r
PHRT THREE. PRGES 17 TO 20 ,
TWENTY-SECOND YEAH. OMAHA , SUNDAY MOUNING , OGTOBEIl 2 , 1892-TWENTY PAGES , NUMBER 105.
WOHAS IS RUSSIA
Wliora the "Gentle Sex" Toil at tbo Hardest
Tasks and Seem Oheorful.
WOMEN VOTE IN THE VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES
Labor Fifteen Hours for Fifteen Oonts and
Do Better Work than tlio Men.
HORRIBLE HONEYMOON OF RUSSIAN BRIDES
Daughtcr-in-Law's PoiStion in the Houso-
Lold one of Slavery or Worsa.
CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATED WOMEN
"Uiirp" Ailinlriis tlio Ituiilnit l.mly unit Mo-
clatuj Tluil In tint Alullcr nl .Miirltul
Clinittlty Stinlliis Ill-enMimliTraduced
t'rco ThliiUllig DniiiHclk.
Moscow. Soot , in. ( Spocinl Correspond-
jcncoof Tin : Hii.J : : Tlio womou of Itusslnl
} low aliiill I describe thorn I
They iiro llku no oilier women oti tbo face
of the globe , nit 1 still among their millions
they huvu tvuus of almost every race of
\\otniin known to man. In St. 1'alorsburtf
jouscethu fuir-lialrcd , bluo-o.vcil , frcekloii-
fncod maidens of Finland walking tlio streets
Mdo by sldo with the i-nd-haired girls wbo
h .vo been linportod thltlicr from tha Cau-
caus and Georgia , nod hero at Moscow you
HCO the Tartars , the Coisaclci and lha Ar
menians mixed together with the other dlf-
Jeiont types ot the oltthty provinces of this
Viibt cmolrc. Along tbo Volga you will moot
Ultr/rent ) costumes utid different races of
women at every landing pluco , nnd the girls
of lilltlo HussLi wear uiffcront clotbcs and
have diflurunt manners from those ot Great
Kdsslaiuid South Husbia. Hero in Moscow
tliuro nro a vast number of gypsies , and Uus-
eiai has tbo Imrcm of the Mohammodun , tbo
p6Vynndry of the Himalayas and all tbo
'
v'lirlu'd combmatlous of civilize. ! love ami
> nnrrluo. The pure Kusslaus look upon
marriage much as wo do , and of Into yoaw
tbo rotations of the sexes among tha uppof
classes liavo been nltnobi ns free as tliov are
with us. Tbo ttusslan lady of today uas nor
friends among tlio young men of her ac
quaintance , and though sbu ruroly uoos out
without u chaporoushe luceivoj bur callers
ji her own nome ana her ideal murrlugo is
ono of lovo.
Of late years the laws of marriage bavo
been radically changed , and now females are
lot-bidden to wed save between the ages of 10
und OJ. Mon cannot marry until they are
18 nor otter they are SG , and divorces are loss
common in Kussla than they are with us.
Tha cburoh of llussi-a objocti to more than
ono marrlnco. It has Its potmncos tor second
nnd third murriugus , and a man who marries a
fcurtU time Is excluded trom the holy com-
liHinloii. Few marriages are made li tlio
upper 'classes without the consent of the
parents , niul In most cases the woman is ex
pected to bring n very respectable dot with
ber. 1 know of an American girl who recent
ly married A Itus'lan noulo. The noble came
to America ana tlio wadding was celebrated
in ouo of our largo citios. Before it took
place , however , the groom called upon the
bride's father and asked about tbo settle
ment.
hiirprUeil tin , Ainorlui > ii I'upii.
" \VhntbcUlomonli" said the old man , wbo
bad considerable wealth , but wbo bad not
hitherto baU u daughter marry European
baron.
"Tuo scttlemont upon my wlfo , " wns the
rooly. "ion't you Intend to give bar somo-
thln'u nt tbo time sho.s marriedi"
" 1 tmd not thought of It , " replied the old
mnn. "And how much do you think she
oughtto have ) "
"Well , " suld the Russian noble with a
lionuanu a haw , "it seems to mu slio ought
to bavo at least STiO.OOJ. It would not bo a
bad idea If the sum was $100,000. "
I don't Know whether the old man objected
Oriot / , but us the story Is told hero ho raised
th'o 850,000 and put the securities for It In
tbo bunk to his daughter's orUor befoio the
man lago took place.
Tlio Russian woman now has moro riehts
nftor mnirlajio ihan she ever bad before.
Two hundred year * ago sbu wns llttlo moro
limn aslavo und tno husband's borso whip
nhvaja hunt ; over tbo bed of tbo married
, ) ) | iir. imd it was used freely. Women were
then seldom soun upon the streets and Peter
tnc Great had a way of Kicking thorn when
lie mot them hero or in St. Petersburg and
tolling them that their place was homo and
that tboy ought to bo in it. Tlio wife boat-
iii ) : of today is almost altogether confined to
the pens mi Is , and the Countess Tolstoi tolil
inu that oven tbc peasants were improving in
tbo treatment of their womeu. The peasant
women have In fact many ilchts of whloh
the women of other parts of the world know
notliliiL' ,
In tno communal systems by which the
villages of Kusslu arc governed the women
stand on an equal footing with tbo mou us
regards tbo distribution of property , and
they have their hharo of tno property of the
village according to their slmro In tno wont.
According to Hussion law tbo legitimate
wives nnd daughters of tbo man got
only one-fourteenth of iho family In-
lirrltiuico , but by tbo law of'tho
peasants the right of inhciitauca comes from
\\orlcnlDiic , and there h no distinction bo-
uvecu wives mid concubines , Tlio husband
inherits tbo wife's property only when they
Uavo lived tocothcr moro than ten years , and
o.herwlsc It pees back to her pirents , Tlio
peasant u onion tnko part in Iho village
usscmbllcs ana widows who are thu heads of
iumlltos bnvo the right to vote. There are
cases in which the whole village assembly
divides iho land of tbo village , and u woman
limy be nwyor of the village if she is elected
m such.
i ; < | iml night * In l.alior.
The peasant women of Russia are all hard
workitra. You see them everywhere In tbo
Holds mowing and reaping , spading up tbo
ground and raking tlio liny and doing hi fact
vvcrythlng that man can do. They work in
i-'angaol twenty or thirty , and each gang of
women Js luually directed by a man , wi o
iittH ai ovLT.set'r ana who noops ihnm at
their worit. Tboy go Into iho fluids almost
us soon as thov are old enough to waik and
they work until they are gray-haired , hard
labor boon takes ma beauty out of thorn ana
tha older women hnva faces like leather , full
of wrinkles and furrowed with care , Tha
younger girls aio plump , brik'ht-a.vcd and , In
eomo casua , pretty. J have been fobeauti
ful woman among tbem , but lliero are tew
very ugly ones.
The typo of tlioHusslan peasant's face is
that of the best t ; pa of u kind mother and
thu must of tno faces show strength of uhur-
UCUT una umuy ot them are what you would
call Him looitluc. .Marriages among iho
prnMinU nro made both on tbo grounds of
convcnlenca mid low , Tbo sexes associate
no closely together in their work ana in tbo
villages that they have u cuanca to got
thoroughly acquainted with ono another ,
ui.u ugooa urnnif woican Jtut doubles tbc
wonting lorco of iho man who marries her
wlttiout very nmtorlally Increasing bU ex-
pctisou.
Neither BOX among iho peasants spends
much upon dro s. Tiie women wear iiotb-
'
Ing Lut h'unUorchlcfs upon their beads -vhllo
working In tba Holds ana tholr feet nro gen-
rrully bare. In thu summer tuco shoos at
tbev use ar inado of bark , woven Into tbo
form of stlppors like basket work , ana In the
winter they put great heavy boots of felt
upon their fcut. Neither sex wears itocU-
L ingd ami they wrun f cotton rag aroutm too
foQlaud up tboaiiulc * to about the mlaalo
01 tht c U , tylok 11 round and round with a
atring. Their dresses nro short and
they tuck them un while they nro work-
Ing. They wear llttlo or no underclothes
ana their summer dress consists of this skirt ,
n chctnUo and u short sack , which extends
only to the waist , liven on a fete day their
dresscH nro not very expensive nnUncos-
tumc consisting of a whllo chemUo cut low
at tbo neck with long , full sleeves and drop
ping down to the knees , with mi apren tied
nround over tha bust , constitutes n woman's
outllt. This cbctn'isc-llko dress Is fastoncd
over the bust nnd under the arms nna is bold
by braces over the shoulders. The npron is
tied arounu tbo waist , as well as over the
sbouldors , nnd tbo skirt reaches nearly to
the feet. The dross Is embroidered with a
erosi stitch of rod and blue , nna the nock
nbovu tbo chemise is often covered with
strltiL's at beads.
| 2oik I'lltt'im Hours lor I'lftrrti Crtit < .
I'lioso costumes vary in Ulffotent parts of
tbo country. In Llttlo Ktusln the dresses
nr often ono mass of embroidery , nnd the
women wear n very pretty embroidered
crown over thulr heads , nnd Iho arcsscs
coma high about tbo nuck. Tbo ntirsos
overywhuro bavo costumes of their own , and
Iho Finnish girts , who net as the wet nurse ?
for the btihioiofSt. Ptilcwburg , always have
crowns upon their heails , and you can toll a
nursa ns far as you can sco her.
Tha peasant woman Knows nothing of the
corsol and she has no Idc.i of fashion , Tha
neoplo wonr Iho sumo costumes from year to
year , und the peasant dross of todny Is Ibu
nine ns that of generations ngo. I
aw in Kazan Mohammedan woman
vbo were sacks ever their heads
vlih thu sloqves hunglnir dov/n on
ho shoulders und with only u crack nt tbo
rent through which they coulil sco ns thov
vent along the street , and tbo dross of these
vonici , was almost exactly like that of tha
voiiicn of Korea. 1 saw other womciifthoro
vhoHU bauds and brcasls worocovcrod with
gold coins just like those of tbo woman whom
ou sco in tbo Himalaya mountains ot India
a tno borders of Tibet , and luuso Tartar
vomon have thn same bronzy faces nnd high
iheckbonos that uro found In thu girls of the
llmalayu mountains. Thny nro ol Mon
golian origin and they loolc more llko Cnln-
su tlmn Russians. The coins which thuy
veararor.nl coins , and thov generally rep-
pscnt tbo dower which the \fomnn brings
nto the family when sbo is married. Some
ot the women of Little Russia li.ive a similar
vuy of ornanienting themselves , nud I got u
ihotopranh of ono Who had n breastplate
'oveiml with gold coins and whoso bead was
oadod down wltb them.
Speaking of woman's work nmone the
lo.isants. tbo hardest Held work Is done by
ho women und they got lower wncos than
tbo men. Their hours nro from 4 in the
noruing to 7 or 8 o'clock in tlio evening and
! > cants n day is bie wages. If they receive
rood their wages are oven .ess than this , nnd
n some parts of Russia girls got S cents a
lay and board themselves. In other regions
their wages rise as high ns 'M cents , nud In a
very few parts of the empire they ate paid
even moro than ibis. Tboy are us a rule
batter workers tbuu the men and thov do
iot seem to appreciate how badly off they
aro. 1 ho r thorn singing in the Holds ns I
travel through the country nnd tboy do not
boom to tnmk tbolr llfo a bard onu. Tnoy
seem to think they were made for work nnd
married or single their life is ono of toil
almost trom birth until death.
"Thu Children ( if tlio Dovll. "
They marry young and tbo rule hero is a
argo family. Nearly ovary woman you sco
us a baby at the breast , nnd Russia has
iicrhaps more children to tha population
tbaa any otbor country on the globe. Marv
rmses umoncr tno peasants ara often ar
ranged by the parents ana there nro frequent
love matches at which the priest Is not
called In. Tbo habits of tbo people arc such
that It is n wonder there is not even n greater
per cent of illegitimate oirths than there a re.
The sexes hard together like cattle in thcbo
lUUc Russian huts , and young girls nnd un
married men and tha women nnd men of
several inmllles will crowd together upon
tbc Icdv-o of the Russian stove , and there is
no such ihing ui single beds in a Russian
VillrtKO.
Above Iho peasants is ibo merchant class
nud tbc women of this class arc 10 u larco
extent different from these ot the nobility or
ibo peasants. They do not do the hard work
of the peasants nor have they the intolllgonco
of Vheir sisters of the nobility. The mer
chants of Russia form lo a largo extent tbo
middle class und tha merchants' wives and
daughters are kept out of .sight. They npenu
their time in dressing , smoking and calmer ,
nnd their husbands when ttiov chat with
their fellows about women usually spi-ak of
them as "tho ubllJioii of the devil , " and
they nro full of all sorts of superstitions con
cerning them.
In none of tbo Russian churches is a wo
man normlltcd to go Into tbu inner sanctuary
and If one Is going out hunting il is consid-
oicd bad luck lo meet a woman and ho bad
bettor turn back.
Tha daughters of these merchants are
often very religious nnd very superstitious.
Their marriages nro usually made by match
makers , und tbo merchant Is ox peeled to
give a good dowry with bis daughter when
she enters matrimony. LOUT ongago.ncnts
nro not common and they seldom lust more
than two or three months.
Among th'J peasants tba girts usually
weave and embroider tbolr own wedding
gowns and they begin to gut ready for mar
riage as sonn as tboy are old enough to sow.
Among tbo merchants after a girl is engaged
her friends como In and help her saw upon
bar wedding outlit and sbo has sowing cir-
clai and quilting boas In preparation for ihG
mnrrlago. Tncso sawing circles nro held
during the afternoon and after tea iho bride
groom and a few of bis bachelor friends drop
in and the girls and the future bride bavo a
dance with them during the evening.
Totigli Tliiiu of Itunalan llriilo' .
Russian marriages generally take place at
night nnd the ceremony is performed by the
priest. Tbo bridegroom meats tbo bride nt
tlio church and Uje pair carry lighted tapers
with them to the altar , Tbe taper that burns
out lirst is supposed to indicate the nuutli or
Its holder. After tbo ceremony tbe bridal
party walk tbroo times uround the part of
the church where the cross is , and after tlio
benediction they kiss tbe holy pictures of the
church and thuy kiss each ether tbroo times
during tbo ceremony , \ytiou the whole ser
vice is over the bridegroom leads tbo liriuo
to Ins house , where his peasants greet him
and wnero tboy are blessed with brand and
salt. There Is a wedding supper after Ibis
and during it tbo bride and bridegroom geoff
off lo bud.
Every Rurslan man wears boots and It
used to ba tbo custom that the bride must
pull off her husband's booth ibo llrst night of
the marriage. In ono of those boots before
going lo tbe ucddpig bo usually secreted u
sum of gold or silver , but he dl'd not tell bis
bride In whloti boot the money was. if she
got the rigbv boot Iho money belonged to her
and her husband bad 10 draw nIT tils own
boots In tbo future. If nno cot ibo wrong
ono be bud ibo right to use ber ns n bootjack
whenever bo pleased. This , however , was a
custom of Ibe lower classes , and II is now
moro honored In tbo breach tban the ob
servance.
The Russian bride , however , has her hap-
plo l tiiua just at ihu marriage. Tno peasant's
wife has , perhaps , us hard a lot as any wo
man In lha world , and Ibu Is especially so
during iho first years of her married life.
She Is the slave of her husband , and , what is
wor c , sbo Is usually the slave of her mother-
In-law , nnd she Is treated as badly us tbo
wlJow Is in India. Hero , where the families
of three gaiinmtloni often live together In n
but of ono or two rooms , the young bride Is
not welcomed , and tbo husband can do little
to protect her. The oldest man of the family
Is boss of Ibu household , und the Russian
author Tikhnmlroy gives a number of songs
\\lilchtllustralohow tha bride Is received
Into the family. In f.lllle Russia they say :
Wbo U to bring the walerl Tbo duugntor-
In-law ,
Wbo Is to bo beaten ! The daugbter-ln-
law.
law.Wbv
Wbv Is sba beaten I Because she U the
daupbtor-ln-Uw.
As noon as she coniM Into the family tbo
older members of It make war uealnst her.
Hays father-in-law ;
Tboy have brought u a bear.
Says mother-in-law :
They have brought ui an eater of teen.
Say the brolherlnlaw :
They have brought us an unclean thing ,
Sny the aunts :
They bavo broueht u a splnccr of naught ,
\Vomtu ! or tlio Higher Llu i.
And 10 the young woman iponus Uerhoney
moon , mid so she lives until sho'becomes an '
old woman and Is ready to avcnco her wrongs
upon her daughter-in-law ot the future ,
Think of the troubles of woman und of the
horrors of having to rniso families and go
through all the pains nnd troubles of inoinor-
hood under such circumstances. Still this
Is what these pooiilo do , while laboring day
nftor day in tbo llclds , accomplishing on tbo
poorest ot food the work of nblo-bodlcd man.
The women ot the higher classes of Russia
nro ainoiiL- the bott educated nnd most Intel-
lluont women of the world. I mot n sweet
litllu Russian on tbo Volga stemnboat Mis-
suurl , wno tola me she liked philosophy but
ter than llutlou , and that the only novels she
cnrod for were ttioso she could have In her
own life ,
She wns on her way to the summer resorts
in HIP Caucasus , and sbo bud the same loving
and lovnblo ways of the summer girl of
America. 1 had n delightful tluio with
her until I hnppencd to mention that
I ivas iniirnoct , nnd then she forsook mo for
thu bachelor from America who was tr.ivol-
ing with mo. She r.itbor thought 1 was
going through Russia under fatso pretenses
b3ciiuso I had not n plain gold ring on tha
\vcddtng ( Incur. And she said every married
gentleman In Ru < sia had to wear ono. She
spako Ungllsh In a sweet broken way nuil
talked French und German fluently.
Every girl , In fuel , in a well-to-do family
in Russia begins to pratllo in foreign
languages almost us soon as she cuts her llrst
teeth. She has thiuo or four govnrnossos
nnd sbo learns her French , German and Eng
lish as u child.
Many of the ladles of tno higher classes
here bnvo been educated In tbo collages of
Hnroiic , nnd , until within a few years ago , n
woman could got a good collects education in
Russia. All of the fomnlo colleges but ono ,
however , unvo boon abolUhed , as tbn gov
ernment thinks they nro thu hotbeds of
nihilism and they were closnd by Ibo im
perial order about llvo YO.IM ago.
In 1S7J a woman's medical college was
opened at St. Potorabuvu and It hud about
luo students , und durlnu the ton years ot its
existence U graduated COO woman doc
tors. It was closed , however , ana
though there uro borne women whn still
piacllco medicine in Russia , the bulk of
them nro permitted to do their work only ns
assistants , and they are tolerated only ns an
oxpnrimcnt. \ \ lion the present tvar came to
tbo tbiono ho prohibited the practice of mod-
iclno by woman , but tboy have 02011 allowed
to practice , though their work is In reality
contrary to the law.
ColU'KCS f r < ! lrl * .
A largo numbiir of women are school tench
crs here In Riibsla. nnd there are . " > , OUO school
mlstros os in tbo empire. Women do a great
deal of business m tha stores. Tboy not as
nurses in the hospitals , and some of
the Inrpost charitable institutions In Rus
sia are practically managed ! > v women.
Tliuro is an institution nt Moscow which is
known as "Tho College of tno Girls of the
Nobililv , " and I uudur.stnnd that this institu
tion has branches in other parts of tuo cm-
plro. It is for ihu poorer classes ot the
nol'los , and the girls nro tuugbt nt the ex
pense-of the czar. I vhltcd the school here
and I have never scon prettier or brighter
girls. After their graduation many of them
will bouoinu govoraobSCR and others will go
into the schools of the couutrv to teach.
About twenty years aiio seine of
the lending women of Russia were
nihilists , and there are many free
thinkers among lha Russian Ir.Jles of
lodav , ihough I huva .seen no shorl-lmirod
women us .vat. Alexander H , though ho wns
liberal in other things , omld not toinruta tha
bhort-bah'ca clrls , and the free-thinking girls
of bu llnio had a costume of their own , and
ono day ouo of t'lom met him on the struct.
Stio bowed to him as bo passed bv and ho ,
looking very curiously at nor , returned ber
salute. Tha next day she received a sum-
nons from the police. Sbo wu terrifiedand
she went to Iho supanntuiidcnt , who told her
that the emperor huJ said ha was much ills
pleased with her and she woula have to sigi
an ngr < 33munt not to author hair In tbo. fir
turu or go to prison. She signed the ugroc
incut.
It is generally supposed that these womci
of the upper classes of Russia ura very lee a
in their social relations , and the story bus
gonu forth that every Russian noble has i
mistrcs-t m addition to his wife , nnd that i
Is not uncommon for lha wlfn to have tic
lever in addition to her husband. This is
Iruo to n certnin extant , but not moro so ,
think , than you will ihul la some , of the otb
great capitals of Kurcpo. There are us
many faithful wives and husbands In St.
Petersburg ns there arc In London , and the
fact that 2,000 wlvns care enough for their
husbands to follow thorn Into exile to iho
wilds of Slbaiiu every year shows that mar
ried love is vorir .strong in Russia. Tno c/ar
himself Is said to bo ono oc the best hus
bands In tbo world , and tbo conduct of the
empress is above reproach.
U ,
A rlncing speech the proposal.
Mrs. Frank Leslie thinks that "marrying
nmiin is not always Iho bast plan to reform
a man. "
"A very remarkable thing has como out
concerning Klllo's engairumont. " "What's
that I" "Ker betrothed is going to marry
her. "
Tbo girl who marries lor moiioy usually'
has a look nn bar raca after mnrrlago that In
dicates she Is having trouble CEilectlni : her
salary.
The wadding of Miss Shrn-ly , daughter of
the famous Dr. Shrady of New York , and
Mr. Edward Gould will bo celebrated in the
la to autumn.
Two girls p.nd a toy cro born to Mrs.
Calvin Miller of Murion , Ind. , recently. The
combined weight Is seventeen pounds , and
everybody concerned is doiug well.
Edna Do you believe that the throwing
of old fhooi nftor u nouly-marrlod couple
btlngs them luck ? Mrs. Ricbwidow Indeed
I do ; my husband was struck by a hying
shoo nnd died JuU a month nftor wo were
married.
Florence I3lvthe , the heiress of old Tom
niytho'B M,000,000 , ana the horolno of ono of
Iho moil sonsullmial law cases Known in re
cent years , was married in San Francisco to
Flu \V. Hlnukloy the son of onu of tbo part
ners in tbo great Union Iron works ,
A pretty love story , whara love stories are
least oxpoctcd. Is rovnaled In tlio announce
ment of lha engagement of Miss North , tbo
uitrato Uinc's daughter. Miss North is
joung , very handsome and has been un un
questioned success in the treat world. Miss
North has bean regarded bo widely to bo the
hridoultlmatolvof certainly a duke that the
announcement of her engagement to Ucorgo
Crocker who u not only without a title , but
U u Liverpool business man , bus been u ulna
davs wonder.
Tbo Indescribable meanness of a | British
fortune huntini : husband was never b'Htur
exhibited than in tno cuso of tbo infamous
Colonel Francis Charles Huirhes-IIallott.
From some urgumonis hoard In the csurt of
common pleas In Philadelphia list wuok , It
up Dears that ono clause In iho marriatro set
tlement was that If Mrs , Hughes Hnllott
should separate from her husband without
reuso-iablo cause during their man If d Ufa
shu should pay over to him ono-third p-irt of
the Income of miy "probenily acquired prop ,
orty. " Why should nny American woma'i
ntoop to mate with a man who grossly
his prlco In this manner )
Tno marriage of Miss Gwendolyn Uavison.
daughter of Mr. and Mr * . Charles Davlson of
Now York , with Richard rrothlnirham nf
Boston wiik celebrated In the Oavlsons1
couniry homo nt Pigeon Cove , Mass. , Sop.
tomber''i There were man ; S.MOS.IS present
from Now York nnd Boston. MUs Davlson ,
who Is verv prntiy , Is a granddaughter of
K'iv. li II , Chapln of New York , ilor wed-
dine gown was of ivorv sailn with chlffno
rulllos. Sbo wore a tulle veil with oraago
lloworj.
In tbo early day of Kngland woddln ? rlncs
were mudo of rushes , but In this ago
even more curious materials are sometimes
prosed Into service when emergency da.
mands It. Many cases nro on record where
rings of brass or Iron , nnd curtain rlims and
door keys bavo taken tbo place of the bands
of gold which nervous grooms bavo mislaid ,
Ono bride is bald to have been married with
a leather ring , cut from the linger of ono of
her glovnj. and another embarrassed couple
were relieved by u suggestion from ibo
minister that the wedding ring bo cut from u
visiting card. Quakers and Swus protest-
ills do not use rings at tnuir niarrluge cere ,
monies. ' The Irish bavo a strong objection
to any but gold wedding rings. In St. Kilda
wedding ring * are made of worsted ,
IT SMELLS TO HIGH HEAVEN
Omabi's Qarbago Dtlrni ) and What n Visit
to it Boyealg.
ODORS THAT CANNOT BE DESCRIBED
On tlio Scrapings Iroiii th HrliMn Nriirly
Onu Hundred lumllli > s I.Uo und
ijouui tn Iliijiiy 'it Illch l.llo
In Sl'i'iintytou n.
There Is probably no Jocnlltv within walk
ing dibtiinco of Omaha about which the average -
ago citizen has loss practical knowledge than
tbo region immediately adjoining the Inter
section of .lones street nnd the Missouri river ,
commonly known the ' - . " As
as thodump. a mnaa-
Viro resort tbe pluco Is not n drawing card. It
looks badly and smells n good deal wo MO. It
Is ns nasty as uclav bank on a rainv morning ,
and Is fortltled from outslao Intor'aronco by
nn odor In which nil foul und noisome snnlls
nro reproduced and intonsitled nnd which is
only bcarablo after a Ion ; ; nnd Ultimata ac
quaintance. It is the ulllnuto destination ot
ull tbo foul suiclllni : garbage wagnns which
may be encountered at night by the belated
pedestrian , and iho receptacle Into which Is
dumped nil the refuse and roUacucss of a
oat city.
Itnsy Dny ut Ilio Dump.
But tbero are some very curious things to
bo seen at the dump on Its busy days , which
It Is tar pluasiinter to read about than it Is to
Inspect In person. Early in the morning
when the rising sun ts just beginning lotitigo
tbo turbid tide of tba"blg mudd > " with n clew
of crimson It U n sccno of bustling activity.
It Is at that time that Iho wagons come in
from Ihelr nipblly round-up of Iho cily nnd
deposit tbo twenty-four hours' accumulation
of tilth and rubbish.
A railroad track runs along lha bank of tbo
river and hides from view tbo unsightly
garbage beaus beyond. But thu sickening
Binoll that rises from the putrefying mass
duties concealment and on Uie impulse of the
trcsli morning broczo bui-alda the proximity
of tha dumping grounds to a distance of
several blocks.
Crossing the track Ibo observer is face to
fuco with a spectacle which is strik
ing enough lo occusiou Iho query whether
such a scene can exist within the limits of a
great cltv. The dump .oxtauds perhaps 10J
leol frou. Ibo track * out lulo Iho river. At
this early hour it apprars n lively Industiy.
livery fuw minutes a cart loaded with gn--
baco jolts over the crossing sjudiiig out in
creased volumes of fetid smulls , dumps its
odoriferous burden and rattles back again
utter another load. Somu of Iho vehicles are
piled high wild rubbish gathered from the
alloys and bade yards , old shoes , cast oil
clothes , broken barrels , hoops and bits of
nuttihg. Others nro tilled with the re
fuse of the earbago barrels nud
occasionally a load of decayed fruit or meat
which nas been condemned by the inspector * ,
is dcpo > i'.od in tbo common receptacle.
A S.ltiu-jmllu til Smell * .
As the visitor passes on toward tbo end of
the dump his feet sink anisic-deep in tha
yielding but face. Swinns of Ilios ute from
their revolting feast and boat against hlsr
face llko hail. On every hand uro heaps of
rottenness equally offensive to the eye und
tbo nostrils. Here is a mounu of decayed
vegetables that soitm grocer has unwillingly
charged up to pro lit , and lots , foul smelling
cucumbers , tomatons und melons in couipinv
with parcels of moldy codtlsh und oysters
thut have outlived their usefulness.Theresa
heap of old rags that cxu'nlo a sour , sickening
odor nnd again a pile of spoiled fruit so offun-
sivo that oven tno swrfnnlnp Hies give it tbo
cold snoulilir.
But In the midst ot thlH horrid mass of pu-
trolymg Illth do/.ens pf : persons are swarm
ing like Ilios , uiimindfill' the pestilential
smells nnd searching ! industriously for u
breakfast. '
It is literally true thljt , there are poonlo In
"
Omaha , and a good mqny of them , loo" , who
live upon their gleanings from tan dump.
Ravelling ai it uuy appear , uny-
who cares , to pay
early morning vis it to tlio place
can easily BubsUititiato Iho statement. Their
subsistence consists of the rotten rem
nants which they tlv from the garbage
buloro it is linal'y i uinpca aver thu bank
Inlo iho river. Their blotbos arc ( jathoroJ
from lha same source. ' Almost any morning
they may ba seen at tboir disgusting tusk.
There nro big , grotwy , Klovenlv attirc.l
woinc-i poking ever the hotoKvcnoous mass
ot moist and iil-smujling odds and onds.in
Ibu search for HOinulhliii , ; lo oat of wear or
burn. Tboy are dressed in faded remnants
uf garments that have' been hooked out from
the garbage , dried In lha tun and partlallv
cleansed of their tiltliiness. So.no of thorn
nro barefoot. Others' wear on their stock-
lugloas fuel u bortof sandal consla Ing of thu
solo of a shoo with all the upper cut. off ex
cept a slip over the too to bold It on the foot.
Tboso bavo also brieu appropriated from the
dump , and on one foot is tbu roinnnnt ot a
patent leathorslioo whllo tbo other is encased
in the discarded footvvcar of a street laborer.
tVli.it ii Nursery It This.
Some of tba woman are accompanied by
children lo whom ibo fetid atmosphere o'f
the dump has bccomo a second nature und
they inhulo it as gratefully as tno tlrod
traveler breathes tho.exhilarating ozone of
tbe mountain top.
It is said that yorrs aio there was a ros-
uuinint In the Latin quarter of Paris which
was liberally putroniied by Hie poverty
stricken walls of the revolution. In ono
corner there was a big seething caldron
UnnUod uy a tow uf Immense three-lined
forks. Tno luckless customer paid his sou
and was then allowed to plunge u fork once
liito the bubbling pot. What ho succeeded
in withdrawing with it constituted bis din
ner. Perhaps it was a turnip. H might bo
un old shoo or an omuclatod kitten , and oc
casionally u particularly fortunate Individ
ual succeeded in impaling a bone with shreds
of moro or loss palatable meat clinging to it.
Whether tbls story bo true or noi It has u
parallel on the Omaha dump. There the
fallout \\orkera uro ruklng ovur iho freshly
discharged loads nnd selecting fragments
which they put carefully n.vay in tholr
aprons or in baskets. A woman bends ever
u disuniting heap of decayed vegetables und
oblivious of tbo sickening stench picks up
half-decayed turnips ana potatoes mid carries
tioni homo to feed to bur children. Another
is sorting over a pile of moist , ill-sinelllnh'
rags In search ot an addition to her ward
robe. A wagon has just deposited n load of
condemned fruit so rotten that yel
lowish streams trickle from It over
Ibo underlying layers of back yard
rubbish. It exhales nn odor that is borrl-
blo , but swarms of half-iinued gamins gather
around and attempt tn seize some of
the rattan oranges , Ull urivou away by iho
driver ,
A I''iU8t fur Dump Ditfllcrx.
"Now you'll 900 some fun , " remarks the
driver , as ho points , to another carl which Is
jui > l crossing tbn track. Tbo hordes ol buz-
zurdllko humanity si-urn lo know what Is
coming unu ilioy-luavo their disgusting occu
pation to gather arou/id tbo now arrival. It
is u load ot condemned incut , moro or leas de
cayed , wnlch exhales a little lha worst smell
that bus yet assitllnd lee nostrils of the visi
tor. But it U cvluen\ly a eobond lo the
human buzzaids. No sooner has u benn do-
no/med on the ground , than they scramble
over it llko a picKotJ.huiigry , howling wolves ,
They light like cats pwr a particularly well
pro.erved Jolut and iho ttrongor carries It
off In triumph , wlUl { lho vanquished turn
again to the digusllagpilo and seek consola
tion among tbo tidwta that remain. Tbo
heap Is rakud ovor'uud ever , and when
nothing Is loft lo WUisfy tbo grovd of
Ibo searchers tUoy gatbor up ibelr
spoils and tile , labjrlously back across
the trucks to the jfilijiy sbantlea in which
thov live uod props uo largo families of
children to j > ucceodU , > ibelr revolting llfo.
Tmtritio on Jl yic , S\ii'ut lluino.
It was io tbesa trayestio * upon the Ameri
can borne that a Bise icportcr followed tbem.
Tboy constitute B little colony by ihtmielve * .
Thrjy urn situated on u triangular piece of
land lying In u hollow between Lcavonworih
street nnd the Union Pacillo tracKs , nnd
bounded on the cast by the river. The main
sewer runs through the center of the colony
and Iho i-ausal vlsl or could ensile imaglno
that it had discharged Its unwbo'oiomo con-
touts in tha tnldit ol the narrow nnd Irregu
lar alloys which separate iho rows of rough
board shanties.
A trip through Iho peslllrnco-bMedlnct
snot would convince the citlron who Im *
nglncs that the sanitary olnclnls have no
Held for effort that iboro nro things within
Iho conlitiojof the Gate Cltv of which ho
hns never dreamed. As nearly as could bo
estimated there nro over 100 dwellings
crowded together on this tr.iet winch is not
nn aero tn extent , 'lo every shantv is an-
noxcd n barnyard and so closely contiguous
that the cow can stick Us head Into the
parlor window and tbo oo ? > ! of the barnynrd
sends Us postllcnllnl exhalations up through
tbe cracks in the floor.
J'ho population of the colony represents
the lowest types of the foroigu pauper ele
ment. Thoiu are representatives of n doon
nationalities , among which the Hungarians
and Scandinavians t > cem to bo in the ma
jority. There are n few Bohemians nud n
sprinkling of Russians , the whole enveloped
In n common garment ot tilth and foul odors.
As a rule , the Inhabitants ot the district are
vagrants. They do not pretend to work , but
are content to exist upon their callings from
the t refuse of tbo dump. A few ot the men
work nt the smelter , but thov were never
known II I to buy anything and llvo tn tbe sams
II manner I as Ihoir less Industrious neighbors ,
rcsnrvin I ? their accumulated wages to Uko
back I to the old country.
Tno shanties uro very similar in size nnd
const ruutlon. None of tbom nro larger than
the tt t kitchen of nn ordinary residence and
they t are uniformly built of rough , unpalntcu
boards. In many of Ihcso sheds uio families
of a do/on persons. Tboy swarm with dirty
children , ot nil sues nnd degiees of Illtblnoss ,
whu \ sturod nt tbo visitor as though a strange
face I was nu unknown incident in bbunty-
luwn. '
Still They Scorn Healthy.
But desulto tboir rags nnd unwbole-
sonu surtoutidlng * both tbe children
i ami tbolr ciders scomod uniformly
I hoalvhy. The reporter traversal ! the
entire i length and breadth of the
densely populated alloys v. illiout seeing a
sickly fuuo and corpulency seemed to bo tbu
prevailing | characteristic of iho inhabitants.
Onobbnn'y i indlc-ted that in tbo aiidst , of
this I tin wholesome ntmosphorj its occupints
had not cntiroly separated themselves from
the human aspiration toward the beautiful.
The narrow windows wore screened by Irag-
meiits oflaco curtains which bad evidently
been culled from the general storehouse ov
ine river bank. Over the door n morning
glory was twined , Its rainbow linted blos
soms forming a striking contrast to tno moist
repulsive soil IM winch It had tukun root.
It was only after considerable dilllculty
und several uiibuccoaatul attempts that tbo
reporter succeeded in gaining nn entrance
into ono of the most pretentious of the hov
els. The frowsy looking female in chnreo
could only speak u few woras of English and
was not disposed to exhibit , bar linguistic
accomplishments , The lloor of tha cabin
was loosely paved with strips ot board of
various widths and thickness. Tbo furnish
ing * were extremely meager nnd where tbo
half dtv n children who were peering curi
ously in ut tbo opan door ale and slept
was an enigma that debed solution.
There wua not on article in Iho room Ihnt
could not have been scheduled as a product
of the dump. A cupboard of three rough
shelves lidded up in ono corner hclu n few
dishes of various doscriotioni , scarcely any
tivo of which had originally belonged to
the same sot. In another corner a dirty
mattioss and some blankets seamed to con
stitute tbo sloopluf accommodations of the
family , and , as the reporter uccidcntnllv
.struck bis foot against ouo corner of tbe
muttross , it disclosed the presence of some
.uiimals not ullogethir unknown in civil 1/ed
boclety.
No Demand lir Tullnt Siipplia * .
Ono thing was aspsclally noticeable nnd
that was Iho entire absence of any ulonslls
for bathing purposes. Not a particle of soup
nor a washbasin of any description could bo
seen. "Don't you over wash your face ! " in
quired the visitor , by way of keeping up
iho conversation. The woman shook her
head vaguely , ns though the term was some
thing foreign lo her vocaoulary. The walls
and lloor of Iho apartment were passably
clean , but tn Ui , ) uninitiated nostrils of ibo
vhiior the exhalations of the adjacent yard ,
uf which a moolly cow and n pig hud joint
possession , nnd of iho previously mentioned
chamber iurnlsbings were offensively np
parent.
But the people wore evidently not a bit
moro favorably impressed with their gnust
tlmn bo uas with their surroundings and ho
departed without n'lompting tn presmno
upon tlii'Ir hospitality by remaining to par-
tuko ol their morning meal.
\Vollosleycollogoopeiiswlth 7JH s.udoats
on its list.
Vide has equipped a throe-story building
with apparatus und furniture for psychologi
cal investigation.
There nro 'MO students enrolled at the Har
vard annex this year. If this rate of growtl ;
continues some' day the L Is likely to be big
gcr than the house.
Tbo fall term of Ainhorst college opened
with Iho largest attendance for many years ,
the freshman class numbering l , tbo larg
est in the history of Iho college.
The applications of students for admission
to thu Women's collage at Baltimore have
been unequalcd in tbo history ot the col lego ,
und tbu capicity of iho iwo large boarding
balls will bo luxcd lo their utmost.
The University of Mlchman will open this
vonr with a larger attendance ttia.n ever bo
fote. The lotnl onrollinonl last > oar , exclusive -
sivo of the summer students , whoso names
do not go In the calendar , was -,701.
Tbo now Chicago university will open its
doors October 1 , and it is promised that A
Aloi/o Stagir , formerly of Yale , genera
alhluto und dli color ol athletics , will bavo i
llrst class foot ball lenin orgauUod within toi ;
days uftor tno term opens.
In a certain Georgia school when n glr
inubpolls a word the boy who spells it cor
rcctly N allowed to kiss her. And iho ques
tion Is , Does Ibis arruncoment Improve the
spoiling of Iho boys or iho girls In t tie school
Tbo Teachers Annuity and Aid Associa
tlon of I'niludelpllla has Issued n ciruulai
which reports a mcinne-rahii ) of 515 on August
] , Ih'.U ' , with u nut capital of ? 3l.VU ) invested
at 5 per cent to fi I 10 percent. ThU does
not Include the alumuio trust fund of ? . > ,000 ,
wl'h SIOS,7 accrued Interest , received bv the
association on July'J , Ib'JJ. The annual in
come from duoj and interest on investments
now exceeds $1'J.UJO.
An iniorcsiiiK ; paper has boon put forth by
Prof , Kdward C. I'lckonng , dlroctorof liar
vard college observatory , pointing out iho
grcai advantages of erecting n telescope at
Iho Harvard observatory in Peru. There uro
but very few , if any , of tbo worm's great
teloscopoj located in a cholcs spot , whcro tbo
atmosphere Is nust favorable fur obscrva-
lions. 'Those telescopes bavo boon eroutou , "
suvs Prof , Pickering , "near the capitals of
countries or near Iho ui.lvorsitles instead of
lu pluco-i where iho raoteoroloulcal conditions
would permit the best results to bo ob
tained , "
Massachusetts pcoplo bavo linn faith In
iho American public schools , They have bit
upon a new plan of showing their anxiety to
bring tbem wlibln the roach of every child
in the state in u peculiar fashion , If tbo
children cannot walk the distance lint ween
their homes und tbo nearest school building
the trustee * liuvi' undertaken lo furnish tbem
vehicles In which to drive to the school bouse
und back to their homos again utter school
hours. In ono township provUion has boon
ran do for convoying from 110 to 300 children
to school daily , tbo UJQ of four two-horse
wsgoim having been provided for the pur-
po-u. The cost ol ibis extra accommodation
to ibo to.vnsbip referred to U t , Md pur ua-
num.
The laws ot Ohio don't permit tbo mnrrl.
ago ol first cousins , uul iho lawt. of Ken
tucky do. and so wlion cousliu in Ohio get
foolish tboy just uo ever the river to eel
married , Love may ba bllt.d , but bo generally -
ally manages to got around tbo neighborhood
without a guldo.
BILLINGSGATE FISH MARKET
In and About tbo Greatest Wholesale Pisb
Mnit in tba World ,
OLDER THAN AUTHENTIC BRITISH HISTORY
of Its Dcpirtoil lllnry nnd Its
I'ri'si-nt Appc trillion I'ho I'lsli Purler
mid 1IU 1'i't'iilliirlilcs - - Interesting
.Mil rounding * lUidOdUCIuiritclvrs.
ICopyrlshtpd , IW7.1
Lovnov , Saul. Ill [ ( Jorrospondonca of
Tin : IJr.i : . ] You can fairly smell Uilllngs-
gate market , tbo greatest wholesale H h
market of London mid thu most importnct
llab market In iho world , long hsforo you
can sco It. it la not an unbleasnut odor. . It
has n hint of the sea atr' In IU Ti\r nnd
oakum are suggested. It carries tbo fancy
pleasantly nlong past London's grim water-
stdo structures and the web < of spars mid
rlgglnir , down tbo widening Thnmos and on
past pretty Margate to the wide free reaches
of tbo North soa.
In olden days , indeed not moro than n
quarter oC a century mo , the llshlng Meets
sent their "catches" direct to the London
market. And u pretty sight It must then
bavo been when Iho boats came up here to
tboolJ Uilllngs ate wharf Just under the
shadows of historic Londo. brldio
iho Dutch millt col boats with their bulg
ing polished oaken bides half hidden in Iho
ri.'or mist ; punts packed with floundersand
small , closuly-crotvded baskets ranged along
Ihn seats ; scores ol oyster punts nilod with
gray masses of sand and shell ; woalhcr-
uuatcn luggers paclt 0 with herring , cod nnu
ling ; and nil about the wharf und swarming
llko Ilios aboard all manner of eloicly an-
chorud llshing craft , sailors , lisber.non , cos-
tors , Hilllngsgalu ilbtiwlvos , artd Una ladle * ,
too , engaged in chartering und bantering of
eager selling nnd buving.
Hut thatday is past. The olden color and
brightness nro KOIIO. Hard marcniulio tLrift
and modern methods have banished the line
ladles who , In guntlo "slumming" mood ,
made their own purchases at Ulllingsgaio ,
and took back Into cholco London society thu
wondrous sayings of thu Uillingsgatu women
whojo tongues were tbo readiest and wickedest -
edost m all the world.
bicam vessels scurry about Iho Norlh sea
grounds , secure the ilsh wl.ero they are
taken , and bring them to the mouth of the
Thames. liciu other larger last salllns
steam craft nro laden , and those duilv brine
the vast tish supply of London , landing It at
the very doors ot milingsira'o , much ns the
Ilsh supply of Now York city Is sot down In
tha ICast Ulvcr nt tbo back doors of ram
shackle old Fulton market.
Antiquity ot
millnpsgnto market still stands just where
it bus stood for centuries. How many cen
turies no man knows. Iconoclasts , without
rovereuco for oven tha antiquities of ilsh , say
a follow by the numo of IMlling owned a
wharf upon the same spot In Queen Eliza
beth's reigc , nnd bonco its numo. Hut I have
seen the preamble to an act of parliament
( in 10 and It ! \\'illiitm III. ) to nmlto Blll-
inirsgnto a Ireo market for the sale of Hah , in
which , among ether "whcroasof , " Is onu ro-
citlng that "iiillingsgatc has limo out ol minu
Doon a Iroo market for all manner of lobsters
and shelllish. " Tradition , which U good his
tory when authorities differ , lends the place
its'moro titling antiquity , nnd insists that
it ewes its origin to Delhi , nn ancient
kini ; of iho Britons , who nourished
100 years B. ( J. , nud who , observing an op
portunity for gain , llku a true Bnton ,
erected a gate hero through which tbo lisb-
ormen of his day , after lloatintr upon ibo
Tnumos with tbo lido inlbo hide-bottomed
currnghs , were mudo to pass nnd pav loll before -
fore they could sell tbolr llah ; und honcu the
nnmo Belln's guto , finally corrupted to 1311-
lingsgatc.
However this may be , Billingsgalo is the
oldust wharf on the Tbamos , nnd that Is
saying much for it on the line of ngo. Thu
murbct building and the ground it stands
upon Is owned by Iho London municipal
authorities. Its river froutngo is UOU feet ,
and lt& superficial area is 4D.UOU square fact ,
uflorcling sites for boventaun shops and two
largo public houses. It is located in tbo
densest part , of what may BO termed water
side London on the north bank of tba
Thames. Justnbovo it to tbo west , ls old
London bridge ; n bridge probably better
known In tbo lltoruturo of llcliou and travel
than any other similar structure in tbo
world. Juot below it to the east is iho now
Tower bridge , in process of construolion for
tbo past six years. Immediately adjomini ;
to tl.o west , are the great Levant und Span
ish Iruit markets , and on the other side , sun
ward , stands the hugo Doric fronted London
custom hotuo. Immediately opposite ,
across the Thames on tbo Surrey side , is tno
tremendous reach of the Surrev commercial
docks , vast , urim , black and half In mist ,
and the Thames at this point be
tween London and Tower bridges Is called
"tbo Upper Pool. " It Is said to carry bore
moro Moating Irnfllo than any other reach of
water approaching it in slzo upon the lace of
the globo.
I'utllo Itlvnlrlr * .
Owing to tbo dense massing of river trafllc
at this point and the inconceivably congested
nature of Ibo population , narrowness of
streets and scorning Inoxtricabllity of slrcot
irafllo banking up against nnd humming in
Billingsgate from all directions It would al
most soura that London would bavo long
slnco found some moro accessible and con
vuuiont depot for the disposal of her cuor
mous Ilsh supply. Yet ull attempts to aban
don Bllltngsgiito or divert its trade have
proven futile , "Conservatism , " tradition
and oven superstition balk all efforts of this
character. Dealers tell mo they woula go
out of the business if tboy had to leave Ilil-
llncsealo. Fishermen would not tool easy
about their coi'slgnmeuU to any now market.
Costers have rcpcAlodly tcld mu that their
best customers among the poor of the cast
and woulu not buv or oat Ilsh thai bad not
the llmo-bonorod soul of Billin sualo Inspoc
lion upon it.
Tim popular feeling undoubtedly had
moro than ull oho to do with two ruinous
failures to locuto this vast trade clsowhoro In
London. A great market was iot long ago
ostnbllshod nt Hungerford Stairs , lioing
too far up the river und too tar from the
dense masses of the east jOiid It had but n
brief existence. A lino.drawj north and
south tbrougli the cantor of London bridge
laavui a population of about l(100.CMll ( to iho
cast , or down tno river , and about U , lui'.OOU '
to iho wost. Hungorford market was too
fur from tbo coster sellers und lowly buyers
of tbo east and , who , It will ba seem really
control , rattier than the woll-to-do classes'
the locality of London's Ilsh market. An
other powerful attempt , under the gulso n.
philanthropy , was made under lha patron"
uiro of Lady lltirdott-Coutu , Sbo caused a
superb building lo bo oracled in Kast Lon
don , U was undoubtedly the mo > t perfect
and coinplulo structure of tbls kind In the
world , It was called tbo ( 'oliiiiium Fish
Market , and was opened under tbo patron
IIL'U of royalty ilsolf. But the costers backed
tholr carls up to old nilllugsgalo and chuck
led. Columbia Fish Market was closed moro
speedily than that of Hungcrford Stuirs
Einco which the ancient tyrant has nourished
with greater vliroraban ovor.
I'luh round un Ilia London Miirlii'l.
The varieties of ttsh wnicti are In their ro
spoctlvo seasons delivered at lillllngsgalo
ma rum number nearly 100. During this
month I have noticed perch , periwinkles
pine , anchovies , roach , bolmon , purnott , had
do kit , hcrrlngn , llonnderj , turbot , sprats ,
] > ick , ling , pi JI co , aory , prawns , cuillsh
mulleU , whelks , coallith , trout , soles ,
mlcharus , eels and conger cols , dog
( lab , cod , bream , brill , bake
lmd , weavers , skate , ninolts , whitebait
tench , Htufgcon und perhaps u dozen ottiei
rariotlrs ; and tbu total wotgnl U from 1- ,
0 > ) U lo 1H.OOO tous per uontb or 15J,000 ton
per vear.
Uf this vast quantity fully two-third
roaches London by railway. All the lisa
from Ireland are neat across St. Uoorgu'i
channel in fast steamers and thcnco by rail ,
Salmon ana trout ail como b { rail ; nnu much
of the northern North tea ylold , taken off
cost Scottish i here , and oven icmoof tbo
catches from about Varmouth nn d Sear-
borough are , for the sake of tlino paving ,
thus transferred. Small-wheeled , load-
lined vans nro provided bv the railways.
Tboso are drugged by horses from Ibhlng
stations or quays to railway stations , wheel-
cd into the railway vans , nnd thus brought
to London without breaking bulk. On ar
rival here they nro wheeled lo the street and
iiriiBccil by horses through tbo streets from
various stations to Uilllnifsgato. fully 100-
000 ( i tons of Ilsh annually roach the market
In i this manner ; nnd from fi o'clock of nny
wcoit-dny morning , hundreds upon hundreds
of those vans choke up ovorv nut-row nvenuo
of approach , waiting thrlr turn to unload.
Over thrco-fourthi of nil the tlsh consumed
by London passes Inspection nt Hllllngtgato.
As tbo market Is city property iho oftlclals
for this p irpose , four In"nuinbor , nvo np-
pointed by the court of thu Flshmongors
company , one of the ancient but still
thoroughly active guilds or trades companies
of London. It has n line Fishmongers hall
near London bridto , nnd expends many
thousands yearly In provontlng the Aitlo of
decayed ilsh. All llsb condemned by Its In.
Mioctors are Immediately conv eyed to n wait
Ing barge , treated with carbolic ncld nnd
sent to Icrtlll/.lng works nt Kalnlmni , where
nftor being baked drv thov are ground to
powder nnd sold at about X'o pur ton to the
strawbeir.v nnd hop farmers of Ivout for fer
tilizing purposes.
IIIUIiiKflgitlfl 1'iirtorg ,
The llsb stenmqrs arrive nloncslda the
market nt nil hours of the nlirht nnd early
mornini. . At precisely fi o'clock hi the
morning the market opens. Long lines of
plank nro laid from the mnrket quay over
barges and pontoons to the steamers' decks ,
nnd every ounce of llsb Is brought ever
these In baskets and bugs ou porters' heads
and backs. At tbo same tlma tbo railway
vans uro unlonalng on ibo landward side.
But nix can bo cared for nt Iho same limo.
Thu confusion and entanglement nro Inde-
bcrlbiiblo. Ono who witnesses the scene for
tba llrst tuna Is Illicit with nmaramcnt that
thu largest nnd most civilized capital In the
\orld will tolerate such antiquated methods.
Jut tbo porters nro wonderfully dett , nlert
nu carry indcscrlb.ibto loads. 1 have
ecu many hulcn with from 'J03 to UOO
omuls weight. They will positively frislt
iidor n barrel ot herrings wnleh weighs 'JOO
omuls , nnd lliaio Is no question that irmiiy
f Ihcso fellows can easily gat nuout the mnr-
ot with upwards of10 ! ) pounds properly dls-
ributcil upon bond and back.
Those Bllllncsgato porters uro regarded as
ho strongest , quickest and most nthlolio
men In London. Thuy live In every respect
ike the water rats of tbo Thames nnd the
Tistoeraey of \Vbltecbapol district.
Their only nmbillons are to oat , drink , visit
'penny gnfis , " rnt nnd dog lights and excel
n puirillsm. They lire big , brawny , hairy-
: hcstud fellows ut apparent andlass good na
il re , out nro brutes uy heredity , Instinct nnd
deepest voiirning. Whatever Iboir want of
character oulsldo tbo market , a more demure
ind Inmbllko sot ot fellows wns never seen
ban they are while ou duty bare. They nro
Icunsod nnd the strictest rcgulationscxist re
garding tboir conduct , even to tbo character
if language. To lese their llcansa Is worst )
ban imprisonment ns a criminal. Tholr ron-
utations among their fellows , the costers ,
and lha cast end slums are calnod by
heir prowess and strcnglh hero. It Is tholr
ivorld , their hichost , broadest outlook , and
.hey uro really curioiillcs in social or literary
study.
NitrHurloH of Pn llUm.
Tboy doligbt especially In odd-sounding
nicknames. In my few visits to Billingsgatu
I have already come to know and bo favor
ably know by "Fishy Jim , " "Cocky Jim , "
"Black Prince. " "Jack tbo Float , " "Happy
Jack , " "Johnny blind-black. " "Jimmy Fin-
cars , " the latter because of his tblovln ? pro
pensities , "Bluso-Noso Alike , " CJross-oyod
.loo" and "Four-alo Jim. " The latter IB
never nulto at tils host unloas ho has drunk
six or seven quarts of nlu before hreaklast.
The oath of all Ihcso Billtngspato porters ,
UKO that of tha costers , lo which cla s they
iavo markoj uOlnltlus , is "Gor bli inol" anil
ts wickedness ib too abhoront for tniusla-
.lon. They com prise two classes in tholr dally
niu-kcl work , these who bring tha Ilsh from
the steamers into the market , who are called
Sborers , " and those wbo remove tha fish to
tbo stnllmen's wagons or iho cosier * ' carts ,
wbo arc called "mobbers. " '
Tno pugilists of London chielly have tholr
origin mnoni ; the Billingsgate porters. They
have their regular champions at ' 'seven stone
six , " "eight stone six" nud "eleven stone
six , " and ofllcor 7'JU , Policeman K Wnae , In
formed mo that there Is not a man among
them who has not at some tlmn or onotbor
appeared in n Whliochapcl ring. Bill Geode ,
who fought Slavin , is still a licensed porter
horo. Among many curious characters la
ono Cornelius Cnllahnu , known as "A'lito
the Tipster , " Ho is a no'er-do-well and ft
privileged person. Ho makes great os
tentation of bis knowledge of tbo state of tbo
market. Getting up at U o'clock in the mornIng -
Ing ho pro .vis about tba ilshing steamers and
then just before tbo market opens ho..smJi
about among the buvor-i nnd sellers Mroft'
whispers "Iho tip o' the day'Mn tholf odralf
Tha ha'penny Is always forthcoming. * Oa
Saturday afternoon just before tbo market 1
closed for tbo week they "havo a garao with
Mike. " Ho roguiarly appears for his buffeting -
ing und often in the rough game that ontuoa
poor Mine is nearly killed. Then the bat U
passed and from six to ton shillings Is alwuym
paid tuo willing victim. . \\\v ,
Jluycri nnil Hnllorn ,
All Billingsgate fish are sold by auction ,
and a veritable Babel tbo place Is from 5 to
8 or 0 o'clook , There are two classes , of
sellers. Ono comprises the regular commis
sion men to whom tbo llsheruion conilgn
tholr catches and iho ether Is a thoroughly
hated , but moat prosperous , class knowato
Blllingsnato from limo immemorial ns "bum-
marcos , " I'lioso are really middlemen who
practice all possible arts to combine and
forca the regular coum.lsbion mou , who have
but a short limit of time in which to self , to
dispose o' lots at ruinous prices and through
similar combination often compel retailers to
purcbiua at , exorbitant rato.-i ,
But however Ininrosimg may bo the In
terior of Billingsgate to tbo casual visitor
the uiljauonl tnoroughfnrcs from midnight ,
when iho lint retail buyers begin coming ,
until the close of iho market ol U o'clocir ,
nroviuo Inr morn sirungo and curious pic
tures and groupings. Upper and Lower
Thames street , IJastchonp and Great Tower
streets , Tower tllll , Fish Struct Hilt , St.
Mary-at-IIlll , St. Dunsinc's Hill , King Will-
lam street , Arthur streets , cast and west ,
Grace court and Love lane ura apparently
Inextricably jammed with hundreds of rail
way llsli vans , greengrocers1 wagons nnd
costorb' donkey cart and hand burrows.
I'hcra Is no ether place In London where
such n vast and so odd a jumble of vehicles
and folk may nt any ono time bo soon. Over
4,000 vehicles for tbo bringing or taking
away of Ilsh are hero , \Vllh them are 10,001)
coster men and women and an unnnmonblo ,
Indescribable host of potty street vendors
und hnngers-on. If you can arrive bore on a
fngy ; mornnur curly when tbo lint rays of
thu sun nro filtering through the lleecy foldn
of mist Happing up with the tide alonir the
Thames you will then know old Billingsgate
as Dickens and Thackeray know It , and will
long for power nnd tpaco In wblob to palm
with pen or pencil ono of the strangest ,
oddest itcenos tp bo found In this mighty Lon
don town. UnoAii L. WAUBMAH.
1 ho Wrong Locality.
Chicngo Triliuno : "I como now , " exclaimed -
claimed the orator , warming to his
work , "to tlio paramount IHSUO of this
cainimit'ii ! On tlio hcnrta of this yroat
] iooilo | , boi-nn on the winds that swoop
ever thceo in.rhty ( forests und pltiine ,
murinnrod softly by the r pplinp wutora
of the 10,000 htruams thutmovo in coaso-
luhB How to the nmjiiHllo ocoun , Ineurlbod
in churautoru of Hvlnfr Ujjlit on tlio brow
of every mountain that lifts its hoiid to
the ijloudH , are these potent words , tlio
utiibboloih of 11 free ponplo , 'No ( orcei
hllll No noyro doinina ' ' "
'J'lio uhiilnnun of Die meeting Bul/.oil
tlio ttpuukor's co it Ui ! und gixvo it iv
convulsive ) jerk , K
' Jj-iy ! " ho whiapcroil hoareclvi "tlmt
won't do down here ! This la Texas !
Wo'ro nltor the nlggor vote otireolvea
tills year , you dunioU idjltl"
Vustt of lace ( birred on daliy ribbon r *
much liked by young woiccn.
