THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUNDAY , DESCRIBE LI 21. 1893-SIXTEEX PAGES. 18
ARCHITECTURE OF NORWAY
Eescript'on of Some Primitive Farm Houses
and Churches in the Central Portion.
PINE THE UNIVERSAL BUILDING MATERIAL
Homier * ' llonir * nml Templet ol
tTorihlp that Havn ( liillmlcil the Tn-
inoui Oak of ICnclnncI 1'lclur-
oxpio SurmuuuliiRi.
l lS3buMffnr I ,
Dca 7. tConeapontloncoof THE
J3CE.J - Sonm ot the nrohitcctur.il features of
ftorvrav are exceedinglyUiititictlvq and curl-
pus , when It Is remembered that , contrasted
tvltti the ace of clvillzitlon In southern
JSuroiu , lliu Xoiao arc comparatively MOW
Comers In this Arctic lanJ. Thcro are what
Jnlght bo termed thrco zones ot buildings
pnd cdidcci , each glvine nn almost uni
versally different example ot structural
fitylo and material. In the remote and deso
late north nil anciontstructures aroot stone
In southern Norway oak and beech have
Jxscn utilized In the central districts everything -
thing has been , and Is still , built of plno.
If one has grown to ocllovo that oak repro-
Cents nil that Is onaurlng and almost ever-
InstltiR amontr , the nobler woods serviceable
to man , his Ideas must bo modillcd when ho
lias como to know the ancient plno built
Structures of central Norway One gores
llh adn.lratton and wonder when the
etronR , perfect bonms In the old Sir Walter
Halclgh house at Youghal , hnland , In the
nncicnt houses of the gentry In other
Jortloni of that country , and In almost
bwcd admiration upon the oaken stalls ,
ecreens and timbers of HnglisU cathedrals ,
nnd particularly tlioso In the very ancient
parish churches llko tlioao of Stoke I'ogcs ,
whore Gray wrote his "Elogy"of Grasmoro ,
and ot Crossthwaito nt Keswlck. These
have stood staunch nnd true for
two , three , four and perhaps flvo
hundred years. It is no uncommon
thing In Norway to lind cagla-nest farm
buildings , city warehouses , bonders' or largo
farmers'storehouses , as well as homes and
curious old pier-houses beside the fiords ,
built wholly of pine , still well pieserved ,
\rhlch are quite as old , whllo the strange ,
little old churches of central Norway , also
entirely constructed of pine , possess a sur
prising number of their original timbers
placed ttnero they stand today long before
the venerable Minster of York or the mel
lowed cathedral of Salisbury assumed aui-
thing llko their present forms.
Slitecntli Century I'nrin Home.
In visiting an "eagle-nest" farm above the
clouds beside the gloomy Nacre fiord 1 no
ticed that ttio oldest portinn of the farmer's
homo a long , rambling structure which
cccmcd to have had built upon it n new an
' nex for each generation or century was by
far the stoutest , sturdiest and best. I ques
tioned the farmer as to its ago. The family
legendary memories and finally the family
records agreed that It must have been built
omotlmo in the sixteenth century , or per
haps 350 jcars ago. In the Thelomarkon
district are many quaint old wooden mills
which I found to bo from 150 to 250 years old.
In a bonder's home I visited in tlio Trondhjcm
country the low , wide living room , around
which had been nddcd other hugcr modern
apartments and two-story high halls , was
over 400 j ears old and as perfect from decay
In any of Its timbers as the day It was built ,
nnd when among the saoters of Romsdal and
Gudbr.ansdal heights I even found saetcr
huts , the habitation ? of the saoter girls ,
who tend the mountain herds in summer ,
which had been built from 150 to 250 i ears
ao.
ao.I soon began to notice that if the oldest
portion of nil those structures was not the
best it was still , conslderinc its age , incom
parably the best preserved , and another
curious fact , that such portion was invari
ably of different construction , became ap
parent. The pine timbers in these structural
portions of greatest antiquity were invaria
bly placed on end , in the formation of walls ,
nnd no\cr laid tocctbcr hoiizontally This
ancient method of building , I finally learned ,
Is what the Norsa call "iclsvark , " that 1s ,
raised work , or "stood-up work , " and in this
peculiar method of building lies the secret
of the astounding antiquity of the famous
wooden diuretics of Norway Every portion
tion Is constructed from Norwegian pine , so
enduring bejond any historically luicmn
oak that it has withstood the furies of Nor
wegian storms , the rigors of almost Arctic
winters , nnd again the searching heat of
almost tropical summers , through periods
ranging from 500 to 800 jears.
Or Stippnmil Oriental Origin.
The appearance of both these curious old
churches and the older class of mills and
storehouses would indicate almost au
Oriental origin. I have been repeatedly
Impressed with the quite startling simi
larity. Coming suddenly over some lonely
mountain path upon a cultivated valley ,
where , as In the Thelumarken nnd Hnrdan-
gor districts , little innovation has found its
way , the various groups of farm houses
and outbuildings , dark nnd weather
boitcn , or here and there newly
stnluod with a kind of red tar much used
upon buildings in Norway , have strongly
suggested Oiiuntal afilnitlos In color and
architectural stylo. The most prominent
object in all thcso huddled structuics Is
nlwajs the f.aim "storhaus. " which rises
story above story , each upper story pro
jecting beyond the ono bcuo.ath it , Ilka n
huge pagoda turned bottomsldo upward and
stood upon its roof. Continuous hanging
balconies often extend entirely around each
story. Curious outside stairs ascend to
each. The quaintest of carving of demons'
heads and serpents often ornament every
available portion of outer space , and fan
tastic carved wooden horns project from
the corners of the cnvcs , or seem ready to
blare from the peaks of the roof. In out-of-
Iho-way plnccs water mills of equally
curious and almost barbaric design will bo
found These structures arc all very
ancient , but the flattened arches of the
Moors , the peculiar natural and reversed
forms of the Chinese pagoda , and that pro
fusion of grotesque can Ings characteristic.
In wood and stone. In all the most ancient
linmlctsof the Mediterranean countries , ro-
appenr in this stern northern land with sur
prising frequency and certainty of recog-
nltion. -
The nnricnt nnd tiny pine churches of
Norway are regarded by travelers as among
the most interesting curiosities of the coun
try. Ttio best examples j-.ro those of Dor-
guiul In Laordnl , the Hittcrdal church , that
of Lorn near Andvord , Urmus bcsldo tno
Lvst-.T fiord , nnd tlmt of Eldsborg in the
Thelemarkcti district. AU thcso churches
aio called In Norway "stavokirkor" or
stavo-churches , because all were originally
constructed the "relsvark"
by or perpendic
ular method of Joining tno hoxvn olno timbers
In their walls. Tlio same treatment ex
tended to iiorchos and to all portions of tlio
lupcratructmus. The "statokiruer" ol
Dorgund , Hittcrdal , ixim nnd Urmcsaro the
moro noted. All are still used aa houses ol
worship , save the Horgund church , which is
now a national curiosity , protected from
desecration nnd decay by the Antiquarian
loclcty of Christiana.
Tluy ami rrlinltUx Vhuroliei.
Of these "utavekirkcr , " the Oorgund
church Is the tiniest , most primitive ant
ancient ; the Hittcrdal church the most
unique and symmetric , if not Indeed beau
tlful ; and the church of Uruu-s most Inter-
eating from Its proximity to prehistoric sur
roundlngs Horgund , in the heart of a deep
valley set roundabout with snow-cappo.
mountains , suggests a toy church dropped
there In tlio vagrant play of some Infant
god of Norse mythology. It has almost the
true pagoda form ; diminishing , squareauc
steep-slanted roofs , rising abo\o each other
the third extremely protruding and promt
nont. This U In turn surmounted by a dfs
tinct structure with & disproportionate
larpo roof , from which rlacs a central plu
naclo , very llko the minaret of a uiosquo
tno peaked cables of the highest two none :
belnx provided with most distinctly orlcnta
outward curving , horn-shaped oruamenU
tlous. lt entire outward appearance h
barbaric nnd grotesque , nnl but for Its
quaint half Gothic , half Norman porches ,
strikingly llko the sunny south porches of
the very ancient parish churches of Unglond ,
would Miggcst that its dark Interior was
fitting housing only for some gigantic lire-
belching Hindoo cod. Itt inner dimensions
are ridlculousl ) small The nnvo Is but
twenty-three feet long , nnd about twenty
wldo ; the chancel Is only sixteen foot long
and cloven in width , but is ono mass of
carvlnjts strange old crosses , horrible
delineations of the passions , grotesque
dragon bond * , nnd loathsome Intertwined
serpents , Interspersed with Hnnic Inscrip
tions , as though In the stem olden days
none might near the sacred presence with
out visible tokens of these earthly powers
which delight In conjuring an over present
hell.
hell.Tho Hlttordal church Is more sjmmetrlc
than that of Horgund Its dimensions are
somewhat greater , and Its six steep shlnsrled
roofsnrocariledtunfargrcatorhcight. Thrco
Citrlous towers rise nt equal gradient The
lowest nboxo the npo nnd the second above
the chancel are circular lu form , have cone-
shaped peaks like neatly thatched English
liajstacks , nnd the third , nbovo where the
n.i\o Is separated from the chancel by the
dlmlnutivo transept , Is sharply peaked from
above n square tower. The thieo towers
sustain huge carved wooden crosses An in
teresting peculiarity of its intciior Is that
the central towur Is supported by wooden
columns of tremendous height , each ono of
which Is n single tree of Norway pine ,
stripped of its bark , and whoso dimensions
h o never been equalled in any trees since
found in Norwegian forests Among ether
curiosities of the Hlttcrdnl church is a chair
of remarkable solidity , standing bcsldo the
altar Its carvings nro amazing In their
character nnd profusion , nnd It Is pretty
well settled by nntlquaiinns that It was
made In the year IHX ) , This loaves It among
the oldest , if not the oldest , of wooden chairs
In existence. Two facts should bo kept In
mind regarding these antlcnt "stave-
kirkcr , " which co-talnly ndd greatly to their
antique interest. No other material but
plno has been used In their construction or
restorations , and every ono was originally
built after the true church form Er.ch ono
possosics n nave , a chancel nnd side aisles ,
usually transepts giving the outlines of the
cross , and fioy all stand east and west with
the altar nnd apse at the head or cast end of
the cross.
An Ancient Norse Temple of Worship.
On the cast bank of the Lystor liord , op
posite Sol vern , Is parched the lonely hamlet
of Urnus. Rut n tiny patch of tillable land
surrounds it , nnd then come the mountains
winch pierce the clouds nbovo Jutting out
into the gloomy fiord is a little cono-liko
promontory Upon the peak of tills stands
the lonely "stavckirku of Unites Antiquar
ians tell us that hero once stood a temple to
Tlior. Scattered all about are huge mounds ,
called "Krempchoutro , " whcro mighty Vik
ings and prehistoric heroes Ho burled. Ono
fuels at weird old Urnrcs as though ho has
como to the very inner temple of Norse an
tiquity and mythology The church itself
intensifies this wclrdlj fascinating feeling.
To my mind its lonely situation nnd sombra
Interior plquo the fancy to a moro intense
nnd searching grasp upon the mighty past of
Norsclund than any other spot or scene in
Norway. The plno beams of the interior are
tremendous in size nnd black with ago. The
carvings are oven moro fanciful and gro
tesque than at Borgund or Hittcrdal. Be
hind the altar nic rude pictures of the
twelve apostles , 400 years old. No ono
knows how old is that most curious cande
labrum ever seen , to bo found hero , a rudely
wrought titty iron ship ; the chalice is 350
years old ; beside the altar nang the priests ,
vestments dated Itbl , but all these things
are comparatively modern embellishments.
A curiosity of earlier date is a huge beam
across the chancel to which aroyot attached
some rotting pullGjs. This was the nncicnt
"gabo stok , " or pillory , from which In those
dear old times many long to have returned
naughty children and offending parents were
strung up in sight of the congregation which
had gathered for consolation , forgiveness
and prayer.
Titles to Lands and Estatci.
Wliilo the entire agricultural population of
Norway may bo regarded as of the peasant
class , by far the larger proportion of these
are what arc known as benders or udalmen.
These own absolutely their lands free from
all rents , tithes or conditions of tenure. The
original titles to many of thcso landed pos
sessions are so ancient that they are writ
ten in an extinct language. Inheritance of
land and personal property lias lately been
made equal among sons and daughters. If
uoporty is alienated from its original pos-
cssors through mortgage or sale the next of
< in has the right of redemption at any time
\ithln thrco vcaison payment of forcclosuro
or purchase price , with actual cost of such
mprovements as have been mado. All lands
ussim ; out of the hands of original family
ownership do not again become udal lands
until they have been in possession of a new
iroprioter tor a period of twenty years , and
.ho subdivision of thcso old Norwegian es
tates is largely prevented by ono heir pur
chasing the inherited rights of the others ,
when their purchase of reclaimed lauds and
emigration do the rest.
The almost universal spectacle Is there
fore presented In Norway of a land of farm
steads , old as the forests about them , hous
ing a folk rooted with the affections , the
legends , the customs and tlio noble Inde
pendence of centuries of growth to the soil
beneath them with a strength of love which
amounts to their grandest passion 1'hcro
is no other country in Europe and American
love of land , of a lauded borne-spot with the
sacrcdncss of generations of toil and ] o > nnd
sorrow consecrating Its every atom of earth ,
has not jet grown bnyond the thrifty , shift
ing sentiment of speculation where such
conditions universally exist ; and but in ono ,
where , in a tiny corner , the saino class of
stern , sturdy , liberty-loving , and almost
land-worshiping yeotncn can be found
That ono is England. The llttlo corner is
the shire of Cumberland , over against the
roaring Solway tides nnd the rampant Irish
sea. 'J hero , too. the folk are free of the
lord's taxes , tithes and terrors. "States
men" tlioi mo called , because lords of their
own tiny estates. "Statesmen" In grand
old Cumberland and udalmen in glorious Nor
way are llko as brothers may bo in these
virtues of steadfastness , loyalty , Integrity
nnd simple goodness which areas ovcrlast-
Ing sinews to the grandest attributes of
man.
A tinmletof Houses ,
Like the Cumberland "statesmcns" stone-
built homes , which seem to have added a
new clump of rock and wall for cnch genera
tion or century , the Norwegian bonder's
gaard or farm house is an odd jumble of
stiucturcs , like a tiny huddled hamlet in
itself.Vhethcrinono continuous series of
attached structures , or composing many separate -
arato buildings , they always seem to hnvo
been gradually brought together with a view
to forming nn irregular sort of court , pro
tected from the toirlblo winterstorms First
there Is the farm house itsulf. If the oldest
still the widest , largest and roost commodi
ous of all , w itli Its invariable quaint , carved
porch , its huge chimneys , and Its roof of bl ? ,
scnlo-llko shlnclc-s , or still of turf In which
thcro are often seen growing vagrant moun
tain flowers Then thcro are tno bake
house , also used on account of the heat
which ran be secured and for its privacy , for
the family bath house , the dairy , always an
important structure and n veritable feast , in
butter , cheese and milk , for city eyes , and
most Important of nil , the "storhaus. " The
latter U not only literally n house for stores
and supplies of food , such as suirnr , salt ,
candles , Hour , dried and pickled fish , bacon ,
pork and dried meal hanging from dark
beams In startllnir variety and profusion , but
it Is the granary ns well , aud ncro are found
in huge bins heaps of the rj e , barley and
oats the quickening nun of these northern
latitudes matures In such generous measure
and line hard grain.
Besides these there are long , low sheds ; a
hugo building similar to an American or
Knellsh barn , in which every spear of
precious hay. tender birch , twigs , and great
quantities ot reindeer moss are treasured
against the long winter's needs for the
herds : and often three or faux comfortable ,
stout-walled cottavea In which "housemen"
or cottajcrs , each havluu the use of a poo-
lion of laud , rent free for a curtain number
ofdajs labor upon the farm , live in morr
than ordinary comfort and content. Haw-
over old or weather-buatoa these farmsteads
may bo , they givq to all tbU stern northland -
land that tangible , palpable warmth of color
which subdues and softens all material ster
ility and desolation , wherever is unendur-
inglv built that blessed and thrice blessed
earthly typo of heaven , thotiomo.
ElXJlll U WiKIMAK.
"A dozen ot\ the shell. " gome celery and a
pint of Cook's Extra Dry Imperial Ctiam-
a lunch for the gods.
NEBRASKA LABOR CONGRESS
Annual Meeting in Omaha Using Looked
Forward To with Much Interest.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS WILL BE LIVELY
MolhoiU to Si ncl to tlio Next I.eclttnturo
Ilrprctontiitlvet t'rlcmlly tol.ibor Delc-
tnto to the Nntlonnl Trdcrntlon
MccthiR Talks I.ibor Mole * .
The mooting of the Nebraska State Labor
congicss. which Is to behold InOmnhnJanu
ary 14,1SO-I , Is being looked forward to with
great Interest by ttio members ot organized
labor In this city. President Wlllard pre
dicts that about 500 delegates from : ho
Knights of Labor assemblies , trades unions
and farmers alliances \vlll be In attendance ,
whllo others think the number will hardly
bo that largo
The Increased growth of organized labor
In the state , especially marked In Lincoln ,
Omaha , Nebraska Cltv , Wymorc and Grand
Island , insures a much larger number of
delegates to the congress at this meeting than
there has o or been at any of ttio previous
meetings of this body Already the cam
paign for ofllcos has been started and it is
expected that an interesting but good-
natured scramble will take place la the
selection of the principal ofllccrs of the
congress for the next term.
Mr .1. M. Thompson , n member of the
executive council ot the congress , has been
delegated to attend the state mooting of the
Farmers nlllnnco which convenes at Hast
ings January 8 , nnd extend an Invitation to
the sub-Uliinccs to send delegates to the
Omaha mooting The representation will
bo one delegate for cacti organization in the
state , and one additional delegate for every
100 members or majority fraction All
central labor unions , district assemblies of
the Knights of Labor and the organizations
of the Farmers alliance will each bo entitled
to thrco delegates The local labor loaders
ore of the opinion that action will bo taken
at this meeting which will figure strcmgh'
in the election of members of the next Ne
braska legislature , and there is sotuo differ
ences of opluion at this time as to the
method that should bo adopted to secure
the election ot friends of labor , which n\ \ > -
pears to bo ono of tlio chief aims of this
organization
The law committee of the state congress ,
Omaha Central Labor union and Lincoln
Central Labor union held a three days' con-
fcrenco some time ago nnd now have some
measures which they h.ivo umnimouily
agreed upon that will bo placed before the
meeting , wiih recommendations as to the
proper methods to secure their enactment
Jute laws by the next legislature. It is the
Intention of the snto congress to lliorouehlv
concentrate all the po\\or of all organized
labor in Nebraska m order that thov may be
Properly considered by the law making
powers of the state
The proposition to ask candidates for the
legislature to st < rn agreements to work and
vote for labor laws seems to receive the ap
probation of more of the organisations that
have taken action on this matter than anv
other system so far proposed Several of
the delegates are already preparing thorn-
solves with resolutions and recommenda
tions , and it is said that the Typographical
union at Lincoln will como well prepared to
show cause why ascathinc resolution should
not bo passed denouncing the attitude
toward labor of the Journal and Call.
From the National Kodpratloii Mooting *
In socnklng of the recent convention of
the American Federation of Labor , held at
Chicago , a prominent delegate to that body
said : "Tho steady growth and increasing
popularity of trades unionism was fully
demonstrated by the largo number of dele
gates In attendance , many representing
trades unions organized since the last con
vention Almost every trade reported large
accessions in members during the * east
year. "
In recard to the suggestion of the Knights
of Labor for a closer union of libor organiza
tions he said ho thousrht It was a good idea
and believed the propo pd conference would
bo held and that something would bo done
at that meeting looking to a union of all in
dustrial onranizatlons. When asked as to
the effect of Gompor's ro-olection into the
proposed union , ho said that while person
ally ho was sorry Gompers had been reelected -
elected he did not think his election would
affect the project in any way. Of course
there is n growing hostility to Gompers.
especially on the part of western men , and
that he has won bv n very narrow marzin
foreshadows his defeat at the next election
John McDride of the Miners union , hobe-
llpved , was the coming man in the American
Federation Ho said the old time hostility
to the Kniehts of Libor had about died out
nnd that all appreciated the motto , "that an
injury to ono Is the concern of all. "
He said the delegates h.id been royally re
ceived in Chicago , and had enjoved their
stav there very much ; that conditions were
worse in Chicago than had been reported ,
tens of thousands bcintr idle and hungry
mobs fed by chanty while thousands slept
in the city hall , having no money to buy
cither lodging or food
In rcgird to politics ho said ho found great
dissatisfaction with the policy of the ad
ministration In the matter of finance nnd
the tariff , and believed the democrats would
bo overwhelmingly pDfeated in the con
gressional elections next voir Ho thought
the republican and people's parties woula
both Twelve n largely increased labor vote
When asked as to the possibility of a nov
labor party ho said he did not think that it
wni the intention of the leadora to try to
form n new political party , but to work for
reforms through the existing organizations
Ho saUl the finances of the federation worn In
good shape and that everything pointed to
an increased prosperity of the organization
The meeting in general \ > as one of the best
the federation has over held , and some now
departures were taken on lines that have
never been hoiotoforo mentioned at the
meetings of this organization.
Should Smut Information to Krlon.
Labor Commissioner Erion is taking con
siderable Interest in gathering sUUls'its
from the organized trades in Nebraska and
promises that his report will contain all the
general information regarding wages , ex
penses of living , needs and desires of the
organized and unorganized workingmen.
Mr Erion will bo very glad to receive anv
In formation which the unions and assnmbllos
may wish him to use , and it Is the duty of
every orcani/ed branch of industry to
Icnep him well Informed as to
wages received , expenses for living
nnd anv other matters which they
dpslro broueht before the public Organiza
tions not having statisticians should elect
them at oncoand instruct thorn to gather
the information mentioned nnd forward to
the lalwr commissioner It Is largely their
own fault that organized labor has not re
ceived more consideration from this office
hnretofoio. but now if thov will do their
duty toward themselves the objects for
whlcb th < * oflli-e was created mav yet bo at
tained. It Is found that comparatively only
a few organizations in Nebraska have kept a
record of any statistics worth mentioning.
and without some effort on their part it Is
absolutely Impossible to secure the data
which they are constantly clamoring for.
Complaint of Spinner * .
The Splnnors union of Lowell Is very
much dlssatltflod with the present order of
things. The following Is from a public address -
dross Issued by the Lowell union : "During
the past twenty-live years the speed of ma
chinery has btion incroaiod to such nn extent -
tent that a cotton raula can now produce In
nine hours what it formerly took eleven to
do. Ttiis increases the spinners' duties and
tends to produce premature old ago , whllo
there is no additional compensation in the
matter of wages. Under old conditions men
CO i ears of ago could sustain themselves and
not become a burden to their friends , but
today only the young and strong can do the
work , and after devotlnp the best part of
their lives to the work , but few can retire
with sunlclent funds to Jseop the wolf from
the door. "
Tariff uncertainty Is assigned as the cause
of a Cleveland nail company c'osing ' doirn ,
Tlio co-opcratlye bakery established by
the Knights ot Labor a } . Montreal Is thriv
ing
Thcro arc now 60,000 union trainmen.
"No wages no rent" Ik a Boston by-word.
The American Rallw.tr union Is growing.
Ohio Bweating shops ethploy 8.1 000 women
Carpenters are wording nlno hours in 400
towns. ri
New Haven's idle workers arc estimated
ntr.ooo.
The International Berbers' union has 7.000
members. i
The miners have resumed vrork at Win-
throp , Mich.
The cap workers have decided to form n
national union. '
A ro-opcratlvo shop will bo established by
the Boston bakers
The United Boot and Shoo workers have
adopted n union label.
The minr > M nt Bovlor. Mo , are on a strike
against a 20 per cent cut.
The Painters union of Boston has been
locked out by the bosses association
The collar workers nf Trov havn signed a
protest against the Wilson tariff bill.
Master Wnrkimn Sovorelpn is reported as
saying that H.OOO.OM workers are idle.
Thn cotton workers of Massachusetts are
preparing to form n state organization
Labor organizations in Chicago are taking
stops to care for the needy poor among their
members
The Jowclrv workers at Syracuse N. V ,
have organized uudor the American Federa
tion of Labor.
Frederick Bnchlcr of Lotilsvlllo. Kv ,
member of the statonsscinbly of the Knights
of Labor , U dead.
The pay of n granite cutter in Scotland fern
n week is about the dally wages for similar
work in America
Knights of Labor assembly. No 095. lo
cated nt San Diego , Cal , has n case in court
with a Chinaman.
General Master Workman Sovereign ad
vises worklnirmcn to use the ballot to right
the present wrongs.
ThoStato Worklnenicn's assembly of Now
Vork will hold Its twentv-efelith annual con
vention at Albany January 10.
A firm at Washlncton , Pa , has secured an
injunction preventing forinnr employes from
congregating about its works
The street railway company at James
town. N Y has reduced faro to 3 cents be
tween G and 9 a m nnd 4 HOandGp m.
The Labor congress of England has issued
n manifesto against ho House of Lords for
not passine the cmplo\cr's liability bill.
The wholesale clothiers of Now York are
reported as organizing tholremplo\es to help
their sales in strongly organized districts.
Toronto unions have entered politics and
will support only the candidates who will
promise in writing to support their demands.
The hatters of Yonkers held n mooting in
Music hall with about 2 030 present nnd
passed resolutions against the passage of the
Wilson tariff bill
Seamstresses report that private families
are doinc their own sewing , .vhich leaves
them with little work to do in comparison
with former years
The Journal of the Knights of Labor Is
authority for the statement that the HeadIng -
Ing Railroad compiny Is discharging all en
gineers over 45 j ears of ago.
The amalcamation of cabinet makers and
wood carvers has beau postponed indefi
nitely. Ono oreanization favored and the
other opposed the amalgamation.
The Kniehts of Labor of Baltimore have
asked the rity to establish nn employment
bureau nnd maintain It at the expense of the
city and keep a registry of the unemnlojcd
At a meeting of the employes of the Cou-
tant Thread company in Pawtucket a icso-
lution was passed asking the Rhode Island
delegation in congress to oppose the Wilson
bill.
bill.Tho
The Illinois Federation of Labor has a
gavel made from the barrel of a rifle used by
a Pinkerton detective at "Homestead. It is
used only at state meetings of the federa
tion.
tion.Tlio
Tlio Indiana Kniehts of Labor in their
state convention passed resolutions demanding
ing- that the volume of 'money ' bo increased
to ? 50 nor capita by the Issuing of legal tender -
dor treasury notes
An unauthorized statement has been sent
out boycotting the firm of Carhart Hnckett
& Co , clothing manufacturers of Now York.
The statement is not signed bv .any ono and
is supposed to have been sent by some rival
firm.
firm.The
The labor unions of Lowell addressed a sot
of questions to the candidates for political
office nnd out of twenty-six candidates ,
eighteen have promised In wrltlncr to work
for the reforms demanded by the labor or
ganizations
A Georgia court has compelled a railroad
company to keep its agreement with the
employes in the matter of wngcs and time
This is said bv old time railroad men to bo a
new departure and is looked upon as a great
victory for railroad wntjo earners
Cure indigestion and biliousness with
DoWitt's Little Early Risers
IMl'IHTICS.
The startling mistake of a furneral ser
mon preached over the wrong person
occurred In Los Angeles recently The good ,
kind and well-intentioned rovoreud dostor
made the distressing error of speaking the
last words over the wife and mother of the
family , instead of the husband and father ,
whoso corpse lay in the casket a few foot
from him , while the agonized widow , to
whoso virtues no was directing the discourse ,
was compelled to sit In terrible suspense and
listen to her own funeral sermon. What
must have intensified her distress und added
to the grim complication of the situation is
the fact that the lady is a member of the
eminent divine's church. The preacher
painted the desolation ot homo without a
mother and extolled the lady's virtues in a
manner that , under less painful circum
stances , must have been some satisfnctio n
A well known filend of ttio family finally
summoned up onoucrh courage to arise and
explain in broken and indistinct accents that
the minister should conflno his remarks to
Mr. and not Mrs Blank. The minister , who
was in the midst of his discourse , misunder
stood the Interpolation , and , therefore , con
tinued all the more intensely his panegync
It was no use trying to stop him now , but
after the peroration he looked into the coffin
and fell back. Ho had discovered his mis
take.
At a prayer mooting In nn Indiana church
the other evening a stranger offered the
following petition : "Lord , Thou knowest I
am a stranger hero. Thou knowest I do not
live here , but resldo in a neighboring town.
Thou knowest I have relatives In another
town whom I am on my waj t3 see Lord.
Thou knowest why I am hero instead of
there. Thou kuowest just what I want. I
want40 cents. Amen. " Ho got the 40 cents ,
and is now a linn believer In the cfllcaoy of
prayoi.
The English reformers adopted eomo
curious titles for their devotional and con
troversial works. "MAtches Lighted at the
Divine Fire , " "Tho ( Jim of Penitence , "
"Tno Shop of the Spiritual Apothecary. "
"Tho Bank of Faith , " "Sixpennyworth of
Divine Spirit , " "Sornoi Fine Biscuits Baked
in the Oven of Charity , Caiefully Conserved
tor the Chickens of ttio Church , " "Tho
Sparrows of the Spirit , " and "Iho Sweet
Swallows of Salvation'1 are among tno
number. ,
Preacher Young uieh should never go tea
a place where thoj would not take their sis
ters. Is there a young.Bian in the audlcncu
who thinks he may safely break this wise
rulet Yojng man uiuUr the gallery stands
up. Preacher And what U ttio place , my
youog friend , which you think yourself
justified In visiting , and yut to which you
uould noi think of taking your sister ?
Young man ; The barber shop , sir.
*
Indignant Chicago leacon ) Is it true that
men out ot work iiro to be allowed to como
to our decant church at night and use it as
a sleeping place | Pastor Why not , brother ?
For about an hour and a half every Sunday
of your llfoto my certain knowledge > ou use
It as a sleeping place in the daytime.
"Did you say , Auut Sarah , that jour
nephew was studying theologyj" "Yes , no's
a bibulous studcut. "
Little pills rorgreatills , DoWttt'sLUtlo
Early Uisers.
The steamers between Europe acd North
America carry on an average about 7U.OOO
passengers a month.
TllKATKIff.
"A Bras * Monkey , " which oocns its holi
day engagement at the I d with a matinee
this ( Sunday ) afternoon , is n striking mani
festation of Mr. Charles U Host's peculiar
nutltudn for pointing the arrow of truth with
amiabla satire , whorowlth to ' 'shoot folly as
it flics. " For creating or assimilating the
materials that enter Into farce comedies
Mr. Hoyt possesses a talent that Is ukln to
originality. Newness is not claimed for the
material inadousoof so freely by him. They
have been used time out of ml ml in one former
or another , but it has remained for Mr.
Hojt to create a now farcical cntro mot by
combining the materials In a new way , nnd
flavoring the dish \\lth ccitnin Ideas of his
own. In "A Hag Baby" ho hit off the idol-
ntri for prize lighters and incidentally
shed a llttlo light upon the
peculiarities ot drug store manage
ment. "ATinSoldlct" let in the da.vllght
upon the Blundering practices of the
plumber. "A Hole in the Ground" satirized
the management of railways and the
Peculiar discomforts to which the traveling
public is subject , The target for the satire-
tipped shafts of "A Brass Monkey" is
broader and ot more general application
than anv ot the themes treated In his former
compositions It Is superstition that conies
in for a going o\er , this time , nnd as a ma
jority of the folks aio confessedly or un-
consclo.isly superstitious , the play appeals
toawldo constituency. It is partly on ac
count of this general application of tlio sub
ject that this woik sootns to possess moro
dramatic coherence than its prodccvsnors ,
but In fact , there is small difference on this
score Without attempting to show In Just
what degree this difference exists , lot it bo
remarked in passing that theater-goers care
little or nothing fur this side of thu ques
tion. "A Brass Monkc.\ " gives rise to a vast
amount of enjoyment , nnd tlmt demonstrates
indisputably that this side of the question
is ouly regarded by the public.
Vernona Jarbcau % \ 111 open a four night en
gagement at the Fifteenth Street theater
tliis afternoon in her ever popular comedy ,
"Starlight , " but so altered la it with bright ,
catchy music , funny situations and witty
dialogue as to bo scarcely recognizable.
Miss Jarbeau's costumes and these of the
ladies of her company form ono of the tea
turcs , and will bo the tlnest soon this
season.
Act I An Italian peasant costume , con
sisting of black lace skill , yellow silk blouse ,
red bodice and embroidered apron.
Act II An evening gown of snrimp pink
heavy faille , Worth's latest creation , having
a long drapery of point lace falling from the
shoulders , and costing 12,000 francs. A hito
brocaded silk opera cloak , lined and bor
dered with ermine , which seems to be the
rage Just now. The second is a child's
dress , a skill , a Swiss plnaforo and a sun-
bonnet. The third is an Kmplrc gown made
by Felix , serpent preen and cardinal ,
front i ichly embroidered with pearls , and a
green tiara , The < implro Jacket and enor
mous sleeves are of cardinal \ civet. A largo
red hat tipped with giean and cardlntl com
plete this most effective costume , and in it
the handsome Jarbcau looks as if she had
stepped from a picture frame , a breathing
can\as Miss Jarbcau is a very beautiful
woman in Spanish dress ; sparkling and vi
vacious , her extraordinary talent has led
her on to a splendid career. Her voice is
full and mellow and she has a lovely person
ality. Next season Miss Jarboau will pro
duce a new comedy which is now being re
hearsed. This will bo vosltnoly the last
chance to see her in "Starlight , "
A special Christmas day matinee will bo
given tomorrow afternoon at 2 30.
When Maggie Cllno sings "Throw Him-
Don n , McCloskcy , " aho becomes moro or
less acrobatic. But the robust Margaret's
imitation of pugilism , Judging from the ncro-
batic view point , falls short of a feat per
formed in "Yon Yonson" by Sadie Connolly ,
whose line nnd manner of v.orlc somewhat
resemble Miss Clino's , without copying
them Miss Connelly plavs an Irishwoman
in "Yon Yonson , " which is the Now Year's
attraction nt tlio Boyd , and the young
Swede , whom she desires for a husband ,
leads her a swift chase thro igh a window.
She dives through headlong , and , as she is
not exautl } fragile , the effect is quite sensa
tional.
A great interest Is being manifested in
the grand production of ' 'Damon nnd
Pythias , " which is to bo given at thoBoid
December 20 , not only in Pythian circles ,
but by all lovers of the legitimate drama.
Over ilf ty people are to take part , and the
cast is headed by such well known artists as
Frank and Kdna Linaon. J. Edgar Owens
and wife. Mr. Linden will play Pythias for
the first time in this city , ho having hith
erto appeared as Damou , wliilo Mr. Owens
will play Damon ; Edna Lindon. Calanthe.
'
and 'Mrs. Owens , Hermion The scenery
and appointments will bo of the most elab
orate character , and the costumes correct
anu handsome.
Farmer J. C. Lewis comes to the Fifteenth
Street theater the last thrco nights this
week , presenting the great Yankee comedy
drama , "Si Plunkard. "
* lho new play house that will open its
doors Christmas day at 1 p. m will see the
revival of cheap prices nnd the hourly shows
so long in voirue under Will Lawler's man
agement at Eleventh and Farnam Ttio now
Eden Museo nt 1515 Dodge street Is a peifect
little gem and in colors nothing but blue ,
gold , white and cro.im are all to bo scon.
The second floor is the main curio hall nnd
the opening f-.iias are varied and interesting.
First comes ttie famous cat minstrels , nine
living , singing , dancing cats , the wonders of
the amusement world , and the greatest musi
cal noveltj In existence
The Cliff D-rellors' exhibit is the most
complete and varied collection of prehistoric
roiics over exhibited and vanes in ago fioin
1,000 to 1,000 years
Katokins' squirrels and Anderson's
trained mice , both exhibited by Omaha cit
izens , show the power of kindness and patience -
tienco over these agllo animals until now
untamnd. The famous Moynlhan collection
of footlight faaorltoa is very line , and Man
ager Lawler has tilled eaoix nook and corner
with something odu. The Bijou theater ,
with its settees and folding opera chairs ,
beautiful scenery and dccoiatlons , is the last
place you visit , and there wo llnd Burton
and Clyde Stanley , the Kollys , sharp and
Mat. nnd the musical trunk makers , a blir
show for a llttlo bit of silver the old trade
mark , ono dlmo admits to all opera chaiis ,
S and 10 cents continuous shows ; no waits ,
good order , cleanliness aud good shows , and
u present of a beautiful souvenir to each
lady visitor at each show all the week are
the Inducements offered at the new Eden
Museo , 1515 Dodge street. Open dally , 1 to
10 p. m. _
rOI.\lU OA I'llOlKESS ,
Glass is soldered to metals.
Weotrlc forgins Is extending.
The world has 41,07.3 , cannon ,
Rochester has a cricket farm.
Frisco imports coal from China.
'
Undo Sam has 0,000 farms.
Hawaii has fifty miles of railway ,
Russia is last in boer production.
Germany has co-operative banks.
Parisians eat 12,000 horses } early.
England eats Jerusalem oranges.
London streets stretch 2,000 milps.
Japan railroads extend 1,717 miles.
English locomotives use liquid fuel.
Jerusalem is to have water works ,
Egyptian pottery Is 5,800 years old.
Stamps are canceled by electricity.
Jordan valley Is to have a rallrocd.
Electricity runt a Boston typo writer.
Our now uavy has cost $25,000,000.
Electric railroads cover 7PVJ miles.
Electrically driven tools are booming.
Our cotton prop U over 11,000,000 bates.
Texas loads the states In cotton and
cattle.
Wo make 80,009,009 neodlcs annually ,
Japan makes 6,000 tons of Iron annually.
Germany bas 5,000,000 sayings bank de
positors.
Franco U building an aluminium torpedo
boat.
boat.An
An English locomotive- to 70 100 miles
an hour ,
Cast stcol Is much cheaper for casting
bells than uny other metal.
The Prussian governrneat bat demon-
The Rug sale will go on until - * >
til New Years' with prices lower
than ever.
This week will be a money
saving time for any one fond of
Rare Rugs. Our line of An
tique , Corabogh , G h i o r d e ,
Daghcstan and Bokahra small
Rugs is more complete than
at any other season. Fine
specimens of Animal Rugs at
prices to sell this year.
14H-16-18 Street.
- - Douglas .
Farmer is the man who has time , now , to read
what you have to say , ana the Farmer is the man
who has the money to buy
what you have to sell. The
Farmer is the only man who is
making money and getting
good prices for nearly every
I Merchant thing he raises. The exper
ienced advertiser will leadily
see the advantage to be derived by placing his
advertisement before
Who read The Omaha Weekly Bee.
"We'll guarante this and more , too. Give you a sworn
affidavit. _
Shall ono of our 0
Advertising men call V TiinBnE PVHLISIIING Co ,
NERVOUSDISORDERS
IwE ll W UUIjAnd nil tlio train of
EVl5 "vKAKNEMKsT DBJIILIFY KTC . thai , | 0-
nml PEUMA-
romnany them lu men QUICKLY
NKiiTMT CUHEU FW STUKNOT1I and Woo
elin loovuri-partof the txxly I will B ml ( u
curi.li inckodi t'HEB to any BUlterer the prcacrlp-
lion thain\n\ \ moot thoie troubla * Adtlriw t.
II WUliilir.Mualo Dealer. Uox 1,2(19 , ManUall
Mlchl.-ati
stralod that potioleum Is a reliable scale
preventer in steam boilers
The explosive power of dynamlto is eight
times stronger than RUtipowder
The longest sinKlo arch In a stone brldtro is
* oot , over the Ilialto a' Venice ,
Mn New Tiling.
Uo loved the girl , Buys tl * > Detroit
Free Press.
That was plain to tlio most casual ob
server.
Ho sent her flowers.
He wanted her to go with him whore-
over lie went.
Every spare rnornont ho devoted to
her.
her.When ho was besldo her ho was the
willing slave of her every wish.
Did she drop her fan , ho was firat to
pick it up.
Did she want a glass of nectar , ho flow
to fetch U.
Did she want an castor chair , lie moved
all the furniture In the room In order to
gratify her.
Did she ask this or that , ho was only
too glad to bo of service.
Theater tickets and drives and candy
and hooka and all manner of pretty little
souvenirs wore for her alono.
Whore Bho was , there was his treasure
also.
also.His volco was a iluto note for her
always ; and his daya were spent lu
thoughts of her ,
But that was years ago ,
How different now (
He married hor.
HOME
INDUSTRIES
OmahaTeat-AWQlQi
COIU'ANV
Klcci , iiammucki oil
and rubber clolliliiz
tend for CHUIOKUJ 11U
frarnsmst.
BBEWEB3.
Fred Krug Brewing OmahalMajAm
COM 1 * ANY.
Our bolllua Cabinet Ouiraotodl to oiait
bu r dollisteil to anr outtlUebranls. Yiuaat
Jan of tlio cltr I'M union bo'ilsi baor Ui-
ackion u llfurjl to fmul lei
IRON WORK3.
Paxton & Ylerllng loddrhl IHJ IVorii
1IIOSVOHK3 Miuofaslurltiv and tt
W ougluanil cut Iroa pairing of all klDdJ ot
wulldlDK work , luacblnerr. Til H IU-i
tiruii vrurk etc U Tuloybonu 1IU
FLOUH.
Office an1 Mill.
U13 N. ICtti lU
PRINTlNO. BOAP.
Reed Job Printing i Page Soap Co.
COMPANY. > laouictur r uC Union
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