ivilTV
A Dark Medallion Driwn of the Discoverer
of Arrorica.
SCATHING REVIEW OF A DARING CAREER
AMnnMtliont a Country nmlVlthout u
Ooiliclcnrn Cruel , A nrlrlon i le-
cr I trill u nil lllooil *
thinly.
In ttio last number of llie Arena A. I' .
Dunlop presents to tno American people nn
interesting compilation from historic data
concerning the real character of the rann
whoso fame tvsts upon tno discovery of
America.
Dunne the coming celebration of Uio dls-
covory of America not a tingle momoor or
the rnco discovered will oo present to partici
pate In the rcjolcinc. The swift destruction
of the Carlb roco has uo pnrallol In the
world's history ; and yet , according to Chris
topher Columbus' own letters ami the aocu-
munU left by numerous historians of tnat
dav. tno Islands wcro densely populated.
Columbus , who was said to have been dis
posed to nil kinds of ngrouablo Impressions ,
writes that ho "was delighted with tno purity
nnd suavity of the atmosphere , the crystal
"transparency of the sea , and the extraordi
I- . ' * nary beauty of vegetation" ; and yet , within
thn'lncrodlblv short Inpsu of twelve years ,
the Canb scorns to havn bnun exterminated ,
nnd In lWO ! was madu necessary un oxcedl-
tlon , under Uo Axlloti , to the Carollnns , "for
idavos to work on the plantations and In the
mines of San Domingo. "
To approximately estimate the number of
this race that inhibited ttio West Indies
when Christopher Columbus landed would
bo imposilblo ; but Sun Domingo alone must
have been Ibirkly populated , for In a letter
from Christopher Columbus to "Their High
nesses , " ho writes : "The town consisted of
1,000 nouses and moro than ; t,000 Inhabitants.
* Tno country was cultivated every
where * * the piths witio nnJ commo
dious. Thus they uro well llttod to oo
governed and sot to work to till tno land nnd
. * * 'iho
do whatever Is necessary.
houses ana towns nro very hundsoTio , ana
the Inhabitants live in each settlement under
the rule of a sovereign. These magistrates
arc persons of excellent manners "
When Columbus returned to Spain nnd
presented himself bolero the royal pres
ence of Ferdinand and Isabella bo
was accompanied bvr several of these
natlvo Islanders , "arrayed in their simple
barbaric costume , nnd decorated with collars
nnd Bracelets and other ornaments of gold
rudolv fashioned , " showing t least , that
they haa a partial knowledge of working the
nrocfous mineral , which , however , was never
found In great ubimdnnco on any of the
West .Indian Islands.
In researches made during the past twenty
years on most of the Islands for iho dis
covery of a trace of this extinct race , abso
lutely nothing has been found ; and tradi
tions , which on all of the islands nro care
fully handed down , thiowlng sometimes a
gUropioof several centuries buck , fall oven
to whisper that the Imported slave over
round th" nniivo slave. The avaricious ,
bloodthirsty but pious discoverers , In their
greed for gold , enslaved this kind hearted
j-ooplo , and by the lash whipped millions of
them from the fnco of tbo earth. How this
was douo Is shown by the documents of
tbo good Dominican friar Las Casns ,
who says that -40,000 of them porishcd
on end group of Islands ' 'in n
short time by the sword of tbo soldier or
tbo lash of the driver. "
How much Columbus has to do with this
cold-b'oodcd ' snd cowardly massacre and
with tno discovery of America , Is well
worthy of thoutrht at n moment when His
name and achievements are being wafted
over the civilized world , anu espcciallv
honored bv tbo Unitna Slates of America ,
with tbo discovery of which ho had person
ally nothing lo do , and with which his name
should never bo connected.
Au honest wool o.irder , Dominic Colon , Is
maao to stand in history as the father of
Columbus , whllo Fernando , Columbus' son ,
writes that his father's family always
"traded by the sea. " In the lifth chapter of
Fornando's history hC writes : "A famous
man of bis name and family , called Colon ,
rcnowpcd upon the sea , Insomuch that they
made use of his name to frighten children in
the cradle. * * * This man \vns called Colon ,
the younger. " Ho further writes that his
father sailed "fora long tlmo' " with this
Colon , and describes nn encounter between
tuosu pirates und some galleys from Flanders -
dors , In which Christopher barely escaped
to Lisbon with his life.
Ho also writes that his father was a
"light-haired man"nndspu.iks of a physiolo
gical i phenomenon , as "at 30 hU hair was
white. "
At the tlmo of the capture of the galleys ,
Columbus is , however , aaia to Imvo boon fit )
years old ; end In a letter written by him lethe
the Spanish sovereigns ho says : " .Most Su-
ratio Princes : 1 wont lo sea very young and
liavo continued 10 this day , now forty yeaiy.
Our Lord * * has mudo mo
very sltiltul In navigation ; knowing enough
In astrology , anu so In geometry und
arithmetic. God has given mo genius , " oto.
Columbus also wrote that ho made a voy-
ngo for tno king of Naplus to capture a ship ,
nnd Iho principal fact on which ho dwells U
that ho "cbniu'cd Iho points ol the compass , "
and docolvcd tbo men , "so at break of day
wo found ourselves near Capo Curlogna , all
uboard thinking wo had ceilululy busn sail
ing for Marseille ; " and ibis furnishes tbo
cluoto the chatactorof "tho discoverer , "
falsehood and deceit being Its prominent
traits.
Ho also professes to have mudo a voyngo
to "an hundred leagues bay end Thule , "
whoso southern port Is Til degrees distant
from Iho equinoctial. As bu pretends
then to have been u skilled mapnmkor , It Is
difllcult to understand why bo did not "dis
cover" a treatise there called the "Descrip
tion of Iho whole ICarlh , " In existence in
Iceland ut the end of iho thlrtuonth cen
tury.
Columbus swum nshoro with the aid of nn
oar from tbo burning galleys , und wont to
Lisbon , wborohn married DonuFolipaMunlz >
db 1'orestrola. His .vlfo'.s fnlher loiiviug ir
Bomq possessions in Mndolui , iho is
Columbus EOUII altorwards took up his nbodo
in that country , About his history on Unit ,
Island the lolloping is an oxtr.ict fiom "Tho
Koyul Commentaries of I'oru , " written In
Spanish by the Jtic'i ' fiarcilasso do Inega ,
and translated into English by bit1 Paul Hy-
cautiu Ib3 ( : "About tuo year 1181 , n cur
tain pilot , natlvo of Hulvn In iho county vDl
Niobla , called Alonzo Sanchez , usually
traded In a small vessel from Spain
to the Canaries , and there land
ing the commodities of that coun
try culled thu Mndorus , nnd thence freighted
with sugar and other conserves , roturr.od
homo to Spain ; tnls was his constant course
mid trafllckhon , in onoof those vogages ,
ineellug with a most violent tempest und not
nule lo bear sail , hu was forced lo put ooforo
the wind for ihu spuco of tweniy-oUht or
twenty-nluo dttye. not Knowing wboio eras
whither ho went , for In all that tlmo tie was
not able to taku nil obseivntlou of tbo height
of iho sun ; und so grievous was the utorin
that the mariners could with uo CO
nlthor eat or sleep. At louglti , after so n y
long and tedious days , the wind abated , they
found themselves nuar a'i islandiWhtub ItU
\vus , not certainly known , but it is bu-
jlovoil to liavu bc'uu San Domingo ,
because that Ijes Just west of
tbo Cauurlcf , whunco u storm at
cast had dilveti tbo ship , whlnh is the moro
Birange , > * ocuuso iho easterly winds holdom
plow hard in ihoso seas , und rulhor make
fair weather tluu tempestuous. * * *
U'lio master , landing on thu shore , observed
thu helghV of tbo sun , and so noticed particu
larly In writing what ho hud seen uud what
had happened on this royago out and home ,
niid having lupollod himself with frejli \
water anil wooJ , ho put to sea again ; but
having not well observed bis course lulthor . ,
Ills way Jo return was moro dittlcull '
uud made u VOVUL-O su long thai
ho began to want both water and
provisions , winch boingadilud to their ( ormoi
Bufferings , tbo people u-H sck | uud died in
that munlier lhat of seventeen persons whicti
came out of bpain there remained but live ,
only alive when tboy arrived nt Terooras , dl
wbfcu tuo toaster was oho. These cunia ail
" * " to lodco ot the house of that fihnous Goonoii
railed CluUtopbor Colon , borauso tuoy unou
imu to bo a givat seaman fttul coimp rapber
and ono who tnndo sea charts to sail by ; ani
"or this reason hi received Iheui with mucl
klndtins , ana troued them wttb all Ibine
uoccMBrv , vimt o bo mlgh *
K from them the nartlulars wwcl
occurred and tbo Ulscovorfn. they Uf.3 allu
ja tbU Jabpnoua voya o. Wui in 'J '
they brought n languishing distemper with
them , caused br their sufferings nisei , nud
Ot which they could not recover by the kind
imfto or Colon , they all banponod to die In
his houso. leaving their labors for his inw
hcrllnnco , Iho which ho Improved with
sueh readiness of mind that ho under
went ! morannd greater than thoyin regard
that they lasted lonircrj and nt length ho so
well succeeded in nls enterprise that ho be
stowed the new world , with nil Its riches ,
Spilti. " *
upon
Fernando writes ! "Ho-Columbus ( ) had
nlwavs proposed to hlmsoif to llnd land ac
cording to the plnco thev were then in. < s
they well know he had often told them ho
never expected to find land until he was 75U
leagues to tbo westward of the Cunnrlos. "
low In the journal of Soptombsr SO , 119) , is
written , "Mnrtln Alonzo Plnzou conferred
with iho admiral on the cha't in which lands
worn laid down , ns the ships were In that
neighborhood" ; nnd on Ontober ! ! , Mitt , "Tho
admiral considered the ships were to the
westward of the Islands marked on iho
IVel
chart. "
Knowing the specific spot , but without
sclcntlllo date or argument , ho showo.l him
self ns Ignoi ant ns ho noes In his writing , for
Andres Butnsl , unown ns the good ctirato of
Los Pnlaeios , in whoso house Christopher
Columbus lived , wriios that ho was "A man
ol much mind , but with little learning , " and
it must bo home m mind that the Arabs had
for centuries enlightened Spain , Hint the
cltlosof Cotdovnutid Salamanca possessed
spheres , zoJtacs , etc. , and that the lonrnud of
these schools had n correct Idea of the antip
odes and of iho sphericity ot the glebe ,
whllo Columbus snld that the world was
"pour-shape. "
The story of the dead pilot
might have brought conviction to
these savnnts , but this Columbus refused to
give , fearing ho might bo deprived of bis
reward : nnd just how shrewd this "holy"
discoverer , who afterwards stvled himself
the "Christboa.'er , " was can uo gathered by
the tnrms finally ncrrced upon by tl\elr \ Cath
olic majesties A'prll 17 , 1 111. .
First Tnutr highnesses , as sovereign of
the ocean , constitute Oon Christopher Colum
bus their admiral in all these islands nnd
continents that by Ins Industry shall bo dls-
covcri-d or conquered In Iho said ocean dur
ing his own lifo nnd after his death to his
heirs and sticcessois , ono by one , forever ,
with all the prc-omluenr.es ami prerogative
to that oflico pertaining : and tn the same
manner ns Don Alonzo Honriquez , their
grand ndmtrnl of Castllle , nnd his piedocos-
sors in sniil oflli-o had enjoyed the sumo
within their districts. " Then follows the
terms which the discoverer demanded :
"That ho have and enjoy the tenth put of It
for hllnscjlf. " ot < \ not a bad bargain
for a pious discoverer setting sail for "tho
conveision of snvuges to our holy faith. "
During the vovniroColutnbus gives himsnlf
undue credit for deceit. Hoviites that ho
kept ono log book for himself and n falao ono
with which to deceive his crow. This could
scarcely hnvo been true , for both the Pin-
zons wow skilled nuvicators , and on Sop-
tnmbor 17 , M02 , ho contradicts his statement
by writing that ho ordered thu pilot lo make
observations ot the heavens. Neither Is the
population of mutiny evident , for Columbus'
own log book snows that Martin Alonzo Pin-
zen arid VmeotiliYanez kept the vessels
ahead during tlioonliro vovagi' , having often
to wait for the approach of the Santa Maria ,
and this ibey cerialnly would not have done
had them be'en any desire to turn back ,
At 2 o'clouk on the morning of October 12 ,
the Pinta being fur ahead , fired a gun , in
signal of having Hiehled land , first seen by
Juan Uodriiiues Bertncjo. In order , how
ever , to net the ! > 0 crowns n year , promised
bv "Their Highnesses , " Columbus said ho
had soon light nt 10 o'clock the night before.
According to the log book. Columbus must
have seen this spiritual hcht nt a distance of
lifty miles ; that is. a torch in the hands of a
savage upon Iho Hat shore of the Island of
San Salvador , nnd through the globular lonn
of the earth , Irving , who noticed this incon
sistency , writes : "Had Columbus soon n
light ahead , four hours' swift sailing would
have broucht mm high nnd dry upon the
shore. " The fraud is , however , too plain to
leave doubt ns to the baseness in Columbus
in defrauding Bcrmejo out of his Just re
ward , which was afturwards paid yearly to
Columbus ut , thoshumblos of Suvlllo.
When Christopher Colutibus , as Irving
tells us , landed In "his scarlet dross" nud the
evidently false account of the crow's fawn
ing and kissing the discoverer's feet , and the
ceremony of receiving the oath of ulloalanco
to him was ever , ho proceeded at once to
converse with the "Indians end was directed
bv them to lauds where gold is found. "
Meeting n race totally different from his
own , ho on the sumo day writes "their
highnesses" all the Information about thorn ,
as if thov were educated people perfectly
able to converse intelligently with him nnd ,
before leaving , carried off sovou of them , to
act as interpreters.
Next ho soils to St. Mary of the Concep
tion , where bo pens iho amazing falsehoods
to "their highnesses , " that bo enbuled the
odor of rich spices of Asia , " and that night
ingales nro so numerous as , iu their flight ,
to darken the sky.
The utter tack of truth of Columbus Is ,
houovor. best seen in a letter to Sautugol ,
now in the archives of Snam , In which he
writes "ono of the provinces is called
Cavnn. Men having tails are born thore. '
( Columbus' letter to the Kscribnno do
Hacion , February 15 , HOJ. ) Murk his de
celt and cunning duplicity when ho made
tt anpoar that ho was on the borders
of Cathay , and despatched an cmuassy to
the grand Uhnu. That Colnmbjs did
not then imagine that ho was in Asia , is
proven by his son , who tells us that his
"father did not give them that nnma ( Iiidl-
nns ) ' because ho thought them to bo the
Indies , out because all men wera sensible of
the riches and wealth of India ; and there
fore bv that name ho thought to tempt their
Catholic majiisllos , who wcro doubtful of his
undertaking , telling Vhem ho wont to dis
cover thn Indies by way ot tno west ( "His-
torlu del Almlranto , " chapter VI ) ,
On Docomt.1or7 Columbus discovered the
island or Haiti the chief seeno of his Inhu
manity mul crime. The llrst capture wits a
young woman with n binall gold ornament in
her noso. This awakened the covetous greed
of Columbus , und hero he remained.
Paler Martyr thus described this island :
"It Is certain that the land among these people -
plo is us common us iho sun und water , and
that 'mine and thlno , ' the seed of all misery ,
have no pliicu wllh them , They uro contain
with so llttlu that , In so largo a countrythoy
hBvo rather a superfluity than scarceness ;
so that they seem to live in tlio golden world
without toil , living in open gardens , not in-
tionchcd with dikes , divided with hedges or
defended with walls. They deal truly with
ono another , without laws , without booits ,
without judges , They iaio him for an evil
and mischovlous man who taueth pleasure ;
in doing hurl to another ; and , nlljolt , they
delight not In superfluities , yet inov make
provision * for thu increase of such roots
whereof they make broad , oonitml with suoh
simple diet whctuby health Is picscrved und
o uvoidcd. " ( Peter Martyr , Decade idJ
Hook III. )
ns soon ns Columbus 1ms stationed
ide
himself at this beautiful islaud , hu Imme
diately writtmo.Sanlaiik'clluut "La Navidml
is convoniotly situated for commerce th
iho grand It ban nnd offers grand us
for Iho ox purl of slaves. " ( Mittcr tn iho
Escrlbanu do Kiiclon , Fobiuary 1,1 , 14011. )
At the point Columbus again as he
oftui afterwards did shows himself as
a navigator. Ills own words uro
as follows , always garnished wllh pluty ,
"On the 2Hh of DdOQinucr , wnilo
lying off the coast of Hlspuniola , It pleased
the Lord seeing mo go to bed , and \vu being |
In thu dead calm an still as water in a illsh ,
all the men went to bud , leaving iho helm
ton grumeta ( boy ) . Then it came to pass
that the current easily cart led away the
ship upon onu of those shoals which , though
it was night , made such a roaring nolso , that
' they might bo heard aud discovered a Icaguo
'off. "
Tuis sheer carelessness of "tho admiral of
the sen" thus , made the St. Manila , thn host
and largust of his vussels , u total uivclt :
nnd but for the chief , Guacanngarl , who '
came with all his canoes lo their assisiauco
many lU'os would have beau lost. But such
carelessness ia excused by iho historians in
, , n man who was constantly "deluding him'
, self" ( Irving ) into the belief ttml ho "saw
i ibreo mermaids" ( Herrora , West Indies , Do
1 cado I. , Boot II. chapter I. ) nnd "two Iilands
opposite each oiuorthoonosolely luhaultcd bj
i women or warlike nature , the other solely bj
) num. " Jt would bo bettor to bolloyo thill Co
lumbuv , iuttluaj of being the deluded , was
tuodcludur , and that tbu lablos of uiciiiialJa
liinu with tails , dotfs' Uc.uia and "ono eye , '
are cut from the a a mo cloth as his statoinun
tUat'lho small ] Hut islaiul of Ban aoivudo
, i _ _ .
Washltiijton Iryinc frankly admits hat
the veracity of tUi Uocuinoutvvoulil de
dean
Btroy all bin ( Columbus' i merits a an i
' nrlKlnul dUcov ior , " ( IrvlDK uppondiit No
XI ) , but to clvo au extract from all the old
, wrtfr * wlio corrcuorata his story of the
cojd mloi woulu lena till a yalunio.
contained n hnrbor cnuablo ot hoUllne nil tbo
Hhlnt of ChrlitoniJoiii.
HeturnliiR to Sruln after bU first vorazo ,
Columbus < land nt the Island of St , Mary ,
where the ComnmnJor Caituneldn , who
knotv him In hh former days or nl-hoy. ar
rested tno entire party ( A il. Uochar , Ijand-
fall or Columbus , p.tei ) 2H ( ) ; but llnillnc him
"Icadlnbn new life , " ho wan reloaded , nnd
lUo prznt navitrntor , "Dy mhtako , " sights
LUbon , where bo spread' the toporl that the
Nlnn wits leaded down with sold. Anil then
ho started for Darcolonn , where Fernando
wouUt bavo U bcliuvoJ lhat there ww much
loy.Mr.
Mr. ( ioorpo Summer , tlio omlnont anti
quarian , however , gives the following In-
lormnllon ;
. " .fudglne from the brilliant recaption
five' by Irving anil 1'rcscott on the nr-
rival of Columbus nt Barcelona , nnd
of hU reception by tlio Catholic
sovereigns , it scorned to mo probable that
some ojntcninorary account of tnoir arrival
nnd reception , ai well ns of the sojourn of
Columbus mlRht bo tound lit Bari-otnnn :
and whtlo l hero , in the spritiR of 1311 , 1
searched ihn nilmirably nrtancoci nrcldvos of
AruRon , nnd nlso those of Barcelona , for
such notice , but without any success. I could
nut llnd so much .11 a mention or the name or
Columbus. * * * On tbo data or
November 15 , M'JJ ' ( in thu Olotariaj Is the
following untrv :
"Tho Itlntf nnd queen nnd promoRonlto ou-
torod the citv todnv and lodged in the palnco
of the bishop or UrRll , in tlio Callo Anchn. "
"UK1Hli ! ol February , Ulna and quoun wont
to Alscrat. " "Mth , Ulnc nnd qtleon returned
to Barcelona. ' ' Not a word about Columbus.
The naked and prosaio truth is tbat Col
umbus i received by In * snvcrnlf-ns nnd al
lowed to tell thn story or his voyncos , the
burden of which his historians wrlto , was
that bo assured their mnjfstlds tliat these ho
had loft behind him would collect n ion of
pold before his return ; thatho talked of bolnit
soon nblo to ralso sueh nn army as should re
lease the holy sepulchre from the Inlldols.
Ho declared that wealth could bo gathered
without cost ot labor , and that iho riches of
Asia wcro nt the command of Spam.
Ho was equipped for n sncoud vovnf-o
after the bull of Pope Alexander VI. had
deeded the lands to Snaln "solely on the
testimony tit Colutnbua , " thn Inhabitants of
which nro "numerous , live peacefully ami , It ,
Is nnirmod. jo naked and loed not upon
human llesh. " No sooner had he , however ,
returned to the now world than ho sees
that the "ton of cold" ho promised was not
collected , that the snlcos of Asia could not
bo found , and then his mind turned upon the
t'onllo savaco , and his reminiscences of thu
Guinea slave trade nro brought to mind as n
source ot wealth. To establish slavery ho
must represent his victims us monsters ,
feeding upon human llesh , and thus mnko
out that to cnslavo was to civilize them.
On the second return to tlio Island ho
despatched a document to "tuoir blun
nesses' . " in the seventh paranraph of which
ho boldly bpRins his proposal lo cnslavo the
Indians. Hu tells "their hichncssoi" that
ho herewith sends some slaves , nddinj ; that
"their highnesses intent fix duties on the
slaves who miirht bo taken ever , upon their
arrival In Spain. "
In ono paragraph , afar making the false
ohnnio ot cannibalism against the natives ,
ho sees Into n systematic plan for hu project.
Ho shows that the Island is in need of cattle ,
nnd proposes that ships be sor.t toItio col
ony laden with oxun , mules , oti1. , nnd
returned to Spain with n cargo of human
livnstocUfromtliocaiinib.il portion of the
populatiou. Bui In his oigorness to estab
lish this slave trade on the grounds of can
nibalism ho stultified htm- > cir by pr/ihms
the Intelligence of the inhabitants , losing
sight ot Iho fact tha' , these wtio oat human
flesh are ulwnys umoni ; thn most debased
races , and but ono remove from the brute.
Yet in his lirst letter to hu sov
ereigns bo had written "I did
not llnd , ns some of us oxoected ,
any cannibals among them , but
on the contrarv , men of grunt deference and
kindness. Neither nro they black like the
Klhioplnn ; their hair is smooth und straight.1'
Never wns slavery tnoro deliberately planned ,
and yet "tno sweetqucon" of "glorious mem
ory" after being shocked , slcnod an order in
15U3heroby she compuilod them to work
as onlv slaves are compelled.
On his second voyage Columbus brought
hundreds of youn ? Spaniards , who left their
luxurious homo , turod by his tnlos or gold ,
nnd to them bis fal'ehoodssoon-beuatno mani
fest. With charaolorisiio selfishness , Col
umbus llr t builds a house for himself ( Ilor-
rora , Decade I. , chapter XI. , ) lecvinp the
gentler born to die from tlio cffocts of tno
hardship they endured. Rebellion became
ripe , and to quell it , Columbus sent 400 oT Inu
less stultly into the interior , with the instruc
tions that "tho two-fold object" of the expo-
bltlou was "overawing the natives and
feeding the men without drawing on the
colony for supplies. "
Don I'udro Margarlto , at the head of this
buugry band , matched through the island.
Their avarice , licentiousness and brtttjilitv
exceeded all bounds and caused .such dis
may to Bishop Boyle , appointed by the pope
as apostolic vicar and head of the church in
the western lands , that ho desired to return
to Spain. In hU capacity hu had before re
monstrated with and excommunicated
Columous , whorouuon "tho holy navigator"
refused to furnish the pops's vicar with pro
visions , and ho was literally btarvod out of
the Island
Both Maiffarico nnd Boyle left for
Spain ou ono of thu ships that had
brought Barttiolomo.v Columbus out ,
and after that , Columbus is found
battling with tbo Indians , " 5UJ or
them being taken prisoners und sent to
Spain nt ono time , " ( Spotorno HUloria
Meuioria , p. b(5. ( ) After this no talk is made
of unbluving cannibals only , us prisoners of
wur became mow available.
When Columbus supposed ho hud secured
tranquilUy , ho balled on further oxpndiilons ,
April" ! , 1IUI , discovering Jamaica. Ou IhU
voyage , though ho Icuew hu was not in Asia ,
mm was unwllllnt ; to trust to further dis
coveries , ho sent n public notary , Funttmd 1
1'crcz do Luna , to cauh of his vessels , ilo-
maiidmi ; formally ot every person.
an nfllriimtiou "that tbo land no-
fora linn was u continent , iho
beginning anu the end of thu Indies , by
which nny ono might return by lund lo
Spain. " ( Irving. ) "Loit ttioy should su b-
suquoiitly , out of mallu or caprice , contra
dict the opinion thus solemnly iwowcd , it
was proclaimed , uy ihu notary , that whosoever -
ever should olload in suun a manner , if un
ollluer , should pay thu penally of 10,000
muravodis ; if u shin boy or u person ol tbo
liuu ramt , hu shouiu rocJivu 100 In-then and
havo.his toniruu out out ! " ( Irving. ) It goes
without saying that the document was
< , ignud , and that tlio "saintly admiral of thu
ocean sea" became cutliy , not alone of a
gross falsehood , but lit suooumlion of par-
jury , and thus the "humano ColttmUu ? " de
termined IbuJutiludo of Cuba/
When the ships , with 5JJ Indians to bo
sold in bpain us blavuj , hud left the now
Huyliaii settlement , iillhouu'li the natives
uro no1 saul to have molenou tuu Spaniards ,
Columbus uiilliuil oiil to ultuclc thorn. "Hu
had with him , " hu\s Irving , "twenty bloodhounds -
hounds , foariuis unil furoulousyuon ; once
they suircd their pruy nolhug could compel
them to rotinguUu their hold , The hordes ,
urged on by their cruel ridivs , Iuro down
upon tin ) unauned aud doluncclcss people ,
striking them to tbo oarlh und trampling
upon them. 1'ho horbuinon dealt blows on
all sides , wllh spear or luncu , and thu blows
wera uot'rulurned ; nuno of tliu > o butchered
and ti'nltlcd Indian ! ! made the
least icsistanco , wlillu iho ulooij-
hounds , suaruo mnro uuvago than their
musters , sprung upon thonuku'i bodies of Iho
immralu und liuuiug , dragging tbum to ttu >
earth and tearing out tlioir bowels ; these
who escaped the nluughtor wcro &old
shivery wor o than duatb. " ( Washington
Irvlng"'s . . . Columbus . Book VIII.chnptor | VI. )
Afior Ibis , began iho real plunder by the
great man. " Always "grcuJy for goid , ho
required every nerj > oa ubovo H to pay the
amount of that motiil which would fill 10u
Flemish tiawu bell" ( litteon dollawj fcvory
ihreo months. In vain did they otTur lo lilt ,
; iho Holds , which Las iuus said would "food
Spain with broad lor loh years" ; In ynm did
, ihoy run lo iho mountains , only la bo
brought back to tha most abject
slavery the world bos ever Unown ,
' They durod neither hunt ntr lisn , uud ,
famished unit fainthearted , they sank by Iho
- wuyslilu , or died iu thn minus under the lash
of the ' 'Cbristboiror , " Yutlhls is thu man
whom Amurlua eutoK ss in us school boijita ; ,
and holds up us an uxamplo tor iinll llou.
- On .Inly 1) ) , H'Ki , ColurnbU' ' * made his second
. end return lo Spain , but the caiUldenco 1Ciu
"
I'otor Martyr , n runtoniuornry , nndnnaof
thu must liiDiitlu wrllur * o ( his UIID | , tlui lu-
lutot thu ull.ilr tu roriuiiulo do Taluvnta.
1'uliru iry 1 , U'Jl ; " 1'ho Uliu mi't ' IIIIBOII. l.l.Ill [
thu luturn of OuluiuliiH to Uiineinnu from
hU honurallu ontori.-rlso , umxilnted hlmaJ-
mlrul ( if the ocean DUI , und u.itisc'l him. on
uuouniit of h > llliiitrloun uucd * . to uuscotn I
. in tnuir pri i'iiio. " 'I lists all said uliutit tlio
tvumlurtui ruouptlou wlilch I'vinaiuli ) , huTf
rora un I Mr. irvuu vrntcd wan tlm tilk Tf
wvvry tuitiiulUu admiration of tUe \ or.il.
him wns sliimon. In vnln did ho nnr.ounco
that bo h d found "Ulft ) , land of Ophlr whence
Solomon procured hfs cold" his fntsohood
ntid fraud but turul iL lo placuo the Invontor.
For u voar and a half ho boegod for ships ;
nnd flnsllv on Msy 30W \ , ships were
crnnted him , nnd'1 the pious oxplornr
snltoii on his third'VdyVigo ' In thn nntao of Iho
Holy Trinity ; nnd , , on the 1st of Auuust ,
1-T.ib , for tlio Ural tiiieVJioliolJ the continent
of America , whlirfi 1iAmonpo Vuspucci had
\ Ulte \ > l the prccouinft year , coasting from
llondiirm to Choinpoako oav , nnd which
Sahasttnn Cabot rc'Abned Juno U4 , 111)7 ) , coast
ing the shores frbitf Libridor to Forida.
( Vnnlirtgon AnalystC.rltiquo ) , page 01 , Ban-
dlhl Vita dl Amerigo A'cspuccl , chapter III. ,
pace 4i. ) , t
pawl On his nrrlval rtfc San Domlneo , this man ,
whom his anlhus'Iimlo advocate , M. de
Lorguoj , whhod to canonlzn , reached the
summit of bis crime * . It Is ono
of the most dhgrncoful pages of
n disgraceful bUtorv , and Illustrates
th treachery , cowardice , inability ,
an gross tvrnnny ot Chriitophor Columbus.
On all sides were murmurs of dlssatlsfiir-
tion. Columbus was held In bitter detesta
tion , Adrian do Moxloi was one or ninny
who fearlessly neousod Columbus of hU
crimes tint 'had brought misery to the
Islands. In nn outburst of passion , the
satntlv Columbus klukod the prlsouor from
the high wmls of the fortress Into the fossa
below. ( See Minor , Wo t Indies , tlccado I , ,
bcolt IV. , ohaptrr I. )
Irving wrote that Columbus , losing all pa
tience , orJored "tho dastard wrt'tcli to bo
llutiir hi'iidlong from the battlements. "
The murder of Moxlcn was , however , but
the uuglnntni ; . Whenever they came upon
u dissatisfied Spaniard ho wns seized ,
the priest confessed him , und
IK was hung foithwltb , In order
that the "admiral's ' onotnloa might give ever
ratling. "
raU But his barbarous rule was soon at nn ond.
Ills enterprise , which ho had promUcil
sboulu enrich Spain , had cost much and paid
nothing. Hundreds ot returned adventur
ers clamored nround thn llng ; and quocn.
shouting , "behold the son of the ndmlral of
Mosquito land , the discoverer of fnlso aud
deceitful countries to bo the ruin and burial
place of Spanish hidalgos. " Columbus wn
therefore relieved by Francisco do Uobadllla ,
fire an order from Madrid. May 21 , 1100.
Columbus rofusbd to obny thu royal com
mand when prcsontod. An Investigation
was hold and Columbus was Imprisoned , "his
own ' cook riveting tuo fetters with as much
readiness and alacrity , " writes Las Cusas ,
"as thouirh ho was serving him with the
choicest viands "
clOl The ship which bow the "sainted" dlscov-
oror from his scones of criniO reached Cadiz
in l.VJO , when ho was Immediately released ,
IItl boll a not wishing to publicly denounce
tlio man by whoso po jurv sno hoped to have
obtained a continent.
0S For four years Columbus remained in
Spain , again bogcinK for vessels wllh which
to discover a "btratt between the Innds"
tiV
which ho was aware existed The cunldily
of thcqucon was again excited , nnd nt length ,
on the llth of May , 150i , ho under
took his fourth voyage , expressly
foroiddon to touch at Hisimniolu
fie fie his outward voyage , and if ncce sury.
only for a short stav on returning. ( Navar-
rntto , Coloco , iip. ) Vol. 1 , p. 'U3. )
This order Vie dlsooayed , Immediately land
ing on the Island ; nnd Ovando , then in coin-
in ind , rafusod lo admit him to the harbor of
Sun IDoniingo. lie sot ; sail for the Mosquito
coast , after which ho visited Jamaica.
On Iho liSth of Jiyic , ono year nftor his
landing nt .larauica.vna embarked for His-
paniola , luaving thonc3 for Spain , where ho
lanood November 7 , Ju l , at San Lucar do la
Bnrraineda , "lodroddcn ( , and had himself
carried to Sovillo. "
The court was weary of the "piunur
pilot , " promisor of rciilms. Uo had failed in
ovcr.v promise ; ho had ' not fulfilled ont. Ho
had 'not visited the g'ralid khan , ho hud not
brought tons of gold to Spain , ho had not
opened the commerce to the east , ho had not
diseovored the strait. , ,
Finnllv ho procceJcu-to the court , then
held in Secovia , where ho was kindly re
ceived in May , 1.VJ5 , .Ferdinand recommend
ing htm "to rest and nuwo his Infirmities , "
nnd May 20 , 13UO , Columbus Uicd at Val-
ladolld.
The falsehood ColdtnMiis Ifoa'an did -ot end
at his death. Mr. Charles Suramor write * :
"Throuchoutall SpJin I knojv of no inscrip
tion to the memory' Ooluuibus. nnd it is 110-
tiu-o nblo tbat tho" government or Spain has
ovcrabstaiiiod frdm any spontaneous recogni
tion of Columbus ; and when Hisoaniola wns
ceded to France , In 1. > : W , no reservation was
made of bis ashos. " It Is only
on the brazoit door of iho
imliounl capital that congress doomed
it proper to Import a bronze to symbolics u
tiction the tabled ontrv Into Bar
celona , which never took place ; und
It is to culogizo this man that Europe , Asm ,
Airica and Oreanlca will bo invited n man
who robbed the dead , falsely called bimsoir
n discoverer , and destroy od u peaceable ruco ,
strlkmir inoni out of existence.
Irving writes that ho was not wllllni ! to
leave Spain ; u tie of a louder nature still
held him to that country. LlUo
bis whole being , his name , bis parentage ,
his birthplace , Im lifo , this incident
is wrapt in obsourlty. The ideas on science
of this bearer of the gospel to the houthen
natives may bo .suinmud up as follows :
"I affirm that the glebe is not spherical.
The world Is but small. Out of seven divis
ions tlio dry part occupies BIX , und the
sovQitth is entirely covered with water , lix-
perionce has shown it , and I have written It
with quotations from the holy scriptures. "
( Lutlur to his sovereigns , July 7 , 1503. )
L'is Casas cills nitu "an unlettered nd-
miial ; " llumboliit writes , "Ho was but lit-
lie familiar with mathematics and in abso
lute want of knoxvledgo of natural history , "
whllo M. do Lorgucs , who would mnko him
a balm , is "astonished with thu iguoranco of
Columbus. "
What did ColUiiious then originate but fic
tion I Gam was his eteat object und love of
gold his motive pownr. Gold was his
god , und bo sought it as a pirate , as un Afrl
can slave dealer , and us a West Indian slave
stonier. ( ! old , ho thought nnd wrote , could
purchuso his entrance Into lie won. "Gold is
the most precious of all commodillcs ; qolil con-
sllliitcb treasure , nnd ho who possesses it has
nil hirnocds , in this worldund also the moans
of rosculng souls from purgatory and restor
ing thorn to iho enjoyment or pirndiso , "
Some years ago u monum < .iil was to bo
erected nt G'tioa to the memory of Colum
bus , although the following towns ulnimi'd
him : Mouforrat. Bogliaaco , Chiovaru , Onog-
Un , Qiiliuo , Alulsolii , Noivl , Pradello , Cogo-
loto , Savonii , Ferraru , 1'iacuu/a , fieiioa and
\\itnlnlholasi year Corjlcn , I'ornandois
not able tn decide , lion era say.Clcnoa ;
Salinero , Unit nny ono who would
deny Uonoa that honor "would DO'
n monster. " An ncuurato birth roj/-
ister was kept in Uenoa , however ,
but the nuuio Is not tn bo found In It. if his
name wns Nlcolo Oriogo , "sometimes called
Columbus , " ho was probably n ( Jroelc.
There are numciviis portraits of
Columbus , but on examination none
looked lll'.o another. Prof. l r-
saud , on oxamtng jji'eni , said they wuro
all false , and Huotorna clulmod
lhat "Spain could neb produce u true picture
of Cotumbus. " Fci'namio ' does nut iiifiitlon
that his fattier sat fQrijpoririiit , though the
art of portrait painigj | | In that dav , was nt
its height , and coplo , ptpvory | important por-
sonagn nro rxtant ; titiUln his "Ilistoila del
A ralraii to , " chapter III. , Fotnando snya "his
vlsago was long , uU eyd were whlti' , ho had
a hawk nose , " Otln-rw say that bo had rud
hulr und mat bo baa wimple * on his faco. )
DH Bry claims that Jijl possusscd a portrait
ecu in the coum-IJ. fit iho Indies , from
whence it was stolen ago sent lo the Notbcr
lands for sale , anp ; , ' , finally oougut by
him , That ho was ( jpk urreslod und Ilia
porlraltconlisciited bj'-tho Snatilsb govern
ment , is proof nnougti ! against his claim.
This picture bus beeil1 h * od by Marquis Du-
ratio in his "Kitloglirur of Columbus , " and
bv Bry In his "Atnoficji , " but as it Is not
positively known K ( jafymbus1 nshos rest on
tno island of San Domingo or on Cuba , so no
one can now tell If any ot the myriads of
spurious likenesses ImVA the faintest ro.om-
bianco to ibo living Columbus. The invent
ors of his glory bavn also invented his
portraits.
But no true plcturo of Columbus lias been
left behind for admiring poitority , ncltbor
has the historian furnl.hud us > with tU true
A ( Muili'r ; antic.
A reported outbreak of cholera at llol- >
mctta. N. J. , creatoa much oxcitomonl in
thutvicinity. luviwllitatlon showed ihil the
disease was not cnolora but a violent dysen
tery , which Is almost ju tovoro and danger
ous as cuoiora. Mr. Walter Wlllara , ra
prominent murchant of Jamesbur * : , two
in i IDS 'roin Helmotta , says Chamborlaln's
C'ollo , Cholera und Dlarihui.i KemeJy 1ms
clvun great sails faction in the most severe
CHSOS of dysunlerv , It l < certuloly ono . of
the best things over tnaJa , For sale by
lltR TtlKATKIIH
Tbo nppcnrnnco of Clara Morris nt Boyd's
theater on October 24 anil Sfi Is nn ovcnt In
theatrical art sirs nl once nolnblonnd nttrnct-
tvo. Miss Morns Is unquestionably the
Rronlost emotional nctress. In the peculiar
lines of dramntto characterization which Uio
essays she has no equal on tlio Kngtlsh
spoakini ; stage. UnllUo many ot the slago
favorites of the dn > ' , her success has been
won by Inherent genius combined with years
of study nnd observation. She has the fac
ulty of entering Into the character portrayed
ROte completely lhat her realism seldom falls
to command the tribute of tears. There Is
DC shatumlnc In her acting ; no simulation of
fcoltng. Her tears are ns gontdno ne over
fell from the eyes of n sorrowing woman. It
IsWl this thut so cndoius her to
woman , and her midtcncos nro always largely
made up of her own ox. On Monday night
in"I
"Camllio" will ho given , nnil on Tuesday night
for thn llrst tlmo on any stnga n play from
thu Gorman , adapted by Miss Morris , en
titled , "Claire. " The following Is the cast
for "Camllio" for Monday evening :
Arm mil Duvnl . I. M. Cnlvlllo
Mons. Huviu . IV. I \ . Onivor
Count Po Vnrvlllo . Wnliur U Kol'uy '
111Ui as ton . . tliinllc Klrkliind
" ' '
UiM astnvo . "i'li'ii'li-a Viii'iu '
Mossotuer . . . lohn U. Klllolt
Mill' . Olympo . Miss Harriet Tord
Mntliiino I'rndonCL' . . . .Mrs I'rud Hooker
Nnnlno . Miss ICalliurliiu Ijtslilno
Mcliutto . . . .Miss Mnmlu Hynn
and
Clara Morris as. . . . . . Camllio
Farnam Street Thontar "Tho Operator. "
Introducing the only twin stars In the world ,
Wllhird and William No voll , which makes
its nppunrnnco nt Farnnm Sttoot. theater
next Thursonv evening , Is n cleverly written
play of the modern melodramatic school ,
Abounding In Htlrrlng ilratnulio situations
mid rcploto with lianur , pathos and comedy
niT
The Mossw. Newell are so o.snetly allko that
they continuously keep their most intimalo
friends guessing which Is which. The plot
olu the nlny la based to a very largo extent
upon the perfect resemblance between the
two loading pirts , nnd it willccr.nlnly prove
II striking novelty. The Ncwoll Twins have
stucod the ulny both as regards scetiury and
wondoiful mechanical effects In a most mag-
nilicont and realistic mannur. Of the many
cllccts to bo prnduceil , ono will consist of
n full-rigged steamship , perfect In
detail , which , owing to the break
ing of n shaft , becomes unmatiauc-
nblo , and being caught in a tor-
rlllo storm , is cast upon the rocks , where she
bninks to pieces nnd sinks in full view of the
entire audionco. Another great effect will
bo the perfect presentation of the railroad
telegraph ofllcc , showing the operator ut
work , as well as the working of thu switches
va
and the block signal systo.n. During thU
scene the fast cxnross Is seen to cross the
stnuo at n lightning speed. After this scouo
follows ono of the most realistic orteets ever
attempted on the American clago. In this
Kcenn is shown n trestle bridge standing sev
enteen feet high from Iho stage , nnd upon
which dashes an oiiKino and tender twontv-
two foot long and nine foot nnd ton inches
blch , cap ib'.o ' of carrying four ur live people
in the cab without iho slightest crowding.
This engine goes through the bridge , and ,
uftur striking1 , the bollQf explodes , making
ono of the most sensational and realistic
aconos that has ever I , ton attempted. In
splto of the many extraordinary otTccts and
dramatic situations and climaxes of Iho
piece , there is still room left for a large
amount , of bright co t.ody and pleasing and
laughable situations.
"Uomeo and Juliet , " n picture of love nnd
its pitiable fate , in a world whoso atmos
phere is too rough for this to nil e rest blossom
of human life. Two beings created for each
other feel mutual love at first glinco , overv
consideration disappears before the invisi
ble Influence , they join themselves secretly ,
under hostile circumstances to tbo union ,
relying tr.orelv on the orotcetion ot an
iimsiblo power. By unfriendly events the
heroic constancy is exposed to many trials ,
till , forcibly separated from oacii other , they
are united in the crave to meet nirnin in an
other world. Such is a brief consideration
of that wonderful love tragedy of Shauc-
spoara'j which Miss Marlowe will produce
nt the Bo.vd theater onTuosday uightof next
week. Her eastern reputation Iu thu character
or Juliet Is ono that In the present dav is not
equaled. The other proauctions of the en
gagement will DO : Monday , "As You Like
It , " and Wodnnsdav "Cymboline. " wailo
"As You Like It" will bo repeated at the
Wednesday matinee.
Patti Hosn , endowed with an abundance of
the gltts und graces of nature , comes to thu
Bovd theater next Friday , Saturday and
Sunday , producing her bright nud merry com
edies , "Dolly Vurden" and "Miss Dixie. "
They are described as appropriate vehicles
for the display of Miss Hoso's stage work ,
nnd ut tbo sumo time afford scope for the use
of the abilities of an cxccllnut company.
Time-nonorod traditions in the writing of
plays for soubrette comediennes have not
bee'n wholly discarded by the author. The
plot may bo never so slight , the incidents
may bo ot every day order aim the charac
ters tmy bo such as hnvo been seen in simi
lar plays from time Immemorial , but nil
this is lost sight of when once
jolly Patli Uosa has beamed upon the audi
ence. Her spiiits are Infectious , her gayety
is catching and the witchery of her art
places criticism at a disadvantage. She has
the happy facultv of placing herself ut once
in exact touch with her nudlcnco. Her com
pany includes Joe Cuwthorn , Mnnrico
Darcy , Gerald Grillin , Kdgar S. Hulstead ,
David H. young , KdgnrVcir , Carrie Fran
cis , Fioronco Ashbrooko , Fannlo E. Jacobs
and others. "Dolly Vurden" will bo played
Friday night.
The closing performance of "Dangers of u
Great City" at Boyd's will bo given tonight.
Nine people out of ten want. "A Bnirol of
Monuy ; " wo cannot all hnvo one , but wo are
to bo" given an opportunity of uoholding the
advantages anil disadvantages ol such a pose -
! > oslbn today at the Furnnm struct theater.
The American stngo bus had nearly every
Utnd of reality imaginable , from a steam tire
engine to an actual hor.su luco , and ono would
suppose that the btngo mechanic's skill had
been tested to its utmost. But the announce
ment , that in 1C. 1) . Starr's Amoiican charac
ter comedy , "A Barre ! of Money , " theio is a
fully equipped and actually woj.iin0' ) station
ary steam engine used in n scene depicting
the machinery room of an iron mill In full
operation , with roul shafting , wheels whirling -
ing , bulls lU7zlng und steam escaping , de
notes that iu this ngo of "liustlingology"
there is no limit to the stage moehuim'a ln-
gentlltv or Iho scenic nrtist's skill. In this
bcono the hoivlnu ( Miss ( Jrac. ; l inniott ; is
actually bound to n huge belt , tbo monstrous
eiiitino Is , set in motion by tuo villain , the
machinery starts , tha belt muvos and Iho
Immcsnso revolving' drive wheel promises
corlnin duuth to the horror-stricken victim ,
who is bolng carried onward. Of course
there is the opportune rescue nnd the htop-
ping o * Iho machinery just in the r.ii-k of
timo. But the thrill of the effect lasts for
some tlmo , and the nmu/cd auditor nxclalms ;
"WJII , what will thov do no.u ! "
Another great bill lias been prepared
for next woim at the Bijou. Com-
munolng Monday mi entira chuiiga
of proirrim will talto placo. The Mackoy
Dramatic company tun been secured
and will present the thrilling four-act drama ,
with prologue , entitled "Tho Dinitoa , or the
Doslroving Angels , " a piny written on the
btirrlnir Incidents connected ulth Iho Moun
tain Meadow mnssacrn. It Is full of stailling
situations and lively dimaxos , Now
scenery has been painted , and it
will bo elegantly staged and beautifully cos
tumed. Bosldu ) Iho drama the usuil olio of
specialties will bo presented , The artists
onirngcd are without equals on the vaude
ville stngo , among t/nirn being the great Fen-
ton brothers , eccentric Iiish comodims ,
Millie Cento , tin ) fumalo equilibrist , und bar
dancing table nnd bariol , the Nichols Bros. ,
marvelous and uarintf acrobats , Herworth &
Klnlov. vocalists nnd daucers. and the For
gusoii fclslerj , disciples of Terpsichoro. The
program is over three hours In length. Tnui
the ( ( Toils of the now management lo plnaso
ore appreciated is nllosted by iho larco.
audiences tbat gather ovury evening. Hers-
niter a special fcuturo will bo made of la
dles' day , Friday , on which occasion every
lady will rocolvo u iiouvonlr or value and a
useful nrllclo. Saturday will continue lo bo
chlldioil's uial'.nco day.
Do Witt'a Hara.iiijrnu uuiiroyi suoa pot-
rons us scrofula , skin disimo ) , oczami , rhoa-
ualtsto. its llmely use navei many
Our
Harper's Wooldy : It will astonish a
grout many purbons to lotirn wliat u
crushing muss of miqultloa tmd draw
Cold Snap.
Don't take cold ,
With the Columbus festivities a .frisky norther '
has struck us a little fresh , ain't it , especially
mornings and evenings protect yousclf with a !
'
warm garment
Our overcoats
That's what you need and we have them lo '
suit you in all styles and fabrics , and at prices J"
that take *
What we can do for you Overcoats al $ $3.7 S jj
come in three shades and are stunners they
are woolen goods with and without velvet col SJ
lars , in gray brown and oxford they arc fully Bt
worth $6 call and examine them ' '
We have overcoats running from $3.75 , with u ,
gradual rise in price of 50c a coat till you get to
$30 , the highest , which fit as well as custom "J
made and wear as long
At $7.50 Our $14 Overcoat is a world beater ,
in tans , blue and black
Overcoats in Meltons Cheviots
Cassimercs Wide Wales Stockinettes
Serge and silk lined Box or long ctit '
Colors tan brown oxford blue black
Single and double breasted
o
H e a vy u n dc r we a r
A special sale of 4 cases of shirts and drawers
heavy ribbed full finished French neck
shirts pearl buttons , worth fully 50c each to
close 30c each
Columbia Clothing "Company
Cor. 13th and Farnam
Suscessors to M. Hellman & Co.-
backs to civlli/.atlon may bo logically
piled up on account , ot bad watron road a.
A forcible movement isboing pressed for
a comprehensive exhibit , at Chioiiyo ; of
everything which enters into rmd-m < ilt-
injr Htid mnititoimnuu , uiul thu poi--sons
who are contributing to the ollort hnvo
gathered together boino rcnmrlcnblo
arguments to impress upon our country
men the importance of improving our
internal highways. The movement ia
culled "an uprising agiiin.it , the bondage
winch is upon the people that are hampered -
pored by poor inouns of communication
a protest against a tuv indirectly
placed upon every article of consump
tion. " Tno tendency ol population
toward the cities , tuu abandonment
of farm- ' , und even the modern
development ofD"slutns , " are largely
ascribed to bad roads which are said to
be wor&o and more numerous hero than
in any other civilized country. I { .id
roads , it is argued , cause bchoold and
churctis to be neglected , prevent bouial
intercourse in the country , and make
lifo in the rur.il Uiatt'iuts cheerless ,
isolated , and narrow.
The movement now under way is ui mod
toward utili/.ing a part , of the exposition
ground at Chicago for a com
plete exhibit which shall show iho people
ple how to build and how to kooo good
roads , as well as teach them the almost
vital need there is that \ve nhoul J all of IH
possess them. Very many of the imple
ments and materials in use in road
building are included in the original
cliibbiflcation of exhibits for the fair ,
and all are to bo displayed thoro. Hut
the movers for good roads Hay that the
force of the display is greatly'diluted , if
not destroyed , by the manner in which
it if > to bo made. It ih lo bo si-attorud
about in live buildings , in the agricul
tural suction will bo bhown methods of
construction , tmu-hincriand appaiatusfor
roau malting , wimples of wood paving
nnd Iho methods of treating wood to
cau-o it to reaibl decay. In the mining
building will bo collected the Htonoamid
Mono mixtures or compounds and Iho
rock crushorri. .Systems of dr.iimigo are
clnssilicd for exhibition in the transpor
tation building , while conduits , drains ,
sewers , bridgoH , working pliuih for piv-
Ing and dntiiiago , and the coiihtructiou
of rotidii and their maintenance , all be
long to the dopartmoiitvliioho.xhlbUn
In the manufactures and liberal arts
building.
It would scnm thnt the exhibitions in
the agricultural and liberal arts build
ings cither conflict with or parallel ono
another , but this Ih not the cnso , as ono
deals with roads from the farmer's and
the otjior from the onglnonr'n point of
vlo\v. Klther might bo elaborated to
comprehend the entire Buhomo , but the
exposition ollloialc , whllo asset ling that
they fully rccogni/.o the iinportunuoof
the subject , doolaro that 11n * in not prac
ticable Those who uro combining for
an olTuctivo display insint that they
bhould li.ivoa oulldlng cbpocitvlly devoted
voted to it , 'jut ' the reply tu this IH lhat
tnoro in r.'i teem for Huch a
bul'.ditHf ' n l.-ukioii : > at' . . it will
boa ( ' pliy il t"H ! bbt of all
opporluuitl' v to eiluo'lo lliojiubiio in
this direction < ; tinot ! , fully embraced.
Wo nmy fcoi au.o Unit if it is not , It will
not lie duo to any lr.t k of energy and
ardor on the part of the pre-ont reform
ers. In that case wo shall not bo htir-
pribed to ecu road-making nnd main
tenance made the bubjuot of iHtibsu -
( iiiont and especial exposition. The
kiKiwlcdgo of what is lost by the neglect
of our wagon ways is daily extondlny ,
and with its fioioad iu certain to come a
more and moro pressing demand for no
lion that Bhnll romovu what Jh not
merely u hindoranco to progress , but a
blot uppu our national character.
'lor , .Much 0:1 : Kink.
It Isnot unusual for colds contractoj In the
roll loliuiiK ou all wlutor. In suuti casus
catarrh or cliroalo tiroarbltla are almo t sura
to result. A n/iy-ctwt nettle of CMiamuor-
lam's COUKU Itemed ? will euro uny rold.
Can you ulTord to rU o snuoh for so smull
an amount I TliU roineJy Is Intended oj-
noulally for bid coliU nd crou\ \ ) and can
always bo depended upon. Par § * ls oy drus-
Man who pivos his million's for Iho found
ing of hospitals , collesenna as/lums Isnot
mor o ot n philanthropist than is ho who It
the .ivowo
.ivowoO In i. m p i o ia
Oft'ioBo'i anl the nullVnnc , the
victim i ut dison j. Thuniyriiul of mnla lioi
known : is NorvouChroma and trvato
Dlsoabos are ofso ohsliu to n Itnmplicnt d
nchanctor that only the i test gi.tol , blcil -
iul and wlJoly oxperioncoit
Inllolind ran comji'i'lionJ > i t-urj tium ,
jor 'liny duly Iho ell' rtoof ihrfna ru1 prao-
tltlonor wlio hu not miJu tuoiii hli ilto
stuJy. The euro
Of
KZSSSI
Suoh dl ( i-vses tit' Syphillis , . Cro mrrhaia ,
Qleot. Spent u.'jrihuja. LobtTinlii \ > r > ( l ,
Ell'octs or JSarlVlo , htriiture , Hycl o ,
Varloocolo. Pila' , nnti a thouia-i I uthor
'UIllulloi i ; roquiru
'lit ' a grno of moJiJal bltltl , such au but
fuw intm i > " ) i Hos- .
Tliu r oniU of Irn. JJnlU Ss Jio t . provo'i
th-intoho tiio most 'iblo , HUGO * lul nn I
popular BjiioUhst * in Amurlcu , If u > i m the
World
And th' ntimbor of permanout r rj tiny
have itifuoeod Mlthln the past ! J7 y oar c'iu
not . . . . . bo oq inllod by any othari hy.I'Minn In
- -
--any uthor nountry ,
So id I OOU'H for our illiibtratol buol. o
UiOpiU < a.
Cons illation freo. Call upon or aldrc u
with stami'i
Drs. Belts & Belts
i if ) So. i4tli Street ,
OMAHA. N U
CURB
Anew all Complete 'JrealiionL ronili n { ol
Bupnoiltorlei. O.nunuiit Iu lUpiulm , nlio la llx
{ 1 miul'llli. a I'uilllra Cure lie i ; ur.ul. liitunml
' ' blindoruioaui'mtoiiri * J.irunli ? , iluj .itor tlnrjji
I Urrl'lloi. TiU Hi/no llui uoror li < n li'iuvn tu
iBll.iliur but Ufur/Ji < at nnnll. . IVur inJur/ruii
IUI lurriuu | iilioiu > r m n wrlitu uniranUJ H
iio illTuir lvnn nltlii ) iDcciior loruil tiiamunnri'
DOlcurjil enl tUn furluj : unplu. iuir < ii" *
lnu U br Kulm AUo. , lru/kil < l > , "ul A.-oi : < , ser
Ifilli uuJ liau ui troou. tu.Ji.i. Noli.
Thin , slim , oval , dounlo Moevo buttons uro
very prutty und vnry lollnoiJ , 'J'boso In
wlillu onuiuol v/liU Irari Htid a xinall Uoraldt <
dovlco in golJ , or in ullileddotf nn while ur-
rounUuil with twUlud rltns of k'r Ji ura uovv
und prutty.
l'dWitl'4 sarsaparilla in roll bl .
*
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