PflRT TWO , THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE.PfiGES 9-16.
T I
TWENTY-FIRST YEAH. OMAHA , SUNDAY MORNING , JANUARY 3 , 1892-SIXTEEN PAGES. NUMBER 200
, IX PICTURESQUE LISBON ,
Poi Sketches of the Seven-Hilled Oity on
the Tdgns.
PO.t UGUESE HABITS AND CUSTOMS ,
A. Jo .tlniiil I'rncciililo I'roplo-Tliclr llaiitd
A oTln'lrll < inn'H--SIliUiiti | < l .SrrnrHlii
l'ortliRitl'HCapltnI"ICrflriiil > luiicu
of the XntltcH to tlio Irish.
Copyrighted , 1831.
Lisnox , Doc. 1(1. ( [ Correspondence ot TUB
Bcn.J It requires nearly lour duy.s of steam
ship travel from Southampton , England , to
roach Lisbon , the sovon.hlllod city upon the
broad Tugus. ,
The first land you will sco Is the grand
promontory of Hoca , tlio last upon which
\
Columbus lookoJ when , nearly 403 years ago ,
bo sailed awuy from Lisbon with his three
mlsornblo llttlo ships and his 120 men. Like
a whlto dovo's wings spread upon an omornld
ecarf , fair Clntrn gleams against old Hoca's
sldos. Shortly your steamer's course is
chantrsd to the oast. Coscaso is pissod. You
have entered n noble bay which Is nlono rl-
vuled by that of Naplo * , and the horn of
whoso southern crescent terminates In lofty
and sontbro Cupc Isplcholl. Mountains rise
pioturosqiloly to tha north and oait behind
this crescent , purple and far and suggestive
ot illimitable lands beyond , where the gwnt
river manes Its way through the heights
from Its source round about the Spanish
capital ; omornld or puce where the sun ,
from its 1'quld ' bed In the west , lights the far
forests anil flames the serried heights.
Quaint old outlying forts appear ; for-
troises of dcfonso and suiuto. Then the
outer bay narrows to the Hia do Llsboa , Lis
bon's mouth , and a narrow mouth nnd throat
they are ; Drlstllne with forts , capable of
psrfoct defense In those days without a fort
at nil ; and after a passage of perhaps six
miles through this deep und narrow channel
you-have entered an Inner harbor , twenty
miles long , and from three to seven in width ,
where 20,000 ships could rldo at anchor lu
water scarcely stirred by wave or rlpplo the
whole year long.
* I'cn I'lctnrcit of Lisbon.
Lisbon is sot upon the hills along the north
ern shore. The entire estuary is edged with
Villages and villas. K3ro a church , gray and
old , half shows from some verdure-clad tle-
filo. There a Ushmsr town is iheokercd with
whlto cottages und splotches of drying nols.
Yonder n half ruined monastery , with its llt
tlo hamlet of houses creeping up to its walls
like patient beggars for protection nnd alms ,
tolls its story of suppression and con
version to workaday use. Hero and
there are qur.lnt uud ancient docks ,
reminders of where the olden galleons -
loons were built which bore the most intrepid
of nil men to conquest nnd discovery of ut
most lands. What wondrous change upon
the whole world's surface , what mighty rev
olutions In civilization , what volumes ot his
tory , had tholr humble origin hero ! Not to
Rome , nor England , should Americans como ,
reverentially and with guide books like
prayer book's In hand , ns to the cradle spot of
our race. Wo were born on the shores of
the lordly Tugus. Wo are Portuguese In in
ception and conception. Our babyhood was
rocked In the three old tubs which bore Co
lumbus from Km do Lisbon to far Sun Salva
dor.
dor.Tho
The harbor scenes of Lisbon are full of
color nnd charm. Towers and castles ,
churches nnd monasteries , show from all the
surrounding heights. Tbu city itself , almost
as white nnd luminous its Algiers rising from
the son , Is fair to look upon. Craft of all na
tions are here. Up throucb the Kl.x do Lis
bon the west wind is speeding a fleet ot fishIng -
Ing smacks nnd feluccas. Tha lateen sails
are of every color and tint In the yellow sun
light. Heaps of silvery sardines flash and
plittcr beneath the sails. Myriads of hover
ing gulls boar the vast fleet company , for
their wlso Instinct tells them the llshormcn
(
never boprudeo them a share ot their dally
harvest from the deep.
Seagoing Craft.
Every manner ot the smaller craft known
J to Mediterranean waters are plying hack and
forth. Boats full of customs oilleuils dart
from vessel to vessel , now and then converg
ing towards a narrow archway at the water's
cdce , where the fruits , of the chase uro
tithed and stored. Gantry and peasantry
from the surrounding villas and farms ara
coming and goinc in the outlandish craft
pointed like gondolas at both ends , propelled
by swurthy boatmen with breasts open nnd
bnlry to the waist. The blue end whlto flag
ot Portugal flutters from countless harbor
musts. There uro muslo and laughter an
bojit and on shore. The sky above Is the sky
of Italy. The waters beneath have that tint
of azure which hints uf bloom. And when
ono lias-landed at Lisbon aud Is at rest upon
some pretty balcony , air and uky , sea and
mountain , street nnd garden , courts and
fountains , men and boasts , women and voices ,
oil sight und Bound and scorning , prompt to
delicious siesta and enchant to tender re-
pose.
Lisbon is nolthor so fair as Florence , so
dazzling as Palermo , so brilliant ns Paris ,
nor by nnv means so Impressive as Homo. But
Us situation , Its surroundings und Its strik
ing contrasts lend the city and environs a
( loop nnd lasting charm. Palace , church ,
monastery , convent , public building , homo
and shop nro jumbled together in picturesque
con fusion. Its parks uro many nnd pleasant ,
somnolent and restful , rather than brilliant
and grand.
lilnclc IIor o Square.
Down by the water's edge is the flno
broad quadrangle , .Pruca do Coinmorclo ,
or Black Horse bquaro , ns the English have
called it. This Is bordered by the hugo Stock
exchange , the India house , the "Alfanduga"
or Custom house , the splendid naval arsenal ,
mill tbo broad quay at the chore of the Tagus.
In the center Is the hugest. memorial In Lis
bon , the heroic stutuo of King Jose I , whoso
historic reign was contemporary with our
revolution , Forty tons of bronze are In the
atntuo ulone.siipportod by u marble horse and
elephant curved of equal size for symmetry.
Leading out of this squuro to the north Is a
magnificent triumphal aich ; nnd within the
quadrangle , from river to arch , nro pleasing
studies of the great city's commercial lifo lu
Us relation to the trade and affairs of foreign
nations ; whllo picturesque groupings of Lis
bon boatmen mingled with Portuguese of-
- flclals , officers from foiolgn war ships , de
barking und embarking steamer passengers ,
with all manner of strange sailors and man-
of-wiirs1 men In tholr various strange cos
tumes , continually change and enliven tbo
cone.
To the east a llttlo distance along the broad
flno quay Is the Praca dos Uomulnres , which
leads Into.tho Attoro , a magnificent seaside
traffic thoroughfare of perhaps two miles In
length , In the former are denser crowds of
* boatmen and waterside folk , and bore Is lo
cated the Cacs do Sodro where Htrangors are
usually landed. At nil hours of day unit night
x-lt is an interesting locality. Tbo Lisbon
boRtntnu have no otborhomes but tboir boats.
In them they COOK tholr meals nnd sleep.
Until long after midnight you can como upon
' ' ' < \ fleets ot from a dozen to a score of
grouped neighborly together , tbolr
s.hy owners oatlug , drinking and singing
. u utter abandon of contentment , and good
nature. They are n wild and hairy lot. but
the Lisbon police tell mo they nro wholly
peaceable , and are governed lu all tbolr deal
ings nnd relations among themselves by an
cient snd unbroken customs and laws. In
this respect they uro most strikingly like the
fishermen ot Claddagb , at Guhvay , Ireland.
Jhoy also bear strong physical and facial ro-
X lomblanco to the latter , which is not to bo
wondered at. slnco the latter , ns well as many
of the other Guhvay Irish folU of tbo present
day , are descended from Spanish and Portu-
gucio parent stock.
Tho. lliuliioait DUtrlct.
Three tlno , wldo streets extend north from
Praco ao L'ommorclo , or Commercial square.
Tholr names correspond In English to Gold ,
Silver nnd Cloth streets , from coucontrution
of tractors : iml trading In manufactured arti
cles from tboso commodities. Tills section of
tlio city wns entirely rebuilt since tbo great
carthquaka of 1775. nnd forms , with the great
cdlHccs about Commercial squire , \vhnt maybe
bo properly termed tbo business district of
Lisbon.
Tbo northern end of these business
streets tcrtiilnutcs In nnothcr praca , cr par It
ors < iuara 'tho I'raoa do Itoclo In common
Ma n co it IH known m Dora Pedro squaro.
Pa Is a splendid quadranirlo curloiuly paved
with many colontd stones , Tbo Theater do
Donna Murla , on tbo site of thy Inquisition ,
forms Its northern facade. The tremendous
pedestal and plinth of an unfinished monument
ment to Dom Pedro I. stands in tbo center.
Tbls squnro Is the favorlto evening resort of
Lisbon people. It Is dominated on the ono
hand by tbo grand ruins of the Cnrmo , tbo
monnstry of the Carmollto monks , built In
the fourteenth century , nnd on the other by
the cnsteilo , or vast castle of St. Oeorgo
from whoso mighty walU the moit glorious
view of tbo city und environs can bo en
joyed.
Haunts or liciiutirul Women.
Further toward the mountain heights Is
the lovely Passclo I'ubllco. Tbls is the pro.it
resort of the butter classes of the city , sum
mer atjd Winter. It Is not largo , but ll Is on-
clciod and exquisitely laid out In sorpontluo
walks , shaded with numberless trees , and
possesses n wealth of statues , fountains ,
flowers and birds. It is n sweet and song
ful pluco the year through. Tno blrJa never
leave It. At no hour of night or day Is It
deserted by gay proinonadcrs. And it Is here
of all places in" Portugal , that her beautiful
women can bo soon at their best. Tholr faces
are less languorous and sensual than those
of Spain. They may not have tbo sauclnoss
und Hash of the French. The melancholy of
the Italian women is lacking. But they are
still beautiful and wholesome women , with
sweetness of mouth , liquidity of eyes and u
kindly and honest light In tbo whole face
that compensate In gauiilno admiration and
respect any loss on the line of sensually son-
tlrncntal Interest.
Besides these there Is the Interesting Praca
da Flguelra , or flower market , one of the
most attractive places In Lisbon ; the Cnmpo
Grande , over a mile In length , just al the
edge of tbo city , where tho-ridnig and driv
ing of the aristocracy may bo soon ; tbo
Campo do bantn Anna , where tbo noted Lis
bon rag f.itr Is bold weekly ; the Pruco do
Sao Pedro , d'Alcantara , a magnificently
shaded promenade , with a shell grotto and
fountains , overlooking tbo citj and harbor ,
and a score of lessor pracas , squares , gar
dens and parks , where the wayfarer may
tarry , rest and enjoy. Lisbon Is peonlea by
perhaps 300,000 souls. None of Its parks
cun compare with Central park , New York ,
or Lincoln nud Jackson parks , Chicago. But
I.havo never visited any city In Europe in
which I have found so great n number of
tiny resort places , each different from any
other , and every ono so interesting in its
separate individuality , beauty and charm.
801110 Kotablo ISiilliliugH.
Architecturally Lisbon in detail is vastly
moro inteiestlu than beautiful. As
you approach It from the sea with its
domes and , to wars , all flanked by castel
lated height's and purple mountains behind ,
it is Imposing und grand. When you come to
wander within it , you are never astonished
or oven greatly Impressed by its edifices. Its
churches arc less Interesting than those of
any other city of equal sUe In Curopo. The
Church of the Heart of Jesus , on xho sum
mit of Estre'ln ' hill.in Imitation of St. Peter's
at Home , without the colonnade , is the most
pretentious In Lisbon. The Church of Sao
Domingo , the see of the Cardinal Patriarch ,
near tho.Roclo , Is vast in proportions. The
mortimrv chareh of Sao Vicente Is Interest
ing chielly from its containing. In cuiious gilt
hoxca , the remains of tbo Illustrious dead of
the royal house of Braganca. The tiny
cburch of Sun Koquo.with its famous chapel
of St. John , attracts all visitors on account
of Its marvelous mosaics. Those , forming
the back and sides ot thostructuro.aro copies
In veritable slzo of Kanbnel Urbino's De
scent of the Holy Ghost , Guide's Annuncia
tion of Michael Angela's Baptism of Christ.
The wonderful perfection of this wont is
shown In the fact that from any ordinary
point of observation , no difference between
them and the originals can bo detected.
More curious still the ontlro chapel und Its
interior decorations wore first , sot up in
Homo , blessed by Pope Benedict XIV. , taken
down and transferred to Ha" present site. Its
cost has been millions and there is probably
not in the whole world such treasure in art
work , silver , gold and precious stones , m
sacred edlllco of equal dlminslons.
The Charm of Contrast.
It Is the charm of extreme contrast and
ondlois change which holds and makes ono
love old Lisbon. There nro no two streets ,
pracas , churches , public Buildings , shops or
homos u'.ilto. Away from the half dozen mod
em business streets It is almost ilia same
Lisbon that Columbus knew. Hera is a
shadowy shop of ono story whore grimy men
grope about among gritty pile * of charcoal.
The next building may bo a three or live
otory structure housing the richest of wares ,
whoso upper ttorios are fancifully decorated
In gorgeous paints and gilts.
Next to this ou ono side of a dark passage
Jolly cobblers bout ceaseless staccatos , a cut
ler grinds and hammers on the othei , and
away in there a stream of light shows exquisite -
quisito stairs loadlug to some enclosed court
where a homo of opulence Is omoeddod In
vines and roies. Everywhere are ponderous
basoand arch , huge column and tremendous
antnblaturo , often supporting buildings
whoso Insignificance- ludicrously startling.
In many of lua older public edifices the
architecture is Moorish , or semi-Moorish , and
the facades are often flanked by square
towers nnd diminutive Saraijenla domos. The
general plan of shot ) and abode In the ancient -
ciont portions of the city Is , the shop
below and the homo above ; or the
lower story Is used as n sort of on-
trada to wallcd-in homo structures in the
roar , or the habitation above. In the latter
case thcso ontradas nro temporary shops for
Itinerant cobblers , cutlers , saddlers and the
like , or lounging-places for beggars , donkeys
nud goats. liut however unsavory may scorn
tha ground floor of , or the stroat entrance to ,
any structure , the upper stories of the same ,
or the pretty homo nest * behind , afford
abundant compensation lu picturesque groupIngs -
Ings and scenes.
Flirting from tho. llnlcoiilot ) .
Balconies are as universal as In Havana ,
Vallndolid , Madrid or Seville. Some project
from supports of carved stone. Others rest
with airy Insecurity upon fancifully wrought
timbers , and null others may be seen In the
daintiest patterns Into which brass and Iron
may bo wrought. Many are latticed ; nnd in
this lattice work are odd llttlo slides and
gatos. Behind these the fair Portuguese
women eat tholr dainty saladv , of which they
are Inordinately fond , and sip their wines
and Ices. And from u partially opened lat
tice as you pass you will catch glances from
lovely ovoi , and us often smiles and coquet
tish looks from roguish faces. The Lisbon
nmldons must bo chary of their looks upon
friends or strangers in the streets ; but social
custom given them the somewhat compensa
tive and altogether blessed right to flirt Oes-
poratoly with vou from the lofty nnd stifo
outposts of their unlconlou alcobai.
As ono passes towards the outskirts of
Lisbon , nil of that suggestive of the homo Is
plcasantor still. There. Is a hint of anugncss
in tbo high surrounding , vino-covered walls
of yards and courts. Here the open court of
the Spaniard and the Moor becomes more
common and more beautiful. It shelters the
homo-gathnrlngs and belongings of the
average family. All Its members are moro
or less within. It , or within reach of volco
from it. Many lovely flowers and clamber
ing vines light up the place in winter as well
m in summer days. The murmurous fall ot
water U always heard , for no patio Is with
out Us lountaiii. And poor Indeed Is the
homo In old Lisbon that has not it * walled
garden with a wealth of llowen. plants , um
brageous trees and quaint , tiled , ground-
sunken trouuhn through which the water is
ceaselessly whimpering nnd whispering
for all the gardens are thus irrigated whllo
every court ana garden is melodious with the
SOIIBS of scores of those matchless brown
canaries which are weekly brought , him
drcd ? upon hundred * , from the summit Ulos
of the Azores. EDOAII L. WAKEJUN.
The Chicago papers announce Miss Julia
U ill cor oi Council Bluffs , now study ing musla
lu Chicago , us ono of the principals at a musi
cal o to bo given lu Kenwood uoxt Friday
evening ,
Lazard , Frerea & Co. of Paris Astonish the
Moneyed Mon of the World ,
WHY AMERICAN GOLD WAS WITHDRAWN.
rrniica Smiling the Yrtlonr afcliil lit T.nrgo
Amounts to tills Country .Startling
Disclosure * of Gleat
Interest.
PAWS , Dec. 22. [ Special Correspondence of
Tun Bii ! . ] Although at all times the outflow
of gold from the United States to Eurooo has
attracted much attention aver since the
amount began to assume Jargo proportions ,
there bos never been so much attention given
to this subject as during the present year. It
Is n well known fact that the total value of
the precious metal exported In this.way has
greatly exceeded $30OJOOOD , part of which
has como to Europe In the ordinary course of
business aud the remainder hits been at
tracted by n schoino so Ingenious that It has
been the subject of endless discussion in
nearly all countries and all languages.
The fact of the matter Is that a Jinn of the
highest standing , out llttlo known In Paris ,
London or Berlin as far us regular exchange
or arbitrage business Is concerned , has como
to the front with the scheme lu quostlon ,
which has Involved a sum of not less than
1S.,000,000 franca , or say $37,000,000 , the
greater .part of which has fallen upon Franco ,
the country which , -under ordinary circum
stances , would this year not have taken a
cent from America. In fact the .Paris ox-
chaugo in Now York has , during the period
in which the shipments of gold
have tauon place , risen from 520
francs to about 523 francs for sixty
days' sleht bills , n rate never allowing the
withdrawal of the precious metal a ? the so-
called gold point does not work out higher
than about 515. Tbls exchange , of course ,
moans sight bills , so t.hat about 2) ) francs
have to bo added for the interest. In other
words , the long exchange in New York or
Paris ought to have been quoted at least at
517 In order to allow Paris bankers to
take gold from America for the sake of sell
ing It to the Bunk of France. Generally
speaking , there is no ether buyer or gold in
this country than our first credU establish
ment , which pays the highest piico for
eagles , viz : 3093 franc * 30 centimes per kilo
gross weight , making the parity of flOO
equal to ! > 10 francs and 32 centimes for
sight bills. At the same time the bank takes
tbo loss of interest during the voyage upon
itself , so that only about a pr- thous
and forwarding charges bavo to betaken
taken into consideration. Tha gold point
through eagles works , therefore , as stated
above , at say 515.
So much for the technical side of the
operation , which , Indeed , ought to have been
built ou only the consideration of the rate ot
exchange. But , strange to say , the moro
francs rose in Now York , or , to uo moro cor
rect , the more the French currency became
depreciated in America the larger were the
orders sent from Paris to Now York for
gold , which apparently was taken from
thefo with a very heavy loss by this very
firm , Lazard , Frorcs & Co. , who worked the
business on Joint account with their Now
York nnd London houses.
Then began the inquiries , first from other
bankers who could not understand such a
losing Duslnoss , then from the press , whoso
bewilderment assumed in the course of time
quite astounding proportions , aud led to the
most extraordinary suppositions , and last
but not least from various governments , who
wont even so far as to recognize in the with
drawal of American gold , so to say , at any
price , the effort to amass a war treasury on
the part of the French govornmont. It is
needless to state that all thcso ideas wore
quito wrong and that Messrs. Lazard ,
Freres & Co. were neither noting for the
French treasury nor did they bear
the loss resulting from this losing business
themselves.
With all that , the very nature of thrschnmo
did not como to light , but In fact remained a
mystery to everybody in the now as well as
the old world. All the members of the firm
maintained an absolute silence , ami neither
their competitors nor the pi ess have received
any information whatever from them. The
directors of the Bank ot Franco refuse like
wise to answer any questions put to them ,
but this much becamu known later on that
this establishment hud engaged itself to re
turn to thti llrm the vary same gold In the
autumn at the purchasing price without any
premium whatever , in ether words , hazard ,
Fronn & Co. have the call , as the stockbold- ,
orb' term goes , for S.Q and so many million
dollars m eagles at 3,003 francs , 30 centimes
per kilo , making the sight exchange equal , as
stated before , to 510 francs and 32 centimes
lor $100.
This fact , coupled with some news which I
collected from certain corn merchants in
Now York and Paris to the effect that they
had Instructed Messrs , Lazard , Frores & Co.
to cover the French purchases of wheat for
delivery In the full , gave mo the cue at once
for the whole transaction. To mo it was clear
dlreolly that those very same corn merchants
had to bear the brunt of all the losses falling
apparently upon Messrs. Liuard , Froros &
Co. , and from this point of view there was no
longer any mystery about these transactions ,
which , Indeed , Imvo puzzled the whole world ,
aud which nobody oould understand. With
out u.tempting to give nil the details I think
the following will give a correct idea of the
principal object in vlow for all interested in
tbo nflnlr , that Is to say the covering of the
French exchange In Now York , or , what
practically comes to the same thing , of the
American exchange for delivery In Paris.
In point of fact as soon aa n bargain In
wheat was struck on French account Messrs.
Lnzurd , Froros & Co. drew on Paris or Lon
don , at no matter what ruto , and shipped the
proceeds of those drafts in gold to tholr
Paris house , which took thorn to the bank
.with the understanding that they would got
It returned In the autumn In the same shape
and in tbo same price. In this way a basis
for the establishment of the rate ot exchange
for the dollar to serve for the payment of the
American wheat had boon obtained lu the
safest and easiest way possible , and all that
Messrs. Lazard , Frores & Co. hud to do
afterwards was to add the forwarding
cuarsjs for the gold from Now York
to Paris and back agum from Paris
to New York to this very exchange
in ether words , twlco three per thousand
and a certain loss of Interest for the return
of the gold , together with a slight bonus
claimed oy tbo bank for having a corresponding
spending amount of long French bills deliv
ered to it by the llrm at tbo oftlclal bunk rato.
Altogether , therefore , about 7 per thousand
bad to bo added to this parity of 510 francs
nnd 33 centimes for ft 00. But hero the matter
evidently does not end , Messrs. Lazard ,
Froros & Co. will , as a matter of course , have
claimed a commission from tha corn mer
chants , which It docs not boboovo mo to fix ,
bosldcs the difference between the oxshange
nt which they have boon drawing each time on
Europe , and the above Jlxod rate had equally
to be berne by thorn , In this way 0 per
thousand bavo had to bo taken Into
consideration as sundry charges , together
with a certain difference botwnon tbo two
rates of exchange coming Into play , and on
the average the cover of the French wheat
purchases may therefore have coit the corn
merchants 623 for sight bills.
This , in my opinion , Is'tha explanation of
tbo withdrawal of American uofd for French
account at ft time when the Now York rate
on Paris bos boon by no means favorable to
Franco , nay. had regularly moved In the
other direction , In getting hold of the lover
to tot this wonderful machinery going ,
Messrs. Lazard , Frcrcs & Co. bare proved
quito equal to the situation. On tbo ether
bard tbu Bank of France , in lending Its aid
to lull operation , has actoa wisely , for the
ilnglo reason that part of the gold tent to
America in payment for the wheat bought
there on French account no * already been
fouml.at anjrraio. 'Itiq amount u question ,
it U true , is onlv about l.Tj.tvJO.'OOO francs , or
say (27,000,01)0 ) , but.lhls nlrcady COGS a long
WAV , as nt the same timo'French bills have
boon sold for delivery m America at conven
ient prices. '
As regards the United States tha cnso Is
very simple. All the iokl shipped to Franco
has in point of fact only beei lent , so to say ,
to the bank nnd will bo returned In duo
course , together with ether French gold bars
und coin. Of course our American friends
must prepare themselves for BOIIIO trouble
with respect to a certain premium which un
doubtedly will bo rsatabllshed In Franco
oven on "ordinary 20-frnnc pieces ns time
draws on. At present the money changon
buy them nta slight premium , whllo the
bank pursues an expectant policy. But this
much is certain that our tint credit estun-
Hshmcat will satisfy tall loglnmtn demands
nnd on this occasion America will bo particu
larly favored. Thoiol ? n general feeling in
our financial circles to the offcc * that the
outflow of gold from Franco to the United
States nlono will greatly oxcocd the total of
the sums which have been sent from there to
Europe , generally speaking , thia year.Vhllo
wo therefore may have to pass nn unpleasant
hour hero the outlook for America In this re
spect cannot but bo very hopeful.
OTTOMAU HAUPT.
TllK L.IDIKS ,
Straw embroidery on a silk ribbon is
novel , costly and perishable.
liaised stripes like cords appear on satin
reps and poau do solo grounds.
Among the novolttos in shades are "ripe
wheat , " a palo straw and ' 'laiton ' , " brass
color1
Black molro ribbon promised to bo taken
up by the fashionable modistes as a dress
trimming. '
f
A shot green nnd yellow pauzo Is beauti
fully combined with ft train of green velvet
lined with lace.
Heavy bead fringe is 'Often combined with
fur for trimming velvet or plush robes , also
for street garments.
\Vhito locks , puffs and four-in-honds in
whlto or bright colors ni'o worn for afternoon
affairs or semi-dross.
"Uefined sail" Is announced in social circles
to bo the best specific for whitening thoslUn.
Of course the blushes have to bo painted In.
Ho30ttes of nil sizes,1 lone bows nnd tiny
ribbons run through lace heading are some
of the fashionable trimmings appearing
abroad.
Some of the very new and olocant French
evening toilets are cut In extremely old-
fashioned style , with low bodices and long
sleavcs quito to the wrist.
A now boot with military heel , place kid
vamps and cloth tops , llnod throughout with
xalin , has boon christened the "Laugtry" and
Is much in favor for street wear.
The boat-shaped bat ID bjltick felt , trimmed
with a flat velvet bow and jot buckle in the
front and with three ostrich' tips at the back ,
is a popular style for young ( ladies.
Sleeves are less high at the shoulders , but
are made wider ; some bleoves have the full
ness drawn down lu pleats to the elbow ,
from thence to the wrist being very closb
fitting. {
'
Therlchnoss nnd elepranco'of the nowdross
material tends to make the plain styles still
preferable , as they show the material to
better advantage than a more elaborate style
would do. i
Great muffs of clnnamhrj boar are par
ticularly handsome , and there are largo
satchel purses to match. A rautf of blue fox ,
a dj 3d fur that is sneclalH pretty , looking
something llke'moufllon , , sells'at $ ' ' 0.
A now flpuro in the cotillon promised for
this seaso'n is to bo danced l > v means of hoops
covered wlth'tlssuo pip'or hrough which , at
a given signal , each Judy thrusts bar head
and claims as partner thofgeutloman nearest
nor. t T
A pretty coat fof little slrls of from 8 to 10
years of ago'Is called'tho "Qroonaway. " It
is made of yellow or old pink , or old green
velvet , nnd Is edged and trimmed with sable.
The capote is also of velvet and egod with
sablo.
Corduroy and velveteen , 11' ? sillty faced
kind known ns eamokeeper's velveteen ,
which stands any amount of hard wear and
rough usage , Is employed by tailor * for
skating costumes , shopping sultsfstorm coats
and roofers.
The now gronadlnes a'ro striped with moire
in self nnd contrasting colors. Some of the
black grenadines In plain sowing silk weave
are striped with a brilliant array of colors m
yellow , rod and blue , like the Roman ribbon
stripes so popular a score of years ago.
A now hiir ornament 1 ? shown in the form
of a diamond-set gold , ribbon that fastens
about the head like an ordinary ribbon and
ties in a bow just a llttlo , to the loft of the
cantor. Tbo trinket is in two parts and can
bo easily converted Into iv'n'ocklaca and bow
knot pin for the throat. *
Some beautiful dyoa 'have been added to
the winter color list , "which are an effectvo !
und charinlnc offset to the standard shades ,
notably a now tint In red gold , a rich russet ,
deeply tinged with orange ; Da Vinci , the exquisite -
quisito tint in violet ; some flno wino dyes ,
nnd also many mauve , pink and rose colors.
To a beautiful flguro liothlnir is moro becoming -
coming than a close , perfectly fitted bodice ,
with the drapery of tha' skirt applied to It
jiut a few Inches below the waist and
finished with patsemonterlo or other flat
trimming. Although not by any moans anew
now fashion , It is not out of date , nor yet
llKniy to become so.
it is s.tlll very muoh the fashion to button
the s'.oovo from the wrst ( to the elbow , and
to fasten the bodice under the arm. Belts ,
especially in the form of ( corselets or girdles ,
nro worn with tailor gowns which nro cut In
creasingly in the prlncosso shape , or pointed
coat-tail bodico. All have moderately hlch
collar and sleavcs , and the skirts universally
"dip. "
.Brotollos appear upon many of the now
toilets designed both for children , misses and
slender matrons. Somaaromadoof thodross
goods , others of bongallne , surah , oto. I3ro-
tolles of lace , velvet or silk nro soon that are
a moro point at the \vnUt-lIne , widening to
almost cover the shoulder * . Thence they
pass 10 the back of the neck In full-flowing
pleats like a Stuart frill.
Onaof tha fashionable events of the prosant
month at Paris Is the oRlcor * ' annual ball and
its principal attraction Is the battle of
flowers , for which the officers supply the
flowers to the ladles. Two years ago 2,000
bouquets formed the ammunition of this
battle ; lost year thonurabar rose to 5.000 ,
but this year no less th.au 20,000 bouquets
bavn been ordirod. ,
A ir.aff of Husslan imperial sable costs $300.
For $10 is shown a chinchilla muff of the
darker portions of the fur , ch'nrgo being made
for the waste. Uonulno chinchilla is com
paratively scaroo. A laiyg proportion of the
market uhlnnbilla Is squirrel. The finest
chinchilla U said to cnmq from the north of
Germany , though the coitbf the south Amor-
lean animal is pratty enough , certainly ,
A toilet for Now Year's day sent to the
\vtfo ot a senator nt Washington was of
mvwo and sliver brocade. out en prlncosso.
thalrt in superb folds at tha back and
close aid 3Uoiuh-liko-in front , but stashed to
the waist at intervals , add lined with sllvor-
whlto silk. The bodice .has a Marie An-
tolnetto collar of plain incuwo satin overlaid
with creamy pearl pa seraontorlo. This
decoration also trims tbo inauvo cuffs and
front of the bodico.
Wilton Lackaye bas returned from Eng
land , and ho remarked to n reporter ; "Now
that I am In a position to know tholr receipts
In London 1 can aimlo to myself when 1 hoar
some returned American stars toll about
tholr business and treatment over there. Tbo
truth Is that the KnglUh do not like America
or Americans , and that whenever nnd however -
over they can turn against us , they will. The
ono charm of London lifo Is that nobody care *
what you are doing , so you have freedom
from Inquisitive ponulo. In winter the pluco
Is dreadful. Nearly all the Americans bavo
gone homo , and the dost of tjioso who are
loft are tbo strikers and beggars who hang
around to 'touch' the stray man who turns
up in aflluenco. Then you must make your
choice between those and the natives. "
A Stradlvarlus vlulln , dated 1715 , has
lately bnon acquired at Munich by Sin-
sholmor for tha sum of some tl.OIO. The
instrument has boon restored by Fcravezy ,
tbo well known violin manufacturer ot Ber
lin.
TERRITORY OF ALASKA ,
A Vast Extant of Oonutry Unknown to
Average Headers ,
SEEN THROUGH A NEBRASKAN'S ' EYES
Miner W. Itrucn Olvcft n ( Ir.tphto 1'lc-
turo or Tlirmi I'ur Northern
I.mills lluliltft uf
the 1'coplo.
, Alaska , Doc. 1. [ SpaoUl corres
pondence of 1'iiR BEE. ] It was after my ar
rival at this Dlaco , having settled down to
wrlto tha rasult of my observations , that I
first realized the magnitude ot this territory ,
and the great distance I bavo covered during
the past few months.
As my lottori will , for the present , deal
with that soctbu far bsyond the limits trav
eled bv the ordinary Alaika tourist , 1 will
designate It by the term known among the
whlto residents of this oountry , namolr , "to
the westward. " They epsak of this territory
as "southeast" AloV.ca nnd "to the woU-
ward , " the name Alaska being as indefinite
with thorn as the general term United Statoi
would DO , If ono was attempting to doscrlba
the people , ollmato or resources of any par
ticular section.
The two oortlons of Alaska are divided at
the ono hundred and forty-first decree
of longitude , Mount St. Ellas Doing utilized
is n corner stake , the territory to the east
containing leas than one-sixth as many
square miles as that further to tbo west.
Whllo the cltmato of Southeast Alaska Is
very similar to that "to the westward , "
there is a great dlfforenca in the people and
their characteristics. Of this I will speak
in the future. The general appearance of
the country also widely differ * . The heavily
tlmbare-l mountains which follow the coast
line from its most southeasterly point , and
which continues almost in" ono unbroken
stretch as far west as the dividing line , hero
suddenly disappear , giving place to moun
tains which , with tow exceptions , are loss
abrupt and whoso surface is covered with a
thick growth oi grass.
That portion of the territory known as
Southeast Alaska extends back from tidewater -
water a dUtanco of thirty miles , whlla on
the ether side of the line it is nearly 700
miles from salt water to the northern boun
dary , and this territory is very nearly
squarn.
With all hat has been said about Alaska
slnco It passed into the possession of the
United States in 1807 , there are compara
tively few people who will think you are
serious when you tell them that the extant of
Alaska in square miles will equal that of the
eastern , middle and southern states , and
when , to further s > how the vastness of this
unknown land , you tell them that if they will
undertake to travel from the most easterly to
the most westerly point of the American pos
sessions , after they have reached San Fran
cisco they have not gotten half way by nearly
400 mile" , they will open their eyes and ox-
claim. "Is it possible ! " And when you
further add that horses , catllo , sheep and
swlno ara turned out to pick their own living
during the winter months ; that they seldom
encounter weather with the mercury lower
than zero , and that they show up in the
spring in as good condition as these upon the
great ranees of our western territories , they
are liable to accuse you of trying to Impose
upon them , nud sot you down as a Ut candi
date for a lunatic asylum.
Yet , I can vouch for the truthfulness of
the statement , and by way of adding a llttlo
spice to the story , will embellish it with bomo
forgotr-ino-nots 1 gathered in trent of a mis
sionary's house on tbo dth of last month , al
most under the very shadow of that mighty
monarch of tbo hills and clouds , Mount St.
Ellas , and to make it moro pulntuble , will
olTer them u stem of whlto and toudor celery
which I dug up u short time before , nearly
400 miles further west.
It Is not my purpose just now to discuss
the agricultural or horticultural possibilities
of this country. Perhaps by and by I may
have occasion to make some reference to this
subject , nnd if so , shall present a picture
tauen from , showing what a "hay harvest"
looks like in Alaska , and what the climate of
this country will do for certain kinds of
crops , which , like Topay In "Undo Tom's
" " " without the fostor-
Caoin , "just como up , -
mg care of a practical husbandman. It may
perhaps servo to convince these who still be-
llovo Sownrd's purchase good for nothing
but fur seals and blubber eating savages , to
the contrary.
The seat of government of this territory is
located In southeast Alaska. It is situated
over 3,200 miles east of the uxtreiuo western
limit of the territory , nnd until the first of
last July the only communication between
the capital and "to the westward" was by a
United States revenue cutter , which once or
twice u year made a cruise to some outlying
settlements , or from San FruncUco by some
vessel engaged in the whaling or fishing
business.
But now direct communication is had , a
mall route having boon established a tow
months ago which calls for monthly sorvlco
from April to Octooor between Sltka nnd
Unalnska , the latter place being the western
terminus , 1,500 miles from Sltka , A small
steam schooner was employed for carrying
the mail on this route the past season , and it
required about thirty days to make tbo round
trip.
trip.My journey to western Alaska was not no-
companied with such comforts as the average
truvolor prefers. I took passage on a small
schooner engaged In the cod fishing business.
It was over thirty years old , and although
considered perfectly sea worthy , had barely
accommodations for its crew of eight men ,
most of whom were Norwegians who spoke
very little English. .Its sailing capacity
would not exceed eight miles per hour under
the most favoiablo conditions.
In loss than twelve hours after the tug
which towed us ouulcto the Golden gate had
east us udrift , and almost ulthln sight of
San Francisco , wo commenced a struggle
with the elements which , with slight Inter
ruption , lasted for thirty days , and during
all tills time wo did not once sl lit land , aud
not u sail or the welcomingsmokofrom a dis
tant atoaa.or greeted our vision.
The lingering fragrance of codfish which
pervaded every corner of our llttlo ship was
lorovor present , and I was by no means ro-
llovod ot the loneliness of my surroundings
after I discovered , when but u few days ut
sea , that there was stowed away in the for
ward hold several tons of giant powder
piledloosely onu box upon another.
At times a heavy sea would strike the vessel -
sol , jarring her from stain to stern , and I
found myself wondering whether this powder
dor might not explode , as It has often done
by concussion. I found n grain of consola
tion , however , in the thought that If It should
wo would never know what struck us , and
probably not a grease spot would bo ; oft to
toll tho'talo.
The monotony of our long trip was re
lieved by occasional incidents , some of which
were ludicrous und others exciting , Almost
immediately after passing through the
Golden Gats , a dozen or moro sea fowls
known among the sailors ns gurneys , were
observed following in the wako of the vossol.
They were about the siza of a ROOZO and of a
dark gray color , I notlcnd whenever any
food was thrown overboard they immediately
How towards It , and sometimes settled wlth-
lu a few foot of tbo vessel , eagerly devouring
What had been thrown away. I prepared a
hook and line , baltinc It with a piece
ot salt pork , and throw it Into
the water. Immediately a rush was made
for the bait , and lu loss time than it takes to
tell it , I bad hauled a sptondldspeclmon upon
the dock. The point of the book bad caught
in its bill , und at long as the Una was holt
taut , the gurney was a prisoner , but when
slackened , It immediately foil off. Tbo only
damage done the fowlwas the surprise it ex
perienced at being dragged out ot tha water.
When once landed upon the deck , it could
not gather iiuQlclont air to lurnlih
power for Its hugo wlngi. which measured
over llvo foot from tip to tip. They would
nip viciously with their bills , but If care wns
uxod in picking them up , they could bo
handled with llttlo olTort. I procured n plcco
of canvas six Inches square , upon which I
printed with Indollblo Ink. "Schooner
Am go , Latitude 41 ° , Lonpltirlo Ml O.Mtlu
Bin : , " nnd after cutting a silt In It , slipped it
over the head of ono nnd throw It ovorboard.
It Immediately How towards the cast , nnd
finally dUappoarod. Nothing was scon of It
again until tno thirteenth day after , when It
was observed among some others , mid It was
still wearing the canvas aoout Its nock. It
followed us nil that day , but could not bo in
duced to touch the bait I throw out to It ,
Ono morning before breakfast I caught
eight of thcso gurneys In less than hair an
hour. They were not , thought to bo good
anting but their plumage WAS soft and
downy , : ind would tmiko n handsome speci
men If stuffed nnd mounted.
On the twentieth dav , wo saw our first
fur seal. It was lying on Its back fust
asleep with its tail extending toward Us
bead , und It scorned to bo clasnlng Its tail
with Its flippers. Wo could ouMly have shot
It , but there wns n heavy swell on ut the
time , uud It would Imvo been olfllouU to have
launched n boat with which to have picked it
up.
up.A few nights after this I wn.s nxvakcncd by
hearing loud calls for help. I immediately
rushed on deck and got to the bow of the
ship j'st : in time to BOO the flr.At mate throw
onto the dock a good sized fur seal. Ho linn-
pouod to bo looking over tbo side of the ship
and the night noing dark saw some object
Mvlmmlnif along , leaving in 'its
wako , bright phosphorescent streaks as It
flitted about. The mate Immediately throw
the and of a boat IIOOK Into the water , und
tbo object swim toward It. Ho swung him
self on to the chains extending from the bow
to the jlbhoom , nnd after two or three at
tempts to thrust the hook Into It , llna'ly ' suc
ceeded. As soon as the seal was thrown
upon the deck , ho started for the suitor who
had gene to the mate's ' assistance , with his
month open , and would Imvo bltton him had
ho not struck it over the head with an oar.
Ono would hardly think a suat could make
much headway out of water , but It makes
snub good use of nls tail nnd flippers , that It
becomes ono to move lively when a wounded
seal .Hurts for him. It was n splendid speci
men of the fur SC.U , about half grown , its
silvery tipped fur , soft and glossy , made mo
wish for a small interest in the fur seal
Islands about which there has boon so much
talk of late , from the product of which , many
men have been made rich , und many another
covetous. MixnuY. . BHUCK.
A PROTEST.
The People oCAVIIcoi Want llottmItiill. .
way 1'ncllltlen.
WII.GOX , Nob. , Deo. 30. To the Editor of
Tun BEE : Wilcox people have at last
reached the limit of their pationco. Wo
have not had a decent train sorvlco on cither
the B. & M. or Union Pacific railroads forever
over eighteen months. Wo did not kick last
year as wo are disposed to bo fair , and wo
realize that the railroad interests as well as
everything else suffered by the failure of
crops. Now it is different , and our citizens
are thoroughly aroused bv the shameful
treatment wo have received at the hands of
both of our railroads. Wo practically have
no mall service. Trains on the B. & M.
leave Iloldrego In the morning just before
all trains of importance on the main line
arrive and they arrive in Holdrogo in the
evening just 'uftnr , and sometimes many
hours after , all trains of importance on the
main line have departed. The Union Pacific
makes no connections , east or west , with
anything , not even with freight trains.
The Union PacillO'deportninitrU'Bomo time
ace nnd no move has beep make as yet to re
place it. The old freight car , which now
does duty us a depot , in a half a mlloup town ,
although land Is so cheap in this country.
After it was burned down a petition wai
presented asking the railroad to locate the
depot In town , but although signed by four-
fifths of the patrons of the road and'tho ' land
upon which to construct the depot was of
fered , it was of no avail , and the officials say
it will bo built where it was before.
The B. & M. has not had ono train in
twenty on time during the past year. The
train from the east Is duo hero between 8 a.
m. nnd 0 a. m. aud it arrives hero regularly
between 9 p. m. nud 0 n. in. People coming
from the cast pot along nil right until they
get to Hastings , or Iloldroge , or Blue Hill or
some place within fifty miles of here but
when they want to got to Wilcox then the
trouble begins. Conductors never toll the
passengers how to got hers , simply because
there is no way they can do so. Wo can see
trains north of us every few minutes on the
line from Koncsaw to Oxford , and wo can
bear the whistle on the road south of us. but
wo got nothing.
Ono of our business mon had to go to
Alma , the terminus of the Union Pacific ,
twenty-live miles from here , throe times this
week. Once ho wont to Mlndon and
"doubled the born" via Oxford ; once ho
drove to Axtoll and doubled again , and once
ho want on a bicycle. Ho wanted to go un-
ether night and got loft. Train reported four
hours late , but by some scratch It eat in
ouly two hours lato. Tbo State banlc or
dered currency from Omaha a few days ago
and got it In llvo days , whan It ought to
bavo received it in forty-eight hours. _
\Vo have about twenty copies of Tun
DAILY HUB taken In town. Subicribers uro
afraid they will have to stop thorn , as by the
time they roach them they huvo "whiskers
on thorn. "
Wo nro going to make a strong effort to
have a star route established from Axtoll to
this place so thut wo can got our mall and
express before it gets mouldy. A repre
sentative buslnobs man has started for
Washington and will go loaded with
petitions to the United btatos Mail depart
ment for railway mall service or a star route
from Axtoll.Vo moan business and propose
to have something or know the { reason why.
Our business men are enterprising and wide
awake , but wo have not had half a show. We
had to pay outrageous prices for lots in the
first plucu to the B. & M. officials , and wo
aupposod wo would bavo at least decent
treatment , but in this wo are disappointed ,
nnd we don't propose to put up with it any
longer. Wo propoio to have mall and express -
press facilities , and if the Postofllca depart
ment , railway commission , or souio ono oho ,
does not take .his in hand wo will try the
courts.
At u mass meeting of the citizens of our
town recently this letter was road and unan
imously approved , and It was resolved to ask
Tin ; BUG to publish It as the honest state
ment of the facts.
Henry Wilcox , O. D. Coutant , postmaster ;
G. II. Botz , druggist ; L. E. S. Mitchell ,
UeorgoShelter , lumberman ; D. A. Bradford ,
Merchant ; C. U. Nelson , merchant ; J. E.
Glasgow , farmer ; II. W. Overtake , jeweler ;
B. I. II. Mitchell , llvory and harness ; H.
Snoll , dealer in hardware ; ' C , II. Hoadbury ,
clerk ; D. C. Shalor , lumber dealer ; J. W.
Moore , J. S. Nell , carpenter ; 0. II. Mowroy ,
farmer ; O. M. Funk , butcher ; II , W. Sam-
uols , C. E. Davenport , J. F. Coutant , carpen
ter nnd contractor ; M , W. Collins , shoe
maker : It. E. Wright , pulntor ; J. Edgar
Block , teller Bank of Wilcox ; William T.
Boyd , physician ; II. S. Glaze , mnrblo dealer ;
T. M. Shelton. O. W. Gisbwlllor , farmer , and
Uuylord Wright , hardware dealer.
Ilcxitv WILCOX.
John Madison Morton , author of many
farces , died a few days ago In London.
Theatergoers who are not familiar with Mr.
Morton's name will racognlzo the title of
many of his pieces , Among bis plocos are
"Box and Cox , " "A Hogular Fix , " "Wood-
cook's Ltttlo aamo. " "tol On Parlo Fran-
cals1 "Lend Me Five Shillings , " und many
others. His plays , generally written In ono
not , ara favorites with umutoiirs and are fre
quently rovlvod by professionals when
a curtain litter Is required. Ho
began to wrlto for the stage nearly
sixty years ago and ns recently oa
1635 a farce culled "Going It" was produced
at London , In 1881 , upon the recommenda
tion of tbo queen , Mr. Morton was appointed
a "poor brotbor ot the Charterhouse. "
Hero , in n quiet spot in the heart of London ,
tha veteran playwright passed tbo Ian
dccado of his lifo. Mr. Morton was born in
1811. His death was caused by old ago. A
week previous to bU death , conscious of his
approaching end , he sent a message of faro *
well to the London playgoer * .
RUNNING DOWN THE RUSTLERS
Vigorous Treatment of a Dakota Gang lif-
teen Years Ago.
SEVERAL OF THEM "SCARED TO DEATH. "
The Ciilhortsmi Family Sought Troubl *
nml PiMimt It The Country 1'urgoil
or Tliliivcn by Horolo
KmuoUlns.
y , S. D. , Deo. 31. [ Special to
TUB BBK. ] The vigorous methods being pur
sued by the cattleman in Wyoming and wo torn -
orn South Dakota for the suppression of the
numerous bands of cattle and horse thloves
recalls Instances ot almost similar character
that occurred durlnir early days In eastern
Dakota territory nnd northern Nobraskn. At
the tune referred to , about fifteen years ago ,
Dakota and some portions of northern Nebraska -
braska were but thinly settled , but the man
composing the mcagor population were fully
equal to the emergency , and , when once a be
ginning had been made , soon broke up and
routed the different bands that were engaged
In running off cattle und l-orso.4 belonging to
farmers. One of the worst bands In exist
ence at that time was known ns the ' 'Cul-
bertsop gang. "
In 1ST ! August , Culbertion and family re
moved from Clay county to the vicinity of
Springfield , Bon Hommo county. Dak. In
the family were four Iboys , Andrew , Han
son , Nelson and August , jr. , and a daughter
namnd Sarah , all small children , varying la
ago from " to 1 ! ) years. The carcorof the boya
was nu eventful ono , and well worth
recording. Even nt an early nge
they developed traits that led then
to commit many potty depredations In the
vicinity of their homo. AH early ns 1877
farmers in that section began missing cattl *
nnd horses , nnd nu Investigation fastened the
crimes upon tbo Culboruon boys. Ou sev.
oral occasions the oldest boy , Andruw , was'
arrested nnd lodged in jail , but all this failed
to reclaim himself nnd brothers from the
evil path they had choion. Finally the people
ple became weary of the falluro of the effort *
to reform the boys , nnd the farmers put
guards over the cuttlo uua horses , as well a >
over the boys. Findluir that things were be
coming too warm for them , the boys and a
uumbnr of their followers went to northern
Nebraska. Establishing hcad'qunrters in a
convenient spot , the boys and their friend *
continued their operations. Their mode of
working was to come into tno counties of
Yankton. Bon Homrao and Charles Mix , OD
the Dakota side of the river , steal cattle anil
horses from the scattering farmers through
this territory and run them oft to Nebraska
where they would bo disposed of. They also
operated In the Nlobrara valley in Nebraska ,
nud in addition were charged with stealing
ponies from the Indians on tko Sioux reser
vation. The- notorious Doc Mlddloton aud
gang hud previously operated In the Niobrara
valley , utm the farmers there wore very bitter -
tor against the "runtlors" who had well nigh
rumud thorn. Accordingly , when the
presence of the new gang of
thieves had become known , the
fanners in order to protect tuom elves were
compelled to organize n vigilance committee.
They soon got altar the Culbortson boys ,
succeeded in capturing two of thorn , Andrew
and Hanson. While preparations wcra
being made to hang Andrew , who was the
greatest cowaid in the gang , ho bogged for
hi3 lifo und promised to tell tno names of all
persons belonging to the band and point out ,
as far as possible , stolen stock then in pos
session of the thiovcs , provided the committee -
too would spare his lifo. The vigilante ,
finallv concluded that If ha would glvo thorn
the information promised they would turn
him over to the proper authorities , where ho
could bo dealt with according to law. Ha
cave the niunos of Woathcrwax. Hoyt , old
man \ \ ado , his brothurs , "Kid" Wndo and
others , who had been inspected of horse
stealing for many years and wgro then In
that section of the country. It was also re
ported that ho pointed out some sixty head
of horses and ponloi that the gang had ao-
crotoii In various gulcbos in that vicinity ,
nreparatorv to running thorn off and lolling
them. And row was than turnnd over to the
state olllccrs bv the vlgllauts , together wlttt * "
the information he had divulged. Ho wa
afterwards kentcnced to eight yea ut hard
labor in the NobraMca penitentiary. Hanson.
Culbortson , the ether brother captured by
the vlulliitico commltteo , was found a few
days afterward hanging to u trco with
bis body riddled with bullets , aud
his legs oaten oft by coyotes or some other
wild animals. The vljrllanco committee took
possession of the horses and ponies recov
ered from the thieves , and the animals were
returned to tholr owners as fast as possible.
The commiitco then hunted down the bal-
nnco of the band , capturing VVeatherwaz ,
Hoytniid old man \Vado. The tbroo des
peradoes were promptly executed , Weather
wax and old man \Vudo being shot to death
and Hoyt being. hun . Hoyt'a father ro-
idod In the vnlloy , and tbo vigilants know
ing him to have frequently harbored the
thieves , rodti to bis house , sot tire to It and
told the old man to le vo the country forth
with or suffer the cousea.uoncos. "Kid"
Wade , ono of the worst und must daring of
the thlovos , was captured In Iowa a year or
two afterwards. Ho was brought bade and
turned over to the sheriff of Holt county ,
Nebraska , who tool ; htm to a hotel In a small
town on the Elkhorn road to remain over
night prior to placing him in jail the next
day. During the night a small crowd as
sembled at the hotol. took Wade from the
sheriff , aud proceeding to a whistling post
near the town , throw a rope over the croa *
plcco of tbo post , placnd it around tbo neclc
of the doomed man und pulled him up. His
body was found hanging to the post the next
morning.
The vigorous crusade of the vigilance com *
mittco thoroughly olaaned the thloves from i
tha valley , the escaped desperadoes
going to different portions of tbo wast.
This committee WAS probably on *
of the best over organized in tbo
west. It was not known who was the loader
or who any ot the mon were who composed
it , but they did tholr'work m n manner that
won tbo pralso ot all frontier pconlo. They
commenced their dutlos in n systematic
fashion , und the first taste of blood did not
pxcito them to deeds of brutality on innocoat
parsons , but they pursued their work of
purging the country of thlovos In a quiet but
determined manner that loll no doubt but
that they were In dead earnest and would
brook no Interference. After ridding tbo
vuloy of the "rustlen" the commlttcoawai
disbanded , and the mombora quietly returned
to their homes and resumed ; the Irregular
occupations ,
Andrew Culbortson , after serving hU Urtn
in the Nebraska penitentiary , wandered west
to the Black Hills country , nnd the next
hoard of him und hli brother August , who
had in the meantime joined him , was last
winter during the closing days of tbo Indian
trouble t Pine Hidgo aifciiuy. It will still
roadllv bo romamborod that an Indian named
Few Tolls , who with two or three member
of his family . ? ere returning from a hunting
trip in that section , were fired upon by whlto
men In Mcado county last January , the old
Indian bolni ? one of these who were killed by
tha bullets of tno murderers. The Culbort
son boys were sMd to bo Implicated In tha
killing , nnd they were arrested for the arlme.
But although they practically admitted the
killing they were acquitted ou the eround
thui war oxutcd at that time with the Sioux
nation , and that the killing was an not of
war ,
Following the report that two mombero of
the Casino company , which recently played
"Unolo Colestln" in Omaha , have been dis
charged partly ou account of anonymous
letters received regarding them , com us the
statement thut the company playing "Miss
Holyott" In New York 1 n n torment bo
cocao of similar opUtlos received by , two
members of the organization.