THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : AY. SEPTEMBER 28 , 1891
ABOUT NAVAL ARCHITECTURE ,
ievelopment Tbrough Progressive Changes
of FaolHtioi of Water Transportation *
FROM THE DUG OUT TO THE STEAMBOAT ,
Typlcn.1 . Vot'cM of Ynrlotn Countries
Times mill People Cotitristcd
with Those uf.Moilcrn
Construction.
The peril Incident to the navtcatton of
Takes and streams of any considerable mag
nitude a tow centuries ago wore sufllciont to
tC3t the nouraijoof the boldest nnJ bravest ,
put the real and Imaginary dantjors that con
fronted the mariner who ventured lu hh frail
bareuo upon the unknown open sea wore ap-
aalllng. To cross and recroM the Atlantic is
now a pastime n Journey as sifo and swift
as one covering the same distance on land.
But in the tlino of Columbus it was
altogether a different affair , and wo
can never sufficiently nilmiro the moral
fortitude and grantluro of purpose
Which inspired and sustained that heroic
naragalor { contemptuously regarded as a
"crank" by the wise men and derided as a
fool bv the igrorant of hli day and genera
tion ; who , after overcoming the Intriguoi of
0 hostile court , by the aid of Queen Isabella
eot sail at last , and in spiw ot adverse winds
Tliocur iv ol Hniitii Murln , fmtn a wood en-
I ravlnz iif MOU , ou u dedlKU by Columbus ,
insolf
Innd
nnd n mutinous crew completed his first
transatlantic voyngo with results so start-
lint ; and stupendous.
The International exposition of 1S93 , to beheld
held In Chicago , ( named Columbian In his
honor ) will bo n worthy tribute to
his genius nnd life work. One of
the happiest features nraong single ex-
habits , wilt bo the exact reproduction In
izo , form nnd equlptment down to the min
utest detail of the famous vessel ( above Il
lustrated ) , from whoso dock Columbus
cnufiht the lirst Ellmpso of the shores of tne
now world. This precious souvcnior after
being welcomed on Its arrival from Genoa
with duo honors in Now Yorn harbor , and
making the passage of the lakes to Chicago ,
will bo assigned to the department of trans-
Islands Do.it.
portation exhibits during the World's Col
umbian exposition. The classification of
this department includes vcsaoU of every
typo nnd description , ancient and modern.
The plans of this exhibition nro not to bo
limited to merely n competitive display of
the finest specimens and models of ships ,
steamers , yachts , boats , etc. , of the latest
Improved con truction , but is intended to
show In : i leallstic way the methods of water
conveyance peculiar to all countries from the
most enlightened to the * cmi-civllizea and
barbarous A scries of object lessons in
chronological order will punctuate each pro-
grosslvo step in naval architcciuro from tVio
crude attempts of primatlvo boat builders to
the stately steamships and ironclads of to
day. Such an arrangement of naval special
ties nnd ctiilosltios will not onlj gratify the
sight-seer , but possess a historical nnd
educational stiggestivoness that will invest
thorn wit'i f.ir moio thnn ordlnarv Interest.
A similar judicious plan will DO adopted in
the groin Ing of articles belonging to the
Indian Dugout.
other two distinctive classillcatlons of this
department , comprising railways , their oper
ations and equipment , and vehicles on coin-
uion roads.
The continent of North America from the
aato of Us llrst settlement by white men will
nlouo furnish matorlnl for an ample uud var
ied collection of naval curios. The aborigines
did not lack the facilities to nscond rivers or
paddle over lakes on their hunting nnd fl > h-
Ing excursions. The dupout , laboriously
hewn with shells or burned out of a solid
log , the birch bark canoe , unit the coracle ,
the latter consisting of wti-Uer frame work
covered with skins , were their chief
A lilroh-hark onnoo ,
moans ui uutor tiunsportation , and
t llrst ( for lack of anything bettor ) the
whites were not low to adopt Indian meth
ods , Some of their canoes wore by no means
nslfiiltlcant affairs. The Iroquols made
thorn from twelve to forty leet long ,
tvlth a capacity for carrying twelve to forty
men. The Clnppewas used the rind of ono
blroh trco , shaping It to a graceful model
ind sowing It with tamarack roots. When
Columbus lauded at tbo West Indies
on tili fourth voyage ho was vis
ited by an Indian trailer In n
Ancient Shallop.
eanoo eight feet wide formed out of a slnglo
trcannd and propelled by twenty-flvo rowon ,
Tliecanooj of many woatorn tribes were
frames of wlor or lloxiblo polo covered vrltn
buffalo. klns sowed together with tbo slnuus
of the deer
On the Atlantic coast , canoes wcra used
extensively by the ilnt European settlers
for collecting oysters and clams. In tlmo
the shallop came into use , then the sloop anil
pinks. Hut the largest vessel of the Six
teenth and Seventeenth centuries were com
paratively of small dimensions , very few
being over one hundred tons burthen. The
waters of Maine were explored In ono bark
of ( Ifty nnd another of twenty-six tons.
John Smith penetrated the rivers and
bays of territory now known as
Virginia and Maryland in n long
boat of twenty tons and two
vessels of forty to 100 tons. A record of
craft In Massachusetts from 1C7I to 1714
designates them us "sloops , pinks , ketches ,
brigantlnes , barnes and ships , " of which
sloops were the most numerous. IJut prior
to the revolution , ship building in the colonies
nies bad attained a considerable magnitude ,
their vessels of all classes In lb < ! 9 aggregat
ing over JO.OOO tons.
Tl o canoe ultimately cave place to the
battoau or broad bottom skiff on the interior
waters of the United States. Tbeso boats
were pointed at the bow. broad aft as amid-
Haft and Ark. Ohio and Missouri Klvcr Criift.
ships and Hat on the floor with upright sldoj.
These are still in service on the .vroostock
( Mo. ) river.
Then followed the array of flat boats nnd
"broad horns" ( .no latter for coal ) , rafts ,
arks , otc. , exclusively adapted to descending
river navigation the gre.it bulk of the car
rying business from head waters to New Or
leans being effecfd In this way. For ascend
ing streams kcul boats were provided. Arks
and rafts played a conspicuous abd Impor
tant part in the - transportation of
heavy material , llvo stock , etc. , the
farmers of central and western
Now York , before the construction of the
Eric canal , sending their produce to markets
in Arkansas down the Dole ware and Susijue-
hunna rivers. Keel boats covered in with
Canal Doat nnd Motive Power.
cabins for passengers were called "barges. "
Some of thcso weto seventy to 100 feet long
and sixty to 100 tons capacity. Team boats
for crossing ferries of cicht horse power were
In use from 1S14 to IS'-'t.
Early canal projects made slow headway.
The completion of the Erie canal , however ,
in lb 5 , and Its success both financially and
as n great artery of commerce stimulated the
construction of similar enterprises else
where , especially In Pennsylvania and Now
Jersov. But the llrst successful apolicution
of steam as a motor by Kobert Fulton in
Ib07 ( who made an Initial trip m the
OJncuiaut up tbo Hudson a distance of
110 miles In twenty-four hours ) , practically
revolutionized existing methods of transpor
tation and travel. The first steamboat on
western waters , the Enterprise , made its
trial trip from Pittsburg to Now Orleans ,
and was subsequently ( in 1S14) ) wrecked
near Natchez. We confidently evpect to see
models of some of the original stern wheelers
of which those vessels were the typo , at the
coming exposition.
The record of steamboat construction from
1S30 tolSll showea an increase that more
than doubled all previous efforts ,
the tonnage of steamers In 1SH3
bolne about equally divided betwoou
high pressure and low pressure engines. The
former worn almost exclusively used in the
Mississippi valley , xvhlla on the Atlantic
coast tne latter has boon generally adhered
Itobort I'ultou'a Klrat Successful Steamboat.
to. Tno speed , size and strength of the
Hudson river and Long island steamers had
boon materially Increased. The Albany
( ISW ) was -J7'J feet long , twenty-six and one"-
half feat beam and registered fcS tons. The
Mnsiachusott ( traversing Long Island
Sound ) , was iiO'2 feet long , twenty-nine feet
bonni and of C7U tons.
Meanwhile the vessels plying between
Atlantic and foreign ports had also greatly
increased in numbers and ertlciency. An
*
American merchantman of litt : : tons In 1S-I1
was said to bo thu largest in the world. In
] s. " > 0 vessels of 'J.OOU tons wore not unrom
inon. The Hepublic (1 ( 53) ) had n tonnage of
4.VT , ) . From IbtO to li > 00 the finest sailing
vessels wore built for ocean service , making
remarkable swift voyage * between English
and Atlantic seaports nnd China , Australia
and Pacific coast points. It was n period es
pecially active and eventful in mutton
bearing on all classes of navigation Interests ,
most important chances being duo to the suc
cessful application ot the screw bv Kricaon.
In IS-IO Iho Cunard line was established. In
INIl a-s many as fifteen
- companies ( sixty-
throe steamers , 111-liX ) tons ) were running
lines between Now York and London and
Lwxrpool. In thu United States there was a
corresponding increase In size and splendor
of river nnd lake htoumboat.s , the Hudson
river boats attaining an acknowledged su
periority over all other vessels of their class
m the world.
In connection with models , photographs
and sketches illustrating the many changas
lu construction , equipment and prouulslvo
devices which have marked tUo important
transitive periods above brletly referred to ,
tbo reproduction of designs and improve
ments adapted to the production of life and
property on the seas , buoys , alenals , light
houses , docks , wrecking apparatus and ap
pliances , will bo hardly less interesting.
In tne modern yuchi , ship building has at
tained Its Highest perfection as a Una art , and
maintains a leaillnc place la naval archi
tecture. To other vessels It Is what the
thoroughbred la to the ordinary roadster.
Human conlui and constructive skill were
stimulated to their utmost by compotltlvo
tests In which the victor Is crowned with
honors and substantial rewards. When , in
li.11 , the America captured tbo International
cup from the royal yacht squadron of
Lngland , It was thought that f jll sailing had
reached lt limit. Hut IhU belief was
signally dispelled bv subsequent races ,
notably that between the Uenosta and
Puritan for the same prize. Thou the con
viction became general that vessel ! of the
LJurgoss model could outfoot any craft of Its
class that could bo designed. i
Hut to the utter amazement of yachtmcn '
and shipbuilder * , ono Horro holf steps to the I
front with the Giortana , n strikingly unique
nnd bold departure front all precedents In I
w\\\\\u\\\v\\\\ \ \
\ \ \\VN\\I\\\\\\\\\\VWNW \
lines , build and rlgglnc at present conceded
to be the fastest yacht nlloat. The Interna
tional regattas held in this and foreign waters
have been fruitful in food results. Aside
from the gratiilcatlon afforded by a contest
honorably conductoJ , every sucgcstlon of
improvement In strength , snscd and beauty
which such races determine , nro eagerly
caught up nnd incorporated In naval con
struction on a large scalo.
The Monitor nnd Murrlmac duel demon
strated for the lirst time In u national combat
tbo superior efllcionsy of heavy guns and
The Victory , Nelson's Flag Ship.
armor plates in naval warfare. Thenceforth
the "wooden hulls , " which for centuries had
been the pride and glory of England , were so
much useless timber. Such illustrious vessels
as the Victor - , the Constitution , the Hart-
lord and others still exist as faithful re
minders of patriotic duty nobly performed.
Their splendid records have glorified history
nnd their reproduction in model will prove a
profoundlv interesting feature.
The "huge loviathaiu,1' representing the
battle ships of modern times , with their
stupendous armaments , among wnich the
Slnooo ( Hus ia. . > , KconigVilhelm ( German ) ,
Admiral Bandin ( French ) , the Chicago
( United Statt. \ are worthy oxamploa , tor
pedo and . .lortar boats , floating bat
teries for coast or harbor defenses , etc. ,
in model will constitute a fitting
Is uo throtish Drfxol & Alorann , of JS.COO.OOO
of the unplaced oalanco df the Union Pacltlo
collateral loan , combined to restore
contldonc. The latest business hero was
chlelly huyinir and would bavo boon preater
In volume , but for the diy belnc Saturday ,
and the fact , that tomorrow opens settlomcnt.
The day's advances , Injact , ranged from
one-haff of ono per cent WiS' per cent. The
week's variations In prices of American
ralhv.iy securities , Include the following :
Increases Northern Pacific preferred ,
2"-j " per cent ; LaKe Shore , 1 per cent : Isor-
fold t Western preferred and Union Pacitlc
snares , throe-qunrtors of 1 nor cent each ;
Denver & Klo Grande common , Ohio .t
Mississippi ordinary and Central Pacific ,
one half "of 1 per cent each : St. Paul common ,
1 percent : Erie seconds , three-quarters of 1
percent. Decreases : Wubnshdebentures , I3 , '
per cent ; New York , Ontario & Western ,
one-half of 1 per cent ; Now York , Pennsyl
vania it Ohio llrst mort ? aBO. 1 per cent :
Atchison , Louisville it Nashvlllo nnd
Wabasn preferred , one-half of 1 per cent
each ; Cimadlan Pacific was neglected ,
Grand Trunk of Canada , third oroforcnces ,
gained a per ceut of the weok. Tno securi
ties on the Mexican railway were In better
demand.
Foreigners wore steady but there was llttlo
inclination to deal pending the arrangement
for the Russian loan. Paris financiers an-
parently do not like to float the issue un
aided , and evidently bcgln.to find the hope of
German assistance dubious. Argentine de
clined 3 per cent on the \veoic , Brazilians onc-
nalf of 1 percent , and Portugueseflve-olgdths
of 1 ner cent. Atnone the miscellaneous
securities Anglo-American Telegraph shares
fell one-half of 1 per cent , Eastmans threo-
elchths of 1 per cent and Elrnoro Copperone-
foiirth of I per cent.
HVAS.Sept. . 27. SUOAII During ho
\gvrL
The btcel Cruiser Chlcaso.
climax and close to a scries of ob
ject lessons incomparably superior to any
similar collection heretofore m.ido in exposi
tions of an international or oven strictly mar
itime character.
Persons or ship building firms throughout
the world who nro interested in a line of
marine exhibits. Including vessels of every
description , ancient or modern , and have any
thing relating thereto of special interest to
communicate , should write to the department
of transportation exhibits ot tno World's
Columbian expojition. Information of this
kind will bo heartily welcomed , as every
effort is to bo made to xnakn the exhloltion
both interesting and instructive.
J'OltKltlbFi.V.I.VC'.l / KKI'tKir.
Discount Was Unusually Quiet Dnr-
ins lie 1'nst Week.
Loxnox , Sept. 27. Discount was quiet
during tbo past week at 2 ' per cent for three
months , and lf per cent for short. Money
is still plentiful , but discount , houses hold
out for full rates In view of a fall in Ameri
can exchange , and further wlthurawl of gold
for Now York. A tightonlng of rates Is
curtain , though the process will bo gradual ,
the Dank of England having an unusually
lareo reserve.
A part of the government dividends about
falling due , will also help to ease the market.
The period of ease depends upon the rapidity
of the drain of bullion. Bankers are prepared
pared tn see within a fortnight accelerated
shipments to America. With an Increased
demand from Germany and South
America , a rise of the Dank of
England rate can be reckoned upon ,
to 4 per cent before the end of
October , and to 5 per cent some time lu No
vember. Discounters are averse to dealing
in long bills. The Stock exchange experi
enced a decided reaction under the Influence
of the Gould operations. Early In the week
the boom preceded merely with no Indica
tion of a cheek to Its prosperity until Thurs
day's news that the Missouri Pacific divi
dend would bo deferred shook the market.
The reaction was duo more to a dread of con
tingent dovclopmculs than to English inter
est In the stocks.
Dealers on Iho Stock exchange , for u time ,
braced themselves , prepared to face a succes
sion of bad news from all over , while weak
operation ! actively realized , thus us > Utlng
the general set-back Hut the contldcnco of
the public and Investors , appeared unshakun ,
and although current buyltiir abated , holders
generally sbowo.i no disposition to unload.
The depression coayed yostenlay on tfio I
resumption of New York buying , and the
week holders made concessions and heavy
sales were effected. The market closed with
n moderately active demand , especially for
lower erodes , nnd rather weak. Molasses
sugar , regular to coed polarization , ? 2.isn ,
gold per quintal ; Muscovaso. fair to good re
finery , S5 to S7 degrees , 22w22Uc ; centrlfu-
cal , 01 to 00 degrees polarization , in hogs
heads , bags nnd boxes , $ -.Sl1j ! < i l.Of > 14.
Stocks in warehouses at Havana and MiUan-
zas , 2S boxes , 777,000 bags and 1,300 hogs
heads ; receipts from the 7th to the W , 2SI
bags ; exports , 1 box , 31.000 bass , of which
152,000 bags to the United States.
B \co\-Sli.75 sold per cwt.
Bi'TTKii Superior American , 52.01 gold per
quintal.
Fun it American , Jl.'t.OO gold per barrel.
JKUKI-.D IIKBF &i.r > 0 gold per quintn * .
IIM < < American sugar cured , $12.00 gold
per quintal for northern , $13.00 for southern.
Li inn In kegs , { 10.00 feold per quintal ;
In tins , f 12.00.
POTATOES American , $3.37 > gold per bar
rel.
LVMIIKU Nominal.
SIIOOKS Nominal.
BE\xs > White navy , ? G.OO gold per quintal.
CIIEWISO Ton u co 21,00 gold per quintal.
Hoops Nominal.
FIIEIIIHTS Quiet.
EXCII \ XOBQuiet. .
SPANISH GOLD $2.33Jf02.31.
On the I'nrls Hniirse.
PAULS , Sept. 27. On the Bourse during the
week , business was quiet , bur prices were
lirrn. Three per cent rentes advanced SO
rents , and Hank of Franco , 13t. while Credit
Fancier declined llf , nndiliio Tins to , to I5f ,
87 centimes. Credit fancier Is about to issue
Its sixth loan of 400,000,000f in bonds oflOOf ,
each , which are offered at lliOt. Until these
are subscribed fur tbo now Russian loan will
probably DO postponed.
The Latent Cominclriim.
Wnv 's Hallor's Sarsapanlla and Burdock
llko the most popular SOAP of the day.
BCCMUSO they both cleanse tbo skin and
leave it both soft and velvety.
NATURAL FRUIT FLAVORS.
- \ Of porteot purity.
Lemon -I
- Of great strength.
Alnwnd If Economy In tholruso
Rose OtC.TJ Flavor as dollcatoly
and dollclously aa the fresh fruit
11EMS OF INTEREST.
More thnn ono-lmlf of thu pcoulo dlo bo for a
the nsoof 1C.
. New York City tompti dyspepsia by eating
' 5.000 pork pie * dully.
A timpla rpini-ily for hlccoush Is & lump of
< nenr. atiirnte < l with vlneear. It "III stop
It in nine o&ioi < nit of ten.
The bo t rntncily for n coiuh or cold , when
till ! said nnd dun * , Is a pure stimulant In
hot water.
Crnmps In thr * stomach and many other
minor rompliilnn , in well ns many morn im
portant tines , can bo cured by a stimulant ,
nnd nhUkey Is tdo finest ytlmulant.
One partlcutilnr whiskey l < made for puraly
mcdlcmtl pnrposcn. namely , 'Duffy' * 1'uro
M : lt. It has received the liluhont endorse-
merits uf thu It'udlu sclontlstN and physician *
tf the land.
The salesmen at some drusUH nnd groi'CM
vrllltry to per undo you tlnit tliov luivo a
whiskey at od as HulTy's I'uro Malt : do not
brilevo tlu-tit Thcro Is not a tnndlelnsl
whlskoy on the urirkot tliat can. fur n mom
ent. tii > compired ; In purity mill Kuoduci't with
IlulTy's.
Send us51 , § 2 or 8" for n box of flno
similes nii.l biin-liiiii-i , i > hlcli MO nlllscnil
you iiiiincillnk'lby cxjiros to any jiurt
of tbc country. A box of S
AS A GIFT
is the
CORRECT THING
anil nhvnys
APPRECIATED.
Our's never fail to &l\c entire snlisfiu lion.
Address ,
LD U FF ,
Omaha , Neb.
FUR CAPES.
MEN'S FUR
OVERCOATS.
and All Fashionable
CLOTH AND PLUSH CLOAKS
for Fashion nook mailed free.
*
Reliable Manufacturers
Filmer Home Block. 191 & 193 Slate SI. , Chicago.
.
Lonrcs n Pcllcalo anil I.n llnc Odor Aflcr ITilne.
Tfnnnble toproCTiroSnAynovHEir.s SOAP oed
Ktlu stampsnnilreoolvoacakobjrreturn mall.
JAS. S. KIRK & CO. , Chicago.
8PEOIA.I' . . Fhnndon rtnlla 'Walti ( the per > -
ulur Society \Vnlta ) rent FIU'.F. to novono Mud-
IriRUStbreo wrappers of Bliandon Bella Soap.
? cnd 10c in stamps for eamplo bottle Stamlon
Dcllt Perfume.
IT WILL NOT
IF YOU TAKE
KRAUSE'S
HeadacheCapsules
$500 lleward for any
injurious substance ( omul
in ihe e Capjulos.
C-.gr Perfectly
Will Cure any harmless.
kind of
Money refundeJ if not
aiuesay. Sent [ > eon
on receipt of price.
Twenty-l'lvo Cciitn.
NORMAN LICHTY. FAMILY CHEMIST.
Dos IVIolnes , Iowa.
"SAN ATI VO. " Uie
Wonderful Spanish
Iff ineUr , Is sold with a
\Vrlt tcn\uarantcc ;
to cure all 1'ervoos Dis
eases , tucn u Wtik
Jlcmorj' . "on of IlrsM
1'owi r. Iieadache.
WakcfulccM. Lott Jlar-
hocul V n'ou ne9e , Las-
Dotore < t After Uso. iltuUc lowi of all power Urslsi of and the
Photographed from life. Generative Onren > , lu
either ( ex , cawed by
orer-eiertlon , jouthful lnrt cretlon ( . or the excessive
use ur tobacco , opluii. . r 3timulunu > , which ul'Jmattl/
l il to Inflrmltr , Coniuinptlon > nd Insanity , i'ut up
In con'.ealfnt form to carry In the tcit pocket. 1'rlco
} 1 a parSf. , or t tnr H With every IS nrder vf pho
aitrlttnii tuarniitvi > to cum nr rcfuiHl thu
mnnny. tent bj nail to any uddreu. C'lrculir free.
Mendou thl piper. Addrew.
MADRID CHEMICAL CO , Branch O = ce for U. S , i.
417 n * rl > nrn Rtri t. rillCAOO. ILK
, _ . FOU SALK IN OM MIA , NEO. , CV .
Kuhn < v Co , Cnr , IStti A Dnuxlu
J. A Fnllrr cVo , O > r 14lli .V D.
A t > K..i r . . i . . 1--mrii Illutr. 1
Demand Pond's Extract.
Accept no substitute.
JOSEPH GILIOTT'S '
STEEL PE\38. § \
GOLD MEDAL , PARI3 EXPOSITION , 1889.
THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS ,
SCHOOLS AND COLLKCJKS.
IhWVOHK MlI.lTVIlY ACVUEMV.
Col.f.J.VltiuilT , II S.iV.M , Curuwall , N V.
_ SCHOOLS OF I.KX NliTtjN. MO.
BAPTISTJEMEJO UEG E
* V7 V/lLauN , Prealdoni.
ELlZAUtLaAl | SEMINARY
WENTWORTH MILITARY ACADEMY :
8 allLLEHb , UuirlDtor.cHnt
fcllJlVUD run --t-fi-J-iOG XJlUJtS.
HCO
(1 ( 11 iiml 1 an am , On ih u
