THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUNDAY- AUGUST 11 , 1892-SIXTEEN PAGES. 18
IN TIIE REAL RUSSIA
Observant Harablings Through tlio Rural
Districts of the Mighty Empire.
WOST UNDEVELOPED COUNTRY ON EARTH
Possessing Potentialities that May Have
the Most Far Eeaohintr Consequences ,
WHEAT FIELDS TO FkED THE WORLD
' 'Oarp" Give ? a Lucid Explanation of
Russia Land Laws.
HOW FIFTY MILLION SERFS WERE FREED
The Uimlnti ITiistint , Ills Strength nml
lll > Wetildio.M-IUnHlu , tlioMont Ho-
publictin G'omitiy In tlio
World , Vtltlml.
TAMIIOIT , Husslo , July 25.-lSpoolnl Cor
respondents of Tun BUE. ] I wnto this let
ter in the heart of the grout black plain of
( lussla. 1 am two days' rldo by rail south of
Moscow , In the ragiroa llttlo city of Tamboff ,
nd I have been traveling for days through
tome of the richest lands on the fnco of
God's green earth. This black plain extends
from Poland far Into Siberia. It Is as Hat as
u floor , as rich as guano and as black as your
hat. Us soil Is made up of decomposed veg
etable manor , and It makes mo think of the
richest fields of Kansas , which Senator In-
galls once told mo were so good that you
could thrust your nrm down Into thorn up to
the shoulder and pull up from the bottom
Jiandfulsof blnrk earth as rich as that of the
valley of the Nile. This soil of the black
plain Is an almost natural manure. It pul-
vortzBb easily nnd it ranees all the way from
three to llvo foot deep. It Is the garaon of
Russia and has boon called the granary of
Europe. For hundreds of years it has pro
duced the richest of crops with no scientific
farming , nud today It Is loaded with grain
which has been produced by sowing thosood
after merely scratching Its surface with
wooden plows. This plain Is of vast extent
ondit ould , If half cultivated , supplv all
Europe with food , ana it forms the greatest
compotltor of the United States In the world
toaay. U comprises , I am told , nearly 800-
000 square mlles , raoro than twlco the area
of the Atlantic states from Matno to Florida ,
nnd moro than the aggicgato area of Ohio ,
Indiana , IIIluoU , Michigan , Wisconsin , Min
nesota , Iowa , Missouri , North and South Da
kota , Nebraska , Kansas and Kentucky. At
present only n small proportion of It is
( armed , and the great Russian empire Is by
nil odds the most undeveloped country on
earth today. If the conditions here were the
tame as they are In the United States in ro-
ipoct to government and the rights of pro
perty all the emigration cf Europe would
pour into Russia and SIbertaandtho markets
nnd financial condition of nil tbo world would
be changed.
1'jicts About ItusHln.
In order to got any idea of the Russian
empire nnd its pcoplo ono must got out of the
cities and travel off iuto the country. The
Russia of today Is an agricultural countrv ,
end it Is among the peasants that you find
the elements that are to affect tha world In
the futuro. There nro moro than 100,000,000
of these peasants and It Is an interesting
study to look at them und the vast areas of
land they have to work with. Russia In
Europe Is an empire In itself. I have ulroady
traveled weeks in going over a small part of
It , and its magnlllcont distances nro like
these of the United States. It has .about
two-thirds as muon land as tbo whole United
States , and this land Is n vast plain hommcd
in by the Ural mountains ou tbo east , run
ning from the Baltic sea to the Black sea
and tbo Caspian , and nowhere having any
Bills moro than 1,100 foot high , buoh bills
as there arc , are few , and they He north of
the center of the country and make a watershed
shod , so that from thorn by the most gradual
Call the water runs from these both noith
nd south. Russia is well watered , and
great rivers cut their way through tha land
giving bor irrigation aud transportation
facilities. The Irrigation Is as yet only be
gun , but the nvois and canals have for gen
erations formed almost the only moans of
shipping goods throughout the country.
It is wonderful how cheap freights
nro and how ' far reaching this
Water communication Is. Tbo Volga is as
big as the Mississippi and it is 2.UOO mlles
lone. It runs through the eastern part of
European Russia and It has such branches
that it formsatrado nrtory fur central and
BOUth Russia and Siberia. It is connected by
canal with the Nova and goods can bo taken
by water from Astrukahn to St. Petersburg ,
and by hundreds of its branches and connec
tions can bo shipped from the Baltio to tbo
most out of the way regions of tbo country.
The Don , which Hews Into the Black sea ,
Puns for n part of Its course not far from the
Volga , anil there are u half-dozen navigable
Dtvors which go Into the Black sea. North
Russia is llllod with lakes and streams , and
It is only in the south that the lack of water
| s felt. Hero in the great black plain a
drouth causes bad crops , und it was n series
of drouths that brought about tbo famlno of
Ibis year. Tlilo , however , might have boon
Avoided by dooycr plowing , for I am told that
Wherever the /armors plowed as deep as we
do they had excellent crops.
ItiiHAlit'n four l.siml Zone * .
This part of Russia Is known as the black
land zone , nnd ono pots some Idea of the
country In looking ut it In such divisions.
There Is as much difference in the climate of
this land us thnra Is difference In that of the
various parts of the United States , und lu St.
Poteuburg I were two suits of undercloth
ing nnu an ovorcoai , whllo here I am roastIng -
Ing In my shirt slcovcs. Northern Uusslu Is
covered with forests , nud the czar has proba
bly moro wood thnn all tbo rest of ICuropo
put together. Krom the Haltlo to Moscow
there U llttlo also than forests. There nro
vast woods through whluh you might wan.
dor for hundreds and hundreds of mlloi aud
Dover find any signs of habitations , and
Which nio not penetrated oy railroads , und I
traveled for hours from Petersburg to Moscow -
cow through woods moro wild than any in
America. This is known as the forest zone
of Russia. It Includes moro than 400,000,000
ncros , and Hikes In tha most of tl.9 northern
part of Russia lu Europe. Below thU zone
of forests comes this black lands zoua where
1 now urn , und below this and running paral
lel with It across Russia li the arable atoppos
tone , whluh is bringing forth good crops , but
which needs manure to help It , and which In
lUcutuucturU much llko our western prat-
rlo . It ii used largely for ( iruzlng and It
grows wild gnmoi which are oftun seven
dud eight foot high. This zone bus as much
land as Texas , und It U sum that Toxus could
feed the whole United States. I am told that
the soil In that part of Russia Is much llko
thutof Texas , und when Russia Is wollopoucd
up by rullroadu Ibis zone will bo an Import-
nut factor lu tbe agricultural markets of the
world. Ac It U now only about one-tenth of
von the black Unas' region is oultivatua and
Uusslu already supplies the greater purl of
Iho food of Europe. Germany aua tha other
countries of the continent have been much
ntroctoo by the prohibition of the § ram ex
ports from Russia during the famlno , and It
Is this moro than anything also that has sat
the Germans to studying rnd experimenting
on our corn to see It thov cannot got some
combination of corn and rye which will feed
their army and leave tbom Independent of
Russia. As It Is they have boon getting n
largo proportion of their rye from Russia
and rye Is the staple broad food of the Ger
mans.
How Itiuslnn Innd are Divided.
The land laxvs of Russia are far different
from those of the United Stale * and the land
Is divided up In a way that Is not known
clsnivhero. The Czar owns moro thnn half
of all the lands of the otnplro nnd a great
part of the vast forests of Russia belong to
tbo crown. These forests are managed by
the officers of the crown nnd the wood from
thorn Is cut by tbo peasants either for wngos
or on speculation. The crown has some
thing llko 30,000.000 aoros of forests , and It
has a vast area of lind which Is loosed out
nnd which brings a regular yearly revenue.
Tbo most of Its lands lie In the northern part
of the countrv and a largo per oont of thorn
nro mi productive.
Next to llio czar como the peasants , who
own about 27 per cent , or only n llttlo moro
than A fourth of European Russia , nnd the
great oulk of this land Is mortgaged to thn
stnto , and Is being paid for on tbo install
ment iln. ) . This peasant land is owned , not
by Individuals , tmt by villages in common ,
and these villages have assumed the debt for
tbo land which was assessed upon them at
the tlmo that the so.-fs were freed by Alex
ander II. , and they work the lands in com
mon , dividing thorn up among themselves
every few years , but never giving any ono n
fee simple title to his portion , but only al
lowing him the use of It for a limited period.
Thorauro moro than yo',000,000 ) acres of land
hold In thU way In different parts of Russia ,
or enough land to make eight stutos the slzo
of Ohio or Kentucky. Tnls Inutl Is hold by
about 23,000,000 owners , nnd the average
amount of land held by ouch of ttioso Rus
sian peasants Is loss than thirteen acros. In
Oip rich lands the average Is much smaller
than this , nnd about Tula Mm Countess Tel
stoi told mo that It was not moro than three
acres per person.
1'oor Xolilos.
Tbo Russian nobility , who used to own
nearly all of this peasant land and who , till n
generation ago , had the peasants as their
serfs or half slaves , are growing poorer and
poorer. They received pay for their lands
which were given to the peasants on a basU
of a 0 per cent revenue value of them. Hut
they have not made money out of their sales ,
nnd they nro gradually soiling what they
have loft , and in the futura Russia may some
tlmo become a laud of small proprietors.
Still ns it is they still have u vast deal of roul
estate , and I have traveled through the farms
of nobles whore you could rldo all day on
horseback at n good Russian speed , which is
about the fastest In the world , and not get
to the end of their estates. Almost all of the
nobles are extravagant. Sonio of them are
as poor as church mice , nud to bo a nobla in
RuKsia Is noMgn of a long podlgioo , great
wealth or a great amount of culture. There
are something llko 1,000,000 nobles In the
cmpiro , and of those only n llttlo over 100-
000 uro land holders , and of these the
average holding is less than 2,000 acros.
Since the serf * were freed the merchant
class has boon rising in Russia , and though
1 boar the nobles now and then speak of
them rather aiieorlngly they nro rapidly ac
quiring land. This class already owns nrous
which aggregate a territory equal to that of
the Btnto of Indiana , and other lands are hold
by private companies and by the churches
nnd monasteries. The monasteries are very
rich and they own not only great tracts of
leased lauds , but also town property and
business blocks. Ono of the best streets In
Moscow Is owned almost altogether by the
monasteries , who hold on to their invest
ment * as the Catholic church does to that
which it owns in some of our cities and who
understand bow to got good rents and good
pro'lts ' from tbolr estates.
A Nation or I'euaniits.
Russia , however , is a nation of peasants.
\Vo hoar of this country only as the land of
the czar , or as the possessions of thn autocrat
of nil the Russlas , und until this year few
people have looKud upon it as much also than
nn ordinary European countrv llllea with an
oppressed and rather turbulent people. It
was supposed , ana largely is supposed today
to bo filled with peasants who aio plotting
against their government , nud who nro dis
satisfied with their condition. It Is known
us the lai.d of nihilism and it Is thought by
many that the peasants are among the
nihilists. This is n mistake. Such nihilis
tic elements as exist do not belong to the
peasantry at nil and tbo nihilists , the officials
nnd the nobllttv form but a drop In the
bucket of this great Russian population.
Tlio town and the city pcoplo number but
a few millions , nnd iho great bulic of tbo
people live in llttlo villages. These villages
constltuto the real Russia and the Russia out
of which is to como the Russsa of the futuro.
Of the 120,000,000 subjects of tbo czar loss
than 20,000,000 llvo in towns , nud the towns
of Russia are numbered by hundreds.
There are comparatively only a few largo
cities. St. Petersburg is as big as Philadel
phia , Moscow is about the slzo of Boston ,
Warsaw Is as big as St. Louis
and Odessa is a llttlo blggor than
Cleveland. In addition to these there are
a few cities of 100,000 each and then about
300 cttlos ranging from 10,000 up to 50,000 ,
and about fifteen cities of 50,000 to 100,000 in
ttizn. There are , however , moro than half a
million peasant villages , und these villages
contain tbo vast ponsiint population of Rus
sia , which forms nearly one-tenth of tbo pop
ulation of tbo globe. This Immense number
of peopla Impresses mo moro and moro every
day , and I begin to realize what these num-
bois mav moan to us. If all tbo men , women
and children on this big round earth could
bo collected together one in every ton of them
would bo a Russian peasant , nud of all the
land upon the earth , they own anil are scat
tered over one-seventh of it. Only a small
proportion of these manv millions live out
side of Russia , nnd the village system nnd
customs nro vorv Diuch the sumo the whole
empire over. Every Russian vlllaco is n
llttlo Russia in Itself , and by the study of
these people and by'a look at one of tuolr
villages you got a fair idea of the whole em
pire and of this great Russian-people. Of
couiso there nro Asiatic tribes , and some of
the now territories , us Finland and Poland ,
ara to u certain extent different from the
pure Russians , but tbe great Russia Is u vil
lage , Russia und the Russians as a nation are
tbe peasants.
A llusBl.m Village.
I was surprised during a call which I made
on ox-Mlnlstor to Russia Lathrop at bis homo
In Detroit to bear him say thnt Russiu was
tbo most republican country In the world
and that its people to u largo extent , gov
erned themselves. I find this to bo true.
Each of the 500,000 villages Is a little re
public. Its Inhabitants elect their own
officers by vote und Its courts , for all oral-
nary offenses , are managed by judges elected
by it. Every village has a llttlo assembly of
Its own made up of ono member to every llvo
houses , and those man matiiigo the affairs of
tha village. The village , you know , owns
the land , and this assembly divides this from
tlmo to tlmo among tno people , giving each
family a certain number of acres , according
to the number In it and according to Its
'
working power. After such u dlvls'iop the
lands aio loft with the families to which they
uio allotted until the next division , when
they revolt to the village to bo given out to
tbo same persons or to others , ns the assem
bly may see fit. This assembly fixes the
dates of harvesting , thu time of solving
crops , and It mm < cn nil arrangements as to
tbucollection or taxes. Tlio governmental
thu czus taxes thu village u lump sum , and
thU assembly appoi lions this lux among
ilioso who should pa/it. No ono can leave
thu village without tha permission of the
assembly or without leaving behind him
u guarantee In some shape or other that his
shuro of the Imperial taxes will bo paid , nnd
a drunken good-for-nothing U often voted
out of the village entirely and his share of
the village lands coos buck to the village.
Each vlllaco elects two putty judges , who
settle all small nulls relating to sums of loss
thai , $3 and potty quarrels , und larger suits
uro settled up to a certain amount by a
higher court elected by a llxod number of
villages and formed into an asaombly called
"tho volost. " Every thousand people among
the peasants huvo ono of tbono assemblies
uud tbo different village * making up the
thousand elect delegates to them , und all dis
putes among tha people of these villages uro
brought before this assembly and tried.
Thq power of the volost , however. Is limited.
It cannot try cuaoa of moro than t&O , nor can
U Imprison for moro than seven days. In
addition to these two potty courts there are
trials by jury , ana these uro court * made up
partly by juagos appointed bvthoczuraud
partly by these olootod by the people , and
an appeal can bo taken from this to the
higher oourU utSt. Petersburg and Moirow.
The vlllago nssomblv Is oillod the mlr , the
assembly made up of enough vlllngoi to com
prise 1,000 population U ' 'Iho volost , " nml
above this there U In oaoh tllsti let n third
assembly of delegates elected by the nobility.
tbo towns and tbo villages of tno district nml
this assembly Is called the zemstoo. and Its
business 1.1 to tnuo care of the roads of the
district , to sco that propar provisions nro
made ngalnst famlno , to intend to educational
matters In which nil the poonlo of the dis-
trlctarc Interested. These Russian districts
nro n good dnal llko our counties , nnd there
nro n number of thomlnoach province , which
last Is nrcsldoii over by n governor und his
council , appointed by the czar. It will thus
bo scon thnt the pcoplo of Russia have n
homo rule system of their own llko ours.only
more so , In that the most minor matters are
managed by It , A Russian peasant can buy
land If ho has the money , but the roost of
tbom hnvo no property outside of that they
own In common with their village , and the
only estate the average peasant has Is thn
little thatched hut which covers nn area o f
nbout twontv foot square. They stick , how
ever , very closely to the common property ,
nnd will do anything rather than lese their
interest In the village to which they belong.
Strange tosay , they uro by no moaus auxlous
to hold office and tnoy consider an election as
village policeman or elder nithur ns n curse
than a blessing. Their village assemblies
and elections tnko place in tbo open air in
ono long street of the village nnd thov dis
cuss matters pertaining to their crops nnd
their government among themselves. They
do not reallzo , however , that they might go
any further thnn they hnvo now gotten In
the way of government and they look upon
the decrees of Iho c/ar something as tboy do
on the laws of nature or these of God , which
could not possibly bo changed ,
A Nutlon of f rooit Mnvo * .
The Russians resent tbo insinuation that
their serfs were slaves , but the truth Is they
were llttlo moro than that , nnd It Is not long
since thov were bought and sold. They
were , perhaps , lu a llttlo bolter condition
than our negroes at the tlmo of the begin
ning of the war , but not very much so , and
In looking at the Russia oDjday it must bo
remembered modern Rus ln has notyot lived
qulto ono generation. It was born during
our late civil war , when the c/ar of his own
froa will took the bondage off of 47,000,000 of
pooplo. Wo think Wo did u big thine In freeIng -
Ing our 3,000,000 , but Russia nt tbo snmo
time * freed neatly r 0OOJ,000 , nnd organized a
system by wblcn ihoy could pav for their
lands nnd themselves. They were given a
part of Iho lands of their masters aud this
not In the shupo nf Individuals , but us vil
lages , making the villages and not the Indi
viduals responsible for thorn. Tbo tlmo of
payment for these lands was to bo forty-nine
vcars , and they have already redeemed nbout
f 130,000.000 \ \ orlh of lands , or moro than
STi.OOO.OOO ncros. In addition to holding oa
to and gradually paying for the lands thev
got from the government many of the vil
lages have bought moro land and some of
tha peasants have bought land and hold it In
addition to the village land. Such cases are ,
however , comparatively very fow.
The Russian peasant is naturally Improvi
dent and unambitious. Ho has but few
wants , and ho lives ns far us ho eau from
hand to inoutb Ho has not .1 ot reached Iho
stngo of aspiring to independence nud to tbo
ordinary comforts nf llfo , anu his depend
ence ns a serf with all the shlftlossnoss that
comes with such a condition clings to him
moro than It does to our negroes in the
worst parts of the south. Naturally , how
ever , ho Is physically and Intelloclually the
equal of any man on tbo fnco of the earth ,
and when ho is once roused up to his possi
bilities and shown how bo can rcalt/o them
ha will develop Into ono of the strongest
man of the futuro. No ono can go among tbo
Russian peasants without being struck by
tha wonderful strength of features of bolh
mon and women. I see every day scores of
peasants whoso faces would attract attention
In any American crowd , and the women I
meot'aro motherly , womanly looking women.
There are very tow villainous faces , and the
patriarchal meu who look as though they
ware mon of authority and force nro to bo
seen on every sldo. I visited a Russian batn
in Moscow where I saw a hundred odd mon
stark naked , steaming , soiplng and scrub
bing their milk wbito skins and I was struck
by the splendid phvslquo which every one
of tbom possessed. Thorn was of the whole
100 not ono who had not broad shoulders and
big bonos. All were tall nnd stout , and when
I thought thit tbcso mon were not picked
atbtetcs , but merely an nvoraga crowd al a
public bath nouso , I folt-tho staying power
of those hundred odd millions as I never bad
botoro. During the past few Oavs I have
been visiting these peasants in their fields
aud in their villages. I have gene Into tbolr
housns and huvo talked with all classes of
them. They scorn to mo llko n vast nation of
'
grown up men who.'wlth the strength of a
giant , have all the simplicity and ignorance
of asoml-savugo child. In another letter I
will toke you Into QUO of tboir villages aud
sbowyou as well as I can just how thny loolc ,
net and live. FUAXIC G. UAHI'IMIH.
Cook's Extra Dry Imperial Champagne has
no superior. Try It. Record , forty years.
Warranted pure juice ot the grapo.
PACTS ABOUT OMAHA.
Omaha has flvo public parks.
Omaha has slxty-fivo mlles of paved
streets.
Omaha has ninety-two miles of sowers.
'
There are sixty p'ubllo schools , employing
293 teachers.
There are twenty-two church and private
schools , employing 152 toachon.
The school census shows over 00,953 chil
dren of suhool ago.
Omaha is a cltv of churches , having 115
bouses of religious worship.
There uro sixty-tiro hotels.
There are thirteen trunk lines of railway ,
covering U5,2JJ mllus of road operated from
Omaha. Ono hundred and thirty passenger
trains arrive dally.
Omaha has tbo largest nmnltor in the
world.
Omaha has the largest linsooJ oil works In
iho United States.
Omaha Is tbo third largest packing center
in the world. Last year the stock receipts
were : Cattle , 3,533,710 ; hogs , 7,100,8155 ;
sheep. 7S'Sik ! ; .
Omaha has the largest distillery in the
world nnd three of the largest breweries In
the United States.
Omaha has the largest whlto loud works
in the world.
Aside from the packing houses Omaha has
100 manufacturing enterprises with a com
bined capital of ? 3QJ3.000. Last year their
products amounted to ! J , 000,000.
The principal shops of the Union Pacific
railway are located In Omaha. They cover
fifty acres of ground und represent an out
lay of gj.500,000. They furnish employment
to 1,200 skilled mechanics and 200 day labor
ers.
During the year 1391 tbo real estate trans
fers amounted to $15,0.39,331.
The actual real estate valuation Is $350,000-
000 , whllo tbo assessment for taxation is
based on u ono- tooth valuation.
Omaha h us twenty banks , of which nlno
are national , eight savings and thrco are
state banks.
During Ib91 the clearings were 3.21 , 128-
U5.
U5.Tho
The poitofllco receipts for tbo .year were
fJil,5SS.U' ) ) ! This department gave employ
ment to forty-six clerks and sixty-six car
riers.
Omaha has ono of the most complete water
works systems In Iho wet Id. The plain cosl
$7,000,000 aim has 170 miles of mains. Tno
pumping capacity is 35,000,000 gallons dally.
There are nlnety-tlvo miles of street rail
way , mainly electric. The ay stem employs
( ! 00 men and operates 275 can. The monthly
pay ooll Is f 10,000.
Population In 18153 . J.80I
Population In IbUO. . . . , . JiuHl
Population lu WJ . yi.lis
1'uimtntloii In IBU . Gl.b.13
I'opulut ou in U'J ' ) . „ . . . .
The "No. 0" Wheeler & Wilson will sow
tun finest and most delicate fabrics without
drawing or puckering them. It will not
brcnic tha poorest brown or blue thread. Its
stitch is the most elastic known. Sold by
Goo. W. Lancaster & Co. , C14 S. 10th street.
1'oor , li-nr .Mnrlyr ,
Indianapolis Join-mil : "You need not
deny it. I Know Unit tie kissed you
while you were BlttltiL' on the bloiM iu&t
"Yes , nmininu , eight or ton times , I
"Eight or ton tiraos. Why I you "
"Yes , mamma dour. I toid lurii the
first tlmo if hn did it ngaln I wouldn't
8ioulc ] to him und nftor that I couldn't
toll him to stop without brouklng my
word. And I know you would not want
your daughter to toll a lib. "
Alllanoo Is to have u Catholic church build
ing , and a priest will bo stationed there after
September 1.
W..GES IN OMAfe ANDLONDON
A Comparative Statement Lirgaly In Favor
of American Uecliamcs and Laborers.
P.AIN SHOWING OF ACTS AND FIGURES
it May Cost n Trlllo Moro to I.lvo In
1'iM
Omnliii thnii It Docs 111 I.omlon ,
but tVuifOH Are Much
Illfihcr'iloro.
In tlieso hot days of political strife much
Is being sutd of the compariUlva vta.gaa of
mechanics nnd laboring mon In Uront Urttatn
nud Amortca. Shorn of Its political signifi
cance the subject la a most interesting ono.
It is n gratification to know that American
artisans and laborers are better paid than
tlioso of any other nation , and the actual
figures demonstrating this fact will bo In
teresting to all classes of people.
THE Bnu presents for the consideration of
hi readers a comparative showing of the
wages paid In Omaha aad London for identi
cal wotk , together wltn a further showing of
tha purchasing power of that tuonoy In pro
viding for the sustenance and support of the
mechanic or laborer and his family.
It was found to bo true looontly that a
London contractor had boon granted an addi
tional sum over and nbovo his contract
prlco , and that It hud ooun done on
account of an unforsoon increase In
waures , though , with the exception of a single
I n 3 tan co , tbo increase Is as yet n prospective
rather thnn an actual ono , us the now scale
will not tuko afloat for the trndoi generally
until November , the bricklayers being tbo
only class which Is already enjoy lug the sen
sation of an Increase lu pay.
Wngos rant to London Mechanics.
The pay of bricklayers has gene up and
they are now receiving uluo pence ha'penny
an hour Instead of nine pence , the wage they
wore getting until three weeks ngo.
Tbo increase Is equivalent to a cent an
hour , and in the summer week of llfty-two
and one-half hours It moans a difference of
that number of cents per week. It will bo
soon , thorotore , that the weekly earnings of
u tlrst class London bricklayer , provided ho
works full time , are $10 since the ralso , as
against $0.50 boforo. In winter , of course ,
both hours und pav suffer diminution , and at
that season , when living Is at Its highest , ho
would got loss 111 an $ 'j a week , oven under
the Increase.
These Figures Spruit Volumes.
Wbllo the London bricklayer gets 910
under the now schedule for his week's work
of llfty-two nnd one-half hours , the Omaha
bricklayer puts In an ovnn lUty-two hours a
week nnd receives for his labor the sum of
$ . 3.75. Ho receives 50 cents an hour , and on
Saturday Is given snven and ana-half hours' '
pay for seven hours'work. Last year ho
rooolvod olpht Hours' pay for seven hours'
work on Saturday , but this year it is fixed at
the above figure. . In Denver they are paid
55 for eight hours' work ; in St. Louis , f > 5
cents per hour for all , tlmo worked , and In
many of the largo clllos "front men , " who
lily pressed brick ( together , are pala from
S ? to 59 a day. Bifc , this comparison has to
do solely with London1 and Otnaba , and tbo
comparative figures for the same woik are ,
London $10 u week , Omaha Sii.75 a woolc.
Notwithstanding tho'fact that the English
bricklayer does not receive sufficient wogei
to make him an objecvof envy to bis Ameri
can brethren , he Is batter off in the amount
ho loceivos than nny'of the other workers
in the building line , with the exception of
the plumoor nnd the "stono fixer. "
They each work flftyUwo and a half hours
a week , aud on Saturday" night pocKet $10.50
as the fruits of their labor , whllo the Omaha
plumber receives cents for every hour ho
works , aud his neighbor,1 the stonecutter or
stonemason , gels 4i oohts an hour , each re
ceiving more than double the nnges paid his
brother across the water.
Occasionally you ilod'an English plasterer
who receives SlO.oO'aC wetk , but the cencral
run fulls a dollar below that figure , while the
Omaha plasturer receives $ i for oaoh day of
eight hours. ' '
Omalin.toilio 1'root.
London masons , carpenters and slaters are
paid 0 pence , which U about 18 cents an hour ,
and n untors 8 pence , or 10 cents. Omnba
slatora receive ii5 cents an hour and carpen
ters from 5 to SO cents an hour , as rough
carpenters are paid t0 ! to 22J4 cents , regular
carpenters 'J7 cents , und linistiors 30 cents an
hour.
Omaha painters receive from 25 to 30 cents
on hour for general work , gratncrs receiving
D3 cents , fresco piuitcM 50 cents , sign paint
ers -15 cents , paper hungers 3" > conls , and
decorators 35 cents. Omaha lathers receive-
lit ) cents an hour , steam fitters Uo cents , tin
smiths 30 cents , reefers , 35 cents , gravel
roofers 30 cents , hod carriers 22 % cents ,
ditch diggers and common laborers , 2-J
cents an hour.
lu London , for sucn work as scaffolding ,
hoisting und tbo bundling of timber , six
pence ha'nupenny or 13 cents an hour Is paid ,
whllo other grades of common labor receive
only sixpence or 12 cents an bour. Ordinary
ollico clerks work in Lonaon fortwonty-llve
shillings a week on an avcracre.or aoout'f.27 a
month. In Omaha they receive S50 a month ,
Mule clerks behind London counters receive
? l ! . ' , ' . " > u week , nnd In Omaha from 10 to SIS a
week. Cilrls assisting in London stores
draw from W to $3 50 per week , and In
Omaha from $5 to $ S per week.
London street car man work thirteen
hours a day for JO a week , wbilo In Omaha
they receive iit ) cents an hour , making from
JOU to $05 a month. The nvoraga wages of
the 4.000 common laborers employed by the
English government at the Woolwich nrso-
tml is n little loss than $5 a week for 11 fly-
four hours of work. Tno common laborers
about the wharves are , from the standpoint
of wages , the lowest class of tlioso known
under the general term of dockers. Tlioso
laborers are nearly all what are called casual
woritors , and although their standard wage
under tbo now schedule is sixpence an hour
wltn an increase for overtime , so Irregular Is
their employment that they can barely aver
age ? 2.50 a week. A
The grain men , so-called , form a class by
themselves , about 3,000 In number , and han-
ale tbo corn that comes into port. Of these ,
the casuals receive SI.40 per day of twelve
hours , and tbo regulars 17.50 a weak , work
ing the same hours ,
Gumimratlvo Cost of Living- ,
Tbo cost of some of the necessaries of Ufa
in the quartan of London inhabited by tbo
poorer classes are at the present time us fol
lows : Coal ( summer price ) ono and three
pence per hundred or $5.75 par ton. Such
moat as is ou the market In those locali
ties , 13 to 10 oonts a pound. Tha poor do not
buy Hour , and tbolr bread costs thorn 0 and
10 couts a quartern loaf (0)4 ( pounds. ) The
poor apology of buttoriurhicu they are glad
to put up with costs them 20 cents a pound ,
ana bacon 10 and 20 cents , a pound. Tea is
cheap , costing from 24 to 37 cor.ts a pound.
It sometimes happons'that a chicken can
bo seourod for 03 cents , but tboy are generally -
ally found roosting in tUo market nt from SO
cents to $1.25 upleco. Italrly good roast beef
costs 2J cents a pound'fitouKa si eon IB , und
mutton chops oven higher than that. A log
of tnuttou weighing nine pounds brings uu
ovou $2.
Jlontiilnuro .Silently Against Us.
When It como.s to a question of rents it
will DO found that the merest apology for a
dwelling In the populous .districts of London
will cost & . & 0 to f.i pa ? week. Par out from
' .ho center of London spiall dwellings of lour
rooms mav bo had for < > # bout $1,50 u week ,
but to that must t > o adijqt ) the railroad faro ,
which oven on the workmen's trams amounts
to u shilling a week , malting tbo root $7 u
month oven af torgolui ; out several miles. In
London itself it would be hard to got a house
of auy description for loss than 11 a month ,
l.lttle mirurenrn In Clothing.
When It conies to clothing , an Inspection
of auy of Omaha' * largo clothing stores will
load any anne man to auk if it U reasonable to
suppose that anywhere on earth ho can got
an ull wool suit for loss than (5 , Tliut is
what ho can do right hero ut homo ,
ana for from tl" to 15 bo can got u
dull that no man la Omaha ucod bo iishamod
to wear anywhere , and that Is what Is paid
for the greater part of the clottllng that U
being worn In this city toduy by thoclurku ,
mechanics and bushiest men of Omaha.
Laboring man are wearing neat , welMlttlng
nulls that cost from $10 to 12 , and
are well and substantially made. Kngllsh
dothon uiado up as well cost fully as
much und only when thrown together In the
ihapoloss , baggy aud out-of-jolnt fashion
that uiakos every Immigrant a
stock Is the reduced cost apparent. The
same goods which , when cut In the Ameri
can style , II * ted with American exactness
and finished according to the American qual
ity of workmanship woula cost you In Oma
ha $45 , you can got put together nnd hung on
your book In London for t > or 50. but there
will bo nioro difference between thorn than
between two American suits costing $15 nnd
? 2J respectively.
It is , however , potslblo to get a good suit of
clothes in London quito ns good ns can bo
secured In America but the only way to do
It Is to go to some fashlor.nblo. high priced
tailor , a man who keeps lint class worumon
nnd pays lair wages , nna there n first class
suit may bo obtained , but the cost will bo , if
jmvihlnp , a llttlo moro than your Omaha
tailor would have charged for oxaotlv the
same plcco of goods , the same amount of care
being taken and the same grade of workman
ship.
I'ntnts ' .
on 1'roeress.
Chill has lady car conductors.
Astor's income is $7.83 n mlnuto.
Buffalo has a Business Woman's club.
American ptos are popular in England.
\Vo rnnko 2,377,000,000 cigarettes n year.
The ashes of burned cork make line black
paint.
Brick Is to bo made from on ppod granlto
and clay.
Ornpo cultivation employs 2,300,000 persons
In Franco.
A Minneapolis mill makes 10,300 barrels of
flour a day.
A Washington ranch has 5,000 chlouons
and 8,000 Japanese pheasants.
A patent has boon Issued for a lock which
can bo operated only by a magnetized key.
Six million dollars nro invested In the
manufacture of dynamlto in the United
States.
The silk worm's web Is only 5300th part of
an Inch In thickness nnd seine of the spiders
spin a rope so mlnuto that It would tauo
00,000 of tbom to form n rope an Inch In
diameter.
For the first six months of Ib93 the Rail
way Ago reports now railroad construction
in 1,307 mllos. This shnws a Heavy falling
off In railroad building , and is an Indication
of conservatism in all olhor speculative busi
ness.
ness.Tho
The now navy of the United States , when
all the vcjsols authorized uro completed , will
comprise forty-five vessels of all aogroos ,
carrying 804 guns and 11.CU4officers nnd tnon.
These inoiudo flvo battle ships , six harbor
defense vessels and three armored cruisers.
The Working Girls' Vacation society of
Now York city Is now In Its ninth year.
Nine hundred girls wore sent away last your
for vacation of of about two weeks each nnd
over 40,000 excursion tickets were given to
girls who could only leave the city tor a day
ut atn tlmo.
Some Scotch worklngmon hand over oil
their wages to their wives , who make them
an allowance for pocket money. In the
course of n newspaper controversy on this
subject a thrifty matron stated that the al
lowed her husband I shilling and 0-pcnco
weekly out of his wages , with poi mission to
spend a portion of It In taking a dram with a
friend on Saturday night.
The grauo-crossslng problem In Philadel
phia Is greatly simplified by the action of the
Pennsylvania Railroad company , which has
already raised Us tracks o.vor twenty streets
six toolght foot nnd built brldgos costing on
an average about 815,000. Tha company has
prepared , and will soon present to the coun
cils , an ordinance to change tbo grade on
Ihlrty-fivo moro streets. It is interesting to
note that these proposals como from thornll-
wav company , which pays the ontlra cost of
the changes , the cltv being called upon qnly
to glvo gruoes. .
Pears'
Soap
People have no idea how
crude and cruel soap can be.
It takes off dirt. So far ,
so good ; but what else does
it do ?
It cuts the skin and frejs :
the under-skin ; makes red
ness and roughness and
leads to worse. Not soap ,
but the alkali in it.
Pears' Soap has no free ,
alkali in it. It neither red
dens nor roughens the skin.
It responds to water in
stantly ; washes and rinses
off in a twinkling ; is as
gentle as strong ; and the
after-effect is every way
good.
All sorts of stores sell it ,
especially druggists ; all sorts
of people use it.
D aby's cheek islllie a peach ,
Is It Madame Rupport's bleaoh ?
No ! but baby's mama's cheek
Volumes to its praise doth speak !
Call ( or Muio. llupport'a book , "How to bo Ccautl-
1U '
MADE ONLY BY
LN.K.FAIRBANK&CO , CHICAGO ,
ABSOLUTELY PURE -
'F.r.JA < UEi . CO. KANSAS CITV.MO.
NTE'RNATIONAL SANITARIUM
DR. W. C. MAXWELL , Prest.
16th and Howard Streets , - - Omaha , Nebraska.
FOR TIIE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ALL
Chronic , Private and Nervous Diseases ,
Male o\ female , by competent physicians who hive made a special study of the above
class of diseases , not only to tro.it , but guarantee a euro in all cam ? undertaken.
THE SANITARIUM la the most complete and tha best equipped Institution of Ha kltd
In the entire west. It contains fifty rooms for the accommodation of patients who may
require the constant attention of oxporlenned physicians and nurHes.
BOARDING will be furnished at reasoniblo rates. Write fo- book on diseases , mailed
free , to any address on application . Persons unable to visit us may bo tro itod at homo
by correspondence. All communications strictly confidential. Ono personal inter
view preferred , whenever convenient for patient.
WRITE FOB QUESTION BLANKS to state the history of your case. Medlolno BOCU o'.y
packed and sent by mill or express. Address ,
INTERNATIONAL SANITARIUM ,
Dr. W. C. Maxwell , Freeldunt. Omaha , Nebraska
PERCENT S.E. ConJg17 * g
4 PAID ON
DEPOSITS :
The UNPRECEDENTED SUCCESS
that the
Behr Bros. & Go's.
PIANO
Have nttnlnoil , nud the high prnlso they hnro cUclloil from the world's MOST RB
NWNED ARTISTS , from the press and from n public long prejiidlcod lu fnTor of
dcr makes , It Is ate to assume that the iustruino.it mint bo iiossa ul of DNCOM
SION ATTRIBUTES.
MAX MEYER & BRO. CO. ,
Sole Agents , Omaha , Nebraska.
Established 1866.
Dr
1316 Douglas Street , Omaha , Neb.
Tli * eminent iperlnllit In nervous , elironlc , private , blood , nklnanrt nnnnrr < 1l > cnioi. A repmlar nnQ
registered umdu&tu in raoiloloa , ns illnloiiirn und curilllcntui ohotr. u mil treating with tlio greutust uccoii
catarrh , Bpermntorrboea , lost munhooJ , lamina ! Woaknoi * . nluht lossoi , linpntoncjr , lyiilillls. ttrlctoro. BOH-
orrlioeoBleuTiirlcmoloetc. Noiuercurr uneJ. New troatmunt forloniof vital power. 1'urtles unnblo to
vIMi rae nmy l > o truntel t homo bj correapomlonca. Mo'lklrn ' or Iniirumpnt * tunt bjr mall or oiprcus
. marki lolnillcatu conlonl oriunder. Ono nuraonal .
curoljrpnokeil. no * Inturrluw prtietroil. Coniuliailoa
Iron Corrospomlence itrtctly prlrato. Hook ( Myilerlu ot LAta ) lent freo. Offlo * tiour 9 . u. K > U D , m.
Bundun Wo. m.to 13m.Suuu itamplor reel/ .
FILLED WITHOUT PAIN.
At Last We Have It The Most Sensitive Tooth Filled , Without Pain , by a NEW PROCESS.
mt
No necessity now of losing any
magic , is pleasant for the patient a
Porcelain Enamel Crowns on roots . . ,
molar roots without pain. I3y this wonderful process wo restore by contour gold Illling thn original Hhapo of it brolcon or de
cayed tooth. DO NOT DELAY these important organs. Have every tooth preserved. THINK A MINUTE. The beauty
of the mouth and fnco. Tlio swcotnoss of the breath. The comfort in masticating food , rod your health demands that you
care for your mouth and tooth ,
To tlioso who have lost their natural
teeth , or part of them , wo call attention
to our method of making TEETH
WITHOUT PLATES. Fixed und Re
movable Bridge Worlc.
Call and see the Morris Thin Elastio
Dental Plato , ns thin uu paper , oiastlcas
whalebone , tough ns leather. With
tills kind of a plato wo cun successfully
( it mouths that have failed to got u fit
from any other method. Tlieso plates
are pleasant to wear , fooling soft and
ngreotiblo to gums and tongue. Cost no
moro than other hinds ,
A FULL SET
of Tooth on Hard Rubber ,
PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED.
Tooth extracted without pain by
inouiiHof our wonderful local iina > athotic.
Nltro oxide or laughing gus und vital
ized air kept constantly on hand , and
administered without danger.
liomombor immo and location.
DR. R. W. BAILEY , - - DENTIST ,
Office , Third Floor Paxton Block , 16th and Fariiam Streets.
Entrance ou Sixteenth etroot , Elovatoror Stairway. Tolophona 1035. Cut this out for a guide.
J