-
THE OMAHA PALY BEE.SLUyiMY. ; JUNE 3 , 1891TWENTY PAGES.
LEARNING TO SAIL THE AIR
German 107001078 Machine for Scaring
Through Space.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE "FLYING MAN"
Iforr I.lllrntlml Tells of III * Inquiries
In the ICcntnu of Avlittus In
lib ) irfort : * to I'roiluco n
I'ljlnjr Mnclilnc.
( Copyrighted. )
BEHliIN , May 26. ( Correspondence of The
Ilcc. ) Tlio experience of tbo century and
more which has elapsed' slnco the epoch-
making Invention of Montgolflcr has taught
us that the balloon Is of practical servlco
only when'confined. Tlie wtilina of the
winds arc too capricious to afford a trust
worthy basis of procedure , and notwith
standing the expedients which the progress
of science has mode It possible to apply , all
attempts , to control a free balloon or to
guide It-In any given direction have thus
far been , unavailing , and. wo seem to bo no
nearer to. a satisfactory solution of the prob
lem than , were our predecessors of hundreds
of years ago. The attention of Investigators
has bcerl diverted , therefore , to flying ma
chines like I'rof. Wllncr's , and alr-shlps Ilko
Mr. Maxim's.
The first recorded attempt to. reduce the
principle to practice was made at Paris In
In the year 1673 by a locksmith named DCS-
uler , who constructed an apparatus with
which ho was able to sustain * himself In the
niSINQ.
a Blmllar form. Look at the latqcu sail
ot an ordinary cat boat , for Instance ; It
jiwouldiho Impgaalblo to Ball BO near the wind
-If jtlio liutrument of propulsion were . a
rigid Hatrsurface , U | .tha effort ot the
Ball to get away from the wind which It
gat horn In Us ample bosom which drives
the boat forward almost In the vary teeth
ot the breeze. An Indexible sail of uhoet Iron
for example would have no such effect. With
TtbBivlml on the quarter , or oven directly
rab'eam , Uiob'oat might make BOIHO progress ,
ibut U thq , wivil | Bhlftcd a point or two for-
Nvurd Ua tendency would be to drive the
boat astern.
"Now that wo possets diagrams , " said
Ilorr Llllcnthal to mo , "which plainly II-
lustrate nil these phenomena , it aocnu
quite easy to explain the flight of birds ,
'Mr1 ever * crow that flics over our h ads
offers a practical solution ot the riddle , Ilo-
cent researches Into the laws of atnioa-
pherjo r Utuice lead clearly to the deduc-
tlbn .thaL curved or arched atirfocea ore to
ba preferred ! lo flat ones , but the original
dlcov ry wan by no means , ns simple and
sulf-tivlilcht as It now appears. Tltero are
alll | prcinUiwit Investigators who will note
< * o -that the arched or vaulted wing In
cludes tho' secret of the art ot flight. At
- . ' wq cunii upon the track ot thU Idea , my
brother ant ] I , who were then young and
wholly wltlioat moans , used to spare from
our breakfasts ; penny by penny , the money
to prsecute our Investlgatldnn , and often
the 'fttrugclo- life' compelled us to In-
tcrrupt them Indefinitely.
"While weweto dtfvotlnR every moment
of our cp.irp time to the nolutlon of the.prob
lem , almost , every one In Oermnny regarded
the nipfi .who. would was to hi- energies In
Buchunproductive tabor an n fnol. Years
ago -tho-rnQflt distinguished professor ot
mathuinattM In the Dorlln Industrial acad
emy aenf mev6r.d . Hint of courao It could
do' no harm to nmnxo myself with such pas
times but warned mo carnesty against put
ting any money Into them. A special com
mission of experts , organized by the state ,
had , In Jncf , Inld U down as a fundamen
tal principle , once for nil , that It was Im
possible for a mart to lly. German so
cietiesfor the promotion of aeronautics did
not thcjt _ cxlnt , and those subsequently
formed were devoted almost entirely to the
Intorcrtx o't ballooning , I have always re
garded the balloon and the exclusive at
tention -which It so long attracted as n
hlndratjcaf rather than a help to the devel
opment of the art of flight. If It had never
been Invented it 1s probable that moro seri
ous .Investigations would have been prose
cuted .toward other suliitlons of the prob
lem. 'Since the time ot Montgolfler nearly
all practical offortH have been directed to the
Improvement of the balloon. Dut It has
nothing'In common with the birds , and It
Is tlieso that wo must take at our model and
exemplar. What we are seeking Is the
means of free motion In the air In any di
rection. * In thU tbo balloon ID of no aid ;
there l no relation between the two sys
tems.
"Many Important questions , however , are
still to be determined. The simple knowl
edge that- the arching of the wings Imparts
sustaining power Is by no means a discovery
'
covery of the' art of flight. "
LESSONS FKOM THE OARSMAN.
In order to appreciate the guiding motive
of Herr Llllonthal'a researches It Is necessary
to say a word on the means of flight with
which nature has provided the dentxens of
the air.The wing ot a bird Is divided Into
| ( . . START FROM TOP OF A IIILb
air during a brief flight , or , In other words ,
to descend gradually from an elevated |
point , with a gliding motion forward.
Another attempt was made in the" year
1742 by the marquis do Uacquevllle , a well
known courtier of the tlmo of Louis XV. ,
who undertook , by thtf aid of a pair of wlngs
which ho bad devised , to sail.through .tho ,
air from , an elevated terrace of his hotel
on the Qual des Theatlilson ttio left bank.
of the Seine , across the river to the garden
of the Tulllorles. Crowds assembled to wit
ness the experiment , which , If contemporary
reports ore to bo trusted , -would have suc
ceeded If tbo marquis had not comq Into In
glorious collision with a "wash-boat" or
floating laundry , and broken his leg. .In
1782 , Montgolfler's invention of the balloon
so captivated the Imagination and engrossed
tbo attention of all observers , that further
researches Into the phenomena of actual
ncIHglittwpro uspondcd , forne , -acentury. .
, r , Hprr fjtUp [ | LllluijthiU ol Berlin ' , who 'has ,
attained some . .9clebrlty 'a "flying man , "
>
' ' ' ' ' wnfch
conducted'a long'serle's'of' experiments
bavo at length been rewarded with an en
couraging measure of success. Hcrr Llllcn
thal was born forty-six years ago In the
antiquated little city ot Anlclam , near the
Baltic coast'of Pomeranla , about sixty miles
Ho the northwest of Stqttln. A residence so
near the ji.ea afforded htm In early life many
an opportunity of prosecuting his favorite
jBtudtes and observations. In later years ho
' rhlgraled"w"lth his younger brother , Oustay ,
his enthusiastic coadjutor In all his re
searches in the domain ot Avlatus , to Ber
lin , where ho established and Is now con
ducting a large manufactory ot small steam
oiiglnos , whoso mechanical appliances fur
nish him with every facility for the con
struction of his flying apparatus. He re-
l.Asides , .however , In the comparatively rural
suburb of Llchterfcldo , and his late oxpcrl-
> ments bavo been conducted chiefly in the
neighboring localities of Stoglltz and the
nhlnower llergon. Ho Is an accomplished
mathematician and a close observer of na-
'turor and Is besides endowed In largo
measure with that poetical instinct which
nearly always constitutes ono sldo ot even
the most practical Gorman character.
DISCARDED FLAT WINGS.
After many experiments with flat wings ,
or plain surfaces , Herr Llllenthal became
' convinced that It was the general parabolic
'curve of the wing which enabled the bird ,
to sustain Itself without apparent effort In
the air.- and even to soar without a motion
ot the wings against the wind , like the al
batross , or seagull , or stork , and this may
im regarded as the most Important outcome
ot Herr Lllloiitlial's Investigations. lllus- .
trntlons arc not far to seek. The circular
'ascents of the carrier pigeon , as ho rises
. when released to gain a general view of
itho landscape , and to take his bearings be
fore starting on his homeward journey , depend -
pond upon this principle. Ho flics with the
Wind , but ho sails or soars against It. It
seems strange that the rationale ot the phe
nomena was not earlier recognized. The
fins of many fishes and the webbed feet ot
many aquatlo birds arc strikingly analogous
'of construction ; the sails of a shin assume
thrco" parts' corresponding to the shoulder-
joint , the foro-arm and the hand fingers .of
the human frame. ' The two former , com-
posed. largely of bones -and muscles and ten
dons" are comparatively heavy , and their
rapid movement demands tho1 expenditure of
considerable physical force ; the last consists
almost entirely of "p'en-feathers" or "pln-
loris1'- ; which move , to a certain extent auto
matically. In the larger birds the "sailers"
or the "soarers , " which alone are to be con
sidered here Iho flrst two members- with ,
their upcurved'surfaces , furnish the sus
taining power , -.and. the last , being at the
greatest distance from the shoulder , or axis
of motion , the chief propulsion force. The
construction " 'of each .momber is peculiarly
adapted "to its special purpose , and'It is this
whloh Herr Llllenthal-has endeavored to Imi
tate. .
An. oarsman , on his forward stroke , opposes
the blade'.of his par almost perpendicularly
to 'the resistance' of.thp water ; as ho'lifts , it
at the beginning of the-backward stroke ho
"feathers" it , or brings It Into a nearly
horizontal position , so that Its edge cuts the
'air.1 "Tlio pinl6Hs "o'f "birds act 'In' precisely
Ihe'same" way/ This Is demonstrated Dy ob-
i8orvflHonof.tho.wing.movpmentsJof the , sea-
brella form universally adopted for the 'par
achute. Try to run with an open umbrella
held above the head and slightly Inclined
backward and eo what a lifting power It
oxcrts.
"I must confess , " said Herr Llllenthal ,
"that to my brother and myself , who hung
our flat wings upon the wall twenty years
ago , the obstinate adherence of nearly all
experimenters to the aeroplane seems In
comprehensible ,
"In my long Intcrcourso with the air and
tbo winds , In all tholr varying phases , I
have learned that there Is an extraordinary
category of difficulties to bo overcome. In
my trials of wings moved by the feet , In my
attempts to construct steam flylnc ma
chines , and In my experiments with me
chanical birds of every description I dis
covered bow difficult It Is to maintain a
steady posltldn In the air , Independent of
the caprices of the wind. I therefore , gave
up for the tlmo all efforts toward actual
propulsion and applied myself to the dis
covery of the simplest form of wing that
would enable mo to 'sail steadily through
the- air on a gentle Incline , and by practice
lo master the wind , that hereditary too of
all aoronaunts.
"I adhere firmly tO'my.-co'nvIcUon that the
wings must bo slightly'.concave. That Is
the fundamental condition' of success. The
curve of a bird's wing Is parabolic , but the
simple parabola differs so little 'from ' the arc
of a circle that I adopted the latter curve
as the moro practicable , and the wings
which I now use are In the .main segments
of a spherical surface.They are BO con
structed that they can'bo folded together
like the wings of a bat. ind require Tery
Ilttlo storage room when not In use.
"It was only gradually that I arrived at
the proper dimensions. Ono -does not easily
gain an adequate conception of the materi
ality of the air , and my apprehensions led
mo at flrst to make the wings too large. I
found that the varying' force , of the at
mospheric currents , modified as they arc
by the undulations , of then earth's surface ,
endangered my equilibrium In direct proportion
tion to tbo spread ot the. wings. Those
which I now employ , nro never more than
twenty-thrco foot from tip to tip , and I am
thus enabled by a simple 'chango of posture
so to alter the position of tbo center of
gravity as to restore the equilibrium.
BALANCING- PARADOXES
"Thcro are limits also to the breadth ot
the wings , or tholr extension backwards.
The operator must bo able In a moment
to transfer the center of gravity BO far to
the rear as to overcome the action of the
air , which might otherwise tend to throw
him forwards , and precipitate him to the
earth. When one feels himself falling , the
natural Impulse Is to stretch out the arms
and legs In the direction ot the fall , but It
Is one of the peculiarities of this mode ot
navigation that the movement must bo In
tbo contrary direction , or toward the upper
.side. The center of gravity Is shitted to
the one sldo or Jlic other ; forward or backward
'
ward , and the pressure of'the air , acting
"
with greater force on the "lighter and
broader surface , soon restores' the equilib
rium. It Is not easy .to realize In practice
at flrst , but after a 'short ' oxperlenca the
movement becomes almost Involuntary. " It
Is exactly like "trimming" a boat ; the
weight must bo thrown on , th"o sldo which
is uppermost.
"But Is there not "greatdanger ? " I asked ,
"of a serious fall-In such cns'esT *
"No , " replied Hcrr'Lllientnal. . "When
there Is no wind , thp 'apparatus ' acts simply
as a parachute. The pressure of the air
Is directly from beneath , and Is equal on
all parts of the under surface. I have more
than onco- found myself 'in. this position
when I bavo utilized , tho" speed attained
In a gradual descent. In rising t { > a greater
height , . In order.to soar .over some obstacle
Ilko a treeor'a ' croiyd'-pr .p 6ple. Under
favorable circumstances , ( t is , easy to mount
to a height even greater -.than that of the
starting point , buttlid fpnVard motion Is
thereby partially or wholly neutralized , and
It may happe'n that ono comes to a complete , -
ploto standstill In.-mkl-air. In such coses
'IS Is only necessary to throw the center of
gravity so far back that the air shall act
moro powerful on the forward surface , and
the gradual gilding descent Is resumed. So
In landing , I bend backward exactly as a
crow docs when alighting In a field , and
reach the ground without the slightest
shock. ' Thb'-'wbrst-'lliat 'is1 likely- to".h'a'p'pan ,
-in - caso.lsMhe/brcakingi of'jtho.j < jPPai- ;
tlo danger , tf > .llie pr limb. ;
FLYINQ.
mews or gulls , which Ilorr Llllcnthal regards
as the "mopt instructlvo exemplars of the art
of flight.-
There are other analogies between the wing
and the par.
par.SOME
SOME EXPERIMENTS.
" * "
, *
To" the conviction tftat concave or vaulted
wings were essential to success , Hcrr Llllen-
thal was led not only by the examination of
a great variety of natural wings and by
theoretical deductions , but by actual oxperl-
mentf.Tho means adopted for this purpose
were Ingenious and simple. He fitted up an
apparatus , the fprm of the "fly-fans" found
in the dining tables 'of clubs 'and restaurants ,
with two Ions arms revolving horizontally ,
to the ends of which surfaces of different ,
kinds and degrees of curvatures could be
affixed In , ai > y required position. The mo
tive power was furnished by a weight , and
could bo exactly measured. There was also
an adjustment which enabled the obser.ver
to measure the lifting force of various sur
faces , moving at different angles of inclina
tion through still air. By this means Herr
Llllontlial was. . enabled' to reach conclusions
which were of great value to him In the con
struction of his flying-machine : and the most
important of them was that the most effect
ive foriii of wing was that whoso convexity ,
as measured by the versed line of the arc ,
should be'one-twelfth of the breadth of the
wing , orVof the' Jength of the chord connect
ing tUo i opposite'edges *
The flying 'machine devised and now used
by Herr UHonthal U designed rather for
salllng-.th n Hying , In the proper sense of
the term ? or , as he says , "for being carried
steadily. ' and without 'danger ' , under the
least possible anfilo of descent , against a _
moderata wind , from on olavated point to
the plain below. " It Is made entirely of
closely woven muslin , washed with collodln
to rentier-Iti-Impervious to air , and stretched
upon a ribbed frame of split willow , which
has been ' found to. be the lightest and
strongest material fqr this purpose. Its
main elements are the arched wings , a vertical
tical rudder shaped like a conventional palm
leaf , which , acts like n vane In keeping the
head alWayS toward the wind , and a Hut
horizontal rudder to prevent sudden changed *
In the equilibrium- The operator no ad
justs the apparatus torlila parson that when
In the ajr-Jie-wlll bo seated upon a narrow
supo'rt .near- the front , and , with the wings
folded behind him , makes , a short run from
some elevated point , , always against the
wind , and , when bo has attained sufficient
velocity , launches himself Into the air by a
spring or Jump , at the same tlmo spreading
the wing * , , which are ut onpe pxtended to
their full -breadth by atmospheric action ,
whereuponho ; sails' majestically along like
a gigantic' sea gull. In tilts' way Herr
Llllcnthal has accomplished flights of nearly
300 yards from the starling point. The
same method Is practiced by the storks and
the larger "birds of prey , when they take
flight from the ground.
HOW 8WJ3TANTIAU THE AIR 131
"No one , ' ' said Herr Llllenthal to mo.
"can realize bow substantial the air U until
ho feels Its supporting power beneath him.
It Inspires confidence at onco. If the wings
wore flat the speed might bo greater , but
tlio sustaining power would bo reduced and
the descent would therefore be moro rapid.
With arched wings It Is possible to sal )
against u modorau breeze At an" angle of
not more than six degrees U ? the hori
zontal. "
The prlnclpU | s recognised. In th ? urn-
"I am far from supposing that my wings ,
although they afford the means of sailing
" ' and oven of soaring In the air , ' possess all
the delicate and subtle qualities necessary
i to the perfection of the art of flight. Dut
I my researches show that It is- well . .worth
while to prosecute the Invstlgatlons further ,
and In the end , perhaps , to realize the beau-
Ideal of all modes of motioii , "and to turn
It to practical account. '
> "To this end arched or vaulted wings are
the first essential. They nQt-orily develop
the greatest sustaining power , but , when
properly constructed , they rather Increase
than retard the velocity . .ofmotion. . An
other requisite Is a moderate wind. Its
lifting power so modifies the conditions of
atmospheric resistance that the , bird resem
bles a kite , which hot only needs no string ,
but which can move freely even against the
wind. "
SAME WAY WITH KITES.
The analogies and Illustrations furnished
by the different forms of kite arq worth a
moment's notice. The best kite Is that
which preserves as nearlyas. possible the
bird form and presents the largest "concave
surface to the breeze. The common hexag
onal klto , with Its stiff cross pieces tied to
gether ut the center. Is the worst of all forms
because Its surface IB thus kept nearly flat.
A great Improvement "upon this Is the
"bow kite , " with a seml-clroular > top and a
tapering point. If constructed with its ,
bonus beneath the' pkln Instead' above It ,
as all creatures should bo- except sluggish
chelonlans and molusks | , 'like1 turtles and
clams , It will bo found to assume , uiidcr
the pressure of the wind , "very , nearly 'the
parabolic form of a bird's wing , and Instead
of tugging at the string at an angle of forl/-
urn"I degrees to the horizon it win'rise much
higher and sail at a m.ucb closer angle to the' '
wind. It Is to this arching or vaulting of
the sustaining surfaces that the Chinese and
Japanese kites ewe their remarkable ascon-
slvo power. The moro nearly a kite approaches
preaches to the form of a flying bird the bet
tor will bo the result. Ilorr Llllenthal , constructed - -
structed one of an Ingenious combination of
atlft willow rods with strong muslin , -which
floated almost horlzqntally directly overhead ,
and by shortening the forward stay while
It was In this position he actua.lly cceoded
In making It fly against tlio wlid | so rapidly
that he was unable to keep up with It and
was obliged to let go the -string. yvftcr
proceeding tor some sixty yards ono of 'the
trailing strings became entangled In tne
ohrubbery , and the equilibrium being thus
disturbed , the klto fell to the ground. Rut
the Incident furnished a striking Illustration
of the correctness of Ilorr Lljlenthul's do-
ductlons. . ;
It Is an error to suppose that the flight of
birds Is rendered materially easier by their
corporeal structure. It has been Imagined
that their hollow bones and quills , tilled
with warm air , diminish their specific grav
ity , but they bear a quite Inconsiderable
proportion to the general mass. Their fea
tures give them the appenrancs of 'greater
size , and therefore of lighter weight , but
when denuded of these a pound of bird looks
no larger than a pound of beef.
Observations within the dally roach of
every one prove that the wind exercises a
strong upward pressure upon all concave
KurfVices. Take the fanvlllar example of
linen hung upon a line to dry ; a fresh
breeze will keep It during moet of the time
In n position considerably ubore tbo hori
zontal , which preacnts BO familiar a phe
nomenon lift to need no description. Under
the pressure 6T tlio air tlio fabric naturally
assumed a farm conc&vo beneath and convex
above , and Molhon raised by the wind to
an anglo cnnajtferably above the horizontal
plane. c , | in
NOY ! MOTIVK I'OWER.
Having dfinlnnstratcd the practicability of
sailing and ? R6arlng , Hcrr Llllcntlial has
sought , In hlpi-rccent experiments , to rctph
a practical 8jnlutloii of the problems of actual
flight. The , ( lrflt .difficulty to bo overcome
was the dlsqpv ry of a suitable motor , with
out which all efforts to fly would be hope
less. If we ftitJinnto , the ordinary weight ol
the flying apparatus , wo Imvo a total burden
of at least 3Jjp.pound's to bo raised and sup
ported simply by aerial resistance. It Is
calculated that to ovprcomo the attraction of
gravity In sucli ? L cas6 requires n force of at
least ono and-1 one-quarter horse power ,
which no man is able to resist for more than
a very short time , as , for example , In run
ning up nn easy flight of stairs. This Is the
conclusive argument against "air veloci
pedes" and all contrlvaticoa to enable man
to sustain himself In the air by his own ox-
ertlona.
Auxiliary power Is Indispensable. With
such an apparatus ns Herr Llllonthal's
steam engines and electric motors are not
readily available , but he conceived the In
genious Men of employing , as a motive force ,
the vapor of liquid carbonic acid , which ,
under ordinary atmospheric pressure , bolls
at a temperature for below that at which
mercury freezes. Four years ago It was amore
moro 'chemical curiosity ; now It has become' '
an article of commerce , and Is furnished In
strong wrought Iron flasks or tubes en
closed In a Jacket of the same metal to
guard against explosions , at the very moder
ate prlco of about 8 cents a pound. The casket
Is much more costly than the Jewel ; the
flasks arc worth a dozen times as much as
their contents. The engine devised by Herr
Llllontlml required no flrc , nor boiler , nor
steam-chest ; only a diminutive cylinder with
the requisite valve arrangements , which maybe
bo readily worked by hand , and a small res
ervoir of the liquid acid lying close beside
It. The ono first constructed was of two-
horse pow.cr , with a receiver to. .contain
enough , carbonic , ncld to last for two- hours ,
and was attached to the front of the flying
apparatus. The whole contrivance , with the
necessary machinery to Impart motion to.
the wings , added less than tw'onty-ftvo
pounds to the Weight , and this 'will probably
be reduced In future by1 1110" use of some'
alloy of aluminum , ' Instead of Iron , In the
manufacture of the heavier portions. The
wings were also fitted with rotary pinions ,
constructed on the' principles already fully
Indicated In this article , and capable of
automatic action under the pressure of the
air. The first 'experiments with 'this appara
tus were .rather too successful , at least In
demonstrating the power of the engine. Un
fortunately the Inventor had underestimated
the energy of'his motor , which acted with
such tinoxpected 'vigor that the wlnss were
broken and modification thus shown to
bo necessary will require some tlmo for
tholr completion. It is only , by a series of
trials that the proper 'relations between the
various parts of the machine can bo deter
mined : 'Hcrr Ltllenthal confidently expects ,
however , eventually to solve the problem In
this way.
Herr Llllentliarsioxperiments-have shown
It to bo practicable" for man to sail or soar
Inthe air.His future researches may-
prove that ltMs- > possible even to fly for a
' favorable cir
llmlte'd distance andunderfavorable
cumstances. ) in-i VERNON.
'UNTROD BY'HUMANTOOT. .
3o i
The EvcrRlmf& of Florida , Which Kxtcnrt
Nlnotrly | i , llundrcd Mile * .
The southern.xtrcmiy ! of the peninsula
of Florida Is qnS | hu'gd marsh known' ' as the
Everglades. sHyS , liei PJUsburg . Dispatch ,
' ' - or' rather ,
This' ImpenetfaUlo 'wilderness ,
Jungle , Is made' 'up Of about all of the , largo
'county of DattK' alrnost all of Monroe , the
greater part of Dee , much of Do , Soto nd
most-of Ureva'rd. A't' the north end of this
singular formation Id Lake Okeech'obeo , Into
which 'tho KlSsirtmeb1 and other , rivers .dlsf .
' thdrgo' their 'watsrs and iwhlc'K aro' largely
responsible forj'tlib ' Vasfswamp < 'Thlsigreat
stretch "of taiifele growth is In some' places
rilnetyrimlles 'wide , extending < from'4howAtj
lantlc across to the gulf , and.Jrom Its'south ' ;
"orn xlVMnlty ! northward Is considerably-
100' thUesi I < r/TBeTo > .are Krcairstretcjjasriol
, cypresslawampa , wiliernessosfjof vines , lalte
- . lota 'of-fiWaton , ilmnlsnxe regions. ; ot morass
- . wltlCcomparatlVelyrdryjapata. In' this deser
. .of'TintTaTCTsablo bewildering'lntermlngj '
'ling of a soml-troplcal' ' flora-wlth a fauna , of
alligators , snakes , bears , wildcats and : other
carnlvora , while geese , ducks , " sea : blrds and
"other-aquatic foyl dot" the. water and myriads
of the. other 'feathered tribes make the som
ber-gyprEss forests Vocal. Th'o" . ontlrejBtate
'of Florida , Is , not mii'ch above the leyel of
the sea. and ttjls dismal waste fa scar'r.cl
.more than , a ew.dozeri feet'higher than tide
water. x/ < .t < .
"
Throughout . this , everglade region "no
human'being , has. ever fully "penetrated , 'and
there , are lagoons that no human eye has
ever'seen that , ore much tho-saniS' qs'thosa
of pijeglaclal time. While thfre are large
stretchy 'on wjilch .sail or rflivboats might
bo operated , ther ? are hundreds of Interven-
Ing'mlry bogs ; of pozd'and ' sllmev'of unknown
'dep'ttj'-'that bar'th'o fray. Thcro Is no frbst
season hero -no"season when'a'frozen sur
face' may1 be trJ'yerstd and-so' ' this dismal
area for ; thousands of. years has'been given
over to'such a production as was ( n keep
ing 'with such an environment. Dut it is
'
novf contemplated to pen'otr'dte' this great
marsh' ' with canal-Ilka ditches , "with a view
of so lowering tlio general water line so as
to- bring this swampy mass Into' cultivation
for the products peculiar to this zone , and
for''whlch the decaying vegetable matter of
the ages Is supposed to'bo admirably fitted.
Llttle-or nothing'Is ' known of tbo geological
substructure of this peninsular termination ,
but that an Immense coral formation Is Its
ItIs safe to
base- altogether probableIt - -
predict , that excavations through this ma
terial will reveal many skeletons of crea
tures that found death In the treacherously
yieldingsurface. . In a dry time this com
post bears up- fairly well , but when con
tinued > ralii8'ara precipitatedon. It. tlio entire
area Is Inundated , when tlio. softened ma
terial Is Incapable of sustaining any of the
larger quadrupeds. ,
These everglades are Interesting. In this
that they typify In a manner tlio early
paleozoic conditions , whui about , all the earth
was water and .inarali. Of .course 'there
are no such creatures now dV'wallowcd In
the lagoons and crunched the roots of the
aquatic vegetation In the earth's earlor tlm > ,
and yet In a small way the present fauna
of tlio great Flprlda swamp Is typical of
their long ago ancestors. While the alliga
tor Is nearly extinct In the ret'l.bns of"easy -
access , the saiirlans of ( lie , everglades have
never boon molested and have there attained
a size and fierceness unknown to other parts
of the state , Strun o. cries-are "sometltnog
heard coming from , within the borders of this
Inaccessible domajn. a churning of the water
attests encounters between largo and savag )
contestants , wMI-J.io ! flight and terrified
screaming of bfrtlx/glvei ovldenca that'the
Instincts of the' everglade brute are still
as sanguinary as they were before man had
so evolved as tgyjamlnatQ over- them and ex
terminate thom from the earth.
DeWitt's Wl'icl'taiater SalyQ cures piles.
noy Solow , an African student at Williams
college , return homo after graduating to
become king of Uemlop. ,
I
1MB REGENERATOR
la a Iwaullful oMillna" In BCVOM * Iiadi < . The
IlKonNKItATOn restores urny hair'to lliu.orle-
Inol , unil Klvrs eolefifn.1 lost vitality to bleach-
t-d. dyed nnil * tx > ilM' Imlr , The' bonrJ can bo
colorrtl nuccriufuUy on account ot Its unique
quulltlM of CI.lJAN'fllKIIHS , UUltAIlll.lTV mill
NATHIIALNKSH. CoLoilM ;
1. III.AI.'K 6 L.IQIIT CirBSTNUT.
i. DAIIK nnowN. _ , , . aoi.u IH.ONU.
J. ML-U1IJM IlllpVVJf7. : . ASH I1L.OND. ' '
4. CHESTNUT. ' . PIUCH , 11.60.
Wo niak * uppllcnllonn , Q npeclalty , anil Imve
tha fluent private roomt-Mn tha city ,
292 6th AVE. , N. Y.
, Bold by .UruKKliU . " ' "I hair ilrcnacr * . W have
'no branch ofdccn in N < > w york.
llrflold's Dronio-iieieig.
THE ARNOLD CHEMICAL CO.
101 8. Western 4 nu . CIIICAQB'
tor sale by all
fliUfci IHHB D flH fl fe
KlUAUt
THE GETTY
© 'TOOK OF
ELEGANT MILLINERY
. ' " . Must be sold at once regardless of value.
Thisvstock consists of the finest line of millinery ever brought to this
city.
> NO OLD GOODS
EXVELRY ARTIGLEL NRW AND STYLISH.
THINK OF IT
A Handsome TFimmed Bonnet for $1.00
' -First come first _ served don't wait until the choicest .goods are
sold. No matter ; whether you need a hat or not ! You cannotaffbrd to 1
miss this sale ; '
'FRANK MITCHELL , Mortgagee ,
1517 Douglas Street
ordinary Re- Constipation ,
Jnvenator 4s nizzfnefB ,
Foiling Sen-
the most -
wonderful sfttlonn.Ncry
' oua twitching
discovery' of
-tho pge. It of the cyrn
. . .has been endorsed - and otbor
, dorsod by the
IcJidlngscicn- Strengthens ,
MOo .men of I n v 1 g oratts
1 Europe and and tones tbo
'America. enliroi-ytteni ;
Hudyan is Hudyan cures
purely vcgo- Mobility ,
ftorvousncss ,
, Hudyanstops. Kmlislonc ,
. Prematureness and develops
. . . nun restores
.ofthoVd.ls-i.
" 'Chat-go'in ' 20 weak-oTgan8.
days. Curca Fains in tbo
back , losses
. LOST. . by day or .
MANHOOD nlghtstoppcd
quickly. Over ' 2,000 private endorsements.
Frematureness means Impotency in the
flratutuge. . 'It Is a symptom of. seminal
weakness and barrenness. It can be
stopped In. 20 days by the use of Hudyan.
Tne new discovery , waa made by the spec
ialists'of the old famous Hudson Medlcnl
Institute. It Is the strongest vitallzer
made.It - fa vfiry powerful , but harmless.
Bold-for : { 1.00 a package or six packages
for , 45.00 ( plain sealed boxes ) . . Written
guarantee given for a cure. If you buy
six boxes 'and ore not entirely cured , six
more v.'lll be sent to'you free of all clinrscs.
Send-for circulars and testimonials. Address
HUDSON MEDICAL INSTITUTE
1O32 Market St. San f ranoiifoo On. )
DOCT
% SEARLES
&SEARLES
SPECIALISTS
Chronic ,
WE Nervous ,
Private
ANO
CURE Special
Diseases.
*
TREATMENT BY MAIL CONSOLATION FHEt
Wo euro Catarrh. All Dlsoas93 of
iho Nose , Throat , Ghost. Stomach ,
Llvor , Blood , Skin and Kl-'noy Ols-
eases , Fomolo Weaknesses , Lost
NJnnhood AND ALL PRIVATE DI3-
E\SESOF ( MEN ,
REMOVED TO
, 1410 FABNAM STREET.
Call nn or Address ,
1410 FA UNA.VST
Dr. SeWos. & Searles
. . , OMAHA , NKII.
( Jewel Process , No. 885. )
8/lVE
lly Uiiylne your Steve nml Iloff lirorator Hill
week.Vni Rolntf to bullit. nml wlillubullit *
IIIK in n H' movu ( nil oCuur liix-scuil morn.
i'or HID ecmiltik1vnuk wn oflur to cash
"IniyerH iho fullowlnir discounts from our
well liiiown low prices ;
On Uelrlcenitur * anil UuiollneStnvat
1O prrcent
On Cook Kiovc mid fluiiK * * - 10 percent
oln'i at eorrrNpoiidlnsly low
lirlct'b.Vu liaiu not vpauo lo umimcrnlo.
John Hussie ,
2407 Cuming St.
Ajrent for Jcwol Gasoline Stoves tind
Siberia ( ( ofrigoratora.
"Footprints
3s.
s.
s.I I <
Will live forever. It emblazons in inerasable characters upon
the Scroll of Fame the names and achievements of the men who
not only-fought the American Civil War , but wrote its history
Generals of the North , Generals of the South. - They have
left their "footprints on the sands of tinie. "
"Lives of great mind all remind ua , '
We oan make our lives subllmo ;
And , departing , leave behind us
Footprints on the sands of tlmo. "
Our ambition .to be great may some day be tested. Let
us profit from 'the experiences of the truly great that we may
be better able to. achieve fame. We need the Century Wai-
Book. ,
On page li ol thU paper will bolound a Win- Bonk Coupon , 4 of these
coupons of dilTorcnt dates will , vvbon accompanied with ton cents , cntltlo
the holder to Part No. 1 of this book. Tlio whole work will bo como
nloto In about 20 parts , bound In heavy paper ojvors ; n now part will ba
"
issued cuoh week , uiid coupons will bo printed dally until the BurJus U
complete. Any 4 of thrjso. coupons , with 10 cents , entitle * you to any Uiuo
or number of this'.book' . , ' . .
FOR CITY READERS Bring1 oaupans , together with 10 cents , to
thp olllco of Thp Omaha Boo , whore you can obtain 0110 part. OthbriT part *
will follow weekly.
FOR OUT-OFrTOWN READERS-Mill ( to Wat- Book ; D urt-
inont , Omaha Boo , coupon ! ) and 10 uuiiU In coin. Be partluiiliu1 ti ( I ) wtiilu
the number of the part doalrod ; (2) ( ) your name and full addfCsH' , ( S ) In-
closu tlio necessary coupons and 10 cjntj. Tlio part you rutiuojt will bj
Bent , post-paid , to. your udJross
14L
AUK TIIK BUST. Wo
have the best line of
WHEELS In the -Htate.
I'KICKS THE LOWEST.
HAYDEN BROS.
FOR SALE A couiiilutu Imlf'tono anil
zlno otolilnir plant In flrnt-
' f ltlHK Hft\tH \ * . Tlio nunu will bo sold frir unu-
mlf tha eni' . for cinli. I'or full im.
ildrs < CIIIOACO NKWBl'AI'CIt O.N1ON Ud
South Jefferson Hu , Clilcujo , IIL
J3ioyolG
XHcyolG
Greasolenel
_ Jforjbjcyclc chaingj ;
"
PRICE 25 CENTS ,
The only lubricant that lubricates 2JXO
tnllcs of noiseless chain. Qr'cnsol'Ine will
make the chain run perfectly , .MothlnfT
met on the road will faze It. The tuba la
cleanly and convenient for the pock it.
A. H. PERRIG.O CO , , „
1212 DmigliiH St. . State Agcnta.
Wo make a vpcvlalty of
I'.NKUMATIC BUUflKH. Tires , and parts
nlwuys kept In atock. Write for our cUm *
pleto cutulocue of aur.Jrlcs.
1212 DOUULAB BT. , M1LUUIU .