i I
Nlco Wo CHENILLE CUR
( CARPETS STOVES
TAINS
PrleOH
FURNITURE PARLORSUITS. Brussels Carpets , offer this week
have boon cut follows
as
Highly i > o Ished SUITS. desiraolo patterns , a. only : BUBO Burners , lows
Chamber Sots , tin- Handsomely uphol special drive , for 9ia.GO. Oil Heaters , ;
tlguo or 10th cen stered , latest style , this week only 48c. ' $4.25. Cannon These formerly $5
tury finish , cnovnl 10th century or an- Incrnln Carpets , Stoves , $ U ! )0. ) 0-holo now $12.60.
or sqnaro dressera. tlquo finish , worth latest style , this Utilises , $12.60. ! Tluno formerly $10
worth $30.00 , thla $10.00 , this wcelt week only 25c per luilo Unices , $9.03. now $ , ) .
week only $18.75. only $23.76. yard , worth double. Worth double. now Those J8.CO formerly $15
BOOK Secretaries fASES , , FOLDING BEDS. s IDEUOAHDS. STOVE PIPE PRICES
TAMPS '
Ladies' Desks Combination
,
Tills week .
only.
Fifty-six different A Solid Oak Sideboard . . u to bo
bination Library < j i i
A nice Hanging Cases , Parlor Desks , stylos. Ask to sco board , finely finished Stove pipe lOc joint. lower tiian the low
Elbows 80each ,
Lamp for $1.75 , worth Olllce Desks.etc. , wo our - $8.60 Mantel ished , well tundo , Hods 14cenoh. Conl Zinc est. We coiillally
Folding Bed and our this week onlyl 1.76 , Invite to
oiler at prices which you examine
Beards 05o each.
$ I3.2J Folding -
A fine Hanging Upright other housed would ine and
to bo compare
wo guarantee Dampers 60 each.
Lnmp for $1.05 , worth from 10 to 60 pot- ing Bed , in nntlguo consider it chimp ut Shovels 4c each. them with any house
$10. cent below cash store or 10th century fin $ ia In the l\nil. :
ish.
prices.
DEDDING. rpABLES. c iVRPETS. ROCKERS-
Rockers , Jl.O'i.
Comforts 68e.
, Linoleums , 680. C'ino Rockers Sl.iW.
Pillows , ! t4c. Dining Tables , Single Lounges , ,
Blankets , Hoe. $1.95. Kitchen Ta $ 1.83 , worth $7.60. Door Mais , 128c. Children's Rockers ,
Spreads , 07c. bles , 75c. Extension ] 3ed L o u > n o s , Rugs , 81. Ooc. Tiipeatry Rock-
Holsters , 31.U5. Tables , S3.85 , and $7.50 , worth $111 Stair Carpet , 15c. 013 , &M6. Piusli
PillowSllps , 17c. all other tables Ohonlllo Couches , Rap Ctirpot , 2'Jo. Rockers , $2.75. Carpet -
Worth double. equally as low. $9.75 , worth $10. Oil Cloth , 10c. pot Rockers , $2.43.
WINDOW . J INNER SETS. rpERMS J TTCIIEN. T 1NWARE.
SHADES , 23c. pURNITURE.
Lace Uurtains.OOc. Dinner Sots , $7.50. On iv bill of $10 , $1 Kitchen Tablo,75e. Wash Boiler ? , 75e.
Curtain Poles , 6c. Easels , 55c , Tea Sdta , $4.2 j. cash and $1 per week. Kitchen safest , 60. Tea Kettles , aio ,
Silk Curtains , ScreotiR , 75c. Toilet Sots , $1.95. Special nnd moro Kitchen Chairs , ColVeoPols , lOc.
$2.45. Plush Clitrirs.Sl.OO. Wo carry the largest favorable arrangements 34c. Mrs. Pott's Irons ,
Bedsteads , $1.25. est stock of 34c.Kitchen Soc.
Chenille Covers , Crockery ments on larger purchases Kitchen Cabinet , Soc.And
Ooc. Springs , 800. and Glassware in chases- $0.50. And all other tin
Ooc.Silkalino , lOc. the city. ware equally as low.
S 1LVEUWARE. AN IMMENSE CTREE JJ1REE
* *
--buildlng , with a
Heavy Plato large warehouse in With every purchase
Knives and Forks , the rear , stored from With every purchase With every purchase uf $10.00 and over a.
usual $1.50 of $3.00 and over , n .
price ,
cellar to roof with of Sl.OQ and over a very pretty Smyrna.
this week only $2.25. everything neces handsome imported beautiful decorated Rug with a choice of
Alarm ( Jlecks , 7oc. sary for housekeep Bouvenir. cup and saucer. several hundred to
Eight-day Clocks , ing. select from.
$2.03.
We are always moving toward the "King K.OW" of success and ever ready to jump at a chance to prove that our prices are far below any otlier house in
the city. f *
America's Largest Gasii or Credit House.
Persistent Efforts to Fix 'the Complexion of
the Future Supreme Bench ,
WILL SOON SAY "WE ARE THE COURTS"
Pecullur Methods of Sentlns "SnHnule"
Judces Ilio Lobby , It * Influence
and Wny of Working
II.
Got' . ll'm. iMriabee " 'flit RallrnaA Question. "
The decision which the supreme court of
the United States rendered la the Granger
cases in 1870 , afllrmlng the right ota state to
control railroad charges for the transporta
tion of passengers wholly within the state ,
was a serious disappointment to railroad
men , for It was the first stop toward wrest
ing from thorn ttio power to arbitrarily con
trol the commerce of the-couatry. Ever since
that time it has been their determined pur
pose to bring about , If possible , a recon
struction of the federal supreme court lu or
der to secure a reversal or mollification of
the Granger decision. In the ease of Peilc
vs Chicago , 91th U. S. , 170 , the supreme
court laid down the following broad princi
ple of law : "Whoro property has been
clothed with public interest the legislature
may 11 x a limit to that which shall in law bo
reasonable for Us uso. This limit binds the
court as well as the people. If it has been
improperly fixed the legislature not the
courts must bo appealed to for a change. "
ID ono of the Granger cases the same court
used the following language : "Wo know
that this Is a power which may bo abused ,
but that Is no argument against its exist
ence. For protcctibn against abuses by
legislatures the people must resort to the
polls. "
Fourteen years later , In the case of the
Chicago , Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad
company vs , Minnesota , deckled in October ,
IbOO , the saiuo court rendered n decision so
indefinite that the lawyers differed much in
their opinion as to Its moaning , ami It ap
pears that the members of tlio court who
inado the dccisioa also differed In their
opinions as to the meaning of the decision ,
for Justice Bradley said In his dissenting
opinion , la which Justice Gray and Justice
Lamnr concurred , that tin decision practic
ally overruled Munn * 's. Now York , sub.
milled in October , IbOl , and decision ren
dered February 20 , Ib'J'J , and opinion de
livered by Justice lilatchford In referring to
the Minnesota case , after quoting the above
statement from Justice Uradloy , said ; "But
tnc opinion of the court did not say so , nor
did it refer to Munn vs. Illinois , nnd wo are
of the opinion that the dcclslon-ln that case
is , is ivlll bo hereafter shown , quite dis
tinguishable from the present case , ' '
It Is thus apparent that this court has ad
hered to the decision in Munn vs. Illinois ,
and to the itoctrlacs announced in the
opinion of the court in that case , and these
doctrines have since been repeatedly enforced
in the decisions of the courts of the states.
Judge Qrowor , whoso zeal for the defense
ot corporate Interests seems to amount
almost ton cruzo , dissented. He said : "I
dissent from the opinion and Judgment In
thcso cakes , The main proposition upon
which they rest Is , in my Judgment , radically
unsound , It is the doctrine of Munn vs.
Illinois roafUrmcd. The paternal theory of
government is to ino odious. Justice Field
nnd Justice Urowu cpiicur with me [ u this
Ulssont , "
It should be remembered that Justices
Brewer ami Brown were both , appointed to
the supreme bench by President Harrison.
Kallrouil Tools lu High 1'lacei.
Wo have every reason to believe that un-
l u the people uf the United Slates are on
the alert , as railroad managers always are ,
there is. with further changes in the person
nel of the court , danger of Its deviating from
the sound principles of law laid down In its
decision in the Granger cases. Railroad at
torneys have been reoeatcdly raised to seats
in the highest tribunal in the land. So great
is the power of the railroad interests , and so
persistent are they in their demands , that
unless a strong public sentiment records its
protests their candidates for appointive
ofllccs are but too apt to be successful. Rep
resentatives of the rallrciads sit In the con
gress of the United States , others'aro mem
bers of the national campaign committees of
both of the great political parties , others
control the politics of the states , and their
Inllucnco reaches to the whlto housewhether
Its occupant is aware of It or not. Other in
terests iu the past have succeeded la secur
ing the appointment of biased men as Judges
of the supreme court who afterwards could
always bo relied unon to render decisions In
tholr J.ivor. Will the people protit by their
experience ; or will they bo indifferent to the
danger which surrounds them until nothing
short of a political uplicavnl can restore to
them these rights of sovereignty of which
they have so insidiously been deprived ?
Human gratitude is such that oven high-
mi ndc-d men -who , through the inilucnco of
the railroad Interest , have been placed upon
tlio federal bench , iind it impossible to
divest themselves of all bias when called
upon to decide a case in which their , bene
factors are interested. Such Is the human
mind that , when clouded by prejudice , it will
forever bo blind to Its own fault. Even the
members of so high a tribunal as the elec
toral commission' , which doslded the presi
dential contest between Hayes nnd Tlldon ,
could not divest themselves of their preju
dices ; each ono , republican or domocraf ,
voice' for the candidate of the party with
which ho had cast his political fortune.
" \\lilm niul Urcetl" or tlio Majority.
Last January , in an address delivered
before the Now Yorit State Bar association
ut Albany , Mr. Justice Urcwcr reminded his
hcaicrd that the rights of the railroads
"stand as secure la the eye and the custody
of the law as the purposes of Justice iu the
thought of God. " And further on they wore
told that there nro today 511,000,000,000 ,
Invested la railroad property , whoso
owners In this country number less
than 2,000,000 , persons. Can U bo that
whether that immense sum shall earn u
dollar or bring the slightest recompense to
these who have invested perhaps their all in
that business , and arn thus aliUng in the
development of the country , dcfieiids wholly
upon the \ \ him nnd greed of that great
majority of 00,000,000 , who do not own a
dollar I It may .bo said that that majority
will not bo so foolish , sclllsh and cruel as to
strip that property of Its earning capacity.
I say that so long ns constitutional guar
antees lift on American soil their buttresses
and bulwarks against wroua , and so long as
the American judiciary breathes the free
air of courage , it cannot.
Unfortunately judicial buttresses and bul
warks have not always been lifted against
wrong. Judge Tnnoy , like Urowor , supposed -
posed it was left at bis tlmo for his court to
preserve the peace nnd provide for the
safety of the nation ; but history has shown
that wo cannot depend upon that high tri
bunal for safety when it is'controlloa by
weak or inofllciont men. n
When wo consider what "that great ima-
Jorlty" has done for this country lu the past ,
unil is doing for it at the present time , and
especially when wo contrast its sunso of
justice and right with the weakness and in
ability of some nf Its public servants , does it
not seem to bo n little presumptuous for
them to assume that "ihr. danger is from
the multitudes the majority with whom is
the power , " and that wore it not for their
superior wisdom and patriotic action this
great government of the people , by the people -
plo and for the people would bo a failure ?
Mr. Lincoln never feared "tho whim and
rceiVlof "that great majority , " but he had
at a'.l times implicit confidence In the gnnt
mass ot the people , ami they in return had
full cpufUloncu that no temptation of wealth
or power was auQIclcnt to seduce his in
tegrity.
NYa cannot dismiss this subject without
referring to a atratatjem which railroads
huvoliuue past repeatedly resorted to for
the purpose of removing from the bench
judges of Independent minds whom they
have found it Impossible to control. This
stratagem consists of a well disguised bribe ,
by which a federal Judge is changed Into a
railroad attorney with a princuly salary.
The railroad thus gets rid of an undesirable
ludgo and gains a desirable solicitor nt a
l > rieo at which they could well have afforded
to pension the Judge.
The following is a copy of a broker's circu
lar letter sent to prominent bankers of Iowa ,
and shows that even the dork of the United
States court is not overlooked :
Juno30.1802.
MrWo offer , Hublcct to sale at par nnd Interest ,
note ? 2JOO. ! Jite. July 5 , 1892. Time , six
months ; rate , G per cont. I'liyuhlo when do-
slrud. Jlakor I2tidorsor , Judge
Mr , the milker , Is clerk
of United StHtes circuit court at
Judge , the well known attorney of
the & Hallway company
of , staled to us to bo worth 81130,000
to $200,000. Can you use It ?
How T.ogUlniurcs Are Worked.
While railroad managers rely upon servile
courts as n last resort to defeat tlio will of
the sovereign people , they are far from los
ing sight of the Importance of controlling
the legislative branch of the government.
By preventing what they are pleased to call
unfriendly legislation they are moro than
likely to prevent friction with public opinion ,
and they avoid at the same time the risk of
permanently prejudicing their caiiso by an
adverse opinion upon a constitutional ques
tion , which they may find It necessary to
raise hi order to nullify a legislative act.
Thcro are Mireo distinct means employed by
them to control legislative action. First ,
the election to legislative ofllccs of men who
are , for some personal reason , adherents to
the railroad cause. Second , the delusion or
even corruption of weak or unscrupulous
members of legislative bodies. Third , the
employment of professional nnd Incidental
Jobbylsts and the subsidizing of newspapers
or their representatives for the purpose of
inlluciiclng members of legislative bodies
and their constituencies.
There arc probably in every legislative
body a number of members who are in some
way or other connected with railroad cor
porations. No doubt n majority of thesa are
personally Irreproachable and even so hili-
mltidcd as to always postpone- private for
public Interest , yet there are also these
whoso political advancement was brought
about by railroad managers lor the very
purpose of having in the legislative body
servile members who could always bo rolled
upon to servo tholr corporate masters.
Nevertheless , wcro railroad Interests re
stricted to the votes of these men for their
support the public would probably have no
cause for alarm on aeivunt of the presence
of railroad representatives in legislative
bodies , but as mariy other interests seek
favorable legislation railroad men aro'
often enabled to gain support for their
cause by a corrupt bargain for votes , and It
Is thus possible for them to double , triple'
nnd even quadruple their original strength
by a policy of reciprocity.
As in congress and state leclslnturos , so
these representatives of the railroads mav
bo fouad in our city councils. The loaders
of the railroads In congress and iu the legis
latures of tho. various states usually rely
upon discretion for obtaining their end , but
railroad aldermen , with but few exceptions ,
seek to demonstrate their loyalty to the
causft to which they are committed by a
zealous advocacy of extreme measures , and
will not infrequently even gala their end
through the most unscrupulous combina
tions. If their votes , together with such
support as they obtain by making trades ,
are not suDlcleut to carry out or defeat u
measure whlcli the railroad interests may
favor or oppose even moro questionable
means are employed to gain u sUlllclen ( num
ber of votes to command a majority'
Outright bribery is probably the means
least often employed by corporations to
carry their measures. While It may bo true
that the vote of every weak and unscrupu
lous legislator is a subject of barter , monev
is not often the compensation for which it is
obtained. It is the policy of the political
corruption committees of corporations to as
certain the weakness and wants of every
man whoso services iboy pro JIUcly to uood ,
and to attack him , if his surrender should bo
essential to their victory , at his weakest
point. Men with political nmblflon are en
couraged to aspire to preferment , and ore as
sured of corporate support to bring it about.
Briefless lawyers are promised business or
salaried attorncysulps. These In financial
straits are accommodated with loam. Vain
in on are flattered and Klvta newspaper'
toriety. Others are given pasiea for their
families and their friends. Shippers are
given advantages m rates overt heir com peti-
sors ; In fact every legislator disposed to bar-
: cr his vote a\ay receives for it compensa
tion which combines the maximum of vio-
cnco to his self-respect.
Wlmt the Lobby Is Jin do Ot
Those who attempt to influence or control
legislative bodies in behalf of Interested
parties are called the lobby. As a rule the
; obby consists of piomment politicians likely
to have inilucnco with members of their
own party ; of men of good address and easy
conscience , familiar alike with the subject
under consideration and legislative proceed-
uro , and lust , but not least , of conlldcntial
agents authorized and prepared to enter
into secret negotiations with venal members.
The lobby which represents the railroad
companies at legislative sessions is usually
the largest , the most sagacious and the most
unscrupulous ot nil. Its work is systematic
and thorough , its methods unscrupulous and
its resources great. Yet all the members of
n legislative body cannot bo bribed cither by
money or position or favors. Some of them
will not vote for nny proposed mensurcTun-
loss they can bo convinced that it is for the
public welfare. Tluso legislators , if their
votes nro needed , nro turned over to the per-
suaslvo eloquence of these members of the
lobby who apparently have come to the rapi-
tal moved by a patriotic impulse 10 set
erring legislators right on public ques
tions. Tholr familiarity with pub
lic matters , their success in pub
lic life , their high standing in political
circles , their apparent disinterestedness
and their arguments all combine to give
theai great Inllucnco over now and inex
perienced members. In extreme cases in
fluential constituents of doubtful members
are sent for at the last moment to labor
with their representatives , nnd to assure
them that the sentiment of their districts is
in favor of the measure advocated by the
railroads , lolcgrams pour In upon the un
suspecting members. Petitions in favor of
the proposed measure are also hastily cir
culated among the unsophisticated constit
uents of members sensitive to public
opinion , and are then presented to thorn ns
an unmistakable Indication of the popular
will , ' although the total number of signers
forms a very small percentage of the total
number of voters in the districts In which
these petitions were circulated , A common
method employed by the railroad lobby in
Iowa has been to arouse by ingenious argu
ments the prejudices of the people of one
part of the state against these of another ,
or of ono class against these of another
class ; for instance , the cast against the
west , or that portion of the state tlio least
supplied with railroad facilities against
that which is host supplied ; or the river
cities against the interior cities ; or the
country people aRaiust tlio city people ; or
the farmer against the merchant , and al
ways artfully keeping In view the oppor
tunity to utilize onu sldo or the other in
their own interest.
The Chesapeake-oyster beds employ 30,000
persons.
Iso nation has rmado so rapid increase in
the tonnage of steamers registered the past
twelve months as the United States.
Until 1859 no pl | | iron was manufactured in
Pittsburp. In 18U2 a total of 1,77C , ' . > 57 gross
tons wore produced.
Nearly a hundred establishments nro en-
caged In the manufacture of bronze powder
in and near tboultles of Furth and Nurcm-
burg. *
It took four months for four men to do
seven inches of a cashmere shawl one yard
wide , working from 5 in the morning till 5 in
the evening everyday , so It was hardly to be
wondered at that two yards should cost
nearly ? 500.
Thcro is big news to bo told about alum
inum. It Is m > w on the market at 05 cents a
pound , and a thousand fresh uses for it have
been discovered. Already It has driven sil
ver out of the arts to some extent. It has
almost superseded the latter metal as foil
for "gilt" worir , because It ir quite as beau
tiful and can bo beaten into leaf nearly as
thin as gold leaf. The production of it has
surpassed that of nickel and will soon ex
ceed that of copper and lead. In fact ,
aluminum Is destined soon to take the place
ofluad and copper to a largo degree , as well
as that of iron , wneu it becomes cheap
enough ,
Cure indigestion ' and biliousness with
Littler Carly Risers.
MAKE WAY FOR THE TURKS
The Day They Lord It Over the Rest of Fowl
Creation.
SEASONED MEDITATION AND MASTICATION
The Whys anil the Wherefores Discussed
mill iiiiciIatml nlth Historical HUilllng
Itellcctloiu on the Day Wo
Celebrate.
Age does not wither nor custom stale the
festival of Thanksgiving. It has become a
part of tlie national life , and Its Influence
transcends the physical features of the fes
tival. It comes at a season of the year when
the bounties of nature are Inventoried and
the bounteous blessings thereof inay bo
properly acknowledged. And to give eelnt
to the spirit of thankfulness the inner man
is gorgeously crratiflcd. Tlien there is the
mirth , thochccr , the fellowship of the gen-
ulno feast which servo to drlvo dull care
away.
And there arc abundant reasons for thank
fulness this year. The banker sees in his
replenished hoard nnd stiff rates much cause
for Joy. The borrower may rojolco in being
accommodated. Reawakened industry
hums a Joyous lay and erstwhile smoKcless
chimneys belch soot nnd thankfulness. Sil
ver clouds have taken a golden hue. Gran
aries groan with nature's oountles. Politi
cally , the g. o. p. bus earned its exhilaration ;
its opponents may rejoice for the favor of
existence. Wo have seen thrones totter and
dusky crowns roll In the dust ; war's comic
front bristling in other lands ; monarchies
trembling on the points of bayoifcts and ox-
ccsstvo taxation ; cJivino rightcrs making
footballs of the popular will ; civilization
marching with rum nnd gun in the dark
continent , and the quixotics of Spain pump
ing lead and soiiso into Iho Moors nil these
wo tmvo witnessed wlillo enjoying peace and
national concord. Wherefore lot us ideal-
tate and masticate and be duly thankful.
Una of the Illc Four.
With the Fourth of July , Memorial < lny
and Washington's birthday , Thanksgiving
day is OHO of the four distinctively American
festivals , but though distinctively American
the sentiments that inspire them Thanks
giving day , faith ; Washington's natal day ,
hero worship ; Memorial day , love ; and the
Fourth of'July , patriotism are common to
all peoples of the earth , nnd only for excel
lent reasons of our own have wo selected the
times -whey wo ourselves shall celebrate
these universal feelings.
Tlio Thanksgiving day sentiment is indeed
a far dosccndcd one , it being an inheritance
from the llrst races of manUindof the elation
thpy felt over nature's yearly largess the
American Indians and ether barbaric trlbos
having to this day ceremonies of their own
in celebration of autumn's bounty. As a
spirit of reliirlon dovcloped this feel
ing grow into a worship of deities
that were supposed to preside over the
crops , like the beautiful goddesses Demeter
of the Ureoks nnd Cores of the Homans ; and
still later whoa mythology had been cast
off , remnants of the same idea remained in
the "harvest homes , " and similar , though
differently named , festivals of all nations
when the praln garnered nnd the fruit
heaped up , merry mailings and dances went
on beneath the rays of the harvest moon.
IJut It remained for that little band of Ply
mouth pilgrims to give a spiritual signifi
cance to those gala times to provide a fit
ting soul for so fair a body , an act eminently
In conformity wlU this religious people ;
while the American nation at lariro , many
decades later , widened this feeling into ono
of natl&nal Import , so that this week in
stead of flfty-ilvo people observing it. as was
the case la Plymouth 273 years ago , 07,000- , ,
000 arc participants in its good cheer.
The first official Thanksgiving of which
there Is uny record in this country was
again a Massachusetts affair and the procla
mation was issued in the Massachusetts
Hay colony for October 10 , lOil : ! . Other
ofllcial occasions of a similar kind arc
registered as occurring in 1010 and In 1051 ,
and from then on until 10SOlien Iho form
of the recorded proclamation indicated that
'it had become an annual custom.
The 1'lrst hy Gcoreo.
The first Thanksgiving day proclamation
ever issued by a president was signed by
George Washington In 1780. The original is
in the possession of Kov. .T. W. Wcllman.
who inherited it from his grandfather ,
William Uiploy of Cornish , N. II. This
proclamation was issued by request of both
houses of congress , through their Joint com
mittee. The text of the proclamation follow
ing the preamble Is :
Now , therefore , I do recommend and as
sign Thursday , the 'JOlli day of November
next , to bo devoted by the people of thcso
states to the service of that great and glori
ous Doing , who is the bcnlflccnt author of
all the good that was , that Is , or that will
be. That wo may then all unlto in reader-
ing unto Him our sincere and humble
thanks for His kind care and protection of
the People of this Country previous to the r
becoming a Nation ; for the signal and mani
fold Mercies , and the favourable interposi
tions of his Providence In the Course and
Conclusion of the late War ; for the great
Degree of Irnnqvnlity , Union and Plenty ,
which wo have since enjoyed ; for the peace
ful and rational Manner In which wo have
boon enabled to establish Constitutions of
Government for our Safety and Happiness ,
and particularly the national ono now lately
Instituted ; for the civil and religious Liberty
with whlcli wo are b'.cssod , and the means
wo Imvo of acquiring and diffusing useful
knowledge ; and in general , for all the great
and various Favours which ho hath .been
pleased to confer upon us.
And , also , that wo may then unite in most
humbly offering ouv Prayers and supplica
tions to the great Lord nnd Ifulerof Na
tions , and beseech him to pardon our
National and other Transgressions ; toon-
able us all , .whether la public or private
Stations , to perform our several and rel.v
tluo Duties properly and punctually ; to ren
der our National Government a Ulchslug to
all the people , by constantly being a govern
ment of wise , just and Constitutional Laws ,
directly and faithfully executed and obeyed ;
to protect and guide all Sovereigns and na
tions ( especially such as hnvo shown kindness -
ness to us ) , and to bless them with good
Government , Peace and Concord ; to promote -
mete the Knowledge and Practice of trno
Hellxion nnd Virtue , and the Incrcaso of
Science among thorn and us ; and generally
to grant unto all Mankind such a degree of
Temporal Prosperity as ho ulono knows to
bo best.
Given nador mv Hand , at the City of Now
Vm-ir ihn third Day of October , in the year
of Our Lord Ono Thousand. Sovcn Hundred
and olghty-nlno. G. WASHINGTON.
The Thanksgiving proclamations issued
since the time of "G , Washington" have
usually been less elaborate.
From Washington's tlmo down to Lincoln
the custom was intcrmlttlngly followed.
IJut only since JSiS can Thanksgiving bo
said to have been a llxod and universal
American custom , and la that year the gov
ernors of the different southern states united
with their eastern brother onlclals in issu
ing Thanksgiving proclamations , and thp
example sot by Lincoln in 1803 of issuing a
Thanksgiving proclamation suggesting the
lost Thursday in November as an appropriate
day bos been followed since without break
by every occupant of the presidential chair.
Ilio Wny We Celebnile.
Ot Thanksgiving rites as such there are but
few In existence. In this country the day
has always been presumably of a religious
nature ; and great is the horror frequently
expressed at Its latter day deterioration ,
Hut it is n fact that oven in the Purltnnlo
records of the season more mention is inado
of the feasting than of the prayer presum
ably because ( ho latter may have been suu-
posed to bojilways _ with them. Nowadays
tlio religious part of thn day falls somewhat
Into the background , The church congrega
tions on that morning are so slender as to
call for "union meetings.1 People must
hurry homo to dinner , and still more lately
the inarch of athletics is pushing even tlio
dinner aside , and the outdoor sports of the
day are the things that take up the time
and the attention of the generality of tlio
pooiUo ,
nfiut still the homo gatherings are kept up
and the turluy , too cranberry sauce , and
that pride and Joy of the Now England
heart , the pumpkin pio. are bronchi on the
board each year to. celabrato the return Jo
the annual festival Bf Thanksgiving.
It was Whlttier who wrote :
Ah ! nn TlKinktglvinK duylion from cast and
f i oin wust ,
KIOIII north and from south coino the pilgrim
and guust ,
Wliun the gray i nlred Now EiiKlmidor seca
round his bouril
The old hiokon llnlcsot nlToctlnn rcslorecl , '
\Vhun Iho euro wuuilcd IIKUI sucks his mother
once more ,
And the worn nmtroii smiled where the girl
hinllud boforu ,
WlKit moistens the lip , what brightens the
oju ?
What culls back the past lllco the rich pumpklu
plo'c
Xr.KUTItW.lfiUTUS. .
Drawbaugh , the telephone inventor , has
nntentcd an electric counter scale , which ,
after weighing an article automatically ,
puts ic In a paper bag.
Tlio Cataract Construction company at n
recent meeting closed a contract with Slow-
art & Co. of St. Louis for the construction
of the Immense electrical power housoat
N laguni Falls , and the work will bo com
menced immediately.
A resident of New York has Invented an
electro-hydrogen clear lighter. The gas Is
mnUa by nu electric battery and collected In
an inverted Jar which holds sulllcloin gas to
burn ten or 11 ft eon minutes. A push button
opens a gas rock nnd at the sumo tlmo
causes an electric spark to bo generated ,
which ignites the gas.
At the close of tlio year I81U there were In.
SwlUsrlnml & 3H electric lights run by water
fall power , flftv-thrco plants for electrical
transmission of power , 121 accumulator or
r.torago batteries and 1,050 , ether dynamos
and electro-motors. The number of lu-
canOcsceut lamps run by moans of water
power was IIO.UM , and of are lamps 0,710.
The supply of tolcgniph nnd telephone
poles appears to bo giving out. Cedar makes
the bc4t pole , but the consumption of these
lias been so great that of late years chestnut - <
nut has been largely used , but these are also I
becoming scarco. A good chestnut polo I
thirty-two feet long is worth from 1 to M. I
Ihey are scarce ut that. The cost of I
poles now equals the cost of wlro and labor ]
on a line , and a fowmore will usoup tnosup-f
ply of chestnut.
The Manchester. Hnp. , Courier says ; Thu
expiration of various American patents Is
expected to give a great Impulse to electr- ) ]
cai engineering , alnco a practical monopoly !
\\ill thereby noon coma toun end. U Is under-f
stood tluit certain London linns arn prepar-1
Ing to Kiipply Incandescent lamps at a inuohl
cheaper late than that atprqscnt oxlsilnfr.l
At the sumo tiino a gentleman interested in I
electrical enterprises says that thai
public will be by no means a certain galnerJ
by the lowering of the price , 'J he old lampal
were excessively dear , but tho.y seldom Roll
outof order. The danger with their suc-J
ccssor.1 will bo that ropalrs will bo necessary 1
at very short Intervals. According to our j
Informant , no great cheapening of oluotrlot
lighting , combined with ofTccllyt'iiuss , can 4
bo expected for soiuo time to coino , Various !
problems uonnucied with storage have tlrst
to bo solved , and the oxpo-ts do not acorn
much nearer their explanation than they *
wcro ilvo or six years au'o.
In tlio last issue of the Electrical World
rofcrcnro Is inado to n scries ot calculations
intended to determine the cdlclencius ol coal
and electric stoves forcooltliiK , nnd although
tlio calculations nro nccosnanly only very
crude , they are of some interest. The cooU-
Ing ulllclonoy , that is the ratio of Iho heat
used in cooking to the total heat In Iho coal ,
was founil to bo tlirco hundrcilths of 1 per
cent. Adding to that tlio heat used in liuat-
Ing the water in Iho articles themselves ,
as well as that for washing , the total all day
offlclenoy was found to bo 4.2 percent. Prof. 1
Tyndall obtained 0 per cent. Similar calcula- I
tlons are mtulo for an olcctrio stove to do I lit ]
same work , and it Is found that as far as 1
actual cooking Is concerned olo'ilricul cook
ing is about 1U per cent cheaper , but It be
comes 95 per cent moro expensive if thp
water is also heated , lleutlns , ' the wattr in
a coal boater Is therefore- suggested , which
will have an cdlclency of SO per cent , ana j
then do the cooking in nn electric stoYCj. InJ
which case thera will bo practically no dlttor-J
dice la ontclency , In conclusion it Is stated !
that the electric oven is bound to come.
Llttlo pills for great Illi : DeWitl's Uttli
( Carly UUer .
