10 THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : flTTNDAY , JUNE 14 , 1891-SIXTEEN PAGES
WHY DOES MONEY EXIST ?
Mr. Andrew Carnegie , in an Interesting
Manner , Answers the Question.
HOW MONEY WAS ESTABLISHED ,
of ( ho Idea Tlmt It Afnjr
Bo Grunted liy Oovcrnment
with Advlco an Ito nrds
National Finances.
Andrew Carneote fn Mirth American llevlew for
June.
I suppose every ono who hits spoken to or
Written for the public hn wished nt tlraos
that everybody would drop everything nnd
Just listen o him fora few minutes. I fel
to this morning , for I bollovo that n grave
Injury threatens the people and the progress
of our country simply because tbo masses
the farmers nnd the wngo-onrnors do not
understand the question of money. I wish
therefore to explain ' 'monoy" in so slmpto a
way that nil can understand It.
Perhaps some one In the vast audience
which I have Imagined I nm nbotit to hold
npollbound crloj out ; "Who are you a gold
bug , a millionaire ) , nn Iron-baron , a beneficiary
of the McKlnlay bill)11 ) Before beginning
my address , lot mb therefore reply
to that imaginary gontlemun that
( have not scon a thousand dollars
lars In gold for many n year. So far as the
McKinley bill U concerned , I am perhaps the
ono man In the United States who has the
best rlcht to complain under It , for it has
cut nnd slushed the duties upon Iron and
steel , reducing thorn 20 , 25 and ! ! 0 per cent ,
mid if It will recommend mo to my supposed
Interrupter , I beg to Inform him that I do
not greatly disapprove of these reductions ,
tbat as an.Arnuricairmanufauturor I Intend
to struggle still against the foreigner for the
homo market , oven with the lower duties
ilxod upon our product by that bill , nnd that
I nm not in favor of protection beyond the
point necessary to allow Americans to ro-
taln their own market in a fair contest with
tbo foreigner.
It does not matter who the man is , nor
What ho ( loot ) bo ho worker In the tnlno , fac
tory or licld , farmer , laborer , merchant ,
manufacturer , or millionaire , ho Is deeply
Interested In understanding this Question of
money , ami In having the right policy adopt
ed In regard to It , Therefore I ask all to
hear what I have to say , oocniiso what is
good for ono worker must bo good for all ,
and what injures ono must injure all , poor or
rich.
rich.To
To get at the root of the subject , you must
know , first , why money exists ; secondly ,
what money really Is. Let mo try to tell you ,
taking a now district of our oun
modern country to illustrate
now "monoy" comes. In times
past , when tbo people only tilled the soil ,
and commerce and manufactures had not de
veloped , men tmd few wants , anil so they got
along without "monoy" by exchanging the
articles themselves when they needed some
thing which they had not. The farmer who
wanted n pair of shoos gave so many bushels
of corn for them , and his wife bought her
sun-bonnet by giving so many bushels of po
tatoes ; thus all sales and purchases were
made by exchanging articles bv barter.
As population grow and wants extended ,
this plan became very inconvenient. Ono
man In the district then started n general
store and kept on band a great many of the
things which were most wanted , and took
for these any of the articles which the fanner
had to give in exchange. This was a great
step in advance , for the farmer who wanted
half a dozen different things when ho
went to the villngo had then no longer to
search for half it dozen different people who
wanted ono or more of the Uilnirs bo had to
offer in exchange. Ho could now go directly
to one man , the storekeeper , ana for any of
his agricultural products ho could got most
of tbo articles ho desired. It did not matter
to the stotokcOpor whether ho gave the
farmer tea or cofTco , blankets or a hay rake ;
nor did it matter what articles ho took from
the farmer , wheat or corn or potatoes , so ho
could scntl them away to the city and get
other articles for them which ho wanted.
The farmer couli oven pay the wages of his
hired men by giving them orders for articles
upon the store. No dollars appear hero yet ,
you see ; all Is still barter exchange of ar
ticles ; very inconvenient and very costly ,
because the agricultural articles given In ex
change had to ba hauled about ana were
always chonglng their value.
Ono day the storekeeper would bo willing
to talto , say , a bushel ot wheat for so many
pounds of sugar , but upon the next visit of
the farmer it might bo Impossible for him to
do so. Ho might require mcro wheat for the
same amount of sugar. But it the
market for wheat bad risen and not fallen ,
you may bo sura the storekeeper didn't take
less wheat ns promptly as ho required more.
Just tbo sumo with any of the articles which
the farmer had to offer. These went up and
down in value ; so did the tea and the coffee ,
ana the sugar nnd the clothing , and the boots
and the shoes which the storekeeper had for
exchange.
Now , It is needles1) to remark that In all
these dealings the storekeeper had the advan
tage of the farmer. Ho know the markets
and sholrups and downs long before the far
mer did , and ho know the signs of the times
bettor than the farmer or any of his custom
ers could. Tbo uuto storekeeper bad the in
side track all the tlmo. Just hero I wish vou
to note particularly that the storekeeper llkott
to take ono article from the farmer bettor
than another ; that article being always the
one for which the storekeeper had the best
customers something that was most in de
mand. In Virginia that article ciimo to bo
tobacco ; over a great portion of our countiy
It was wheat whence coinos the saying , ' 'As
good as wheat. " It was taken
everywhere because It could bo most
easily disposed of for anything else desired.
A curious illustration about what I find In
the 11 fo of my friend , Judge Mellon of Pitts-
burg , \\ho has written ono ot the best
biographies In the world because It is done so
nuturmly. When the judge's father bought
his farm near Pittsburg ho agreed to pay , not
la "dollars , " but In ' "sacks of wheat" so
many sacks of wheat every year. This was
not so very long ago.
Wnatwocull "money" was not so much
used then in the west arid south , but you sea
that in its ubsuuco experience tmd driven the
people to select some ono article to use for
oxclianglng other articles , and that this was
wheat in Pennsylvania nna tobacco In Vir
ginia. This , was done , no ; through any log- '
islatlon , not because of any liking for ono
article more than another , but simply be
cause experience had proved the necessity
for making the ono thing servo as "monoy"
which hud pioved Itself host as a basis In
paying for n form or for effecting any ox-
ohaugo of things ; and , further , different ar
ticles were found best for the purpose lu dif
ferent regions. Wheat was "us good as
wheat" for using as "monoy. " Independent
of any law. The people had voted for wheat
and mndo It their "monoy ; " nnd bccuuao' '
tobacco was a principal crop In Virginia , the
people there found It the best for using as
; 'money" In that state.
Please observe that in nil cases human so
ciety chooses for that basis-article wo call
"money" that which fluctuates lunst lu price ,
Is the most L'cnerally used or desired , is In
the greatest , most general , and most constant
demand nnd has value in itself. "Monoy" is
only a word moaning the article used as the
basli-nrtlclo for exchanging nil other articles.
An article Is not llrst mudo valuable by law
and then elected to bo "monoy. " The article
Unit proves Itself valuable and best suited
for the purpose , and so becomes of Itself and
lu Itself the bnMs-iirtlclo inonoc. It elects
itself. Wheat and tobacco were just as clonr-
ly "monoy" when usud as the busis-arttcloaa
gold and silver are "money" now.
\Vo take ono stop furihor , The country
becomes more and moro populous , the wants
ot the pcoplo moro and moro numerous. The
use of bulky products Ilka wheat and tobac
co , changeable lu value , llnblo to decay , nnd
of different grades , Is soon found troublesome
end uusultod for the growing business of
exchange of articles , nnd they arc
therefore mint to bo longer used as "monoy. "
You see ut once that wo could not got along
today with grain as "money. " Then metals
proved their auporlority. These do not decay -
cay , do not change lu vnlno so rapidly , nud
they shuro with wheat nud tobacco the ono
essential quality of also having value in
themselves for ether purposes than for the
mere basis ot exchange. People want them
for personal adornment or In manufactures
And the arts-for a thousand USDS ; mid it Is this
very fact that makes them suitable for use
13 "money ' Just try to couut bow many
purposes gold Is needed for , bocauio It is
best suited for thouo purpose * ! It meets u <
every whom. Wo. cannot even got married
without lha ring of gold.
Now , because metals Imvo a value In the
open market , being desired for ether uses
than for the ono uio as "monoy , " nnd because
cause the supply of thcso is limited and can
not bo Increased a ? easily as that of wheat or
tobacco , these metals nro loss llnblo to
lluctuato in value than any article previously
mod tut "monoy. " This It of vital Import
mice , for the ono essential quality that Is
needed in the.article which wo use 111 n basis
for exchanging all ether articles Is fixity of
value. The race has Instinctively always
nought for the ono article In the world which
most rcsomblds the north star
among the ether stars In the
heavens , and used It as "monoy" tbo
nrlielo that change * least In value , as
the North Star li the star which changes lu
poiitlon least In the heavens , and what the
North Star Is among star * the article people
elect as "money" 11 among articles , Al !
ether articles revolve around it , us all other
stars revolve n round the North Star.
We have proceeded so far that wo have
now dropped all porishablu nitlcles and
elected metals as our "money ; " or , rather ,
mrtiils have proved themselves bettor.thim
anything olio for the standard of value ,
"money. " ' But another great stop had to bo
taken. When I was in Ohum , I received as
change shavings nnd chips cut oft n bar of
silver and weighed before my oycs In tbo
scales of the merchant , for tbo Chinese have
no "coined" mynoy. In Slum "cowries" are
used pretty little .shelli which the iMtlvoi
use as ornaments. Twelve of these represent
a cunt in Value. But you can well sco how
impossible it was for mo to prevent the
Chinese dealer from giving mo le than the
amount of silver to which I was entitled , or
the Slam dealer from giving mo poor shells ,
of the valuo. of which I knew uothlng. Clvl-
llrcd nations HOOII felt the necessity of having
their governments take certain quantities of
the metaU and stamp upon thorn ovldonco of
their weight , purity , nnd real valuo. Thus
came the ' 'coinage'/ metals Into "monoy"
a great advance. Pcoplo then knew nt
sight the exact value of each ploco , and
could no longer bo cheated , no weighing or
testing being necessary. Note that the gov
ernment stamp did not add any value to the
coin. The government did not attempt to
"mnko monoy" out of nothing ; It only told
the pcoplo the market vtiluo of the metal in
each coin , Just what the metal the raw
material could bo sold for as metal and not
as "monoy. "
.But even after this , much swindling oc
curred. Rogues cut the edges and then boat
the coins out , so that many of thcso bocnmo
very light. A clover Frenchman invented
the "milling" of the edges of the coins ,
whereby this robbery was. stopped , nnd civ
ilized nations bad at last the coinage which
still remains with us , the most perfect over
known , because it is of high value in itself
and changes least. An ideally-porfoct article
for use as "monoy" is ono that never changes.
This is essential for the protection of the
workers the farmers , mecbanics , mid nil
who labor ; for nothing tends to make every
oxchungo of articles a speculation so
much as "money" which changes in
value , and In the game of speculation the
masses of the pcoplo are always sureto bo
beaten by the few who deal In money and
know mo ; t about it.
Nothing places the farmer , the wage-earner ,
and all these not closely connected with
financial affairs at so great a disadvantage lu
disposing of their labor or products as
changeable "monoy. " All such nro exactly
in the position occupied by the farmer trad
ing with the storekeeper as bcforo described.
You all know that nsh will not rise to thu
fly in calm weather. It is when the wind
blows and the surface is ruQled that the poor
victim mistakes tbo lure for a genuine fly.
So it is with the business affairs of the world.
In stormy timeswhen prices nra going up and
down , when the vuluo of the articles" used an
money is dancing about up today and down
tomorrow and the waters are troubled , the
clover speculator catches the lish and fills bis
basket with the victims , Hence the farmer
and the mcchanlcaud all people having crops
to sell or receiving salaries or wages , are
those most deeply Interested in securing and
maintaining llxity of value in the article they
have to take as "monoy. "
Wbon the use of metals as money came , It
was found that moro than two metals were
Accessary to moot all requirements. It would
not bo who to make a gold coin for any smaller
sum less than a dollar , for the coin would bo
too small ; and wo could not use n silver coin
for moro than ono dollar , because the com
would bo too largo. So wo had to use a loss
valuable metal for small sums , ana. wo took
silver ; but it was soon found that wo could
not use silver for less than ton-cent coins , a
dlmo being as small a coin as can bo used in
silver ; and wo worn compelled to choose somo-
thinp else for smaller coins. Wo bad to take
a metal less .valuable than silver , and wo
took a mixture of nlckol ana copper to make
five-cent pieces ; but oven then wo found
that ulcuol was too valuable to make ono and
two-cent pieces , and so wo had to take copper
alone for these the effort in regard to ovoiy
coin being to put metal in it as nearly as
possible to the full amount of what the gov
ernment stamp said the coin was worth.
Thus for ono cent in copper wo tried to put
in a cent's worth of copper ; in the "nickel"
wo tried to put in something iiko 11 vo cents'
worth of nickel and copper ; out because cop
per and nlckol change In value from dav to
day , even moro than silver , It Is impossible
to got in each coin the exact amount
of value. If wo put in what was ono day the
exact value , and copper and nlckol rose in
the market as rocitnl , com would ho molted
down by the dealers in these metals and a
profit made by them , und wo should have no
coin loft. Therefore wo have to loava a mar
gin and always put n little less metal in
these coins than would sell for the full
amount they represent. Hence all this small
coinage is called In the history ot money
"token monoy. " It is a ' 'token" ' that it will
bring so much In gold. Anybody who holds
twenty "nlckols" must bo able to get ns good
as ono gold dollar for them lu order that
these may safely servo their purpose as
monoy. Nations generally fix a limit to
the use of "token money , " and tnalro it legal
tondoi to a small amount. For Instance , in
Britain no one can make another take "token
money" for moro than $10andall silver coins
there nro classed ns "token money. "
i cannot take you any moro stops forward
in the development ot "money , " because in
the colnod-mlllcd metals wo have the last
stop of all ; but I bavo some thlugs yet to
toll you about It.
Although ono would think that in coined
metal pieces wo had reached perfection , and
that with thoio the masses of the people
could not bo cheated out of what Is so essen
tial to their well-being "honest money"
yet 0110 way was found to defraud the pcoplo
oven when such coin was uaod. The coins
have sometimes boon "debased" bv needy
governments after exhausting wars or pestil
ence , when countries were really too poor or
too weak to'recover from their misfortunes.
A coin Is ( 'ailed a ' 'debased" ' coin when it
does not PQHSOSS metal enough to bring lu the
open innikob the sum stnmpod upon the coin
by the government. There is nothing now
about this practice , which nhvavs cheats the
masses. It is very , very old. Five hundred
and seventy-four years before Christ tbo
urooks 'debased their coinago. The Homan
otnpurore debased theirs often when in dos-
poratu straits. Unglana debased burs In the
your 1,800. The Scotch-coin was once so de
based that $1 was worth only 12 cents. The
Irish , the French , Gorman and Spanish gov
ernments have all tried debased coin when
they could wring no moro taxes directly out
of their people , and hud therefore to get
more money from thorn indirectly. It was
always the last rasoit to "dobaio" tbo coin-
ago. Theao Instances happened long ago. Na
tions of the llrst rank In our day do not
fall so low , I mus.t pniito to malco ono excep
tion to this statement. I bow my head in
slmnio as I wrlto it the republic of the
United States. Kvory ono of its silver dollars
lars U n "debased coin.Vhon a government
Issues "debased coin , " it takes leave of all
that experience has proroU to bo sound in
regard to monoy. Sound flnanco loqulres
the government only to certify to the real
value possessed by each coin issued from its
mints , bo that the people may not bo cheated.
Kvery tlmo the government stamps the
words "Ono Dollar" upon ! I71 > / grains of all-
vor , It stamps a Ho ; disgraceful , but. Alas I
too true , for the silver In It Is worth toaay
not a dollar , but only sovonty-olght cents.
Another delusion about money has often
led nations into trouble the Idea that a gov
ernment coula "mako money" simply by
sUmulIng certain words upon pieces of paper ,
Just as any of you can "muko mouoy" by
writing a note promising to pay 0110 hundred
dollars on demand. | Uut you know that when
you do that , you nro not nuking "monoy , "
but making "a debt ; " so U any
government that Issues Its prounso to
pay. And there Is this about
both the individual and the government who
take to Issuing auoh notes upon a largo scale ;
they seldom pay them. The French aid this
during their revolution , and moro recently
tbo confederate status "mado aiouoy" at a
gro.it pace , and Issued bonds which nro now
scarcely worth the paper they arc lirmtcil
upon. Kvory experiment of this kind hat
proved that there can bo no money "mndo"
wbcro there Is not raluu behind It , Our own
country issued bonds , and thopqoplo of ether
nations bought them for M cunts on the dollar
lar , although they bore nnd paid interest at 0
per cent In gold , so great was the fear that
oven the bonds of this country would not
prove an exception to thd usual fata of sucti
securities issued during trying tUne < t , Only
because the government kept strict faith and
paid the Interest and principal of thcso bonds
in goldand novorln silver or auy depreciated
currency , has the value cf its bonds ad
vanced , nnd the credit of the United States
bccomo the highest In the world , exceeding
that oven of Gloat Britain. There has never
been n better Illustration of tbo truth that In
dealing with "money , " us In anything else ,
"honesty Is the best policy. " Our govern
ment also issued some notes Known as
"greenbacks , " But tbo wlso men who did
this took cara to provide n fund of $100,000.-
UOO In gold to redeem them , so that nny
man having n gicctibnck can march to the
treasury and rocolvo for It ono dollar In gold.
But I nm now to toll you another quality
which this ba-ils-artlclu of metal has proved
itself to possess , which you will find it vnry
dinicult to boliovo. The whole world has
such contldiitico In Its fixity ot value tbat
there has been built upon It , ns upon a sure
foundation , a tower of "credit" so high , so
vast , that all the silver and gold in the
United States , and all the green bucks and
notes Issued by the government , only per
form 8 per cent of the exchanges of the
country. Go into any bauk , trust company ,
mill , factory , store , or place of business , and
you will find that for every $103,000 of bust-
ness transacted , only about$8UK ( ) of "monoy"
is used , nnd this only for petty purchases
and payments. Ninety-two per cent of tbo
business Is done with little bits of paper
chocks , drafts. Upon this basis also rest all
the government bends , all stuto. county , and
city bonds , and the thousands of millions of
bonds the sale ot which has enabled our
gioat railway systems to bo built , and also
the thousands of millions of the earnings ot
the masses deposited In savings banks , which
bavo boon lent by tboso banks to various
parties , and which must bo returned in
"good monoy" or tbo poor depositor's savings
will bo partially or wholly lost.
The business and exchanges of the coun
tiy , therefore , nro not done now with
"money" with the article itself. Just ns m
former days the articles themselves ceased to
bo exchanged , and a metal called "monov"
was tised to effect the exchanges , so today
the metal Itself tho/'nionoy" is no longer
used. The chock or draft of the buyer of ar
ticles upon a store of gold deposited In a bank
a little bit of paper Is all that passes be
tween the buyer and the seller. Why Is this
bit o paper taken by tbo seller or the oao to
whom there is it debt duel Because tbo taker
is confident that If ho really needed the article -
ticlo itself that it calls for the gold ho could
got It. Ho is confident also that ho will not
need the article Itself , nnd why I Because for
what ho wishes to buy the seller or auy man
whom ho owns will take his chcolr. a similar
ittlo bit of paper , instead of gold itself ; and
ihen , most vital of all , every one Is confident
that the basis article cannot change in valuo.
For remcmboV it would , bo almost as bad If It
rose in value as If it fell ; steadiness of vuluo
joing one essential quality in "monoy" for
the masses of the people.
\Vhon , therefore , people clamor for moro
money" to bo put in circulation that Is ,
'or moro of the article which wo use to effect
in exchange of articles , you see that more
'money" is not so much what Is needed.
Nobody who has had wheat or tobacco or any
article to sell has over found any trouble for
want of "monoy" in the hands of the buyer
a effect the exchange. Wo had a very
severe financial disturbance In this country
only throe months ayo. "Monoy , " it was
said , could not bo hud for business purposes ;
> ut it was not the metal itself that was lack-
ng , but "credit , " confidence , for upon that ,
as you have seen , all business is done except
small purchases and payments which can
scarcely bo called "business" at all. Today
he business man cannot walk the street
without being approached by pcoplo bogging
lim to take this "credit" at very low rates of
nterest : at 13 per cent per annum."money"
credit ) can bo had day by day. Tbcro has
teen no considerable- difference in the
amount of "monoy" in existence during the
ninety days. Thora was about as much
nonoy In the country In January as there is
n March. It was not the want.of money ,
, hou , that caused tho. trouble. The founda-
ion had been shaken upon which
stood tbo ninety-two thousand of
every ono hundred thousand dollars
of busiucss. Tbo metal Itself and
notes real "monoy , " as wo have soon only
applv to the $3,000. Hero comes the gravest
f all dangers In tampering with the basis.
You shako directly the foundation upon
which rests 9J per cent of nil the business
oxobangos of tbo country , confidence , credit ,
and indirectly the trifling 8 percent as well
which Is transacted by the exchange of the
metal itself or by government notes ; for the
standard article is tbo foundation for every
exchange , both the S9J.OOO and the $8,000
So , yon see , if that bo undermined , the vast
structure , comprising all busiucss , built upon
It , must totter.TO
[ TO BE COSTIJJUBD.J
PEPPEItMIXT
"Tho summon time agwoos with mo" .
Ho twirled a straw bat on his knee ,
And prattled to a little fniry
"I quite pwefer it , doutcher know ,
Because the weathah makes it so
That wo can woah what's light and airwy. "
The maid looked up with a glance so sly ,
And said , with a twiuklo in her eye
Quito visible to all beholders ,
"Somo people the opinion sha.ro
That's just the reason why you wear
Tbat kind of head upon your shoulders. "
Dead broite A shattered mummy.
A base bawl "How's that , umpire ! "
A Sunday opening the church doors.
"Great Jags from little corn Julco grow. "
The "freedom of the city" Is thollannol
ahirt.
The order of the bath "Hurry up them
towels. "
A llowor that frostcannot wither the rum
blossom.
Tbo shoemaker's songs are on the ar peg
gio scalo.
The murderer's version ot it no noose Is
good nnoso.
You don't have to water a rum blossom to
muIto It grow.
Aristocratic card sharps are no bettor tb.au
the plebeian kind.
During hot days all draughts .will bo duly
honored at this ofllco ,
Advlco to stago-Jtruck young ladles ;
Think before you act.
What the convict said to the gov ornor :
"I beg your pardon , sir. "
The loss a man knows the moro confident
ho is that bo knows it all.
Most of the doctors agree tbat hysteria Is
almost always a Miss-tit.
"This is n cold snap , " said the slangy girl
as she partook of the ice cream.
Kvou when the housemaid is- not angry she
gives the favorite rug a good shako.
The original remark about the fruit crop
probably passed botwocn Adam and Kvo.
It Is somewhat strange , but money is
always further from our roach when It is
closo.
The boH way for a city man to got a string
ot trout is to go up country and boy-caught
thu'm. .
Among the surest "sigus" Is a bent pin In
tbo schoolmaster's chair. It Indicates gout
Ml spring.
The \Yost Pointer gees Into the army for
general results , imo tbo oullsted man for pri
vate ends.
Chinch-bugs are dying off in Kansas.
Some lojsor pimulto must have got a chinch
on thorn.
"Will you nutno the bonosoftho skull ) ' *
"I'vo got thorn all in my hoall , professor , but
can't glvo thorn. "
It nags the man in the early straw hat to
bo asked In an inuocout drawl which way the
wind Is blowing ,
'It's a long turn that knows ho Inning , "
said tbo IrUh laborer as ho stoppsd to roclluo
against a troobox ,
A Vermont tlrm Is manufaQturtng200 dozou
door-knobs a day , That might property bo
tonnod a "knobby turnout. "
Young man , In business don't trust nnd In
mind don't rust. That's the dlltoronuo be
tween mind and money to a "t. "
The census report informs us that there
are 160,000 oommuruial trawlers In this
country , but \vo can't know what tbo volume
of business done by thorn amounts to until
wo learn what U the market prlco of blue
chips.
DAY
1Wfollowing telegram will explain itself ;
40
Ml I THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY.
' ' mini ? n hi nVJ h'JTim.iSf'iimV ' ? ° "ly > " ' ° iI""ll.lonH ! " 'llltln. ' , ! ts 'I"1'/ ' ' ' . "I.loh . . liityo bo n imsontod to hy the ( utiitur of tlio following mrmKU. ,
In tranqmlsVrmi'7 r\Yilivnr'v \ i7f-i , ? fori'otiioarNon.njiil thu Ooiup.itiy wlllnot hold Itiolf II ihlo for error-Tordolny *
, . , .1 > ! i , . - 1irol'0lt ! ! d iiiiMsasr.i's , hoyond tlmiiinoiliit of tolli mId thoruon , In .
; r the IIIO-HIIRO I" ( llo. with tlio company for trnnstnNilon. | nor any > -i > - > u whuro the claim a not prosumou lit writing within sixty nays
This U an tinroponlwl IIIOM.IKO mill , u dullvoroil by roiiuust of the soiulor , under the oondltloni uamad uboro.
THQS. T. BOKBRT , General Mtinagor. NORVIN ORBPN , Prosldo-ir.
NUAinr.u I 3K.NT 11Y HEO'D HY OI1KOK
atZIZ South 13th StreetQmaha.Neb. . _ . mf
M.Standard Time'
> L
Some small manufacturers in New York make a specialty of making the vei
best class of clothing that is made in this country. We quote one of them who had
carried over more than they wanted , and with them it was either sell cheap or pack
away for next seaaon. As we offered to buy all they had at 60 cents on the d olla ?
spot cash , they said take it.
The 'bulk of the suits are worth from $20 to $30. They comprise some of the finest plain and
fan cy worsteds , as well as cassimeres , and 75 per cent of them are imported goods.
They are now on our counters , and we will throw the store wide open and give you
: TOUR CHOICE OF ANY
L SUIT in the House for
THIS MEANS CLOTHING FOR HALF WHAT IT IS WORTH.
In order to all classes show , we'll throw all
give a goods worth less than that price into a
Grand Final Choice of the
Rest of Our Suit Stock at
M slsirg two prices for any suit in the entire house , namely :
Choice No. 1 , ff Fifteen
Choice. No. 2 8Bi/8n-anfl-a-Half /
Now don't forget the choicest neglige shirts in the world , worth $5 , we will sell at $3 ; worth
we will 4sell for $1.50 , and a world beater at $1.
As ever and forever yours ,
HELLMAN , 13th & Farnam
$5,00 PER DAY , $1,000,00 , GASH IN PRIZES ,
You can , WEN BIG MONEY. Don't miss this opportunity.
The IRRIGATION AGE is the ONLY journal in the WORLD devoted
to the great interests of irrigation. It is meeting with ENORMOUS SUC
CESS , but wants 10,000 moro SUBSCRIBERS before November ICth , nnd
proposes to have them nt nny cost. BIG COMMISSION nnd bitf prlzfB to
AGENTS , and splendid TERRITORY entirely UNWORKED. NO COMPI-
TETION. Thirty pages , illustrated , llnest clnss journal published west of
Chicago. ALLy.RRIGATION NEWS. Just the paper for nil farmers in the
irrigated regions. ENGINEERS CONTRACTORS AND INVESTORS
WANT IT. ] I Qme edition , Denver ; Inter-Mountain edition , Salt LaUo City nnd
Ogdeu ; Const'.pfLtion ' , Los Angeles. Bond for sample copies and agents terms nnd
particularsoJlour great PRIZE OFFER. Address
* / Irrigation Ago , Denver , Oolo , , Railroad Building.
OTJREX ! NO PAY.
| 3 Douglas Street , Omaha , Neb.
JIanr years' eiftsfttonco. A refiulnr crnitimte In raedlclno a diplomas allow. Is still treating with the
( tr test KUCCOJI , Ul Wrroiu , Chronlo nnd I'-lvuta Ulioaitu. A pornmnont euro Kunranleoil fur Catarrh ,
HperniMorrliajii , IjOit Manhood. Uamlnul Wuaknui * , .Mulit Louts , IniputunSyplillli. : . htrlcturo , unit nil
dUeuaos of tlio lltiitid.i kln anil Urlnnry Orx ins. H. II. 1 Rimranlot ) liUU fur uvury o.isu 1 nnJorlnku nnit full
todira. Cnniulttitliin froe. Hook ( Mvittrlo ) of I.lfo ) sent frou. UUIoj liuura 'J u. in. to t p. m , Buntlajr
10 n. in. to 19 01. Smut "tamp for roplf.
THC ORIGINAL AND QCNUINC Tb.oulr Httft- . Hurr.n1r.l/JH I'lll for ! t
, uk llroillll f r C lc nttn lMlbJk ; > im > uilj Ur < i l lu lloil U'l ' OVJ luculllt
uvr iHltNlwIlh bu rltiboa , TcLo t utbpr Llnil. Ittfutt A A niufbm4 aH /Mffurw . .
All t'llli ' lu puubo < l Ui , pink i ppenart dunurrou * fwunlcrrVlth Al Druilim , DC l'n\ (
Ir.la > umM fur f lllo llr < , l Un Dl ll. nj "llrlltr far Ijiillr * , * * iiMltr. bt rrlurn 1UII.
lO.IKIUT-IIUiOolu. * Hruf , , . CHICHCBTCn CHtMICAt Co. , Mull.i Hguurc ,
b.la lij all I.ocul llrucut.ti. I-IIII.A'I.I i 1-111 \ . I-A.
otorriona , Gleet and / . < Miroj'i7ioric
cure < l In idtiys by thti I'roncli llomutly on-
tltloil tlio KINO , It illsnolvut iiKitliut an In
ubsorbotl Into tuo Influmoil purtn. Will rofutid
money It It ilinn not euro or cuu-wn Htrictnro
Uontlamon. liuro is a rellalili ) urtlole. llu
uuukuKo or 11 fur t.1 pur mull prepaid. Me *
Oonnlulc & I.mul , Ouuiliii ; l' ' . A Molclior.
Howard Muyor * und K. J. Suyknru. Houth
Omulm ; A. O. roller and M. 1' . 1II1U Council
llluffn
I CURE FITS !
When I My cura I da not m n roonly to to | > them
far tlmo and tlieo UITO ( turn return g ln. I moan a
rtdlcilcura. I h tu undo the il n o of flirt , 1PI.
LIU'SV cr FALI.1NO 8ICKNH8.S lifelong ttudj , I
warrant my rtmodr to cur * the wont cow . lleciuw
other * bara fallwl l < uu reawm for nut now roceliinf a ,
cure. Head at ono * for a traatlae and a Fra * Ilottla of
ijr lufallilila reniodr. Giro Kipriu awl 1'tM Office.
II. U. HOOT , fll. U. , IbU 1'eurl Ut. , N. Y.
The extraction of teeth rendered
Painless by using- the wonderful dis
covery , a drug which , when locally ap
plied , deadens all sensation to panj. .
'No danger ; no injurious effect after
using. Where to have this done ?
Pax ton Blk , , Omaha.
A benutllul sot of Artificial Tooth , on the best rubber , for1 SO. A
perfect , fit guaranteed every tlmo.
Crown and Bridge Work at the lowest rates.
THE MOST COMPLETELY EQUIPPED OFFICE IX THE WEST.
Office , Third Floor , Paxton Block.
TEL.EPONE , 1O88. ENTRANCE , 10TH ST.
JMEW YORK DEJMTML PRRLORS
N. E. Cor. 14th and Farnarn Sts.
DR. K. L. BR.OWNEI.
§ 4.00
Wonro mnUlnsjatJooiUPtof lootli. on llEST rulibur. and ( JUAIIANTKCI ) IUfurll.00.
alno muko tlio .MiirrU tliln nliistlu nluto. which U thu iilouamituit plain to wuur , liulii nn
us curd Ijoiird. tindVII.I , NOT llllKAK In thu immth.
Wltii our NT.W 1'Uri'AKATIO.N loetti uro uxtruolwd AIlsOMJTKhV WITHOUT PAIN
the mitltmt ri'inulnliiK conscloun.
Opea ovonliux until 8 : 0 ; Bundnys la a. in , to 'I p. in. llranuh ollluo UH1 N , St. , South Omaha
All work warranted as represented.
