history are related In an Interview by Judge Taylor efFort Fort Wfyne , Ind. , of counsel for the gov ernment. When the experiments of Mr. Dell and Prof. Gray began to be talked about In the latter part of the 70's Mr. Orton , president of the Western Union Telegraph company , sent for Mr. Edison and told him thai It there wns going to be such a thing ns n speaking telephone the Western Union Telegraph company wanted to handle It , and employed him to cuts'- the field and pro duce one If the thing coulil be done. Mr. Dell , however , was ahead with his funda mental patent , which was the first disclos ure of the use of an undulating current as dlstlngutihed from a make and break cur rent. Mr. Edlsoli , nevertheless , took up the subject with his customary thorough ness of research , and by the spring of 1678 produced a practical microphone , having electrodes made of carbon. It was a very much superior Instrument to Mr. Dell's transmitter , which the Dell company was Inen pulling on the market. The Western Union company took It up and began Introducing It with great energy. Suit was brought by the Dell company for In fringement of Dell's fundamental patent. When Ihe case was about ready for Irlal , It was compromised by what Is known ns the telephone consolidation agreement of 1879. Dy that agreement the American Dell telephone - phone company obtained exclusive control of the valuable patenls relallug lo telephony. In exchange for which the Western Union company was to have a share of the profits of the business for forty-seven years. The Bell company then Immediately substituted throughout the country- for the Bell trans- miller a carbon microphone , using In the place of the form made by Mr. Edison a modification of It Invented by Mr. Blake , and known as the Blake trnnsmltler. This Is Iho Inslrumenl out of which the Bell company hns made Its money , and for the fundamental Invenllon of which Iho world Is Indebted to Mr. Edison. The Berliner application was filed June 4 , 1877. As filed It Is hard to say whal It described. It was a bodge podge of contradictory and unlnlelllglble sluff. But It contained n suggestion of n form of trons- mltter In which Ihe current should be va ried by variation of pressure between the electrodes. And as the time went on It was amended by various cnanges and addi tions as practical experience In the business showed the way , until , as Issued , the patent describes accurately and sufficiently a microphone transmitter having metal elec trodes In constant contact and operating by varying pre'sure. Such a transmitter , while of no practical value for use. Is suf ficient to illustrate the principle Involved , and upon that basis the patent claims the Invention In terms so broad as to Include every form of microphone which It Is pos sible to make. The application remained pending In the patent office under one pretext and another , for more than fourteen years , and finally Issued only sixteen months before the funda mental patent to Mr. Bell was to expire. The Invention Is one of the greatest Impor tance In the business of telephony. The magneto transmitter of Mr. Bell answers a very good purpose In certain situations and for short distances , but for exchange service and for the-uses of the telephone which are most valuable It Is not suitable. If the Dell company can ho'd ' the Berliner patent it will go a great way toward prolonging the monopoly of-the business until 1908. At the same time It has enjoyed the monopoly of the microphone under various patents to Edison and DIake and others ever since 1878. So that the effect of the Derllner patent , If It Is upheld , will be to extend the monopoly ely of the Dell company for nearly double the period contemplated by law. HALF A CENTURY OF TELEGRAPHY. The celebration of the golden jubilee of the telegraph In America suggests what a gigantic Industry the telegraph Is today. Taking only Its main figures of land lines nnd submarine telegraphy , It Is found that there are at thevpresent moment very close upon 1,000,000 miles of telegraph lines In the world , representing more than 2,500- 000 miles of separate wiring. There are about 465,000 telegraph stations scattered all over the world , which handle yearly about 300,000,000 messages , of which number about 60,000,000 are transmitted from one country to another. The telegraph sen-Ice of the world earns yearly a sum of from $450,000- 000 to $500,000,000. Supplementing the enor mous mileage of land lines , there arc about 140,000 of cable , of which Great Drltaln owns about 100,000. To lay and maintain these girdles of telephonic intercommunication re quires a fleet from thirty-five to forty steamers , of an aggregate of over 60,000 tons. This Is the enormous development that has been seen In fifty years from the days of Wheatstono and Morse , and It Is curious to read , as ono can , the elaborate Instructions given just half a century ago for maintain ing the single line then operating in this country between Daltlmore and Washington. Ono very remarkable feature of these Instruc tions Is seen In the advice ot Prof. Morse that as the line paralleled the old Baltimore & Ohio railway , It would be n good thing , If a break were observed , to stop the train and have either the train 'gang or the passengers get out and make a temporary repair. As Morse said : "Very little Interruption would take place If the train that discovered the break would stop not more than five , mln- utcs , and , being furnished with pieces of wire already prepared for the purpose , would unwrap and scrape the broken ends ' and unite them by twisting the ends of t'he pieces of wire to them , and then give notice of the place to the Inspector at either town. " Morse also proposes that If anybody break the line Intentionally , the offender shall be caught , convicted and fined , and the fine be applied to the payment of the superintendent of the line. His Idea was that this little extra money would help give the superin tendent or station master an Interest In hav ing the telegraph line retained In repair. ELECTRIC LIGHT WIRING. It was but natural that the first attempt to account for the fire at the Talmago tabernacle- Brooklyn should result In a verdict of "electric light wires. " Although there Is no reason to believe that the fire was the work of an Incendiary , no barm bai been done In drawing attention to the very Important question of wiring. There Is no department of electrical work on which the safety and the lives of the people are so de pendent , and It Is to be hoped that the crim inal economy of cheap wiring will eventually be so beset by heavy penalties that the public will no longer be menaced by Its ever-pres ent dangers. The practice of putting In Imperfect wiring on board ship has Just been severely criticised In an English electrical Journal. Nothing more horrible than a lire on board elilp can well bo Imagined , and It Is a matter for wonder that shipping lines , and more particularly marine Insurance com panies , should permit ship ? carrying the electric light to go to sea with such Ineffi cient workmanship as 1s often met with Ono of the principals of a largo firm ot shippers In England desir ing to Install the electric light on some , of their vessels , sent for their en gineer , and told him be must carry out the work. Ho confessed th.tvlko know nothing about electric lighting , but was tqld tint ho would bo held responsible for the proper exe cution of the work. The result wan that several ships were wlretfoln a roUih-nnd- tumble way , and clcrlrc | _ lighting plants were Installed , and the itHftTconsidered that they had done u rather clo\er thing In thus avoiding the cxp nc of an exp rt. In a case like this , the cnjltrftr receives bids from a number of firms , and usually gives the contract to the lowest bidder. He docs not know bad work frcnn.jgood . , and If ho meets with nn unprincipled contractor , so much the worse for the MftHrchanccs of the ship and crew. There hWmany points on which the maximum efficiency of a ship- lighting plant depends , such ns the methods of running the circuits , arranging the plant , etc. , and It has ndvlsedly boon pointed out that as many firms are committed to special systems of ship lighting , the Independent opinion of a professional man Is highly de sirable. TRANSMISSION BY LIGHT. Prof. Alexander Graham Bell Is spending these months nt his summer place In Nova Scotia engaged In n series of Investigations which may have Important results. HIS outdoor work U devoted to experiments In "aerial navigation. " In connection with Prof. Larmier of the Smithsonian Institute , while lit his laboratory ho Is .endeavoring to dem onstrate n problem to which he has given a great deal of thought , and In which he thoroughly believes. U Is to harness elec tricity lo light as It has been harnessed to sound , so that people may be nble to BCO n great distance , just ns the telegraph en ables them to write and the telephone en ables them to speak at a distance. Prof. Dell firmly believes that It will be possible some day to see from Washington to New York ns easily as one can convoy the sound of the voice that distance. lie Insists that the fact has already been dem onstrated , and that It only remains to con struct the necessary apparatus to bring tlio discovery Into actual and practical use. Thin Is exceedingly difficult , much more dif ferent than the construction of the tele graph Instrument or the telephone , for the ration that the vibrations of light are so much more rapid than the vlbrat cms of sound. Dtit Prof. Dell Is confident that he will soon be nb o to discover u diaphragm sufficiently sensitive to receive the vibra tions of light and produce the effect necessary to the essary to convey the Impressions human vision. ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES. The French railways are busily engaged In bringing out electric locomotives. The Hellman locomotive , so , often mentioned of late. Is now In regular service , while the road has and Mediterranean Paris , Lyons nearly finished a new type of tlectrle motor. It hns four driving wheels , a four-wheel leading truck and a two-wheel trailing truck so mounted as to form a rigid wheel base 15 feet 7 Inches long. According to the Railroad Gazette , the two motors arc slow speed , six-pole machines , ono for each driv ing axle , around which the armature shaft fits loosely. The commutator Is close to the armature and surrounded by the polo pieces , between which are openings giving access to the brushes. The field magnets are sup ported by heavy lugs on the motrfr frames bearing on vertical rods In such a way as motion of the to allow a slight lateral motors. The motor Is thus held clear of the axle , motion being communicated to the drivers by means of a' number of short links , and a plate takln'g the place of n crank. In order to nvolll. If possible , the use of overhead condpctprs , especially on branch lines , the company proposes to make Its first experiments wlUl storage batteries , carried' ' the leading which are to be over truck of the locomotive. 'The necessary ap paratus for controlling" the current and for applying the brakes is'placed at the front of the engine , where" t Jo motorman will hove a clear view of the track. The whole locomotive Is to be covered In like a box car nnd Is expected fo Kvelgh about sixty- eight tons , as much asa fair size steam locomotive nnd tender for passenger service on one of our roads. ' THE TELEPHONE. The use of the telephone In operating street railways IS noyy well established In this country , and "therel are a few small steam roads on'whichuUie train dispatching Is done by telephoneninstcad of the more common 'Itelegrnphi Instrument. Abroad , however , the practice is much more com mon , and It Is of Interest to note that on the secondary or branch railways in Del- glum the telephone has .completely replaced the telegraph. There are no stations as a rule at the stopping places along these lines , and the Instruments are placed In a locked box In a neighboring tavern. Each box contains a transmitter , two receivers and a magneto-electric call apparatus. All the stations on a road are on the same circuit , and conversation has been held between the end stations of a line thirty-six miles long , having eighteen stations. At first the line was made of No. 9 Iron wire , but now No. 15 phosphor-bronze wlro Is preferred. The total length of these roads Is 675 miles , of which 170 miles have the old Iron wire conductors , and the total number of sta tions is 197. In France , the telephone Is used on many main lines for all orders ex cept such as affect the safety of trains. On a portion of the Vlncennes railway there is n rather novel system1 In vogue , by which at a given signal on the telegraph Instru ment the operator connects the telegraph wires with a telephone for verbal communi cation. The large Austrian railways use field telephones , which may be connected with the telegraph wires at any point , with out Interrupting the telegraphic communi cation. AUTOGRAPH TIME RECORDER. An Ingenious clock with , special attach ment has just been put on the market for recording the work done by Individual work men In electric light and power stations. The clock which drives the record dial Is supported In the casting , the ends of which are securely fastened to a wooden frame. The record dial Is divided by parallel radial lines Into thirty-minute spaces , so that a record can be made every half hour of the amperes , volts , steam pressure , vacuum , dynamos names cut out and dynamos started , the space for each record being appropriately Indicated. It Is absolutely necessary that the dynamo tender 'should make his record regularly at stated Intervals , as In case of failure to do so the portion of the dial which presents Itself at the proper moment for his Inscription will pass on under the glass , and appear as a blank record of his negligence. The register shows the exact time each dynamo name was Started and cut out , and the length of time each has been running , be sides giving all the Information necessary for ascertaining the average or total day or night load. This Instrument can be adapted by a single change In the printing of the dial , to any other kind of business where a half-hourly or hourly record Is desired. Klcctrlcnl.Nutci. Klt-l I I Suit has been begun.ftt Henderson against the Dell Telephone company and the Southern Telephone and Telegraph company by Mlle KGllopg , a stockholders ! ! ! ! the latter company , for an accounting ami the apppolntment of a receiver. If noces * ry. The petition al leges , In effect , that the Hell company , which controls a majority ofc the stock of the Southern , has attempted.to "freeze out" the smaller stockholders , by , depreciating the stock through unscrupulous management. A very handy little'xihablo ' ( plant Is being used on vessels navigating the Manchester ship canal at night.Tfio apparatus Is prac tically a duplicate of that employed for lighting vessels through the Suez canal during the last twelve months. U com prises a small engine and dynamo combined , a search-light projector ! of the admiralty pattern , and a mast are lamp and reflector. The projector barrel U twenty Inches In diameter , rolled outlDf'steel sheet , all the mountings being of gun metal finished bright. The mirror Is twenty Inches In di ameter , ten-Inch focus , with a bayonet socket attachment to > the barrel , so as to facilitate removal for cleaning , etc. The electrical connections are carried Inside the projector , and an Instrument similar to a camera Is provided at one side of the pro jector for viewing the are Imago thrown on ground glass. An electric light bath Is the latest scheme of medical scientists. It IB operated as fol lows , says Chambers Journal : A closet of sufficient size to accommodate a person , con structed of polished nickel tq , give a good reflecting surface , Is fit ted up with u number of six- teen-candle Incandescent lamps , so arranged as to take up the least possible room and afford the largest possible radiating surface , while the temperature can be regulated by passing the current through a resistance poll. As the temperature In the' Inclosuro can bo raised In ten minutes to 150 degrees Fahrenheit , the result la equivalent to a combined light and vapor nnth. The skin Is browned as If by cunhuriiliiK , And the effect Is clnlmttl to bo moat unlutary. N MT I'lie won IrrlKittlon , "Irrigation , It.i History. Methods , Statistics und Results , " Is the title of the latest of the Union Pacific scrle.i of publications , com ing as It does at u time when the greater nest Is nllvt ! to the Importance ot this iiurs- tlon. Irrigation Is ono ot the vital problems ot the hour nnd the salvation ot the Union Pacific largely hinges upon the reclamation ot the arid lands along Its system of rails. The little book , which Is n mine of useful Information , Is Issued by the passenger de partment of the "world's pictorial line" nnd Includes , In addition to short histories of the different Irrigation companies , tables ot statistics that liavc been complied with the greatest possible care. The history of Irrigation Is found In the following : "Tho first fields were cultivated In arid lands , the first flocks were distributed on arid lands , the first cities were built In arid lands anil the first civilized govern ments were organized In arid lands. Under tot rid skies , on rainless , treeless plains , agriculture , the domestication ot animals , art In metals , temple building , cities and civilization had their bbKlnntng. "Itrlgatlon Is one of the oldest arts used by man. It was practiced by the Egyptians , Arabians , Assyrians , Babylonians nnd Chinese , nnd hns from time Immemorial formed a part of the agriculture of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. The Valley of Mnrcb , In Yemen , Arabia , wns Irrigated by waters distributed from n vast reservoir made by n dam two miles long nnd 120 feet high , constructed by n king who reigned long before the tlmen of Solomon. This dam was built of enormous blocks of hewn stone and must certainly have been the work of u skilled engineer , ns It stood and restrained the current of n large stream of seventy tributaries for up ward of 2,000 years , when It burst with desolating effect. The canal of the Plmruohs connecting ancient Peluslum with the Red sea wns constructed for Irrigation purposes. The plains of Assyria und Babylonia were covered with an Immense system ot canals , some of them hundreds of miles In length. The Romnns during several centuries con structed extensive works which are still In use nnd the Saracens carried the art Into Spain. " The extent of the arid lands In the great west , according to the book , comprises 900- 000,000 acres. Of this Immense tract 600,000- 000 acres uro good urnble land wheii Irri gated. The arid area embraces eight stntes or parts of stntes and three territories , an area eleven times larger than tire British Isles. Isles.Within Within this great area of arid land the statistical men say there Is ample room for a population of from 8,000,000 to 9,000,000 people and territory enough to make eight states the size of Indiana. The following table gives the number of Irrigators and the area Irrigated as ascer tained by the enumeration above mentioned , made In 1890 : Number of Acres Irrlgatorn. Ir.lgn'i ' l. Arizona 1.0T5 Bi , l California 13732 1 OM 2 Colorado 9.BM K0.73 : , Idaho 4.523 517 M3 Montana 3,7i > $ n.Vi.fi 2 Nevada 1.1C7 K4 4)1 New Mexico 3,183 Sl.:4. , OreKon 3.1W 177/144 Utah 9,7.5 2 3.4T.1 WaililnRton J. 4 4S .00 Wyoming 1.S17 K'.fi ? ! ! Sub-humid region 1.K2 OC.ICJ Total M.13G 3 631 3S1 "It must be distinctly understood nnd re membered , says the author of 'Irrigation , ' Mr. D. II. Barrows of the passen ger department , "that arid lands are not unproductive because of any deficiency In the boll. It Is lack of moisture only. One fact regarding the Irrigated land Is sufficient proof to the contrary , and that Is , that the largest possi ble crop can be and Is raised on Irrigated land as ngilnst ordinary farm land. This fact , however , as applied to Irrigated lands along the lines of the Union Pacific system has a deeper significance. Have you ever stopped to think how long the lands of Italy and Sicily have been In use , and how far from being worn' ottt' they -are ? In many sections of our 6wn comparatively new coun try artificial aids have been used for many years , and In the oldest settled regfbns the soil will not produce a crop without the aid of fertilizers. Now , a soil which remains practically fresh after thirty centuries or more of constant cultivation must have some element of restoration , some way of renew ing Itself without the aid of man. This Is due to the basaltic substratum of the soil , and wherever soil has an underlying founda tion of lava rock it is practically indestructi ble . In many districts on the Union Pacific systenr where Irrigation Is now being suc cessfully practiced , this firm bed rock of lava stone Is found , and thus the soil Is one which , humanly speaking , will never wear out. There Is something In the chemical composi tion of lava rock which appears self-renew ing and It vivifies and restores the soil above It and successfully resists the natural pro cesses of decay which are Inexorable In other sections. There Is no question about this en- rlch'ng power or of the proven ability of such a soil to produce better and larger crops than thoso'grown under different conditions. " There Is one chapter In the book worthy of the closest study , and Is entitled , "The Coming Man With Ten Acres. " In Introduc ing the subject a quotation from nn old Romnn orator seems practically pertinent , "Ho Is not to be accounted a good citizen , but rather n dnngerous man to the state who cannot content himself with seven acres of land. " Continuing , the author says : "The time has passed in this country when the owner ship and operation of thousands of ocres In ono 'farm' are vested In a single Individual. As the public domain slowly decreases , and our population Increases , thcro will of ne cessity be fewer large holdings. "Tho present time Is a veritable golden op portunity for the man of small means. Ten acres of Irrigated land In Wyoming , Idaho or Utah , producing fruit and vegetables , will afford n living nnd nn income for a man and his family. In the old countries , notably In Ireland , It Is amazing to see how small n pleco of Innd will support a family. In China nnd Japan appears the same condition. In either of these countries a family of four people get along comfortably on nn acre of ground , and this is done In Ireland at an expense of not more than two months labor In the year. "Irrigation , more than any other device of which wo can avail ourselves , docs awny with the element of chance. By making the crop larger and more certain It reduces the number of acres that the farmer must cultivate. This enables him to give better cultivation to that land , which fact In turn again , operates toward better crops. "Tho man who finds himself fully occupied with and gaining a satisfactory rcnumera- tlon from the cultivation of a few acres , Is very hear to the attainment of the highest degree of agricultural success. "This Is the best outcome of the practical operation of Irrigation. U heralds the era of the small farmer , who secures from a few acres all that Is needed In make and main tain a comfortable home , nnd the surplus from which the gain In value that Is as certain to come as the land Is to remain will make a satisfactory provision for his. old age. " The book comes at a most opportune tlmo when the country , and particularly the west , Is alive to the subject of Irrigation , and In the language of the Arizona Kicker , "will fill a long felt want. " A boon Companion , , At the Sea-shore , in the Mountains , on the Ocean. Mo matter where you may spend your Summer , do not foil to take with you that most delightful and refreshing of traveling companions Murray & Lanman's ' FLORIDA WATER. THE ONLY GREAT SHOW THIS SUMMER. SELLS BROTHERS' ENORMOUS UNITED R. R. SHOWS AUGMKXTKI ) HY ALL THAT IS Grocit ) , Grn.ri.cl § 111 cl Gorgeous. A CYCLONE OF SUCCESS. The Hlj ; Half-Dollar Show h.is Lowered its Price within reach of all. - jaHwr . CENTS ADMITS TO COMBINED SHOWS - S & ! " i WQ& ( CIRCUS , MENAGERIE AND HIPPODROME fcjC- * A REMARK BLE RECO D BREAKER-THOUSANDS TURNED AWAY M EV RY PERFORM \NCE OOLOSSALx 3-RING GIROUS Royal Uoin.in Hippodrome Sports , Huge Elevated Stages , 50-Cage Ulen- agerie , Gladiatorial Combats , African Aquarium , Australian Aviary , Arabian Caravan. Spectacular Pageants and Trans > Pacific Wild Iteast Uxhiblt. i , SATURDAY , JUNE 3O. Exhibition Crountia 20th and Chnrlos Streets. - * - I'l'rscntliig lieci'ij .let nn I nil Ifeie ni It'itraipnte lt eni'ii'iiftii'j all of the Celebrities of tlir .trcnle ll'oi-M. 2OO STARTLING ACTS in Three Seimruto Rings nnd Two Elovntod Stages It has all tha Grant Equo sir onnos , Ecu | stria is , 30-Horso Rlclora , E lu- cntecl Horses , Tralmcl Ponloa , Parfornlnj Ilophants , Tralno-.l Seals and Sea Lions , Tral iocl Hlppojotaoi' , Trained Storks , Rooster OrohastrtSi Comical Clowns , Jolly Jastors , Cla Jlators , Jockoya. Chart toora. Slcycllsta Loapors. Dane s , In fact all tli3 champ on por'orrmrs of America and Europe g-oupad In an U iprosodont 3d Programme. SELLS BROTHERS' BIG SHOW of the World Is' the C.norojs Master of the Situation. PROGRESSIVE , pERPETUAL , TDOPULAR , EERLESS , * RINOELYtREEMINENr. . WAITFOEIIT ! S3B II ! DON'T ' MIS1 IT ! ITS LIKE IS NOT ON EAEHI Grand Glorioin Free f treat Parada at 10 A M. on the Day of the Eihibitloa- TWO PERFORM \N3ES D IILY , AT 2 AND 8 P. WT. ' CENTS ADMITS TO COMBINED SHOWS CIRCUS , M NAGERIE AND HIPPODROME Special Excursion Rates oil All Hiios of Travel , Special T o'lot Sr.lc at Branch T icket Office , Merrhn a Hotel Oigar Eland. COTJN JIL BLUrFS , JULY 2. BIG CLEARANCE SALE OF Clothing , Sen's Furnishings and Shoes Commencing Saturday , June 91li , at Western Clothing Co. Ourbuvcr left Thursday last for the Eastern markets to order our Fall Roods , meantime we have concluded to reduce our stock by a sweep * ing reduction sale. If you are in doubt , conic in an J sec us. We are the oldest clothing house in Omalr.i , and you can rely on the goods and prices being right. We quote a few of the cut down prices : S22.00 .Men's Suits go at $10.50. SI 5.00 Men's Suits go nt $7.75. $10.00 Men's Suits go at $5.50. $5.00 iMen's Suits go at $2.75. Boys' Suits Out * $12.50 Boys' Suits go at $0.75. $8.00 Boys' Suits go at S .nO. S5.00 Boys' Suits go at $2.25. Underwear. Full suit B ilbriggan Underwear for 50j. White or Colored Laundered Shirts go at 50c. Men's black and tan Socks , all sizes , former price 25. : , go at 102. Shoes Out. $5.00 genuine Kangaroo Shoes go during this sale at $2.75. $4.00 Culfildu Shoes go during this sale at $2.25. $2.50 solid leather shoes go at $1.25. STRAW HAT PICNIC THIS WEEK AT THE WESTERN CLOTHINGr GO , 1317-1319 Douglas Street. - - 3 Doors East from Corner lth St. SEARLES & SEARLES SPECIALISTS Chronb , Nervou , Prlvato AND Special DlSJHH. TREATMENT BY MAIL CQHSULATIQN FREE Wo euro Catarrh. All Dlaoaaoi of Iho Noao , Throat , Chost. Stomaoh , Liver , Blood , Skin and Kl'noy Dls- oasos. Female Woak.iossos , Lost Manhood AND AUU PRIVATE DIS EASES OF MEN REMOVED TO 1410 PARNAM STREET. Call nn or Address , Dr. Searles & Bearles , 1410 O.HAI1.Mil FAUNAMST ! . SURELY CURED. ToTiir. EDITOR Flviiso inform your read ers that I Imvo a positive remedy for the obovo untneil dit > casa. Dy ita timely lisa thousands of hopeless cases have been jicr- muuciitly cured. I shall bo ghul to Bend two bottles of my remedy free to nny of your renders who Imvo consumption if they will send mo their express and poKtoftico address. T.A.Slocuuj.M.0. , 183 PcurlSt. , Now York. flnolf s Droifirtierg. Knlendld cnratlro niont for Jifrtout or Side Headache , llrulnro Eihnutlton , Klcepleunnu , * jeciui or cenrral haurulalai uUo lor Itlieu. matlim , Oout , KlJutr Ii ) > or < l r , Acid Vit- l I ia. Aaii'mia. .A nil Join for AlcolioHo ( inI , other cicetwd. 1'ilcc ' , 10,23and Wc nU. THE ARNOLD CHEMICAL CO. 101 8. WesUrn # " . < . OHIMaV For sale by all druggglsts , Omaha. Teeth Filled 50c up I " \ * * OoW Orown and Urldiro Work. DR. WITH-RS , < th Floor , Drown Ulack , , 10Ih and Telephone 1779. Deer Park and Oakland On the Crest of the Allcglienies , ( MAIN LINE B , & O. R , R. ) Season opens June 23d , 1894 Hates $00. $70 und too a month , according t locution. Amlro.sH GEOKOK IVSIIIELD9 , Mnnucor. Dear Turk , tiurrott County , Md. Mountain Lake Park UITWKIN : IIISKU IMKK AND OAKLAND Ssason opens June 1st , 1894. MODNT-IH LAKE OAMP VEBTINQ , MOUNTA LAKE OHAUTAUQUA , ( W. L. DAVIDSON. D. D. , Sup't of Instruction. ) IN n ESTATE W. 0 T. U. CONVENTION , Itntes * 7 to tlG pur wocU. Address L. A. HUmsiM , , , Mountain I/uUo 1'urk , lid. PARROTS ! PARROTS ! Wu liivo rect'lvocl the first lot In thin HO.IUOH ot Young Mexican Yo'lowheaded Parrot ? . W Which wo ofTrr at the Hp clnl prloo of only $1U 00 each , Waliuvo never Hold lliln kind buforu for li'M tlutn * ' 'U ami * ' . ' 3 , nnd aftur thlu lot linn been Bold. Iho prlco ulll bo thn Hanin again. AH Moil- can YellowhffulH art ; known to Irani to talk the cuHli-Ht ami pl.iliR'Ht ( thi'lr voice licluif tha H.iino ana human K'lnir ) , wu will well ( ivury parrot with a urlttcn KUurunti'u to turn out UH an A No. 1 talker. Onlcr noon , before all are. KOIIU , GEISLER'S BIRD STORE , 10(1urtli ( Kllli Street. BEAUTIFUL TEETH. A FTJIX SET 85.00. DR. BAILEY , Dentist. THIKD PLOOlt. I'AXTON VUQGK. < * , 1'alnlcnn extraction without KUU. Teeth out In tnurnliiir nuw OIII-B bcforu dark. Gold and plall * mnu nlilngn. fl.uo , I'uru gold ( llHnce. S'J.Otl tuj < l up. All work warranted. Lady attendant M OUcu. German mxjluu. TctcpUouo ! Ub3. y
