Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, March 27, 1893, Page 6, Image 6
TUB OMAHA DAILY HKHHMONDAY , MA11CII 27 , 1803. DEATH ROBBED OF ITS ST1NC Ho That Is Well Insured Mellows the Tears of the Mourners , MODERN INSURANCE AND ITS POSSIBILITIES Nnmeil ninl Hiiiilpppil Crnfl A Hunt on IhuOtrmi of l.lfo The rroprl. etnrynml the rratrriinU-1'nylnu nnrt NonpiijhiR Kntcrprlnc * . The pOsblbllltlcB of Insurance are de termined , like thobo of any other busi ness , 1-V ascertaining how far It can be made to pay , writes Hlchard A. McCurdy in the North American Review. The particular form of Insurance to be considered In the following remarks Is life Insurance , with Incidental reference to other branches. Any form of Insurance , whether It bo ' jmrel'y mutual , proprietary or fraternal , if not conducted on a paying basis , must m'cossarily fall. The purely mutual company will drop asunder : stockhold ers In a proprietary company will wind up the concern , or it will go into the hands of a receiver by process of law : enthusi asts who sustain clergy mutual leagues and employes benefit associations will grow weary in well-doing and tiy to re- FiiMiro their risks or leave them to their fate. Assessment societies cuino to grief wl'cn ' the assessments are levied too often , and the shores of the ocean of In demnity are strewn with wrecks of craft , fantastically named and equipped , which have met the common fate of all nun- paying enterprises in a commercial age. 'i'lic-so are primary facts ; and yet they involve an apparent paradox. For there Is , theoretically , no money made by insurance. Insurance is techni cally held to bo all loss. Companies or associations which carry on the busl- nc-is are only distributors of loss. A voluntary loss , submitted teat at once by"the insured , removes the danger ( if a fur greater loss which may otherwise- happen at any time. But as the prime purpose of the aggregate premiums is to'pay losses , so the single premium paid in each ca o by the In- Kiired Is primarily a loss to the insured. The ship that gees to the bott-nn , the warehouse that is burned , or the life that perishes , takes out of existence just M > much actual or potential capital , and the insurance money that replaces It in whole or in part is only the product of individual C'iitrlbutionsof smaller sums , Which have been sacrificed in advance , in provision of the dreaded catastrophe or of the inevitable doom. Where , then , Is the point of contact between the first and second proposi tions ? It is here : That while pui-o insurance Is but a distribution of loss , the ma chincry of distribution must bo so con- utruoted as to Impose the minimum of fcclf-sacrilico upon the insured and to t-o- euro for his money the maximum of pro ductiveness. Those results must bo at tained under conditions of the business established by long and wide experience. Experience is used in its technical sell-so , meaning applied statistics. Produc tiveness , for present purposes , means np plied intelligence. How far have the possibilities of in- { nuance been already tested1 Francis , in his "Annalu of Lifo In Bunince , " enumerates , In addition to the iirilinary forms of life , marine and lire insurance and annuities , among others , the follinsing schemes : to insure mar- rlago pfn-tloiis ; for preventing1 and sup pressing thieves and robbers ; for insur ing seamen's wages ; for the insurance of debts ; to insure masters and mistresses against looses by servants , thefts , etc. ; for insuring ami Increasing children's fortunes ; insurance from housebreakers ; insurance from highwaymen ; insuiauco from lying ; rum insurance and cattle in surance. The marauding barons of the middle ngos who , after lives of rapine , built churches and loft money for masses , maybe bo considered to have made elementary attempts to Insure their future felicity. "Whether the investment paid has never been ascertained. It is recorded , alfio , that pllgi ims to the Holy Land established a sort of ton tine , by depositing m'inoy before leaving , which was to bo returned two or three fold to these who had the hick to c liio back alive. The stay-at-homo members , in accordance with the spirit of the ago. probably lay in wait for the returning travelers and made money. Mrdern travelers insurance companies do not , however , compass the death of their policy holders. They give them the option of "your money or your life , " and they take Che money. But this is a digression. Today we have In successful operation employers liability companies and vari ous companies which insure against de falcation and breach of trust , real estate titles , plate glass and b-ulers , live stock , hull , investments , health and accidents. The insurance of impaired lives has also boon practiced to some extent , but with limited success. But In each and all of the above aluo- lutelv nothing Is looked for by the in- Btirea except reimbursement in a mone tary way for loss. The company , as dis tinguished from the assured , must make money , but the money so made Is only bO much additional tax imposed on the assured , which ho is compelled to sub mit to in order to obtain the benefits of the co-operative prin ciple. A distinction must thcio fore bo drawn between Insuiauce conducted simply as a loss-distributing tigeney by and for the benefit of the con tributors , and the business of insurance carried on at the expense of the c mtrib- utors by others for their own profit. In the first case there IB theoretically no profit ; in the other there may or may not L bo , according to circumstances. Wo have , therefore , to consider how the practical conduct of the iiiburnnc" business can bo made profitable , first , to those who conduct It , and , becJiid. to ) their patrons. It must pay the tlrst t rhifB , or no attempt would bo made to ua-ry : It on. It must pay the second 1 class , or any such attempt , in the lung run , would bo unsuccessful. Is It not possible to carry on the business of in- mirunco , by and for the contributors , on i the same lines as those on which the business is managed for a proprietary b.'dy , so that the contributors may real l/.o a profit instead of a loss ? Here i.- another p"uradox apparently greater thai n the first. The manager of a proprietary companj y engaged in any other kind of business duos not make money by simply puttiiif. away his talent in a napkin , or , In othei irords , relying alone on the prccoss o icoumulution atcompound Interest , whlul Is the cardinal idea of improving fund : for Insurance purposes purely , but bj exercising the snmo bcrutiny and ga gaelty In the profitable employment o these funds in other tvays for the bone tit of the proprietors , as if ho were at individual banker or manufacturer Apply the tame principle to the man ugcnicnt of insurance funds for period [ : of sufficient duration to bring the result ! under the uniform operation of the lav , ill average and wo have found the key ti tl.t * combination. Lift * Insurance is the only branch ii which the two optk'iiUal conditions of UK Ixrjt pa ) ing Insurance arc united , viz. , i j-crfcct fcclentlDc baste in the laws o mortality and length of tlmn In onntrnu j to permit uceuimilatloiH and the full fruit of wlso Investments. It , lm been during tlio lust twenty yours Unit tlio individual lias roullx.uil the ppKilbllUy of ninkln nionoy by en dowment policies or accumulated dlvl * dctiils through the application of thu principle of compound lntorc.it. This may seem to bo in it strict sense impossi ble , for llio Insurance company must bo paid for the risk of death , and that must como out of the premiums in ono way or another. Compound Interest might not alone produce anticipated results , llut tlio Invostmi-iit of premiums held to nwiilt the maturity of policies , by meth ods not contemplated tinder the early limitations assumed to bo fundamental , may and often does supplement the pro cess of accumulation at compound In terest , and thus results in actually-mak ing money for the Insured. For iiiritunco : Largo profits were made during our elvll war by sales of gold at high premiums. Much money has been made by rises In real property bought for improvement or taken In at judicial sales. Advances in the value of many securities hold by insurance companies have greatly Increased either their sur plus or dividend-paying power. It Is plain that if the money paid for'pi'emi- urns can bo made more productive In the hands of the insurers than It would have been In the hands of the Insured , the addition will go to pay the cost of the machinery and to reduce the cost of the Insurance' It follows that If tlio addition can bo made largo enough tlio whole of the premium or Its equivalent might bo returned to the Insured , at last , and the protection would cost him nothing. And this is not u hypothesis. It is u fact. The records of the progrcs- s-ivo companies sho\v many Instances whore this has been the cuu. . It will be objected that this Is not Insur ance , but banking or simple trading. Granted ; but the banking and the trad ing are ancillary to insurance and they replace the waste of the one by the profit of the other. This is the precise unalogv to , although undoubtedly an expansion of , the fundamental assump tions of the business. Insurance premiums are cast on a f-calo which shall leave substantial margins of sur plus in addition to reserves required to guarantee fiililllment of obligations.- 'Intorost above the rate assumed in their cali-iilatlon is always reckoned as one of the sources of surplus and as such becomes nn Integral factor. Notably is it the oa.io in various forms of accumu lative policies. This is pure banking , and recent methods have merely brought the banking factor to greater fruition for the benefit of the insured. The insured are also , through the aggrega tion of small individual contributions , made partners , pro rata , of these who often control the world of finance and reap the proiits which attend the sagacious employment of largo capital at propitious junctures. The apostles of th . ' mm possumus propaganda de nounce this as rank heresy ; but it is the theory of management of the progressive American lifo insurance olllces of today , and has given , and pi-omi.-es to give in the future , to the business of pure lifo insurance , itself but a dist -ibutor of loss , the capacity of actually making money for its patrons : and this , too , without the sacrifice of true conservatism. Probably no moro careful and conservative sot of men could bo found in any center of Ilnancial activity than are the managers of the invuslment function of life insurance companies in general and of those popu larly known as the "great" life Insur ance companies In particular. But the banking feature , however im portant it may bo , is nevertheless only ono of the many elements of successful life underwriting. Probably In no other business are MI many educated intelli gences brought into the service of the participants in its success. To the de velopment of the American idea , from the formulas of the early managers and actuaries to the present combinations , which almost exhaust the capabilities of the interest and mortality tables , must bo attributed in a greater measure than to tlio banking element tlio phenomenal growth of lifo insurance in this country ; but still moro is due to the uiillagging energy and prolific ingenuity of the men executive olllcors and matno- miiticians of high scientific at tainments working for a com mon end who have infused into their business activities the enthusiasms of a new crusade for the elevation of an ad ministrative experiment into a robust school of faith and practice. The en thusiasms of the-o have boon passed on to and assimilated by .hosts of bright minded and aggressive agents to whom the blending of philanthropy with closely calculated monetary problems olTera'symiJiitliolic attractions possessed by no mere pivjcet of profit without pro tection or of protection without profit. No other business enterprise commands tin. "orvices of agents possessing , as a class , higher moral and intellectual qualities and their devotion is secured as much by this appeal to their sympa thies as to their p : ckets. The Ameri can people are not slow to recognize and to rewir/d devotion and enterprise wherever they meet it , and especially aim ng their own countrymen , They reciignizo with patriotic pride the achievements of American companies , which , through American agencies , have pushed tj primacy in every civil ised country one of the exemplary in-jti- tuti-'iis of their laud , and they reward them by their generous patronage and support. The whole difference between the time when our ancestors were engaged in the rudest industry , and barely obtained a precarious existence by constant exer tion , to the present condition of comfort for every industrious person and of lux ury and wealth for multitudes does not lie in any change that has been made in natural resources , or In the forces at the service of man. The entire change has been brought abjut simply by tlio application of intelligence to these forces and resources. The soil and tlio forces are e.'iijitant quantities. The prrgresslve agent in the accumulation of wealth h. merely brains. Like every > other human activity , if insurance can bo made to pay it must be by the appli cation of ingenuity , of thought , of experience - perience , of wisdom. Can these , in sullicient power , be brought Into its sorv- ice with such effect as to make it so useful that the risk may bo carried and the hiirplus become u substantial contri bution to the wealth of tlio insured1 Experience has answered that they can. and the answer become i more emphatic as the accumulation of weiUth becomes greater. s Hut time Is of the essence of the prob- g lorn also. The tendency of capital , when r it grows beyond a nu > doruto amount , is if to htCi-ciiso with great rapidity , and h the longer the piveess is continued .s the greater the rapidity of the increase , y Stephen Glrard said that all the dllll- iculty of accumulating an enormjus for- if tune lay in beeuring the lirst $100,000 ; - and there is no doubt that any man win n miceeeds , having started with his own . hands and brain , in collecting a nioder- iate competence , will bo able , by cjutinu- s ing the same kind of effort on the eami s principles , If only his life and energies v remain to him , to multiply indclinitolj o what ho has obtained. The longer tlu life and the effort the greater the nccu- n initiation. When the life or the ellorl o censes the accumulation ceases also. One a or two companies , however , are basndoi f the principle of "pay us you yo. " Thej Imvc eliminated the accumulative factor , and coiiHequeiitl } receive a limited sup port , mainly from the less Intelligent and the Impecunious classes. Accumu lation Is hold to bo exclusively the busi ness of the Individual and not of the company. Carried to Its logical conclu sion this view of the functions of capital would have neutralized organized ollort from the dawn'of civilization. Wise management freed from an tiquated precedent and dead tradition ; accumulation superimposed upon in demnity : legitimate methods of Increas ing ucctinimulatton syst matlcally em ployed ; adoption of long deferred periods of repayment or distribution ; recognition of the fact that Insurance must bo conducted on a paying basis , just like any other business that suc ceeds ; in line , a continuously productive union of the capital of the Intelligent policy holder an'd the skilled labor of the experienced and successful life underwriter , supported by highly In structed and organized agency forces those today are demonstrating the pos sibilities of Insurance in ways till recently not fully understood , and It Is to these that wo must look for even greater developments In the future. THE WORLD'S NEW BOOKS. Sixty Thougiinil I'linrcul Out l/.ut Year , llrr- niiiny l.t'aillni ; . The average American reader has very little knowledge how largo the flood of now books Is yearly In the civil ized world and how very small the share of this country Is in adding to It. Most Americans , if they were asked , would feel certain that about as many new books wore written In this country as in any in the world. As a matter of fact there is no civilized country In lOuropo of any size , not oven excepting Russia , which does not match or overmatch the literary product of the United States. This country , to take statistics of the Publishers' Weekly , in 1W2 published 1,07-1 books and 788 now editions of old books , or 4.802 in all. This is close to eighty new books , not volumes , a week , and near ninety-eight issues weekly of both kinds. This will strike most people ple as a very fair literary activity. In Great Britain , however , which has only a little over half of our population , there wore last j-ear published 4,015 new books and lit : ; ! ( now editions of works previously issued , in all ( ! , i" > l , just about 120 now works or twenty every working day , so that if a man road ten hours a day every week day ho would have about half an hour to give to each book , often consisting of several volumes. This omnivorous reader would have to double his industry if he lived in Franco The now books and now editions there in 180:2 : woreKl.l.'W. . lie would have to treble his reading powers or give each new book six minutes apiece in Ger many. Ten years ago , in 188. ! , German publishers were issuing 14,801 ! works yearly. In 1881 the issues in this coun try were -1.8.S8. less than a third. In 181)0 ) , when the issues here were 4,5V.I , these in Germany were 18,875 , or moro than four times these hero , so much moro rapidly is the production of book. * growing there than hero. In 1802 the production was close to 20,000 in Got many by a population two-thirds as largo and with not a third of the wealth of the United States , which broilght out less than a quarter as many books as Germany. The United States not only publishes fewer books than other countries , but among those a larger proportion are mere ephemeral n ivols. Last year , out of our 4,802 books published , 1,102 , or over a fifth , were novels. In Germany , out of 18,87 ! ! .books in 18)0 ! ) , only 1,7'M , or less than a tenth , were devoted to either poetry or fiction. Ten years ago only 1,200 such books out of 14,774 were pub lished in Germany. Hero last year , of novels' ' and poems together , 1'ICl works were published , or over one-fourth of the whole. It is only in England that our appetite for fiction is matched. There , last year , lf > ! J7 novels wore is sued , or a full quarter of all the books published , and 217 poems , in all 1,754 works. Where this country then gives a fifth of its literary activity to novels and England a quarter , Germany only turns a tenth of its writing energy in this direction. This simply means that the serious work of investigation in sclonco , in his tory and in all practical fields is being done hotter and moro completely in Ger many than anywhere else. In nowspa- ) ors and novels we beat Germany out of land , but in serious books wo are simply luwhore by the side of Germany. Even Ltussia , which in 1888 published 7,427 now ) ; > ok.s to our 0U.'H , and in 1800 issued 4,710 to 4,5.VJ , , shows a greater literary ictivity than this country , though' eadors are probably twontyfold more lumorous hero. These comparisons are not particularly soothing to our national pride , but it is well that our nati'inal disposition to im- .igiuo that this cjuutry leads in all de partments should bo sharply corrected l > y the facts. Taking the known facts as to Germany , Franco , England , Russia and the United Statea and estimating for the rest of Uuropo and the yearly grist of now books in the civilized work must bo put at about (10,000. ( Wo have considerably over a fifth of the popula lation which supplies writers and read ers for this annual literary flood ; but wt supply less than a twelfth of the now books , and of our round 5,000 "now" books from 800 to 1,001) ) are importei from England and reissued hero. Wo outmatch the world in railroads and telegraphs , in cotton and corn , in news papers and live stock , but not in new books. A r rtcr Taken Dmvn. St. Louis Globe Democrat : For once in my lifo I saw the "lord of all he sur vey. * ; " the sleeping-car porter , non plussed. It was on the Houston it Texas Central railroad , a few days ago. When at the little town of Richardson , on the upper end of the line , two ladies boarded the train , and by some mistake were ushered into the Pullman car. That they were ladle. * their neat and quiet apparel , with their modest refined faces , clearly showed , though their old-fash ioned , inexpensive , indeed cheap style of dress , indicated that they were in In digent circumstances. My lord in the b'ass buttons sallied up to them , and , finding out the mistake that led to their being in that car instead of the day coach , began to show olT his majestic powers of insolence. Ho did not notice a gentle man who had boarded tlio train at the same station , and who stood quietly ol i > - serving the scene from the door of the 1 car. This gentleman now advanced , saying , "Bo seated , ladles , until we reach the next town , when you can easily enter the other car. " Then , beck' nlng to the conductor , ho added : "St ip the train , L.1' "Hero , Captain ? " asked the con ductor. "Yes , hero. " There was a pull [ of the bull rope , tlio train stopped and the porter was ejected from the car , the captain baying to him : "Now walk the fifteen miles to Dallas , and study pollto- uess as you trudge along ; you are no longer in our employ. " Tnoro was a shower of oxp.wtulations , pleas for par don and a shako or two of the list at the fast vanishing train , bat It vanished for all that. The gentleman who had set him the lesson wai a high olliclal of the road. look out for cheap substitutes. Bowari of now remedies. Ur. Hull's Uough Syruji has stood the test for nearly Ufty years. \RT \ i SCHOOL'SOF ' ; NEW YORK ? hey Are the Nucleus of the Best of Everything inr-Anioricat thing < - SKETCHES OF FOUR"uiGH CLASS SCHOOLS The Nnllniiilt Aciiilcmy of Dr lKit Din Art Student * l.rugtin , , tto Metropolitan nnit thu Cooper Union The nnil Mctli'Mlv < > T Touching ! The great art collections'that were sent from Europe to the Centennial ex position In Philadelphia came to an almost entirely untrained vision , writes Margaret Field In Mun oy's Magazine. Twenty years ago Americans went abroad from the seaboard cities a few of them and now and then a rich man from the Interior took his family to Europe , but the constant stream of travel of today was unknown. The art collections In Philadelphia had a great influence not only upon the public , but also upon the artists. Up to that time there wore only two or three good ifrt schools in America. The artists clung to classic models in style and the public had grown to think the classic the only style. Tlio modern schools , which were exemplified in the European exhibit , were a revela tion alike to painters and public. Our best American artists were edu cated In Franco and In the majority of cases stayed where they found sympathy and congenial surroundings. It was after this now awakening that many of these men c'mio home mid have since spent years of their lives teaching the very rudiments of their art , in order that there might bo American schools. They have succeeded in such fashj in that all the advaulugo3 of ui-t education in Europe , unless it bo the traditional atmosphere , can today bo found in Now York. There is n > t only the ability to do good work , but there is tlio feeling that it will bo appreciated when it is done. It is often said of art schools that they are of no practical < e , that the man or woman with the real soul of the artist would arrive at excellence without their help ; and continual illustrations are being drawn from the well kirjwn men who have fought their own way into recognition. The true idea of an art school is entirely lost sight of in this argument. An art school , like a literary school , is intend ed , not always as a training in practical technicalities for immediate use , but as a liberal education. It might bo as justly argued that * colleges and universi ties were of no practical use , bacauso not one graduate in a thousand becomes a poet. The art schools are making an audi ence. An artist exists because ho has uppreeiators , and the actual , practical value of this art csljication disseminated from the great schools Is being shown in the now architecture of the coun try. Architects 'liiid their best talent called out by people1 who have been edu cated into a sense uf true art , and are putting up buildings all over the land which are enduring monuments of beauty. There are in Now York , which is still the center of the- " best of everything in America , four higli class 'art schools the National Academy of Dodgn , the Art Students League , the Metropolitan Art school , in connection with tlio gal lery , and tlic Cooper Union Art school. The National Academy of Design is the oldest , and has the greatest reputa tion outside of Now York. The N. A. after a member's name is a title of honor. It grow out of the old academy , which was founded in ISOiJ , and which was created and managed by men of al most any profession save that of art. It was the aesthetic child of that early ma terial day in Now York , and was made much of for a time. The then minister to Franco , Chancolor Liv ingstone , caused Napoleon to bo made an honorary member , and in that capacity the first consul sent several easts and engravings to the academy. But the business men who had founded the institution and fostered it had many cares ; s-omo of the members died , and the academy was almost forgotten. The Napolojn casts were stored for several years , and then in 1810 they were brought out and exhibited , giving a now start to the academy. There was , however - over , an avowed disinclination to having artists as members of the board of directors. The business men scoll'ed at the idea of artists being able to manage anything. Young p linters , who had no reputation to cmunend them to the directors , could-not find a place in the exhibitions. Merit without reputation they did not understand. There was at this time a young artist in Now York named Morse , who was not only dissatislled himself , but know other'men in the same state of mind. In Juno , ISi'i , ho sent out an in vitation to a ntimbor of young men , ask ing them to como to his room to eat strawberries and cream. The little note which ho wrote to ono of the men Is still preserved as a document in the art his tory of Now York. This meeting brought out results that have been factors in New York's civilization. One evening the "drawing class' ' was formed. Asher Brown Durand was made president ami S. F. 11. Morse was appointed secretary. The rules . wore simple. The members wore to meet three evenings out of the week , each member to bring his own material , and the lump was to bo extin guished at 0 o'clock. The academy noticed this class of young men , and njuiost demanded that they should matriculate as members of Its own body. This they refused to do , and in dcllanco the-y selected fifteen of their own members'as ' directors , and in corporated themselves into the National Academy of tliorts of Design. They moved from ono room to another , always gaining in strength and numbers and ' ability. In 1841 ti'e ( old neaJomy was Incorporated into the new , the now buy ing its effects for & | 00. The artists , beginning to go abroad in ISIil ) , had sent pictures to the galleries at homo , and 'Sinn a very res pectable collection , was formed. Classjs were kept up , the instruction being f. . ce , and good tcachorst' were usually forth coming. . " ' , In 187. ) there was a period when the classes wore closed for lack of means to sustain them , and at thi cr , ls tlio An , Students lenguo. which is ino real a-t tchoolof America , wiii bjrn. 13.iy the closing of the classes , numbers of pupils wore left with a half completed term , and there was no prospect that the academy would reopen for some numths. The students called a meeting at Mr. Wil- marth's studio to decide what should bo done. The onto uno was the formation of the Art Students league "for the higher development of art culture. " Mr. Wilmarthgavo bist.m-vIci.-H gratu itously at llrstand the league took rooms In a loft over a plan > factory. All art students who meant to be a-tists woio Invited to join. Candidates for urtinit- , slon wo ' 0 required to submit a draw.ng from the antique and to pay In * 5 a month. The league 11 urbhcd for two years and then the National Acad emy announced Us intention of opening its claws again and Mr. Wllnmrt returned to Ids old duties. This was the crucial test of the real value of the league. The academy wui free , and had taken the league's In structor , yet such was the spirit of the new Institution that students found It more to their advantage to work there than at any other school. Schools grow to have traditions and a personality , and It Is this that has nuido the league what It Is In the art education of America. Mr. Shlrluw came In whore Mr. Wllmarth had gone out. The fourth year brought Mr. lleckwlth and .Yr Chase , who returned from abroad to put their mark on the league , which has grown from the loft to a beautiful new building on Fifty-Seventh street , and from a little drawing class with one teacher to 1,000 pupils with nine of the best American artists as instructors. ,1. Carroll Hcckwlth , CJoorgo do F. Brush , William M. Clmso , Ken von Cox , F. V. < lu Monti , II. Slddons M"owbray , Augustus Saint Gaudons , .1. II. Twacht- man , .1. Alden \Volr , these are the men under whoso eye the workers in the league learn to paint. Kuch man Is in dividual after his own fashion. Mr. Clmso and Mr. Weir are as distinct as It Is possible to bo. The students are in no danger of imitating styles , but the one defect of the league s-eeUH to Ho in a clinging to classic methods of work. In the Jullun school In 1'arls , the pupil Is told to paint. "i'aint what you see , never mind what or how anybody else sees. " The Beaux Arts Is the exponent of the classic school , and It is thin that the league seems to bo following. But one look at the Paris schools will show- that it Is .lullcn's pupils who take the Beaux Arts prizes. They go over there for this opportunity , but their training they got in the untrammelcd school. In the league , as in the other New York schools the training in all is very similar the standard for entering is an understanding of the antique. The pre paratory school takes the pupil through the study of easts and blocks making studies in charcoal. The rooms are light , airy and cheer fill , anil ono of the amazing things is the youth of the pupils. The different re sults achieved even by the same method of work are curious to note. Ono voting man , almost a boy , hud drawn a study in charcoal of a cast of a reclining female figure. In his drawing all thought of the cast was eliminated. As it looked on his paper it was a woman with Kubens- 'iko llosh. When a pupil can make i first rate drawing from the ast ho goes to the antique ilass , whore ho is looked over M' Mr. Cox , Mr. Beckwlth and Mr. du Nlond. Mr. Cox and Mr. Bcckwith arc well renown , but Mr. du Monti is ono of the cry new men. Five years ago ho was a Indent at the league , and it was only ast year that ho came back from his studios in Paris with Boulangor and Le- 'ebyro. His style is new and of extreme lelicacy , made up of curves and a trans- iition of form that is exquisite. From these clasj-cs in the antique the mpil goes to the lifo class , and hero the oiil work begins. It is a saying among irtists that if a man can paint the undo male figure ho can paint iinything. When a pupil can give the shadows on human lesh their proper value transparent , showing the flesh beneath ho has earned what painting means. But the ivay to this is long anil arduous. The pupils come from all over the jountry , many of thorn with only a vague dca of what it means to bo an artist. It looks so easy to put paint on canvas. But when they discover that it takes years to learn to draw , and more years to learn to paint , and that all this echnique goes for little , unless nature : ms given ideality to. blend with train ing , then there begins to come a doubt in many minds. Gradually in this way the classes are wooded out year by year. Mr. Cliaso has a still lifo class that s very interesting. It Is hero that the way to handle textures is taught. Frank Diivoneck painted his cele brated "Turkish Pago" from ono of Mr. Chase's groupings for the still life effect. Mr. Duvencck passed through the room where the boy and the kettle "iad been placed for the pupils , and ) loascd with the idea , and to occupy an die moment , brought his easel and jaints and worked with them. The re sult was his best known picture. The draped model class is ono of the most important. It is hero that the jHipil must begin to see under the line into the character , and to give what ho sees expression on his canvas. It is here- also that the ex treme of individuality is fostered. The uodol , in this ease an old Frenchman ivitb correctly buttoned coat and pointed beard , is seated on a platform in the center of the room. All about were the easels of earnest students painstakingly transferring their idea of the model to the canvas. The task Is to make a characteristic portrait. What nature has put in the face must go down with exactness , and what life has put into it must bo moro than suggested. It is a pir'/.lo to the person who has never studied art , and it is a mystery to many who have studied for years , how to paint a face with the same features in the tame repose , and give an en tirely different character. Uncon scious as wo may be of it , there are strokes of the brush or pencil which are harsh or are soft , rhythmic or dis cordant. It is by using these means , which the genius feels and the educated artist of talent has learned , that char acter is expressed. Lines mean ono thing and soft shadings another. Mr. du Mend luis a sketch class in the late afternoons , whore the pupils bring in a model , or pose for ono another. Any medium , pen and Ink , brush or pen cil , is used bore. Mr. Saint Gaudeiis in structs the classes In clay modeling. Few pupils como into the tichocl de liberately intending to bo sculptors. It doetj not scorn to attract the student as painting docs. But many of the pupils find that their proper expression Is form ; that by tangibility only can they bring out their Ideas , and these naturally find places in the modeling room. The charm of the league Is Its liberty. A pupil works upon his own responsi bility. Ho pays his duos and comes and goes when ho pleases , bat is always working seemingly toward some import ant goal. The masters come two days It Cum Cold , Coughi. Sere Threat , Croup , Inflo- nta , Wbjoplo ? Cough , BrooehiUi anilAilhraa. A certain curt for Coniumrjtlon in firtt > UEI , nda inrartlltfin advancedHigtt. VuttoBci. You wilt ite tbi txeelltnt tffect tfttr tiklnt th frit rtoio. Bold by dealiri ( Tir/wbin. UttUi 10 iBl nl tl.iJ. out of the week , and there must bo MHIIU Improvement to sh'iw thc-m. The other Now York cehools do not differ from the league In classes or In methods. A description of etui not of classes Is a description of all. Many of the same professors go to the different nchoois , and to a casual on looker there seems to bo little dtlToivneo In aim or scope. It Is all In the In dividuality , which is created by the pupils themselves. The National Academy of Design , In its beautiful building , modeled on a Venetian palace , holds classes almost Identical In every way. They have no preparatory school at the academy , and a drawing must bo passed upon l y the professors before a pupil may enter. It is a llltlo more conservative than the league , having traditions , and there Is less of the Inspiration of comradeship , which is so valuable In the league. The Cooper Union Art school Is a lit tle different In being particularly for women. From this school come many of the women teachers and amateur artists wo find all over the country. Thu school was founded especially to help women who needed help ; and there Is a sym pathy and an Interest felt that are'iiot known u the busy life of the other schools. There have como Into the Cooper Union Art school .numbers of women from all over the country who make little homes of their own hero together. Many of them will bo entirely satisfied witli positions In schools. They are learning to make a living. The Metropolitan Art gallery In Cen tral park has an excellent school , where the very best artists lecture and instruct. The students there have the advantage of the galleries as illustrations , and many of them copy the great pictures. But this privilege is also open to the pupils in other schools. The art student's life in New York has none of the picturesque features of the lifo in Paris. Many of the pupils are young girls , who go cither to some girls school , where they take up a language that they may bo fitting them-olves for : tudy abroad , or they go , two or three together , to some boarding house. Many of them live at their own homes. There is in the district about Wash ington square a colony of artists and of young men who have como back rom the Paris schools and who find In the French signs and the basement cafes , mil the general freedom of that portion of the city , where models may conic and jo unnoticed , some romindoV of their ; ifo abroad. But oven this is not so distinct as it was. The artists and the studio build ings are moving up town , many of them ibout the new league building. The student at the schools knows almost nothing of this lifo. Ills taste has not been formed for it , and it is seldom so Formed In New York. The day when the artist was traditionally a B ilieiniaii lias passed by. lie no longer expects to [ mint and picturesquely starve. If ho cannot sell his painting's , he looks about in a sensible way and tries to understand why. lie knows it must bo becau-'c they are not up to the standard , for the de mand for good work distances the sup ply. Ho goes into illustrative work , perhaps , and draws for sjino of the in numerable pictorial journals. It is seldom indeed that a student , unless lie is possessed of considerable- artistic ability , Is able to go through one of the schools. Too lifo class in any of them is difficult to enter. A pupil is ad vanced as rapidly as his ability will allow , but the ordinary course Is five years , and in live years of acute criti cism and hard study ho is apt to discover the value of his work. Busy people have no tliuo , nun sensibln pee pie have no ini'lliatlon to usu pills tint in iko fhcm sick a day for every dose tlioy take. Theyhavo learned that the usj of DCS Witt's Little Karly Uiscrs doss not interfere with thch-iioilth byc.unlm ; iuius'3.p tin or grip- inp. Tlicao little pllis nro psrfcut in action : inil results , regulating the stourioh ami bowels .so that headaches , ilU/liiess anil lassitude are prevented. Tliey clcanso the blood , clear tlic complexion and tone up the system. Lots of he.iltti iu thuso Httlo fel lows. The Salary AVun All Ho Wniitnl. There is a long list of sable citizens who fancy they enjoy a stout democratic "pull , " and who aro'or will bo applicants for positions of authority , says Kate Field's Washington. The story of a recent application made to Senator Blackburn by an old negro from Ken tucky portrays the eagerness to secure Total lllllpi Of CITIEli COUNTIES , 5CHOOU 1 DISTRICTS. WATER COMPANIES , ST.R.R.COMPANIES.ela Corr punilr'ico aollcttotl. H.W.HflBRIS &GOHPAHYBankers , 103-105 Dearborn Strent. CHICAGO. 15 Wall Street , HEW YORK. 7O State * > t. . BOSTON. Koimthlng from llio government , wlml- oM-r form the prl/c may tako. The senator was one day Informed that "old Mosc'1 had arrived from Wood font county. Kentucky , and was waiting to consult with him privately on "or 'pin- taut mattcah. " " \Vcll , Moso ! , " began Senator It luck * burn , as the grinning African waJ ushered Into his pro. cnce , "what bi-lngf you to Washington1' , "Mars' Joe , " replied Mo. o lm ( ; prosslvely , "IVo got 'portant business , < sah. I wants or orllce.1' ' "You want anolllco ! Why , Moso , what ' ' can you do ? " "Uo , Mars' .loo ? What docs everybody i do dat's got or orllco ? Hloss yer heart. Mars'.loc , yor don't un'erstand ole Moso. I hain't lookln' fo' work , s-ah ; I only I wants cr orflco. " Senator Hlackburn , with as much seriousness as ho could command , as sured Moso that ho was powerless to 5 assist him to an "orllcc , " but that ho \ might provide employment In some ' { private concern. Old M w's face foil , i but soon brightened again. 1 "Well , Mars' .loo , " said lie. h M > fully , ' ! "of yo kaln't get or orllco fo' me , sab , ) Jos' hustle eroun' and git me or pension ! 1 ain't at all 'tickler , sah. " 1 A I'ulilln .M NORTH OAI.VIMTOX , Tex. , Maivh iYTho realous c-ltl/.Piis of North Cahvstnn recently rainc tojrotlu'r for the purp.iso of 'llscussliig questions of municipal Interest A nooilly amount was subscribed for school purposes. The organization of a business men's club will bo the object of their next meeting. Such liberality ami enthusiasm on thop.irt of the public Rives evidence of the Met that this younj ; city , which has i-njii.veil moro lifo and Ri-owth in u few months than any other Texas city has done In as mane.irs . , pos sesses a substantial backbone In the publlo spirit of the people. Wlmt III , II.-M. Detroit 1'Yoo Press : Tlio man in the slouch hat was doing in"tof the talking and the drummer was doing the listen ing. "Kvor been in Blue CJuleh ? " he asked. "Never. " said the drummer. " Tain't what it used to be. fifteen years ago there wasn't a likelier town in the west. Now it ain't imro'ii a grave- yard. Oamblln' and slviotin' and whoopln' It up twenty-four hours a day , and worse on Sunday. I remember once tettin' in a game there with Diek .Uni son. Half Hrccd Joe , and a man from Texas. The auto was $ . " > ami the limit , was nowhere. There was $ , " > t)0 ) on the cloth and when woshowed down Half Hreed , lee hold a straight , Dick Jimson held an ace and three kings , the Texas man held four aces and " "Jerusalem ! " interrupted the drum mer at his revolution , "and what did you hold ? " "Well , " ho said , "as 1 was tlic i-ironor at the time , 1 hold an inqiUMt on the Texas man. " 1 WOMAN'S IfKAD la level uitil her jiulf incut n < tl when blio puts her faith in Up. I'it-rce's 1'iivorito I'revcnpikin. Tlicro Is no bounty without - out ( icoil Itfiilth. Nobody exiK-ets to boeomo really IKXUI- t Ifnl from thuusoof complexion bwuitl- , fiers. llrlght eyes , eletir skin anil rosy eheclcs , follow moderato - erato oxuicise , fresh nlr , Rood food , and the judicious use of the " Prescription. " All women require a tonic niul nervine at some period of their lives. Whether suffer ing from nervousness , dizziness , fnintnosg , displacement , ratarrhal inflammation of the limiiR membranes , tearing-down wiiMttlous. or general debility , the " I'reseriptiou" reaches tlio origin of tlio trouble mid corrects it. OiHiraiitcell to benefit , or the money U refunded. The wny to euro Ciitnirli tliera Is but ono way tnko Dr. Bngo's Homedy. There's $500 reward offered for nn incurable cnso. SOUTH Union Stock Yards Company , Sou tli Ornariai Host Cnttlo Ho ntulMiHip market In t'.i3 woit. CQMKIS3ID.S HOUSES. Wood Brolhsrs , LIve Stock Oonimlstlon MorcVinli. South Onmlm Telephone IIJ7. Clilcnga JOHN I ) . DADI-iMAN , I . , - _ , . . \V.\I.TKU K. WOOD. fM"lmscrr Market Ilojiortihy mtll lll.vlrj caoirfullf I Bbsit iipaa n OMAHA /.WHIHDS AND TENTS Omaha Tent-Awning Wolf Bros. & Co. , COMl'ASV. nnurn-iiiriirj or tonn. imnln.M. on,0i mill IIOIIHIrovnii : ) , . . TUaM. | iiii : strjul. II I.I rnrmin St. BAGS 4H3 TWIN'S- I DI3YQIES , Bemis Omaha Big M , 0. Daxon , C'OMl'ANV. ' linporlurj anil mtn.rri Mlcyclo ! eel I on monthlr nuur nacki , burl.ipi , txlue. 12JN 15th. BOOTS AIIO SMOE5. MorsoCoe Shoe Company , Salesroom and Ollk-e-1107 IHU-tlll llonnrl . Knctonr-lllll-1121-llS.I Howard St. We ere tlic ovi.v Mnnuf.v.-tuiori of Iloota an.l tliuc lntlio t teol Nebraska. A Ki'iuT.0 Invlinllon l > oxtt'mliMl to iill to Innpect our new fucuiry. Kirkendall , Jones & Am3r. Hand-Sewel TOMl'AXV. WlioltHAle S1IOKCO. , booti.nhoii mill , nxonti lloc.on and rilblioriMO'li , UJi- Kubtittr rilioj To . llJi- 13IU Mirier 31- IIUI-IIW H-unor St. COAL , C3KE. C'IRIIICE , Omaha Coal , Oka & Eagle Coralcj Works 1.1MK CO. . hard and VJK Mfr < valrnnliul Iron con ) . S K cor. lUtii an I cornlo nl ill * oipi. uiofililo 'ciiiihtt , oto. H'.U-IIU oJuI. . DRY GOODS. M , E. Smith & Co. , Kilpitric'i-Koo'i Dry ( iOOD.S CO , I'ry k-ooj . notloni , fur- Nottoni. KJati1 furilih- nulilni : nooU cjnur Jiejf. llti : anl Mill and Hj.vard Stk SI i. FURNITURE. Omaha Upholstering Beebja SL Ruoyan CO , uplioliteroJ furnl- rUHNITUHK CO. , Uraco ture , IIJ2IIUI NlchoUj bUVUoleiftl oul/ . and 13IU SI * . 1 \ ! 3 7 \ JE Rector A Wilhelmy Lim , COMl'ANV , I DI-AHTI lii lMn.r | irj Corner 10th nn.IJaoiso.i I tuct.i.inluV ID > ii Ji.ojti. . I IIJI ) ) ; . Jt. HATS , En. i IRDI vmx ; . W.A.L.GitaK ) . OmihaSafonllm IVIioluiulo W01IK4 IlstrCMH. Btr.in go ) li. Siifos.r.iiiltt. j ill woric. clovo.o. niUtoni , 2U ( run < li.itn-r < nn | Mm ui and H\rnof : .1ls. capo i. AnlrdTii .t I ) ir- clt lit i IKI I lucii.i.i. tUMBE1 ? . John A. WakeihlJ , Chirlss R. f.3) ) , Jmi'ortotl.Ainorloinl'ort ' lnrdffoitl ti in if. rr J > i lumt o .mi'jnt. Mllvr tn- carpati .in I p if | ill keucornint nnd-jJt.u/ M.I > In/ . Vth 111,1 .l LIQUOR3. Frick & Hartal , I , ObirWdw S Co I.iipirttri in I Juhbur * ot inillliiry. notion * . Mull o.lrj p > n i.lr 11XJI Fnrrum Jt < JKI14 ! lll.i it.