20 TITR OMA1I/V / DAILY UEE : SUNDM , Al'UIL 2IJ , ISM-TWENTY MGES. LIFE IN RURAL ENGLAND Awaj from the Thunders of Mills and Clash of Oommorco. GLORIOUS GROUPINGS AND SYLVAN SCENES Altonmllnff riiUohooiU of .Modern 1'lctlun Ilegnrdlnc Anrlriit Vlllncrs nnil TliMr Folk ilniirnpyliif ; In Qimlnt HUI | Historic. d , IS03. ] LONDON , April 1U. [ Correspondence of Tnr. BEK. ] In my preceding article on Kugllsl. villages anil their folk 1 KJIVO sonu- account ot seven English villages , niul tlicso In merest outline. Seven huiulrctl Is truly nearer the number I have personally visited. Eich one could furnish through leisurely study , for hrusli or pen , abundant material for u winsome volume. Some writers would have us bcllovo that English villages wcro things of the past ; that rural England had completely gone to decay ; that the smoke of factory stacks hung like a pall over the remains of all that Ji mellow and old and peed ; that the thunders of the mills had drowned all till- clear old country sounds ; that commercial England , with html and cruel hand , had effaced almost the last vestlgo of the erst sweet and charming countrysides ; and.that brick and iron , stone and steel , co.il and Urumniagcm , varied now and then by noble man's demesne or gentleman's seat , were the characteristic features of an English landscape. r As goodly a proportion of English as American penplo have come to accept this as true. Hut it is astoundingly false , as any one who will really saunter , not rush , about England may know. Hooks arc largely responsible for this. English fiction , like American fiction , of from a half century to n century ago was replete with pictures of village life and character. When Charlotte Hrontu laid down her pen , and the labor of George Eliot who was to the early Vic * torlan ago , at least in degree , what Shakespeare - pearo was to the Elizabethan was done , mastership in this school of delineation scorned to cease. Neither America nor England has since produced a lasting work of fiction upon rural scenes and lowly folk. Novelists have wal lowed in altruism , psychological phenomena , subtleties of crime and its detection , hideous Balaclousncss , positive and comparative religion , the heroics of agnosticism and Inlldellty and in the shredded and be draggled warp and woof of ultraintonso metropolitan life. So those who rely on in telligent llction to reflect reality have felt that the English village alul its folk had surely passed away. Again , the great world of activities has como constantly to intelligent attention , through the press , the reviews and through statistical volumes , largely to the exclusion of the great underlying world of fact and scntinr.'nt. In America the stupendous af fairs and progress of our great cities have nlmost obliterated the memory of some of the sweetest old nooks In all the world the historic and beautiful hamlets of Now Eng land , of the eastern and even of the southern and middle states. Yet they arc all just as they once were , prettier and tenderer for their pensive-ness ahd increasing age. Here , similarly , everything is London. Leeds , llir- mlngham , Manchester , Liverpool , Hull and that host of practically new manufacturing towns and cities of Yorkshire and Lanca shire. The American commercial mind and the English commercial mind have heard for n quarter of a century of naught else than their Ingots and spindles , pottery and looms , fabrics and ships , lockouts and walkouts , depression and expansion and their tre mendous trade superlatives of every hard and harassing description. But the material and literary .fact still re mains that all the thousands of ancient English villages , and with not a half bun dred exceptions , are hero just as they were at thq beginning of the century , and just as wo have nored over them In the best old works of English fiction. Not only this , but hundreds of modern villages with winsome olden architecture in the habiliment of Elizabethan and oven earlier Tudor times , enriched with luxurious parking and Intelli gent floriculture , and windows lllled with ruddy English faces have been added to the mossier olden stock. Even in the congested districts of Lan cashire , Yorkshire , northern Warwickshire , Staffordshire and Shropshire , not an ancient village has passed from sight , save where a town or city has grown within and around It ; and , where factory towns arc so thick that clusters of chimney stacks crowd every acre of the horizon like giant spears above some mighty encircling camp , there between still stand the ancient hamlets , more witch ing for the grimy fellowship of trade , an tndless solace to eye and heart of thos > o who ceaseless toil. Therefore when the lively American who "does" England in a week tells us that the rural England of literature is no more , ho tells us what perhaps some Hyde Park era tor , railway station porter or traveling sales man has told him , but still something which ho docs not know ; and when the London lit erary dilettante falls upon and disposes of rural England in a single breezy magazine article or smart review , ho commits for a needed stipend of ten w twenty pounds little ihort of a literary crime. Such as these and better still all those who love the truly beautiful and winsomely picturesque In any land , without seeking Quixotic quests among political and social problems , should certainly pass at least one summer among English villages. Hundreds can bo found oven along the lines of rail way. Leaving these at any station , hi t-oacli , bv trap , upon bicycle , or more advan tageously and fuller of elation than all , 01 your own good legs , every line old hedge bordered highway will furnish you ai ustounuing revelation in every half-day's drive or walk , What wondrous Journoymgs into the past nro thus afforded. What splendid pages o history are thus reopened for it has been ii and about English villages rather thai in towns that English history has been made. What challenges arc prompted to the great and the immortal to comb from their wraithlands and walk beside you where they once dwelt. And ho you find that all you knew of books has in expresslbly lacked In the true color and feel Jug until you thus wed presence and actual ityvith the toneless tale of words ! The wealth of number of these older villages In Kent alone would confound the Dryasdusts and the Iconoclasts of rural Eng land. It is with a thrill of delight that you wander through Saltwood , peoplng out between leafy hills upon the glorious sea Lymlngo. mossy ami still beside the most ancient church of southern Kent , so ancient thnt In its walls are actually seen ovet'i specimen of ecclesiastic architecture fron Saxon to Perpendicular , so am lent still thai St. Edllbcrga , one of Its patron saints am ! daughter of the Saxon King Ethelbert , who reigned more than 1,000 years ago , lies buried'within : Evlth , with its unique old houses , its winding lanes of green , hanks of chalk , shadowy combes and tender uplands ; Cohham. leafiest , snuggest and prettiest of all Kentish villages , with its lordly park , its . lately- towered chun.li and brasses ofOOO lyoars lirnicmory of the noble Cobhams and Its ' "Leather IJottel" Inn made famous : n the Immortal pages of Pickwick ; beautiful old Shrone , girdled with massive elms and richest orchard bloom ; and 100 more , eel along the lano-girt downs , clustering in the woody Weld , or nestling mining the Kentish orchards and hop gardens , with their rows of cottages with white-washed walls , dormer windows , thatched roofs and garden fronts each a maze of fuschlHs , pinks , carnations and roses ; and all of them from 100 to 1XX ( ) yean old. > \ ho is thc.ro to fitly describe or paint the droning old villages of that curious English Region "variously known as the "Norfolk liroads , " "Tho Dread District" and the "Norfolk and Suffolk Kens , " where , as at Dllluuu and Huston , many an old daub-ami- wattle cottage may still be seen ) It is a Jamiof lagoons ; of grassy dykes ; of ghostly windmills us huge and as numerous as In Holland } oiricliuud low lying farm itcad- Ings Interspersed by ' 'broads" of sedgy , shallow lnlcs ; ; of mighty herds of cnttla nnd slioopi of duck , widgeon , mallard nnd coot ; if picturesque Inns-of-call half hidden nmong copses of willows ; of ruined castles , ibbeys nnd priories whoso ancient monts nrn now serving ns market gardeners canals ; of gray old hamlets set nlwut with clumps of nollnrd oaks ; and of n peasantry ns simple , Jrnvo nnd true us In Rood old Sir John t ns- tolf's diiys not Shakespeare's unctuous knnve of the "Merry Wives , " but of the real Pastolf who vigorously fought the battle of Herrings mid soundly drubbed the French. The eventide pictures from some of these old waterside hamlet porches lire worthy the brush of n Turner or a Millet. As the sun goes down In forests of waving reeds , it flames the thatches of hamlets on opposite shore , weirdly llehts thenrmsof the spectral windmills , bringing to n looming nearness the grim Norman towers of far olden churches , or gilds the livid top of some medieval ruin as with gold. As It slnlts from sight the waters of the Hroads lire for a moment purple , then pitchy black , when Instantly the- stars are shining in the depths above mid from the waters beneath with n shimmering luster enveloping all. Then the songs and" chirps of myriad Insects : the whirr and splash of late-homing water fowl ; and the witching , whispered soughing of the oreozo In the rushes and the reeds. Up In Cumberland ahd Westmoreland , what loving wraiths of memory are conjured when basking in the glowlmr beauty of slum berous , verdure-dud , biossom-liowered Kcs- wleic , Grasmero , Kydnl , Amblesldo and Bowness ! Hero in old Keswick town dwelt , and sang , and lies burled in Crossthwalto church yard , near the mur- murlngs of the Groin he ! > o loved , the high soulod poet of pensive remembrance and meditativernlin. . Hobert Southoy. Hero , too , the unhappy Coleridge passed the most fruitful , though still the most miserable , years of his baleful slavery to a deadly drug ; and with his girl wife. Harriet , Shelley hero knew the only happy hours of his unfortu nate life. In aiirient Grasmere Grasmero of ancient "rush bearing" fame ; Grasmero with , perhaps , the oldest and certainly the quaintest church in England : Grasmcre where the brnvc old dame soundly walloped the prince of Wales for "hurrying'1 her sheep Ihomus do Quincey lived In his dream life madness ; and. in St. Oswald's church yard sleep Hartley Coleridge and William Wordsworth , beside the beauteous Uotha.v , which , leaping from sequestering meadows , gives back along the old church wall the deathless songs they sang. That ono whoso memory gives to the organ tones of the two cascades of Hydal their wondrous heart thrilling power , who is first and last when your eyes of fancy pene trate the past , Is Wordsworth , who lived on Kydal mount , above the hamlet , for 40 sunlit years. Sturdy , iconoclastic , yet true and practically Christian if slid heretic , Harriet Martineau stands bright and clear In the picture among the blossoms 'of songful Amblcside. Christopher North , with his hugo frame and benign face , as if the very spirit of the lovely legion shone from his kindly eyes , makes thcsu village wavs sun nier for his strong , sure tread. With him , though later , you will see another one , linn , calm , tender , noble , ono who through his la burs at Kugby swept forever from the British educational system the rule of brutality and dread , lofty souled , noble Dr. Arnold ; while old Bowness , huddling be tween the highway and the fell side , is sweeter still bccauso you see through its tiny cottage panes the wraith of good Feilcin Homans , with a tinge of sadness in her pallid , patient face. Pleasant indeed is a week's idle loitering among thi ! villages of Surrey. Some of the most picturesque timbered cottages of KIIR- iand can be found among these ancient hamlets. Sleepy old Godaltning was once a nest of fullers homes , and numbers of these habitations are still in good preservation. At Shore , the former home of the earls of Ormoml and the noble house of Audloy , and roundabout are wondrously interesting lanus of cottages. liesides , there are Wonersh , with its line gables and chimneys and charmingly picturesque old mill house ; Iluslcmern with ils high and graceful chim neys ; Uhidclingford , where glass was llrst made in England , with its line fourteenth century collates and famous old Crown inn ; Witloy , with its church tower sur mounted by a spire as quaint as that of Stoke Pogis , and its cottages which are in every artist's sketch book ; Alford , most primitive of Surrey villages , with its curious ironwork and moats ; and , with si-ores more , winsome old Cranlelgh , where , at Baynards , Jane Kopcr , wife of the younger Sir Kit want Bray , so long kept the head of her father , ill-fated Sir'l'homas More , which was finally deposited in St. Dunstans , Canterbury. You will never heed the passing hours if , afloat upon the Avon , you set out in quest of English villages within the western shires. The thatches of the hamlets le.in every where along the Avon almost to the river's iirink. You will have no need for an inn. With your yeoman companion you will bo welcomed everywhere at night among the village peasantry. By-aivi-by you como to the vales among the Cotswolds. Then will you sec hamlets and villages dotting the val leys , embedded in gardens , perched upon the heights , in settings of lush orchards , waving fields within checkered lines of hawthorn hedges or denser rows of limes , and these in turn backed by oanks of forest primeval ; all in such droning quiet , ample content anu smiling opulence that , full of the wluov exul tation of it nil , you again nnd again irresisti bly exclaim , "Here is Arcady at last I1' lu Essex ono could wander for a whole summer and never tire of its mossj nooks like Thaxted , with its Ions straggling street of many-gabled homes , Its exquisite church , its strange Moot hall and its noble relic , Ilorham hull ; Copgesliall , with its moldering .ibboy ruins and curious "Woolpack" inn ; Saffron Waldcn , hotbed of Essex supersti tions , with its ruined castle , wonderful old houses and antique Sun inn which has set the Essex antiquarians endlessly by tlu ears ; Finchlnglleld with its Jumble of cot- tatrcs piled ono upon another and its quaint timber-built alms houses , like those of Coventry ; St. Osyth , with its remavkablo church , splendid old priory and marvelously beautiful gatehouse ; and Little Dunmow , straggling , tiny hamlet that it Is , but famous the world over for its olden "Flitch of Bacon" pri/.e for conjugal felicity. And 1C all these were not enough to make you know the Indescribably interesting and beautiful rural England of today como hero where the shires of Bucks , Berks and Sur rey Join , and saunter but for a day round about royal Windsor. At Chertsoy. but uino miles distant , once famous for its abbey , lived and died the pout Cowley , while Albert Smith , author of "Christopher Tadpole" and many other charming works of fiction , was born in the same quaint old village. D.itchot , on the Ttiames , about u mile from Windsor , has the remains of a very ancient monastery , while Date-hot Mead was rendered famous by Shakespeare in his "Merry Wives of Wind sor. " But four miles distant is the quaint and sequestered vlllugo of Horton. in this , at Berkyn Manor house , HvudiMlltou , with his fat her and mother when they retired from business in 10W : , and here were written his "Comus. " "Arcades " " " " . , "Lycidas. "I/Alle gro" and "II Penseroso. " At Old Windsor , two miles down the river , is ono of the most impressive- old yew and Cyprus shaded churchyards in England. Its Moat Farm was he hunting scat of Saxon khigs. Mrs. Kobinson , the authoress and the unfortu nate Perdita , is burled here , and its Beau mont loigo ! was the former homo of Warren Hastings. Bray is but llvo miles distant , up the Thames The "Vicar of Br.iy , " ono Sym- on-.la. was that spiritually vivacious cleric who changed his religion four times , in suc cessive reigns , that ho might die in his "living , " At Hoaeonsllold , to the north near Wilton park , was the homo of Waller , the poet , and 'Burke , the statesman. Here at Slough , Iwo miles to the north , U Uio house occupied so long by Sir William Heischeland you will sue hero a part of his great forty- foot telescope ; while two miles further , beyond meadows green , nestling In clumps of yew and oalc. is the olden humeof the Pcnns , near which is the mossy old parish church and hamlet of Stoke Pogis , where was writ ten the purest and sweetest elegy to bo found in the'English tongue. EnnAit tj. WAKEMAN. o- The earliest library was that of Nobucha < = noz/ar. Every book was a brick , engraved with cuneiform chuvncteis. Husy people have no time , ana sensible people ple have no in lination to use pills that make them sick a day for every dose tnoy Uike. Thoyhavo leurnod that the use of Do Witt's Little Early Hisors does not interfere with thcirhealth byoiusliu miusa.i , p.ilu or grip ing. These little pllis are perfect in action and results , regulating the stomach and bowels so that headaches , dizziness and lassitude are prevented. They cleanse the blood , clear the complexion anu tone up the system. Lots of health in these little fel low * . OENTItALIZED CAPITAL. A I.Ut of ( Hitnutlo Triut * thnt llnvn drown fi | III I hi * Country. Much has boon written of the growing tendency of private corporations to pool Is sues for the purpose of controlling prices throughout this country. The formation of trusts Is the onler of the day. A recent , ar ticle in the Now Nation enumerates some ot the leading trusts with estimated capital. The following prefatory statement is also ' given by that'paper : Free competition has fostered the monopo lization of In lustrles to stlch an extent that the price of nearly every necessity of life Is fixed by n private trust. Wo have taken the trouble to prepare a partial list of the more Important private trusts built mainly on the ruin or surrender of small businesses. The Item of capitalization is continually chang ing , as the stock usually increases as fast as new companies arc- taken into the combina tion. While our figures are In many cases estimated , they may bo safely accepted as the approximate capitalization for the pur poses of discussing the business situation. Several trusts wo havonotcven attempted to estimate. Whether wo look at the moral or the commercial side of the question , the disap pearance of small industries is alarming. Take the white lead trust , which Is known on the Stock Exchange as the Mitlonal Lead company. Its outstanding certificates aggregate $ ! 0,000K)0. ( ) In ISS'Jthe trust con trolled a majority of the stock In thlrty-ono companies. Including the plants of three smelters and ono rollncry for the protection of pig lead. Over $ S.)01'UOJ ( ) of the stock is water. There Is probably not a company of the original thlrty-ono whloh Is not the re sult of focal competition and rivalry disas trous to small concerns. Tariff reduction tends to solidify rather than destroy the trust. Of the 4.047 recogni/.ed millionaires , only l.liil won their fortunes In protected in dustries. Trusts. Capital. Dressed beef and provisions ? IOO,000IKX ) Standard oil HOKK,0K ( ) ( ) Sugar refiners ' . Tfi.OOO.OOO Iron league GO.UtXUXX ) Illinois steel fiO.OOO.OOO General electric W,000,000 ) Steel rail f > 0,000X ( > 0 Sheet copper 40.000,000 Cottonseed oil 41,000,000 Tombstone ICi.OOO.OOO Gas ( New York ) : , < MHI,00 ( ) Distilling and Cnttlofoedlng 3i.000.000 Water works pumping machinery : < oHi,000 ( ) ) Ckarettc U.'iOlKIHK ( ) Smellers tt.1,000,000 Merchants' steel 'J.I.OOO.OOO Mineral water 25,000,000 Colorado coal combine 20.000,000 Pork combine 20,000,000 Copper Ijlgot 20,000,000 Marble 'combine 20.00,1,000 , Linseed oil 18,000,000 Hibbon 18,000,000 Axe ir.,000,000 , Bituminous coal ir.,000,000 School furniture lf > ,0d,000 ( ) , Condensed milk 10,000,000 Boiler. . * ' - . 15,000,000 Cordage 15,000,000 Crockery 15,000,000 Preserved jelly manufacturing. . . 12,000,000 , Goss-imor rubber 12,000,000 Biscuit and cracker 12,000,000 Tube 11,500UOO Lithograph 11,500,000 Bolt and nut 10,000,000 Brass , 10,000.000 Electric supply 10.000,000 Fur combine 10,000,000 Pitch 10.000,000 Tissue paper 10.000,1X10 Win' 10,000,000 Wood screw 10.000,000 Barbed wire 10,000HK ( ) Hleachery combine 10.000,000 Cotton due ! : 10.000.000 Cash register 10,000,000 Cartridge 10.000,000 Starch 10,000,000 Iron and coal 10,000.000. Typefounders (1,000,000 ( Preservers combine 8,000.000 Straw board 8.000.000 Umbrella 8,000,000 Celluloid 8,000,000 Plato glass 8,000,0K ( ) Flint glass " 8,000,000 Match 7,500,000 Cotton thread combine 7,000,000 Safe 7,000,000 Rubber trust No. 2 " . ; 7,000,000 Alcohol ; 5,000,000 American corn harvesters 5.000,000 , Buckwheat 5,000,000 Button 5,000.000 Paper box 5,000,000 Patent leather 1. . . 5,000,000 En velopo 5,000,000 Pulp 5,000,000 Saw 5,000.000 Hock salt 5OUO,000 Green glass 4,000,000 Steel and iron 4,000,000 Oatmeal 11,500,000 Soda water apuaratus 3,500,000 Trunk . 3,000,000 Cotton press JI.OOO.OOO Lime a.000,000 Carbon candle ; i,000,000 Sanitary ware : ! ,000,000 American wringer 2,500,000 Broom 2,500,000 Safe No. 2 2,500,000 Oil cloth ? , BOO,000 Acid 2,000,000 Borax 2.000.COO Brush 2,000,000 Confections 2.000,000 Dye and chemical combine 2,000,000 Electrical combination No. 2 2,000,000 Glove 2.000,000 Rubber , general shoo 2,000,000 Locomotive tire 2,000,000 Lumber 2,000,000 Manilla tissue 2,000,000 Morocco leather 2,000,000 Paper bag 2,000,000 School book 2,000,000 Sewer pipe 2,000,000 Sheet steel 2.000.000 Yellow pine 2,000,000 Pocket cutlery 2,000,000 Harvester 1,500,000 Cutlery 1,500,000 , Sash door 1,500,000 CasUet and burial goods 1,000,000 Vapor stove 1,000,000 Naval stores combine 1,000,000 Fork and hoe 1,000,000 Fruit jar 1,000,000 Salt 1,000,000 Hinge 1,000,000 Sandstone 1,000,000 Wrapping paper 1,000,000 Wheel 1,000,000 Castoroil 500,000 Hop 500,000 Leather board 500,000 Snath SOO.OOO Soap 500,000 Sponge 500,000 Whip 500,000 Indurated liber 500,000 Money In IIU Hoodoo Itiipiit-.ttliiu. A hoodoo with a mitinnnl reputation is" ono of the most conspicuous ohiiractors in I'hlludelphiii. IIo is ono of the most successful fakirs in the business. Black Hills diamonds , cheap jewelry and gnv- ters are his specialties and ho plies his trade from public house to public liouso with not a little success. IIo frequents several saloons patronized chielly by gamblers and they prove his best cus tomers. To ward oil the ill oll'ccts of the hoodoc they cross his palm with sil- voi1 and rid themselves of his brassy wares as quickly as possible , firmly bo- lioviny that destruction follows in their train. The peddler knows that lib pres ence is distasteful to the sports and ho takes euro to intrude when ilnd where- over possible. His intrusion ia the kind that pays. o TilttoolllK Yoillur .NeweulHlldllM. . A Now Xealuml hey of 15 hits his face nearly covered with tattooltiy. The New /eulundors tattoo the face and hands , but very rarely touch the body. Their moth' d of tatt-joliif , ' is peculiar and differs from that of any other tropical country. The work of tattooing is done with a sharply oointed instrument , which is dipped lirst in a colored lluid. The point of the instrument is placed on the face and is driven int > the bkin by n sharp blow from a piece of wood. This is repeated ugnln and atruin until the tattooing is done. The process makes the skin very sore aiU only a little can bo done at a lime. The New Zcahtnderu tattoo in rings. And the girls are oven more gorgeously decorated than the boys. Tattooing is Hourly always done before the boys and girls have com pleted their growth , so that the colored pigment becomes firmly fixed in the texture of the bkin. < < ! . . NOTE T.hisbeaijti.ful Revolving nookoaso Is sup plied to our subscribers , and to our subscribers only , at $5. It is made expressly to hold THE WOIUiD-IIEll- ALD edition Encyclopedia Britannieu , or we can supply a neat upright case at $1. 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