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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (July 23, 1893)
t , ' 10 THE OMAHA DAILY lilUE : SUNDAY , ' , TUrAr 28 , 1893-S1XTEKN PAOKS. LAKE DISTRICT 'STATESMEN ' A Peopln Z6alon ly Tenacious of Their Tiny FoKUtaions. * UNBHOKEN CUSTOM OF NEVER "HIVING OFF" A. Vl.lt to Their Stone-Unlit llnhlUltont- , Annlitnt Fnr'nltnrr nnil IHriuINV Cln of 1'eople Urmitril lijr tlm llaruiin In I'cuilnt Tlinci. Kr.sniOK , Kiip. , July 10. | Corrcspondonco of'I'liK Ilp.c.l The llr.it tlino I ovur saxr n pe.vwhtof the English lake aistriot that nplcntllil twrlloti of England strewn with mountains , swuvs , fells and lulls anil RCmnicU vrltli countless lakes , comprising the shlrci of Cumberland , Westmoreland nnil the northoni part of J > ancashirovns In company with a personal fr'cnd ' of John Hmklti , Mr. A. M. Eraser of Scott street , 'Annan , Scotland , who lives among his tfricnds ana books not a stone's throw from > \heroJnno Welsh C.irlilo'a youttiful Ideal lover , the gentlest soul that Scotland o\er know , noble , saintly Edward Irving , was Iwrn , It wai a pray , grisly , growsomo day , when the mountain mists llko gigantic bullying Balls were pounding back and forth between tin1 mountains of Scotland and Cumbctland , now and then In their Happing concussions Hinging shcoU ot sUntlni ; rain from tholr heavy folds , which tliowlmi Instantly caught up and swept stinglngly against the baio- headed , baru-breasted and bare-lcggud Ush ers of the Inadcn-colorod ilrth. On th KiiRlltli Slilo of tlm nolwny. My frlund hud to do with the railway ; iorv- leu ; took i no to the Aiiimn station ynnl ; so- ouieda liuiro xhuiiUiig eiiglno wltn stoker and drlter forour use ; wo were soon reeling and crashing across the grout Annan brldgo connecting Scotland \\itli England { iptid our Htr.ingo conveyance for sightseeing among peasantry at last halted with ho.mo chal lenges boncatli tlm gny and echoing crags vrhcro , on the English sldo of tlio Solway , tiny , stone huilt Hcmiicss looks out upon Scotland ana the Hi th , just where , nearly 1 ! , < XK ) ye.irs ago , the great wall of Koman Sen Ins came tonnond bi'cnuso of the un- coiKiui-rablo Qaello hordes of the wild , bar baric north. K\orylhlng In and about this gray llttlo neat upon the heights ubo\o the Solwav seemed of o\crlasttng stono. The rough , half stairs , half sticot leading up to and through the hamlet , was of stone. Tno few huddled structures were of atbno ; rude stone window-ledges , oacs , gargoyle gutter-spouts and all. The little cliapol was llko a hugo , unshapen mossy innis of stone protruding from a .shapeless muss of stones. The choked yard surround ing It was enclosed by n .stono wall huge enough to hiivo been loft by Hadrinn him self , and the huddled grave stones soemud llko jagged , half-dcravcd tooth of stone which /or centuries had gnashed at and been gnashed by olnniontq as hard as stono. The sparse soil , showing between the stone road way and the stone houses , nnd hero and tliero cropping up between house and bjie or paddock and wall , was thick and Hint/ with stono. And oven tlio hard faces of the low old , old diimcs now and then seen peer ing at us from the tiny Ingle netil ; windows of stone were as sot and llxixl and vacuous us uncuned stone. , At 0110 ludow wu saw the face of a harily man past inlddlo niro , and wo straightway . knocked at Ills wide , low door ana woio bid- ilon to enter. Among these humble folk the turning of strangers at anv time or hour is not reckoned nn intrusion , but rather < u pleasure : and there are no bojta or Ipclis upon the doors of any \ > oasant's habitation * in all this English Alpine country. Thov are trustful and simple mid good in the face of all friendly approaches , but hard and dreadful as their own mountain scaws and II' lolls where wrong Is found beneath friendly II | nddrcsscs. A'Typn of I.ilko Dlntrlot I'cnoniitry. We had conio simply to see and talk ; but It mattered not what our coining was for ; mid the did man pave welcome as statolily as a loid. As my friend rngagcd him In con- vcisatioa in dialect and topic common to the region , I sat nnd studied this old man and his picturesque environment , eager to more fully know , as time nnd many wanderings among the lake disti let peasantry have since given liniplo opportunity , of the stult and stock of which such imposing human frames nre made , and the influences of the centuries ilmt have given to ignorant men and women , most remote from Uio activities of other men and tilings , such a uomhous , loft } and al most indefinable calm. This man was a universal typo of the lake distiict peasantry. Ho was much more than BK | feet In height , and us ho moved about the largo , low room , his head Just escaped the hufeo oaken beams of the celling. His hair was soft , silken and bountiful ; ilaxcn where the silver had not yet conid ; and with his full , line board suggested a strain of the old Noise blood. His forehoaa WHS hiirh , wide , white , His u.\obious woro-bushy , but line mid llossy , above largo oycs of lustrous light , blue , deep sot , steady and almost mournful .In their giuo. Thu nose was Rtrpngly cut , tiul.v classic ; and the mouth wai ) large , but olmrnoterftil and linn. This nort of a head sol upon a huge and perfect frame , stout as the tlnibers'of his conturies- old { habitation gavp a man who looked htralghtutjoun IKJWCC that maduyou , do- npHo joursclf , look itnught at him in iro- turn. I have found other such frames and faces among the fishers of the English west coast , at Coldlngliam , bulow the Firth of Forth , among the Highland crofters , umong the potty "lairds" of the Shetland Islands , and not a fowainong the mountain peasantry of Inlshowon , round about Sliovo Snaght. in the north of Ireland , and 1 h.ue wondeied if their endless communion wlthnatuio In her 111eadful moods , as well as itholr lives of danger and deprivation , had not to do with tompoiiug the light of tholr kindly oes with the changeless look of mournful resig nation which is sot then ) us if with a graven Rp.il UIKJII them. Hut I have over found humble men llko these sturdy , tender , gra\o underlie. Interior of the r ii > nnt'i Home. The Interior of this Cumbrian peasant's houio was us churactorlstlo and line as tlio appoar.mc'o of Us slmcly old possessor. The lingo room whine wo sat was tlio "llio houso" or living room of the tublthtion. * It H8 fully eighteen fcot wide nnd twenty-five fuel long. All the door and window case ments , tlio cullingboams nnd the timburs about the flroplavo had boon hewn out of ioli.l oak. The lloor was of the s.uno hugo ahito slabs as the roof , and these \\ero so clean from scrubbing that they ahoiio llko dusky minors beneath your feot. There wcro many windows , no two In range , all llt tlo and splayed Inwardly , the sides of each of tholr stone : iporturo.s as whlto as snow ; ami the saali of each was half hidden by milk- white muslin. Hugo sotlles of oak with llooco orphint/-onilasi'd covois were rangcil along the low whlto walls. Inonocorner , its fiu-ti yellow with ago , solemnly Urlccd nn Bight-day flock , Us clumsy friimo built Into the two abutting wnlU. In thoi-entcc of the room was a long , strong table with hugo log * , cross-pieces nnd braces , worn and pol ished from use : and Its great ago was plainly told In oiio-hatf Its length bolng provided , as I have found entiiu tables in the peasant homos of lirlttiuiy , with t > < | univ , oral and circular depressions , In which ttio food of the children and hinds was served perhaps UK ) yuars ago. whou ovou pottery was a luxury , anil only the peasant master , his .Kdtonud the older soui and daughters know . . .3-u o pf the rud\t ( doltt. More curlouti than all el BO was the entire lido of the "flro loom , " containing the tiro- place , In which , though our vli.lt was in mid- luninier , there was a cheery , comfortable blaze. A hugo arch sustained the bowrd cottage jYAll. This itouo urcljras really the bapa of the chimney. In iti router was the open fireplace hung about with chains , hooks ami crunai , and at cAoh aldo was a narrow splayed window , llko thojo of a oaitlo turrot- tiny outlook * from thli puaa ( tut fortnlkH ) of a anuggory ; and the dark mouth of the chimney above must hare been early six feet acron. I have found tliu auio odd arrangement In the cottages of oln oUchuns in the il brid , In the Scottish JUihlunJt. i id in the auclent. half deserted wroaver * ' vllligo of Uattonilde , near Mel- roi , boalde the Tweed. The slate * of the Poor la front of tbl * ttmplac * wer decor ated with grotesque ) flRiirrs nnd nosl ni , ono of No ih's dove , and scroll work In o hro and vermilion chalk , an unlvnrsM homcsldo cus tom unions Uio lake district poisintry. The chairs were husro nnd high and of oak The huroMlis and dressers , qmlntly decor ated with shining powtcr nnd stnxngo old. bits of chlnawaro , w ro hl tf. narrow and sprawlIng-lcggcd , and all of mahogany. The beds for ono for the house master occupied a corner of the room-woro high , hugo and strong rnou/jh / for the repose of giants and were of .strangely carved oak. leeim 1,1 kn n. Urraiu of .Swert Olil Out from this ainplo living room extended vistas "lean- Inviting through lovr-coillngotl - tos , " each ono doubtless built In a different century and each provided with many tiny windows with deep casements , through nhlch could bo caught a glint of blosaom , a spniy of follago or tlio llchenecl gray of some ancient structure ; thn wholoa droim of sweet old ago. centuries-old , rooting to tlio very rocks of the hills , endless content and unbroken repose. No wonder is it that the heart of the wundoror , when coming upon scenes llko this , for the moment thrills with longing to end his pligrtmlngs and Dido for aye whcro the bitter struggle of life may no morn come within such winsome , storm- dof.vlng walls ! 'J Ills plcturo of n slnglo peasant home at Uowncss-on-Holway Is ono of OV MI tone with thousand ! ) of others , from the Scottish Dordor down through the mountain ditles and passes of the grand lalto district , across Cumberland nnd Westmoreland , past More- catubo bay , almost to the Hhcr Luno , In Lancashire. lt I'niinnnt Owner U'uii n "Sliilnuniin. " That ono word l the key to his splendid self-poise , tils simple , strong nature , and to the ninplo comfort and llxodness of his en vironment. It Is true of them all. Those " 'statesmen" aio ponsants absolutely pos sessing the soil whichlhoy till. There is no tuft pulling , head ducking or knee cringing among such as these in England or any other country. In the ancient fcudi.l times the barons were often In sere stress to rcpol the Scottish border incursions' of to make equj'ly ' barbarous forays of their own. To proviso retainers who would light to the death for these barons as well us tholr own mountaln-sldo , rock-hown cabins , It was found a wise thlnt' to pat col out thu lands in tiny bits to hirelings , and these villein re tainers were in time enfranchised. They wcro only bouudcn to their llego lords for military service In dofcnso. When feudalism passed a\\uy luo villein hind owtiots re mained treomcu and possessors in fee of the llttlo "estates ; " hence ' "statesmen , " the noblest peas intry of all Europe , and a won- droiis though singularly unheeded oxumplo to the remainder of Hrfluln in its endlessly petploxing agrarian problems. In no other iHirtlon of England , unless it bo In the quaint old stono-btlllt villages among the Malvorn nnd Cotswold hills , has there been so llttlo change as in the English Al pine region. Buttwo faint nrteilcsof travel thread through It. One is a railway from ancient Ponrlth to Worklngton on the Irish sea The other is the most picturesque coach load in Britain. It leads from Kcswiolc , whcro the shrine of Southey is found , past lordly Holvellyn , the mountain monarch of the region , nnd mystic Dnnniail Hiisu , through Clr.istucrc , where DeQuinoy lived and Hartley Coloridgo and Wordsworth sloop side by side , on past Ko al Mount and quaint old Aniblesldo with its cherished memories of Harriet Martlncau , Christopher North and Dr. Arnold , to Wlndcrmero and the little Bounessof Westuiorolund. where the kindly f.ico of Mrs. Heninns seems pressed against o\ery roso-embowored window pane. So , but iv little walk through any mountain pass away from these thoroughfaics and jou will como to tlio undent stone built " 'states men's" homes , and nearly the same manner of peasant mountain life as existed hundreds of i oars ago. Wordsworth was bom among this folk. Ho engagingly speaks in this wise of their iiiountiiin-sido humtittigns : "Henco buildings , which In their very form call to mind thojirocossosof nature , do thus , clothed in part with u vegetable garb , appear to bo recchetl into the bosom of- the living princi ple of things , us II acts and exists among the woods ami Holds , " iof Structure Common to All. flnd a detached and isolated habitation. Fiom u halt dozen to a sooiii will croodlo together In some pookoty dell , huddle beneath the frowning bight of a dreary scaw'netlo along the sldo of foaming ghyll , eioucli closely together In the tangled voi-duro of some narrow pass , or stand like a elump of mossy looks bcsldo some shadowy unlnnil , jarn. Wherever founil , , rainy of their peculiarities are common to all. You willalwajslind thorn beneath the shade of lofty sicamoro trees ; and when the loaves of these or gone , there is always near the cottage the green of the ilr-trco to gladden the eyes in winter. I do not believe thoto is a peasant's homo In the entire lake district wlioro the wlmpllng sound of near running water Is not endlessly heard. ' The orchards are largo and bountiful. The stout-walled irardens arc splendidly kept and fruitful. Theio are always comfortable stone outbuild ings for eattlo ; walled and covered sheep folds to withstand the most oitilc&s mountain tempests ; invaiiably a tidy stone shed for the nuuv hives of Dees which distill from the mountain heath the sweetest htmiy"in Knglandnnd ; in summer time'ovory ' eottago wall is a mass of flaming rosos. Every ono of these habitations is a museum of ancient house utcJisils. The oldest ono known to man , the quern , is hero ; all Imple ments of the hand \ve.a\cr and spinner are hero ; the antique "fulling" boards are bora ; and I have as oftcmfound in these habitaions the mother , that most ancient of Gaelic and Celtic drinking vessels , as I have como upon them In the cabins of Hebrides or the west of Ireland. Too Snililcn to Ha Hol toroiu. When folk have stood 'still so long and have so steadily fended ull change tlloy usually furnish most interesting studies in their daily lives , customs and foil : lore , and i ot these people are singularly lacking in any strongly marked piuturcsqtioncss usido from that found In their unyielding tenacity to the homo und actual ou-ni'rslifp of the soil'their universal thrift and integrity and their almost soddonncssof culm and roposo. Tboy were never a boisterous , loystoring folk , and to this day the dalesmen of ono valley may have no acquaintance with or Knowledge of those of another valley , unlossnho huddled homes of the latter happen to lie along the mountain road loading to the neatest market town. Partly accounting for this is the un- Droken custom of never "hiving off. " People of the same blojd and family name occupy ontlro districts and aio sufllciont unto thom- solvos. This occasions grotesque iiomcnola- mro"nf tdoulillcaUou. Ono is known as Joule o' t' Scow ; another , .lorn o' t1 Kigg ; another , Miles o' t1 Heck ; another. IJa'rrow-bauk't fbontbackrd ) Ilo.ib ; another , Fr.itchin ( qu.xrrolsomo ) Nod , and still another , Hispol ( mlschloMius ) Hilly. These tire ull likely to bo heads of families and gravoold men. The names cumo along with thorn from bojhood and every ono accepts his noljhboihood designation us ho does his in- cro.iso of chlldicn or Hooks und herds , in dignified thouh ; prideful content. Monui Illttliiatltu Ancluiit ( Jiutoius. Some othordlstinctivounclcntciistoms are still found in the remoter districts. The "watching" of the dead , almost identical in manner with the Irish wako , Is universal. Courting Is facilitated bj the household re tiring , after putting out the llgh.s , nnd loiv- ing the "font" or lovesick couplu upon the > 'long sottlo" of the "m-o mom" to their hearts' contain , at which modern delicacy may stand aghast ; but this manner of mat ing proves sturdy and truo. Funerals fur- tilsh heroic feasts. At a few of the moun tain towns llhlrln' " still survhoj. when the maidens who wish to nngago nt icrvico stand In groups ul the market ulare ; but they w ill no longer hold in their hands the wisp of straw , which was the olden bndgo of servitude , On Shrove Tuesday the boys still ferociously pluy "Uoggnrly Scot , " a gumo basinl on the fora ) s of the old time bordeiers. "Shaklng-lwttlo , " containing a decoction of llcoileo und water , is common with nil children on May day. Kurn-win- nlng , or the Harvest Homo festivity , con tinuvs Rtnornl. Youthful "paco-cggors" ap pear a tortnlght before Easter , sometimes in gnitosquo ujstumrs , und carol dumands for colored eggs , which nro never refused , The vmithsof the district will not heat Iron or strike nail on Good Friday , In memory of the nulls used In the crucifixion ; and that beautiful old custom of "rushooirlng" or . strewing the church with flow on on it * patron saint' * day , * urvlves only In this almost idjlllo and wholly pastoral region Mnlilitim Huge-but r lr of Korm Hint Face. The lafie district maiden * are hugo of frame and fair of form ana face , splendid "Jaol Jlcnce * " all , brave nlmo t to forward- nuts in tholr free , tine ipirlt and fearless , unconscious ways. I think they are the most outspoken tualda of undpubiod vlrtuo J ever knew , Returning one o > eutng with a ' tateuian and several of hi * faiaily from a lay's lalwr nt charcoal burning on Wasilalo fell , nt which I had nsaistod , the ' tntcsmim father , noticing that his daughter and myself - self were chatting gayly together , Jocularly leased her with : "Look oot o' thyssrl' , Hotly , or thoo'l ga sonsy wl' th1 grndloy wrltln' mnnl" "Ho'd l' nofso on tho' , fnddor , wil' lo'l" ho answered him quickly. Then she stoppwl scjuarcly In thn mountain path bosldo mo and looking mo Ihrouah and through with her honest oycs ot gray * , said almost sol emnly : "I'd ink von ( ono , him ) ns t' stnus , fndder If t' ha' nn Itherl" I told her quickly ns I could , nnd rather bluntly , I uin afraid , that I wa not In u po sition to carry so much of vnluo o tot the nko country. The "faddor" thought it nil a great go , and gurgllngl v rallied lior with , 'Ho pa th1 fair sncck-possott , Hotly I" [ literally the drink of ono turned from one's door ; the "cold shoulder. " ) Hut the girl ust trudged along mcasurculy nnd una- Kish d. the meanwhile .saying qulotly , nnd more to herself than to us , "Awocl , nwcoll t'fatrans'crho gautl Hut mn' V 's tin t' clean Ned o' Koslck. ( Perhaps , after nil , ho Is not what ho seems. ) What God's left oot wo cannot o' put In o'cn t' grndloy wrltin' man I" And with Ibis comforting rollectlon to nil , wo cimo into the pleasant dale below and to the welcome evening meal , the best of friends together ttimih Jj. W.VKEMA.V , , . j | .11UX1C.L1. .t.\t > nn.Ut.lTW. Alexander Salvlnl's next season will begin on September 18. Wilson Uarrott's Amnrlean tour next son- son will cover twenty-six weeks. Itohvlid Heed will open the Boston museum on'August ai with "Innocent us a I/imb.1 ' It Is proponed to hold n Scandinavian song tout turnout in Scotland during the next son- son , S. Q. Pratt , the well known composer nnd director. Is enjoying a four weeks' stay at tils old homo. Josslo U.irtlott Davis 1ms resigned from Lho "Uostonlans , " nnil announced that she has permanently retired from the profession. , The operatic debut of another American gill , Miss Adrlonno Osborn , nt Lolpslo last month In ' 'Mlgnon , " was ono of the sensa tions of the season. The Jnmc.3 Gilbert opera company has begun n season of Gilbert and Sullivan's opera In Boston. Carrlo Tutlon , tlio wlfo of Harry Popper , is the prima donna. James O'Neill ' will play next season la "Hamlot , " "Utohcliou , " "Mouto Cristo , " "Fontcnollo , " and "Don Carlos do Seville , " u romantio drama founded on the rlso ot the Moors in Spain under the rolgn of Philip ll. Slg. Manoinollt , the celebrated Convent Garden conductor , has resigned his post of lirector of the music nt the Hoyal Opera liouso. Madrid , in outer to accompany the Joan do Uoszko party to Chicago in Soptotn- bor. bor.Tho The newest thing in the way of "com bines" is an actors' union. There has been formed at Now York a national alliance of theater employes , who ha\o leagued them selves together for the purpose of mutual protection. McKee Ilankln has written n now piny. It is called "Tlio Baxters , " and Is in thrco acts , scone being laid in northern Ohio , at President Garilohl's old homo. Mr. and Mis. McKee Kankin will use it during the season of lbOI-18'Jo. Some of the best and prettiest coryphees in the American Extrnvaganra company's coipsdo ballot , now appearing in "All Baba" at the Chicago opera house , are Chicago girls who have been trained in the regular ballot school maintained at that theater. Miss Lillian Hussoll w 111 disband her opera company in about thrco weeks. Sbo is now presenting "Li Clgalo" at the Columbia theater , Chicago. After this season Louis Harrison will retire from the operatic stage and Mr. IIadon Collln will roturu to Eng land. The duke of Bedford has decided not to renew the lease on urury uauo theater , butte to tear it down. The neighborhood has gone steadily downward in tlio 'J30 years since the theater was founded. Much regret is ex pressed ever the proposed removal of the ancient landmark. The theater no longer pays and the duke of Bedford is tired of helping out the lessees. Last year tils own loss was ? ir > ,000. Dt. H. S. Perkins will conduct the musical exorcises at Clour Lake park , In. , July 34 to 30. assisted by Mrs. Kagna Linno , soprano ; Miss Hattie E. Brush , contralto ; the Chicago Lady Quartet , ; Miss Jennie Shoemaker , dra matic roauor , and Mrs. J. M. Emory , pianist , all of Chicago ; tbo Masonic quartet of Minn eapolis , and the Haydn Concert club of Do Pauw univoisity , Groeucastlo , Ind. A con cert will bo given each evening and two Sunday. Foimerly it was expected that every actor should pay all of his own expenses , except car fare , while on tour , but lately some of tbo leading men have insisted on a clause in thoircoiitracts that shall guarantee their stooping car accommodations as well ns transportation. > Tlio "utility" people , who receive from $10 to $15 n week , often travel nil night without sleep , except such as they can get sitting up , because they can not afford to hire berths. Among tin ; bolter companies every member takes care of himself - self nnd asks no favors of hotel men , but "fly-by-night" troupes usually put up together , and us they take the poorest rooms and sleep two and three in a room , they got reduced rates. Lists of cheap hotels and boarding houses are to bo found behind the scenes in nearly every tboater in the country for the guidance of the minor acton , and for the chorus and ballot. ' TUK 1'01/AO I'KOl'LE. A little girl. 13 years old , says the Boston Journal , was tola last year , Just before the Fourth of July , that her papa could not af ford to buy any Hroworks , but that she and Willie would have to watch the other chil dren. The small brother seemed quite resigned signed to tbo Inevitable , und oa the morning ot the Fourth marched across thu strOet to watch the other boys lire their torpedoes. But the little girl was not so easily satisfied. * She could not bollovo , ut first , that U was not all u Joke , and hunted all over the homo for bundles wliich might suggest firecrackers , but nil in vain. At breakfast nothing was said about uny tire works , und when she was fully convinced that ll was nol n joke at all , but real truth , und that they wore not to havAny firecrackers or torpedoes orrockots , she burst into tears , and said , between her sobs : "What do you think Samuel Adams and George Washington und John Adanu nnd John Hancock would say if they were nil vet" This was too much for the fond fatherwho loft ( ho tublo and wont out of the liouso , re turning about Iwo hours later with us many firecrackers , torpedoes , rockets , romaii can dles and tire balloons ns ho could carry. Small Son Mamma , I wish you'd buy mo a Hdd to. Mumnia You have no oar for music , and the nolies you would iniko would bo utterly unendurable. Small Son I won't play only w'on papa is ut home , cause then I think maybe ho'll buy mo u ntco bicycle ao I'll ' stop. Kdlth U at an ago when the problems of the world to come are just as Interesting as these of the world that Is. "Mamma , " said Bho thu other day , "what colored clothes do the nngols wear ! " "Whlto. my dear , Tsupposo. " ' Well , I wonder who does nil the laundry work. " * Mortlo was not allowed to play with sev eral children who had lately been sick with diphtheria. Ono day her mother saw her playing with n llttlo girl , nnd she asked : "Who is that chiliU" "It's a llttlo girl that hasn't ' got tho'therla or tlio smallpox , She hasn't got anything but fieckles. " * Little Brother Grown folits don't know ns much us they think they do. Little Slstor Why/ / Little Brother Mamma whipped mo yes terday , uiid said she gue sed that 'ud ' teach me n b-sson , and today I missed every lesson Jus' the same us bofore. * At the theater : . "Mamma , doesn't papa llko music t" "Yes , my child ; why do you askl" "Ho always goes out between the acts , when tha band plays , " There nro tnrco linn ? * worm saving- Time , Trouble and money and Da Witt's Little Early IlUors will save thorn for you. These llttlo pills will s ivo you timr , us they act promptly , They will save you trouble ns they cause no pain. They will SHVO you money us they economize doolor't bills. Sinro 1840 the world's production of moat has Increased 67 i > or ocnt , that of grain 120 per cent. DOUGLAS Cflit ] ROADWAYS The Bad Results of Losing Roada oa Soo- tion > Llnc3 , AN ILLOGICAL AND RUINOUS SYSTEM 3 " In Which the 1'iibltm OBort "Wan Siicrillcod In th Intnrrit of > I'rdporty Orrnrri J'o t anil Adr&iWgtKf of Con- lloncli. II. Mankind only settles into the right course after passing through and exhausting nil the varieties of errors , Fontnnollo. In tlio first article of this Borioa I stated Hint "wo can uovor Imvo good roads in thia county until wo nbnmlon our present illogical nnd ruinous system of locating roads , and adopt un intolll- gent system based upon common sense and principles. " Tlio present system of' ' locating roads may bo best explained by quoting from the laws of Nebraska. Section cliaptor 78 of tbo Compiled Statutes of tbo State of Nebraska for tbo year 1891 reads as follows : The section lines are hereby declared to bq public roads In oaoh oounty in tills state , nnd the county board of such county may , whenever the public peed requires it , open such roads without any preliminary survey nnd cause them to bo worked In the same manner as other public roads ; proUded , that any damages claimed by reason of the opening of any such road shall bo npmalsed and.allowoi ns nearly as practicable in man ner hereinbefore provided. To the uninitiated this may scorn like a wonderfully ninplo and direct method of disposing of n grout question. To the man who is compelled to use the roads and to the taxpayer who is obliged to pay for their improvement nothing could bo moro costly , more ruinous or moro stupid. It is not diilloult to find the cause for this piece of legislation. It was a simple way of treating the demand that then existed for public roads , requiring as it did no expense in making surveys , no knowledge of the first prinoiplos of road building and meeting with no opposition from the private property holder. Tiiblla Good Mnorlflcoil. Indeed it would seem that the interest of this latter class of individuals was the paramount consideration that controlled ana produced this ronmrkaUlo bit of leg islation. For _ though the private property holder is always desirous of securing a good road from his homo to market ever the best route obtainable , yet im mediately the road , touches h.Is land ho insists that hero nt < least ! boundary lines must bo followed , njgurdloss of natural obstacles or tbo convenience of tbo pub lic. The inevitably result of this con tention is the onactiiiutH of such a law ns has been quoted , f. It is questionable whether there is any single law on our books that is productive ! of greater loss and waste , direct nod .indirect , to the community at lar o than this unfortu nate road act. On a d4ad level prairie there are still serious defects in u system of roads located exclusively on section linos. But when thb rsurfaco of the country becomes hilly. ! and broken the obstacles encountered .by section line roads are so serious as to render such a system a piece of extravagant folly. These are precisely the conditions mot with In Douglas oonnty. The surface of tno country from the" Missouri to the Elkhorn is broken , by the Pnpillion crooks and their tributaries linto an in terminable series of ridges and depres sions. < H ' The immediate result , therefore , of locating roads on the section lines is in crossing a single divide , not to climb ono hill as nature dictated , but to climb and descend u series of hills , sometimes multiplying the dimculties pf transport many times , nlwayri increasing them ab normally. Tliis , then , is the worbt de fect in the section line road. It is ditli- cult to underestimate the actual disad vantages encountered , for the moro ono studies the question the moro glaring become the defects. There are many other defects and in order that they shall all receive duo consideration lot us dibcuss the possibilities of improve ment in our clay roads regardless of ar tificial surfacing. Later on the question of artificial surfacing shall receive duo consideration. Thorn Are Two Ways in which wo may secure improved nat ural clay or earth roads in Douglas county. 1. Wo may improve by grading and draining the roads twat wo now havo. 2. Wo can purchase the right of way for now roads on carefully selected routes , nnd place them in lit condition for travel by grading ; draining placing bridges , culverts , etc. In writing on this subject in the future I shall speak of these latter roads as "correctly located roads , " that term being - ing supposed to include everything dictated by knowledge and experience in the matter of road location. It ia now our business to consider , first tins cost of the two systems , second their relative values. ll is no easy matter to estimate ac curately the cost of improving section line roads , for the reason that no de tailed record has boon kept of county funds expended upon them. Thu best that can bo done is to make an approximation with the aid of such data as are at hand. After having ex amined numerous profiles of typical roads I believe that the following state ments are not far from tlio truth. First As rogarTls tootion line roads. A. The mean gradients of the suction lines taking the bills and levels ns they come in tholr original state will' fall somewhere between Ivb nnd seven foot rise per 100 foot horizontally. B. These grades eh'Wvl > 6 reduced by an excessive amount of cutting and filling to a mean gradient , * Itl'Jsomo ' cases as as low asllporcont.-l&'ls ' howovorjraroly practicable to soclil'o' ' a moan gradi ent loss than four feotlor ! 100 for the reason that the quantity of earth to bo moved in cutting down-a hill increases with very much greater rapidity than the depth of the cuti ) soithat while a 0 or 7 per cent gfado may bo reduced - ducod to a 4 pen -x-ont grade at a reasonable cost , yotUfvb undertake to reduce it a little nfOPo , % ay to u 3 per cent grade , wo will 'lltill3 ' that the cost has increased nbnoi'/rialJy. / C. At present prices for grading it costs not much , if any , less than $1,600 per mile to bring Section line road tea a mean gradient of ! ij per cent. Second As regards Correctly located roads : A. The divide does not exist in Doug las county that cannot bo crossed by a road with no material increase of length with a moan gradient of 2 per cent ; and this with only ; light outs and filla. It will bo apparent , however , that such a' road intut bo carefully located , regardless ot section lines und like con siderations. I ) . By moans of a carefully designed , well executed system of roads , the mean gradient of all the- main highways of Douglas oounty taken together uoed not exceed 1 } per cent. To nocuru such a manifest advantage by grading the sec tion linen is wholly out of the question. 0. The cost of correctly located rondu is mainly the cost of condemning tlio right of wny. Klght ncros of land nro required for each mlle of road , sixty-six foot in width. Con of ( light of W jr. The average valno of farm lands in Douglas county is jrorhaps $75 jer acre. It would be n liberal appraisement to IHIICO the damages sultorod by land owners nt four tiiuos the value of the land taken. Wo may then estimate liberally the cost of right of way per milo as follows : $7i'x9x-l = $2,4l)0. The cost of grading nnd bridges would not exceed $1,000 per mile , or a total of 9.1,400 per mlle ns the cost of the new- roads. Appended is n table showing a sum- nmry of the above statement * * : 353. Rind of Ilond. If Is : 3 ' l : S Section line . . B-7 1,800 770 Concollslo - cntislroul . . i.s 1.5 1 110 It must bo berne in mind that the figure of $1,800 , per milo placed as the cost of boctlon line , roads represents not money that has been spent already , but money that must bo spent in the future in order to bring the roads to the final moan gradient of 'H per cent. The figures in the last column show the loads , including the weight of the wagon , that ono horoo can haul ever the two kinds of roads. ThobO are for aver age conditions und arojncant to indicate what a horse can do working full time , day after day , without injury to himself. For purposes of comparison they nro pet fectly reliable. So wo boo that at an additional cost of $1,000 , the dilToronco between $1,800 and & ) , JOO wo have so increased tlio vnluo of our roads as to enable the farmer to haul nearly 50 pel- cent heavier loads tliiin ho can now haul , and this gain will be wholly in produce , for the weight of the wagon need not bo much increased. Are there any other known means of road improvements by which equal re sults can bo secured for four or five times this cost ? fj The decreased cost of maintenance is another very strong argument in favor of correctly located roads , but this must bo loft with other considerations for a later article. CUUTJSS C. Tuuxnu. The "No. 0" Wheeler & Wilson Is a rapid stitcher ; sor.ipld that it will stitch thrco jjrds of goods while only two yards nro being stitched on any \ibr.itlng shuttle nm- ceinc. Sold by Goo. W. Lancaster & Co. , 514 S. 10th street. South Africa hna American locomotives. Southern Pacific locomotives will soon use for fuel bricks nmdo of coal dust and ; is- phaltum. From the American alee tree is mode thread , needles , jopos , cables , paper , clolh- iug , soap , sugar and brandy. To make 1,000 cuhio foot of illuminating gas eight pounds ot coal , costing 2 cents , andfour K.uloiisof naphtha , costing 12 cents , are requiied. Hussia is making such successful efforts In lucroi.3ini ; her cotton production ttial withiu live years she expects to raUo all that she needs for homo consumption. Poti oleum , wi.ich is popularly supposed lo bo derived from coal , is , according to ad vanced science , more probably the result of the action of water on metal. A writer in the UailvtayAgo states that in the six months ending Juno 30 there were ninoty-llvo dirtorent lines incorporated and 1,01-J.UG , miles of track laid In this country. A pneumatic tube conuecls Paris with Berlin. It Is used for postal purposes and makes it possible for a letter mailed in Paris to bo delivered in Berlin in thirty-live min utes. utes.A A now driving 'bolt has boon made in Franco by parchmouting the leather in stead of tanning it. The bolt does not stretch and is moro durable than tunned belts. Last year 3,750 persons sent In claims for the uinplo sugar bounty offered by the gov ernment. This year 11,1)50 ) persons are en titled to bounties , and they will receive in the aggieg.Uo about $70,000. The output of shoos from Now Kngland factories , according to conservative reckon ing , will foot up over 7OOoOJO pairs moro than turned out in the first half of lbW ! , and shipments are projiortionateiy greater. By irrigation 23,0011,000 acres are made fruitful in India alone. In Ugypt there are about 0,000,000 ucros and in Europe about 5,000,000. a ho United States have Just begun - gun the work of improving waste area and hive already about 4,000,000 acres of irri gated lands. For the first time in the history of the trade every plate glass factory in the United States U closed , nnd that indefinitely. Fully 10,000 men are Idle as a result. The depres sion is attributed to three elements , over production , n tight money markol and iho arbitrary methods of the plate glass trusl. Delegate representing the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen , Biothcrhood of Railway Trainmen , Switchmen's Mutual Aid association and Order of Uallray Conductors met in Pittaburg , Pa. , last week and formed a federation , the object of which Is mutual protection and aid. The Order of Hallway Telegraphers was not represented but will bo included In the now organisation , which , however , will not admit the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. No Antl-Pyrlne in Bromo-Solizer. Cures all headaches trial bottle 10 cts. I 130 f will cover the axponso of a trip from St. Paul to the YELLOW NORTHERN STONE VA , THE PACIFIC PARK RAILROAD This includes A LL neceaa&ry traveling oxponsoa , railroad , stuco nnd alooplngcar faros , moivla anil hotels for the complete TOUR OF THE PARK , Your trip to the World's Pair will not bo eomploto unless you also ( jo from there to the Yellowstone Pnrlc ( total expense nbout $ leO ) and view the wonderful things the Almighty hue plticed there for in an kind to BOO. No fluoh spot Is found olsowhora on earth. The Northern Pa cific is the direct line there. Send for " 0,000 Miles Through Won- dorliuid , " and our now map of the Park , CHA8. 8. FEE , 0 n r l l' onger AecDt , T.PAUL , MINN. 1 * They can't last long with us'at the price , and this is just the reason we have made the price $1.15 for the handsomest and-best Moquette Carpets made- LARGE RUGS'-from remnants of these goods , in a great variety of sizes , with borders , $1 per yard made up. It will pay you to see if we have one to fit your room. - . . Orchard < Dr. SEARLES & SEARLES PHYSICIANS. SURGEOMS AND SPECIALISTS Consultation Free. For the Scientific Treatment and Sound , Spcody and Permanent Cure of all classes , forms , phases and degrees of -CHRONIC , NERVOUS and PRIVATE DISEASES WoouroCatnrrh , All Diseases of the None , Thront.Choit , Stomach , Bowoli and. Liver. Blood. Skin nnd Kidney Dlioasei , Femnlo Wenlinomos , Lout Manhood CURED. ' ! / PH.ns. VISTULA , . I'lSSUllU , . punnanontly euro . J. v , Illiotil Uio imo of knlfo. lleitturo oroaimllc. All nul.ulli-H of iirh.ilu orilullu.ituuituru , of nltliur . . , BOX positively . oiitetl. 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M iur7 VM 4 H w trtilntal . for Ion of Tlt l pOw.r , rtrlUc tBtblvtoriill m f t > lr l 4 V hOMA kr coirnpoDd DO JUdlclo. . or UilrumtoM Mat br mtll . i XRIMI t our lr . ? Mkdl no utifct to U UoOBUitioMtaatr. ( ) n p r oa l Ul i ttw or f ir 4. Co iull Uo IIM. 0 H i oy4 uo * ttltl rtnit Book ( M/iUiUi el Uf Mai fit * . 0 > * borr mmM .
