10 THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : SATURDAY , MAY 00 , 1891-TWELVE PAGES.
OlFSTHW OK
Ul/LvJl 11M Ul
How it Was Considered by Judges Norval
and Gobi ) .
NATUn/vl'ZATION ' IN THE TERRITORY.
Conclusions ItouuhcMl In tlio Ole-
briilcil 'lllii.vci-lo ! > ( l ( Jiibcrnii-
tiii'lal CM to In tlic Su
preme Com i.
the Rlnto supreme court cnrly Iti
fflny hmulcil down its decision' In Uio tele-
bint I'd Thtiyor-Hoyii cnte , 'I'm : Un : "ul-
lished a sj tiopils of Itie opinion of the court
and also cmtliiicd the dissenting opinion of
.lutlK'c Maxwell. The ewe uttmctbil tUtett-
tlon ihioiiKhout the west as well nj the c.iit.
Many lirvvvors , who tire grcntly Inturostrd In
theilavv points involved , requested Tnr lii t'
to nublMi the full text of the Maxwell opin
ion This wns done In 11 rccont issui' .
Hfiiutsts hfivu nlsn been innelo upon Tnr
Hi ito publish the full text of the opinion of
UK enurt , written b > Judge Norvnl , t'ulof
Justice Cohb conrurrliiB It is picscnlcd
below In full :
' 1 lie Opinion.
Wo nro mot nt the outset of our invostici-
tlon wltli the proposition tlmt this court has
nn Jurisdiction tn lic.ll1 nnrt dotcimine the
n 'hlnf tlio rosponuont to hold the olllco of
( nvprnnr.
Section 'J of nitlrln 0 of tlm constitution
i infi'is upon the supreme court eititfimil
Jurisdiction In iniuidutnus , quo wmrmito nnd
habeas coi pus
Section 701 of the coili' of c ivll pioce'duie
piovidLHth.it "An infoitnatlon innv bo Illud
nitnlnst .my pPMnn unhivvfullv holding ot ex
ticisint , ' anv public-ofllco or fr.inehlse within
ttiis state , or any ollleei In any corporation
created bv the laws of this state , 01 when
nny public ollliur has dolio or sulTciud unv
nu which wuiks a foifeituto of hlsollliu , "
etc
Section T10 piovlilts thatVhon the dc-
fond int is holding an ollico to wliicli .mother
Is cl ihnliirr ttio rlRht the Information should
sot fortli the minio/ir such claimant , amt the
trial must , if nun tie .line , determine the
rights of contesting putlrs "
.Scetion T17 provides that "When an in
formal ion is upon ttiu relition of a pihato in
dividual , it shall bo so stated in the petition
mid pioteiuhiK * , and sncli individual shall
hi responsible foi costs , in case thoj 1110 not
adjudged against the duiendnut , " etc.
ruts ( oiin ins n nisiin no > .
'I hese , as wellasothei st.itutorv provisions
not < juotcd , give u pnitv who claims .1 public
olllco the powei to Institute in the supiomo
cMiit , quo vv minto pi ei ceilings inliisown
name , to test the light , of the incumbent to
discharge the clntioi of sui liolllce Authority
is likewise eonfi'ticil uiion tlic attotnov gen-
etil to bung such an ae.Uc : > .
It is U.timed tli it .in infoimation in tlio
n ituro of a quo vvnii.mto will not lie i.gainst
one holding the ofllee of governor
M VM > VMI s vvu.i , i u .
In the St.itos Tlnyei , 47 N W Hop , TOt ,
vvo Kohl that mandamus mil lie against tlio
eovcrnot to tompol the uoifoimaMco of in
oflU ml duty , which is pnrelv ministerial
And .it li " pit-sent toim , in State vs liulur ,
17 N W Iep { , 7IO.lt was decided tint itvvns
the dutof 'ho speilcerof the liouso of lopro
scntatlvos in.meul.itelv upon the organi/Uion
of the house , and buforo proceeding to otlioi
business to open nnd publish the returns of
the ili'ttioti foi ollhers of the executive de-
pat Uncut , and that the duU thus enjoined
upon tlio speaker by the constitution VVBS n
ministerial ilut > , which would bo enloiccdby
mnndamus
While it is tiuo tlm executive ami judicial
dcpiitmonts of tlio statu gov eminent , uo
ciual | , co otdinato nnd independent bunches
of tlio state government , and the ofliccis of
one dep turnout are ptohihited bj tlio consti
tution fiom exercising an\ powers 01 duties
piopoih belonging to the other , jet it dons
not logically lollow tlmt the Jtulkiaij is pow
erless to near and deteimmo wnether the
pel-son ( llscrurtgrriK 'ho ' duties of the olllco of
governor is ilisqiinliticd bv tlio constitution
fiom holding the Qlllio J'his couit , b } en
tertaining a pioccoeltni ; biourht to test the
light of the lolator and the lospondont to the
olllco of KOV oinoi. does not otercibo , 01 as
sume toeieise ( , anj povvei belonging to the
exec-nth o department 1 ho sole object and
11 in oo \ * mii i uo < i i HIM.
s to nscoitiuii who. uiidoi the constitution
ninl laws , is entitled to porfoun tlio elutie , of
that olllcf
Mr High , In his hook on l lxti.ioidii.ar } Le
gal liumedies , section Ml , s.ijs "Tlio oillco
of governor of n stnto is regarded as a civ 11
oftlco of siitti n imtuie as to bo iimoimblo to
tlio oxcrclso of tlio juiisdictinn undei discui-
sion And wlieie , btho constitution and
lau's of a state , its highest Judicial tulmnal is
\ostedwith Jurisdiction bj infotmation in
the nutuio of a quo waiianto to pio\cnt the
citi/ons of the stale fiom usurping Its ofllces
anil franchises , an unlawful intiusion into
the chief executive onico of the state may bo
tried bv thw pint-ceiling to judgment of ous-
tei Iiibiicliciso a plain distinction is 10
C0ni/od | between n depiittmont o ( the iov-
cinmentnnd the poison a'-snminn to exouiso
its duties , and the Judicial biancli of the KOV
erimont in no miinmu interferes with , or at
tempts to umtiol the le ltimato functions of
thooxicutho dopaitmont , but onlv si'oUs to
piotecl the people fiom an unlawful usuipi
lion of a huh publioolllceoi fianchiso " Tlio
text of the loatned nntlior is fullj siibtiincd
u > the atlo ) opinions of the louitlnthot iso
of the nttoinoj nenoinls iliutovv I U'is ,
7..0 .
7..0IUH
IUH it is lontended tu.it the constitution
lin\ IIILpiovided that the contested elections
fni all olllceis of the cxOLiitlvo dop.utnumt
shall bo doteimined lj Uio leftislatuie , tint
n UK dy is exclusive of nil nthois
Tlio nuthoiitlen cited In the bilofoftho
respondent sns am the proposition Hut ilio
holdiiiKs of this and otlioi couits aietlio
otherwav , that thoiomeily lij contest is not
the solo icnieih
liiKtinovs 1'oopto , t NnbrasUii , fiO'l ' was a
luocoedinK biuo wnunnto bioiiKht in tlio
district court of L'lun unite count } by lleni\
Snvnui to list the iltjlit of riiomns iCano to
hoUl the oilico of iounttroivsuior of that
cuintOn eiioi to thiscouit , objection
ixiui made that thu couil had no Juiisdiction
In the opinion pit pared bj ttio llion Uiiot
.lustUo Liiuo , it wns hold that the remodby
timtost Is meioh cumulatho and tliatquo
wail an to is u concUuunt lomedv.
In states Stein , 1,1 Nobiasku , liO , was n
pinccodluK bt quit wniranto to tiy tlio light
of the icspondent Kobuit I" Stein ti > the of-
tUo of lountj tiOtisuiei of Kcainoy eounty.
It was in led Unit the supiemo eouit had jur
isllction
i'o ( lie sanio elicit 1110 attouiov prnoiMl vs
IUusto\v , \\lnoiisin I , 7fiO , states lless-
moro , II Wisconsin , 1 ir > , and people vs Ilol-
den , .IsOatifoinia , li ) .
While tlio constitution doehuei. tbat con
tests of the elc'ilion of otlkeis of tlioixet'iilivy
dep.utment aio to DO tticd bj the legislatuio ,
tin biunu iiisliiiinont , as alicadv htated , con-
fcr jiiilidutloii In quo \\mianto pioceedmss
ujion tlio supiemo couil
it was not tlio intention of the fiminis of
the constitution tlmt the lomed ) bi contest
slunild Impiirtho light of the JuilU-mij to In-
in lie into thoauthoilt ) uj which miv peit-on
iiH-uinea to oxoiciso tlio duties of an olllce of
the executive dopattment , und to loinov o him
tlurifiom , If liots constltiillonallj Inollgiolo
to bo elected to or hold such ofih o Wo have
m > doubt that this eonrt has Jutlsdlotlon of
the ease
wini m n iiiiiiiri
It upi > ean fiom the pleadings that the ro-
Fpmdent iccelvcil a pimnllty of the votes
cast for tlio olllee of governor nt the goiieiul
election held in November , suo. It Is claimed
in the lelalor that llie > dufendunt did not ho-
fomo a I'ltl/on ot the United btatos. until
after sueli eleitlon , and ttieioforu hu VMW not
ollk'lbln to noi leiallelei ; ted to such olllco
Section 'J of aiticlo ft of ttio constitution
re.tds 'No poison bliall bo eligible to tlio
ofllco of go\011101,01 lieutenant i-'omnoi\\liu
shall not ha\e attained the ago of thlitv
\oais , and been for two ycwis novt pioceeil-
liu : his election a citi/ini of the United M.itos
in.J ol tins stale None of the otllct'rs o' iho
o\i < cutuo ilopnrtmcnt ihall bo ellgiblo to any
otlioi stale olllce durliu' the peuod foi w liiuh
the > shall hu\o been elected "
IIIVtlltl ! ) "I III.1111 I , "
Is defined tn the ( .Vnturv dicttonni v to bo
' qualllled to be chosen , legally qtmlilied for
ek'i lion or ap | > ointinunt " Snbitaiitiullv tlio
Hame dullnttlon of tlio word Is given In Web-
Btir'.s dlcttouaiy. In this sense thu word
ellKiblo" U lued in the constitution.
The above constitutional provision w aa In-
teiulod na it lustrlctton upon tuo olcctorslu
governor and lieutenant gov
ernor 1 h tieoph' are prohibited from so-
Icctiiic nni i > ci o i 'o flllolthProf thiMOortlcos
wiio lias not neon a cltl/cn of the state ai.d of
tlio United Stutes for at least two jenrs next
preceding the election at which such ollicors
tuo to bo chosen , or who Is tinder the ne of
tulrty vcnrs
win v n.K"rmv is voin.
Keetioi. U7 of < haplor SO , compiled statutes
piwides that "when the t > ' 'i son whoso elec
tion Is contested Is found to luivo received the
highest number of logtl votes , but the elec
tion U deii.it ml null by loasoti oflcxildii-
qualification on his part , or for other causes ,
the person receiving thu next hlchost number
of votes shall not bo declined elected , but the
declured-Vold "
election shall be
It Is plnln , whether wo construe this sec
tion and the quou-d provision of the constitu
tion totfothnr or sop it'.ito , that the effect of n
ponon icciivlnga pluwlltv of votes for tliu
oillco of chief executive of the state , v\ho
does not POISIMS the constitutional qualifica
tions to bo chosen ts to avoid the election and
not to elei t tlio poison lecelv Ing
TUB M1 111(1111 ( Sf SI Mill U OK VOTM
for Unit olllcn State vs McMillotl. J.I Neb ,
is * . , In le Corliss , H HI , rws Drvden vs
Swmbuino , JU W Vii.l.ll. Statu vs Hulll-
van. 17 N. W. ilep , 0. . S lunders vs Ilavnes ,
til ( jnl . in I , Commonwealth vs Ululoy.'Wi i'a
Ht.JTO ; Com. Ilanlov..i ' Id , oil Stitevs
.lenklns , 1 1 Mo. , Uoi ; ( Hiliclcvs Now , 1 1 Incl. .
'H , State vs Sw e iritif-'i n , U U i ' , ' 1. State
vs Smith , It Wis . lir. ! SUte vs ( JnsttnolJO
Ia An 111 , People vs Clule , f > 'l ' N \ " , I'.l .
The question is so full' eoi.sldeied In these
eases that further dlscusslu-i is enlirelv tin
nccossaiv
Thu t coord shows that the tespondent ,
.lames K lion ] , was born in lieland of alien
pirelits in the veil1 ISJ4 , mill-that ho was
uiought to this eountrv When ton joaiM of
.IRO liIlls father , .loseph lloyd. who since
the j ear 1' < H h is icsiilcd in thestite of Ohio
Joseph Hi > > d on Mnrch " > , 1HI" , at X/inesville ,
MusKingutn eounty. Ohio hefoiu the corn-
mon pleas court of tlmt ( ounty , iloclured his
Intention tn become a clti/en of the United
StntLs , and in October , I si HI , the said .Io oph
IlojdiUih innilo applicitioi to thu common
pleas conitof said Muskmuum coimtv. to bo
admitted to become a qiti/on of thu United
Stales , and ho was thuieupo'i by thooidei
of said ( ourl dtilv nnturali/od
Ou Uccelnber Mi , IS'M , the respondent be
fore the dlsti let couitof the United States
Vor tins distlict declared his intention to bo-
( ioino a cili/cn of tlio United States , ami at
the s une time made application to bo ad
mitted to become a naturiliycd citi/in f5y
thooidoi of the conit he was on suid hut
named date admitted to citi/cnship.
JJid the nattirali/atlon ot Joieph Hojd in
Is'JO malto tlio son a citi/en'
Section 1 of the act of congiess , entitled
"An act to establish a unifotm rule of nntui-
alizntion , " otc , unproved Apt 11 II , 1MJ ) , tbo
same hoing section -Jl7i of the revised
statutes of the United States , rends as fol
lows
"Sec I The childion of persons- who have
boon dulv natuiali/ed under .inj 1 tw of the
United States , 01 who previous to the pissing
of anj law on t hit subject bv thogovor unent
of the Unitol Stitcs. may hive bc-como citi-
/ens of anv one of the states , under tin laws
thereof , being under the tiuo of twenty-one
vo.irs at the tune ot the naturiih/ntnn of
UiLlr puents , shall , if dwellinir in the L nitott
iititos , bo lonsidorud as cili/ons thcreol , nnd
the chlhlii'ii of poisons w ho now aie , orh wo
been eiti/ons of the United St itos. sh ill
thougti bom out of the limits and Jurisdiction
of the United Stito- I oconsidctoit is citi/ens
thcieof tint no pe on heiotofoio pto = c"ibed
bv anv state , or v ho has been lo alh c on-
victeii of having Joine' he aimv of ( Jioat
IHitain duiiiig the lovolutionai } wnr , shall
bo iidmiitLil to become a utien without the
consent of tlio legiilatuio of the state in
which such peison was pi escribed '
Undei the provisions of this section tbo
mlnoi children of an alien , bom out of tlio
United States , if dwollimr in the United
States it the a ite of the mituiali/atiun of
tlicir piionts , beiomo ipsof.uto citi/ens by
sue li natuialtition Hqi it doe- > not luivo the
otToct to n > ike tlio children citizens if they
nre more than twentj-ono jeais of ago at the
time the puont is admitted to citi7onship
As the icspoiiilcnt was about llftv six jcus
old vvlien Ins fattier v\a naturuli/eil "it is
obv ions that ' uch natutalUntion did not miiko
the son a citi'en Dtyden vs Swinbuino , Jtl
West Va , VI , State vs Andiiano , 'U > Io 70 ,
( junu vs Haboaul , ( )7 ) Mo , nil , State vs
Pennj , 10 Aik , lit , O Oonnoi vs tbo State ,
U ria. , 31.U S vs Kellar , II ! Ted h. ,
Campbell vs U mlon , 0 Cianeh , 17li
Wohnvo found no case and none tins been
cited hj counsel , which holds th it tlio natiu-
ali/alion of a pirent miikoi his children , who
are at the tnno ovot thence ol twdntj-ono
jears , citi/ens
i'ho ici | oiulcnt in his answer , alleges upon
information and onllnf , ttmt , pilor toOctolier ,
Is'il , bis Intliei compUu'd his natiiiah/ation
in stiict accoidaiuo with the lavvof ionijio-
on tbat subject 'I his allocation i > msulllcint
to show tlnvt Joseph Uovii was a citi/on of the
United Stiles It , is novvhern uvnrioct that
anv court adm'ttod ' him to become a citi/en
pnor to Oi tober , 1VK ) Tlio nnmo of the court
should bo averted , so as to show that the pi o-
ccodings woio befoio a tiibunnl having Juils-
diLtlon of tlio mattci 'L'lio older of aeouit
admitting an alien to oiti/eiiship is a Judicial
act in the nutuio of a judgment Such pie
ceedings me u > qnired to bo a mullet of n-c-
oid. The iccoid must bo oloadod and piovod
the sinio ILS anv other Judicial roeurd Nut-
uinli/ition cannot bo established by paiol.
Kxpiuto Kmnvles , . " > C.il. .toil ; Hump vs The
Commonwe dtti , JO I'a st I7."i , In ro Chu It ,
li ! haul , 444 ; iMortran vs Dndlov , IS H Men ,
( p'H ' , ( Jicon vibilos tl Tod. Iti ( ) , Urvdcn vs
bwinbiune supra , btato vs Ponnv , IDAiU
Wl , Spl itt vs Spratt , 4 Peters , U'.U , Hodo
vs Tiiininer ' M Pnc Hop 1 ! 7
The lad Unit Joseph Hojd foi moio than
fortv jeats voted at elections and hold public
ollicos in tliu state of Ohio falls far ihoit of
i.ilsing.i piesiimptioii that lie wns idmiltcd
to ( .itbonslup pnor to Octoboi , ls')0 ) It ! ,
clear that voting ami holding oWco do not
innko uii nlion iiiti/enot the United States ,
nor i ilso u nioiiimption Of s u h
'Iho fact that .losoph Uovil win admitted
nnd decl.ued a eiti/nn in Oi tobni , is'li ' ) , m the
count ) wheio ho had lived lei foity ve.us ,
and in the same i omt in which ho doclnicd
his iutontion of bee Dining u i Hi/on on Maich
fl , is , ! ' ) , sti.ngtheub the conclusion th it ho
was not tiatiuali/ed until Ociobui last Noi
does the t.u-t that .l.imcs C Covd had at oich
election iu this sfito \eicised the eh c tlvo
IritiichUo , and has tio'iuonll } boon olccted to
hold important public olllc s , maito linn a cit
i/on of thu United States This piopositlon
la sustamod bv the following autlioillios
Drvden Svvinbiune , supri , Ling vt , Kin
dull , I Dillon , 4s'i , Mali ) } vs IJudon , 1" , I\nl
Kep , liil
It is en idcnt that tlio numeious oaths taken
bv the respondent to supput tlio constitution
ot the United States and of this btato diet
not in.iUo him a cituon of tlio United Status
In oidur tn.it
* v vt ins > m IIP
to citlronshlp , lit ) must piovo to the sntlbfac-
tion of some court having Jut isdiction of tie
matter , tbo facts H-quliocl b } the net of con
gress on that subject , and at tlio simo time
declnio on oath hufoio such I'omt , "tnit ho
will suppoit the constitution ot thu United
Staler , and that lie absolutelv and ontiiely
lenounci's and nbjuiot nil allegiance nncl lldel-
Itv toeverj feiel.'ii piinco , potentate , stnto
orsovuieigntv.and p titicul illy bv name tothe
piince , potentate , state 01 sovereignty of
which ho was beioio a eili/on or snbjoit "
United State's i ov ised statute's , sei lion J , lir >
CoiiBtcsh has established a uniform uilo of
natuiall/ntion and an allo i cannot le iidmlt
ted to clti/enship thereunder unions ho fol
lows the mode piesciloeei nj the nnUualiza
lion luws. The oiths taken bv the i-espond
enl to uphold iho fodornl constitution do not
appear to have ucon administered bv a court
having juilsdiotlon , nor is it nveticd llinl ho
declmeil in nuv of Ihooith- ) that ho abe
hit civ umouncod nil alle/lanco to thu queen
of ( iioat llritaiu and Irelaml.of whom howiu
a subject.
It ts nisistoil that .losuph Hoyd having do-
i'l ) ed his intention to become n > KUoii w lulu
James U Uo > d was a imnoi , the son took
thostatus of the fatliei , and the mitinnlua-
tlon of the lospoiident In Ducuniuor ISHO , relate -
latebuik to and iiiuUos him a ciliion from
the time his declaration of intention. This
position H untenable. The pruvUion of tuo
constitution cUoworo nuoteil nialtoi u poison
ineligible to the oftlco of govoi nor w ho is n it
ti eltl/un of the United States for two j o irs
prior to the elec'tiim The lespondent bjing
ilisqunliliod to bo elected , when tlio votes
wore av > t , tils election UH : n nullity His
HUbsequent iiatiiiuli/atlon could not give
validity to tlmt which was void Naluralixa
lion is noi ictroactlve , and iho doetilno of 10-
latiun lias no application to the case at bm.
Drvden vs Swinbuino , , ' 0 W Vu.llll , Honey
vs Brooklyn Ilenevolent Soi'lotv , 0 N V. ,
! UV. Pliant Vh ruminlngs Won el , : tJ |
.ludgo liieen In his opinion In Drvden vs
Swinburne , supi a , sajs. "Anothui posltlo. .
taUun Is that tlio nutut.iluiitlun of litilph
Swinburne in MV ee b
ho miido his declaiutlou , aim ho is thuivfoie
now to bo consldoiud tu a c.tUeu from that
date. Nouuthoiit.v is cltod to sustain tlm
novel position except a number of cases on
eninelv dtstlnct subjects , In which for reason
up , ncable to such eases the law permits iu
eiitnln i is ( ? a i elation biclf Thus nn onlea
found w hem returned relates back and icsts
title In the commonwealth from the Undine
So thu appointment of an administrator for
coitaln oises relates b ick to the deithof the
tcuator A pnlunt when issued relates back
to the entry. A silowh < ni conllrmod bv a
emtit of ecjuity i elates tj.ick to the tlmo of the
sale
Tim VSTI rr rot v < rt.
could have found no doubt many other cases ,
where- the law allows such relation baclc ,
sotuullmcii for all purposes and other times
for t'ortnln put poses ontj On the other
hand iiinuinui.iblo ciues miglit bo cited
vvheto tlieio Is. no stietl iclallon hick. Kieli
e'lHo of this character Is bused on toiisons ap
plicable to it .specially. Hut what txmlblu
bent In tr they or the reasons ou whiehliipy
mo oised have upon the piasent OHU I con
fess I nm tinabio to noicelvo The ouly m it-
tor rofuuod to In this connection , which lias
unv refeienco to nalurUi/atlun is not a
Judicial case but the action of the federal
government ininv .veils tincu in diiin Hiding
the luleasu of an Austrian , Maitln Costur ,
who h id declared the Intention of becoming
a citi/en of tlio United St lies , and who WH :
nftoiwanl unjiistlv linpilsoiieel bv tlio
Austunn Rovcrnmcnt. This shows that a
Pi'non who tins deolarod his lutontlon to be
come a citiron of the United Status tins cer
tain lights which our government will pro
tect , doiihtiess lie hiu many lights which the
. oilrts will oiotect , but tills cerulnlv eio M
not show that ho has nil the1 il'hu of ti cllt-
/on If It shows anv thing which tins any le
Intioii to the mallei holoio us H shows ton
mac h If Mm tin Coster hud the lightiofn
eiti/en ho had them befoic ho was iiatui il-
1/ed. for when lie was m rested ho had not
been natuiali/od "
In the New YOIK case , Woomutl J. , in
speaking for the court savs "It is cloir , 1
think , that we mo to seek lei the legal effect
of niituiilinilloti in the statutes bv vvhlcli it
is authoti/ed und in sue h legislation a-t has
t.ce n been had in our own stnt" on the sub
Ject It is not to be dcteiininoit upon a moro
dellnition of the tonn 'natui libation ' Hut
If it weie. it iiuptit bo most logical ami moio
consistent with sound prim iplo-i to say that
the subject when naturalU'id begin to have
cjpacitiei peilaining to citl/enship iivailnbl"
lot the luluie If it were conceded that the
congiess of the Unite cl Sliloi ti ivo pinver to
dtcl ire the ellect of naturali/ation , so as to
give to the suDJeot theioof all the lights
tetioictlvulv , as vvillns proipectholy , which
lie would have 01 would have had of nalivo
bom , of which , in leipoct to reU cMtate , the
tiausfei tl insuiisslon and elosioitof which
Isp culiulv nutter ol stnto policv , theie is
'
gio it room'lor doubt , 1 think it is clear that
the n.ituralU ilion laws of tliu Unued l ato-i
admit no such construction.
'Undei those laws the applicant Is admitted
to cili/enship upon complving with ceitiln
picsciihcd conditions Ho bocomoV a citi
zen Ho is put in a condition or m ciniics a
ch iractei in wliich he can tiavn and enjoi all
tlio lights and puv lieges vim h bj Invv pci-
tiln to citi/enship and that is all Hut all
tills is including to the plain loading ot the
laws puHpi live His eipiutv tlien iwuins
to be ii uful 01 olllcienl to enable him toonjoj
hinew c'li.ll tcl "
vvli itovei peitilns to - - new le
\\e thoiefoie leie-ti tlio conclusion tint the
n Uui illition of the lo-ipondont bv the' 01 Jei
of the UniU'd Statoj eoail latt Djcumbor Ins
no rotrnctlvu olToct , and in ic'icliing this
conclusion wo have not overlooked the nu
thoiitie s citeu bv counsel for respondent up
on this bianch of the e-uj Thov .no not
uiuihi ous to the cise bofoi'i us
Thoio is anothoi eel louon for holdintr
tint thu n itui ili/itroti ot .Iim-M 10 HOjil
does not loldtti biok to the tuna hifathei
lookout iu-j llrat piper ? Such pipn i weio
of
NO vv vn. ro nu SON
when ho made applicition to ba admitted to
clti/enslnp .Iiimoi U Uo/el w. is compelled ,
bcfoie ho wis naturali/od , to I'ocl no Ins in
tention to bocorio a citi/en Undei tlio ai ti
of eongiesi. James li Hovel , being under the
ago of tvvonty-ono voai i when ho c unu to the
United State * , was mithoil/oJ to do this , at
the s lenu linio lie biiuliud for cui/Cii jupers
It was all one ti msiiction , on the same d iv.
The docluno of lelation could not thcioforo
upnli' in this cise
It is uigod that the icspondent b cvmu i
cm/en of the United Stateby the admiiiion
of tbo tetritoi v ot Noln.ibka as istitoiato
tlio union Wo will now oimino the eiuos-
tlon thus picicntod Tno ejimbllng act , ap
pioved Apiil l' ' ( , Is'i'i ' , piovuioth it whenever
.1 coiibMtution sli.ilt bo foiinol bv the nc-ople
of the teiritorv of Nebraska in e'omi/limco
with the piovlsions of the ict , ' itill ill t
the dntv of tlio pioiidont of the United Sttaes
to issue his pioihim itiou , cleclulng the state
admitted into the union on an equal footing
with the 01 labial si itc- , , without anj fuilhei
action whitover on the put of congiois "
AftouvJid on Mutch I , lii" , tlu piebidontol
' i United btito-i issno t his prool un ilion ,
v > . .eiem lie doclaieii and pioclnuned the fact
"that the fundamental conditions unpj o 1 bv
congies on the stale of Nebraska to entitle )
that stale to admission to the union , h iv o
been i.iUllod and accepted , and the admission
of said state into the union is now com
plete "
. 'vio question foi consideration is whether
th idimssion of Nobuuk i na stile into tlio
in on on an equal looting with ttio original
s ties , as provl led bv the enabling act , and
the proclamation of tlio pioiidont , undo . .H
the lull ibitints th'Mel'i , IP-.O f icto citi/ens of
iho Unilod Slates Sunii ir language is
found m llio enabling acts by willed vaiious
ti intones vvoieauthoii/ed to form state gov-
oinniontln oiderto bo admitlod to the union
as st itcs It will bo ob , c i vv 1 that tlio en ill
ling act of Nc biaski contains no provision
touching the lights , pih ilejos ii.cl imiimni
tica of the inh ibitnnts , upon the st ito c ) ininr
into the union The Inn ibitatits of the teui
loiv at thu tune tlio stuo government was
fijimod , vvero subject to tlio jut isdiction of
the Uniteu Statoo , and w ro air ailv citi/ons
of tlio United Stites exioitimj [ sucli
as wcie tillcns These inhabitiiuti who
\veie c'lti/eus of the United States , weionono
the less citi/ons , by loison of llio fact that
tiiuv weio inh iD.lants ot the umiloiv t'lti-
/e s of the Unite 1 stito-.dn not lese ttierr
( .Iti/unship bv ch inging their loitdc tic o liom
a state to i touitory Citi/3iis of the Umu > t
Stato-s idMJiu in the "Distiljt of ( Jolumbin
and in the tuiiilnloi aio such citi/ons to the
same intent in it the. would bo if lesidiiu in
cine of the stitcs Prontls vs Hiiniian. i
Hlaucli.lil , Piiquit vs. bvvan , Ti Mason r > l
It mil } bo safelj state 1 tint about as laige
a piomntion of tne inlnbitants ol thotjiii
toiv ot Nolu iika vveri c ill/ens of the United
States as of the Inhuhit inn of nnj of the
states of the union There was no occasion
ttruroloic lor ioiiius < < to intend the admis
sion of tun state into llie union us nu net cf
collective natuiali'iitlon 1'hoio wis no
moie iiigeniy or nocoisity toi Mich u collec
tive act of
nvit/viioN IN nir ruimroiti
than tharo vv oeild In to pass from time lo
timonctn lei the oolloetivo naturalisation of
aliens io lding within tlio states If con-
Kioss liad intended thu admission of now
state > into llie union , unclor the various en
abling tuts , to opoiato us u nntni ill/iition of
all aliens lesidmx theioin , it it reasonable lo
suppose that , it would h ivo been Mi provided
in tlio aels Ihenuelvus In unmibtakablo
tin ms
Ttio imstttution of the Unit-1 ! ! States has
eonforiii-l upon congress the power to piss
niituialUatliin liws and congress Inn passed
niauv uetb on that Hitbjoot If congiuss in
tended to extend Iho right of iiaUiiall/.atioii
of aliens bv the enabling not , outside of anel
buvoml the * vnrinui nets ot congress 11)1011 )
that subjeet. It would have boon so piovidecl
in the enabling act in language so plnln and
oxplicil is not tu r 'quite construction Ap-
plj ing iho accepted rules of statutory con
struction It cannot lie hold Unit tliu enabling
net was intended to lolntoto nntuinli/atiun ,
oltlitT indu'idtuillv or colloutivoly , and in
contiavontion of the naturalisation nets ot
congress without it being so speclllcally
Htaled In tlio unabllngnet
Collective nntutallr.itlon is vvtiero tlio gov-
oinmont oy troniy or cojjlon acquires the
whole 01 a pirt of the torrrwiy of another
nation , nnd takes to Itself the inhabitants
thereof. 1'or illustnuloii of this vvo lofor lo
tlio it only of Paris , br which vvo uoqulitd
Louisiana territory , the lrcat > with Spain ,
bv which vvo ncquire I rionda , the tuat } of
( iuael.ilupo Hidalgo , b > vvhlcn vvo accimrod
Now Mexico ami California ; and the rejoin-
lion of congress , by which iho lupubllo ol
Toxns wns annexed to the Uniteef Stutos.
The power to confer such collective , rtaturnli-
z.ilion was not o\pressiv tonfoircd upon congress -
gross by tlio constilulion , but doubtless ox-
uls iu llio govornmenl as a necessary PHI I of
the trontv making power. H bomir grinteil
that tuo povvui o\lsts in congress to nuqulro
teuitorv b } purchase , treatv or cession , tlion
It follows that the terms of such pu chnse ,
troalv or cession may piovido for iho natur
alisation iu soltdo of such of the Inhabitants
of the acquired toiriiory or country as inav
elect to adhere to the now government. This
us n matter of political necessity , the reasons
lot which uro clour Those inhabitants are
prosunmbl } native * of the soil , ttiov constl
tulo the bodv of tlio peopto there are tin
courts of tlio HOW government oUabllshod In
nuoh ncquiiod torriloiy to administer the
uniform rul of untuniuatlon established by
ro'igross , not will there likely beln thone.i. "
fulliro Without this power , then , Uio whole
bodv of the inhibitrtnts of the ucquitod ten !
toiv must of necessity lotnlln foi along ai-d
IndeUnlto period without ulloslaneo to 01 the
lights of cill euship in an > countr.v.
This piimiplo ciiinol , however , bo ap
pllod to Nebraska , for the iciison Unit the )
t'irrltorv of Nebraska , a well us tlio Inhabi
tants ihoreof , vvcio nh e id v within the Juil"-
dlctlon of the United States and stiojeet to
thegeneial goveiniiic'iit , Ideml I nml tom
tom ! courts had been established In the ter-
litory with ntnplo piiwer to naturall/o for
eigners , mid were In the dally exorcise of
such powers Hut n small per emit of the
inhabitants wore of foreign birth , nnd mo t
of these had taken the Inuiiitorv steps to bo-
I'omo naturati/ed by Judgment of Uioe-ouits
under the general laws of congress
This question is made moro clear bviefor-
eiicu lo the language of the enabling net
It provides t lilt tlio state shall bo admitted
Into tlie union on an equal footing with the
oiUlnal st He's It vvas ( host ite which was
iilmltted into llio union Iho lind , peisonnl
pioncrly and inhabltnnls vven aliouly with
in tlio Jurisdiction of tlio federal government
The state , In 'its mutiliipnl und sovereign
capacity , was a now cro ition It was the
Htato thus nnvvly creltcd in its sovereign
e-ipaiitv Unit WIH admitted into the union
It tiniv be suid Unit the Inhabilat.U miiko the
stiti , novel theh'ss the state in 11 1 political
otgani/ation is ontlrely dilTerent nnd distinct
fiom t no Inh ibitants who mu li ipnoii to 10-
sldo thoiein
The words "equal footing with the original
stales , " cannot bo constiued to have any rel-
oionco to the status of the inhabitants The
word "footing" is dolined "Him position , es
tablished place ; rolnttvo condition " We
must look to the constilutioit of the United
Stales to Und out what thu "linn position , "
"ostanllslicil place , " and "rel itlve condition"
of the vaiiousdales arc The riirhls of Iho
st lies thus leforred ta nro defined in the con
stitution , such us having rupicsc'iitation in
Uio lospectivo liotiboi of congie'ss and in the
cluctoial mllige , and othei lolativo lights
moie pirtrcuhulv desiiibed in aiticlu I , ol
the constitution of tlio llnltoel Slllo-i The
position and rol itivo lights of Uio stales sot
lorth and dcllniHt in llie constitution , which
were posscis.vl by Uio original sta'os bv vir-
ttto ol the a ( option of the constitution of the
United States , vveio what weie intendolto
bo secured to Nebraska by the enabling act
It that net Is tu he cvnstiued n-c IKlng the
status of inhabit mis , why hive itiolatoto
e iti/enslilp anv more than to pioporiv rights ,
or pononal iiirbtsl (1 ( it was Intended to fix
the status ot Uio inhabitants , as wns the
status of the inhabitants of the onu'inal
stato-i. then wo moled Into Inter mlnibie < lilll-
eultl"s bv reason of the fact that these lights
weio drlfoiont in the vaiious stiles The
potsonal lights ol the inhabitants of thoorip-
itr.il states , with lofiioneo to the elective
franchise are collated in Mmoi Vb llapeisott ,
\ Wall , 17 , ' , by which it will be seen that
they were not alike in anj two of such states.
I tin iv be suggested how ovot , tlmt the in
hibit mts cjt the 01 initial states bee line ipao
facto ctt i/ons of the Tnitod St itos Tl o re i
son of tint nn that thopjoploof thooii iml
st ites were the persons who associated thoin-
bolveM together to foim a nation and conso-
enientlv were its oti in it citi/oiib Mitiot vs
llappoisett , supi r The ii.lmbit.ints of No-
biask.i weio not tieilinganevv and mile
pc i lent gov eminent and b > the a Imission of
Noln uU i into the u-noa Ihov did not tluovv
olr th < rr allegiancu to a fcncign pjwer The
pii'iuplo vvlilc.li li toil and determined tlio
st itus of the original stiles cm have no ap
plic ition to tins e ise
The language of the embling act has no
lefeicncc to the- status ot the inhabit inu of
tliooiiMin.il it itos at f ho time the state came
into the union , an } moio tlnn it can bi said
to have loieioiico to the fc o.mg 01 the icli
live lights of the oiiginal stitoi at the time
vvlien a union of st ite > vv is foi mod It is sell
evident that no teuitoiv ca'inovv be admitted
into the union as a state , with all the lighls
and pi iv lieges which weio possessed bv the
original stiles vv hen.lliev came into tlio
unio.i This in iv oo illustrited by reference
to the const itulio.ii of the United States
vvhie.li. me > its adoption , foimdtno slates
f.o n exe1 using povvcj and ptivilo'es which
th original stales cojld oxeiciso at the lime
the fedcial union vviib lorinod.
It Is not in aiuvvcu tp this Illnstr ition to s ly
Hi it rscbiislcivis udnilttou Into the niiinii
befiito the adoptlein of Hi > fourteenth uiion I-
menl. bee in e vvo lind subat mtlilly the s line
liuigii i e In tlio i'ii ibllu/ nets byvhl h new
st iti s have liecn adinitted Into the niiliin
siiKetlie idjulion of that amciiilnn nt V\o
tlilntv It iliiu both liom the 1 U14II ue > of thu
o i il ) In * act ind triiin CDiistltiitiim il uid po-
lilitai liNtKi J. Hi u the piov slims uf tlioen-
ihlin Ut hyvhloli Ne > > isKu vv is iilimUcd
into the1 irnion on in eijii il rootliu with the
oil ; ln il st ue s must he iisul in the piuscm
tense 111 it is tu s ij \ \ is ulinlttcd vvllli tlic
siniu Ul it vo ii lit < which the orUm il slati s
hitiil n. . I i tlio iiiiistllntloii it the dale iV-
b isU i w is admitted IT this v low be i oriee t ,
tin winds < | fool n , ; ' could not IIOICHI-
stiuid us n itui ili/lnx all nllens vvhoweiei
Hit n nh i II ints ot the' sbite f ir the le is in
thai illeiis iiisiilin nt th it time within the
limits of llie eirUIn il stilus were not oUI/ciii
of the lliiiti-ci Mates
If it lie true ) tint thu idmisslon of v st itu
iiilnrilists ill il'ens ' who we 10 Inh iljlt inlsof
tlio lei i itoiy at tlm time th a ill th it , nee I liu
done bj nevvlj imvol liaiaUi lilts to bo
tr iiisfe'iie t fiom illenu o Into clti/c iishlp
would he to t iuti up fieli iibodo In i teurlloij
pi lei to its ailnilsslim as a state into tlio union
fill. DANf.l II
attending the n itut illit'on ' of illnns before
liu j 111 I H-iUiiid | i knuivln ! „ ' ! of tliotonsti-
tntlonanl laws of our country , and cimsc-
qiientlj r'ciuii d 11 residei.eu foi ipeilol of
live ye ir and In iddltlon to that pieiof
slioul I lie ilii'u he foil , i ineiper court I hit
they were e.f KODI ! nun il e nut n ter und it
t u lie d t > tlu pnne-iplu- tliu eonstitulloi , of
tau I nile I ! lies In'foiu they i o lid lie iielnilt-
u il In . 1/1 nsliip riiNpo'ic ' ) of oui irovein-
ini nt would lie ent'ioly mill liuiu d h } holding
th il illcns lo line eiti/i'iis h } the 1111:10 : ill-
mission o aturrlloi > us n st ito I'hls line
would iiimll lo oil /uiislnj ) fnruuneiis who ( In
m t possi ss tlm iiiulille | itlons to hu iiilialttid
In AIIIL-I can ulli/uiislnp , and th it , too , with
out til I lOHMMIt
I In i I hth sui tlon of the not of con less up.
pioved I ulnii uy : : , IMIvliieli en iblc I thu
lull iliit int * . of tlie Dikoti- , , Meal in i mil
\\asliliutonlo loini c iinslilatlons ml state
iivoiiiiiutnls anil lo he admiltul Into tin
iilon piov di s \nd If thu state constitutions
and mi i iinjoiits of s ilu piojioudtitns u , )
lepnlilic'iin In form , ind If m the provision- ,
nf IhU let h ivi Iu i n i oui pi lid v , lib 111 the fui-
iiiallon tliiMiof.it sli ell be thu dntv of lh-
piisihntof the lulled st iti s to I-.MIII his
pnic'liiMutlini aiinonni Iu ; ' tlio lesult of the
ole'i tlon in c n li , mil ihi'ionpoii the piopiisoil
slates whie h II IM i dopluel i onstltiilions and
I'm null , t Hi ) Koveinment as liciein preiv | deid
sh ill I e ( li eiinod h > i IIIUTII-.S ucli iltte'd Into
the union nuclei ind bv v It tun of tills act , on
.in e qinil fooling w ith tlm en Ul n 1 1 Hi itesfiotn
andiiftci the d ill' of suid pi H liimitlnn "
wen i D M VKI. e HIM -.1 t riiir.s
This 1 in.u ire Is In Mlbstincu tin alllc as
that c'onlalnod In the e niblln : not by which
Noliniak i lie emn a stuto 'I hu mvoasuiv
eenc'liisloi ) from the rn oof i'oiiHtuie.1 ion ciin-
tended lor l > v rusp ) ide | nt InlhlHiMsi woulii
miiKo llio t lilni'si- iislclliig In the I ) ikol is
Montan i and \\.fldiiutun vvlien those si iti s
we i MidinlUi'd into thu union , e Ill/ens of th
I iiilid ' t ites , while tliu i units IIIIMI iini-
fcn miv Ih'UI tn it thu iMilncsu vv 1 1 . not prop i
mihiucUi feu naluiall/iitlon undui out piuse'iit
laws J i
II HIvvuie to ; * ) ti the admin-ilun of Ni -
t'l isKu us i st itu Ihttijtliu union iho foi in nnd
i-Hiit of a tieilv ol uess on lintneou tlm
United t-i itoind.tli4 turrit. . us of Nubiiihka ,
Ntlil It could not luntrol the pri'sunl e-aso or
the i Itl/enslilp of tin | lespundi lit foe Uui
n ison th it he was Ixnn In lieliuid , of alien
p n nti , uid w Is < a jmhi | > i ; of thu ejiioi'ii of
die it. Iti italn iincpot , ' liel mil at tlio tlineof
thu admission offNalua k i as a statu Mis
politlial leliitlon-nili ; to llns fiirolzn poUi i
e iniW not hu made hiibicct lo anj c'nnibat lie-
HMOII .Nubiaska fluid llio I idled btatosto
wliu li ( .r. at III Italu Was noi a p tl t > . robins
\ sV ilklusli us , | Mu4lllsti'i , l.sl ,
The opinion which we hold Is supported bv
ullii i Ai.etlons of UU ) t n ildliu act ec'tlon 1 1
piiuiile- tint tin ) laws of th" lnlti' ! < l Mati' > ,
not lei iillj In ippiri'iblo , him 1 have the H einti
fore o and etllec t wltiiili the * h.iid siatias iKii-
vvln ID within llio , . Unlluil hiatus. ' Ihiinat-
nrilUitloii lawb ofj.llio Un ted stutc's wure
not and are " "
ser iee VMiV1' iSsi'i'MrAlili ;
lo Uio stale of Nebraska. Those laws vvoro
emfoieeiel In the ) st.iLu1 of Nohr iskii , und If bo ,
tin in Is no reasonable e-jeiipu friim thu piopo-
blrlon Hi it iiliiMii must comply thoiuivlrh In
oiilur to become cltl/ensof the L'nlli'dtalus
.seielloii 1 of tlie e'nablliu ae-t pr > v Idi" .
"I'll it thu Inhabitants of tliU portion of
tlie lerritoiy of tvebrusKa , Inuliiiu'd in thu
binindiiili s huielnufti r iteslgintleid bu and
tin y ale hi reil > > anthorUud to Painful tin m-
bilMs a eoiistltiithm and htietu m vuniim nt ,
vvltn thu n line afoiusald , whhli stall . when so
foi mc'il , shall he admitted Into thu union a- .
buroln i'icr provided ' In the title tliu snh-
Jcie t eif iho uc'l Isdoslpnatod the poop.u" of
.Nulu iska , In Uui puivluw , tlie ' Inhaliil.ints "
\\u know Unit the fr.imois of tliu nut , whim
tlioy use d th su terms did nut nnui all of tliu
peoplei , noi all cif tin Illhaljit lilts then eloieil-
e'lleii In NohrisUa In lids connection ntten-
tiiui IK i alii il ro the not of i'onrc's-tof May . ) ,
IV , I , usually e-allud thu organic ! ad At tbu
elate of Us passage tliuro vvejie no pooplu nor
inhabitants of Nubiu Uu upon wham nald a it
was ele'slKnated to ouurutu , hut It was those
theruafter to become domlc'llud tliciu for
w ho-io tonellt thu slid orxanlu law ( Umignod
huetlou 5 of said act provides"Thai every
ficu white mule inhuhftunt , utovo Iho IIKU of
t went -QUO your > , who hliull bo an actual
reu duut uf suid t' rritorj , and shull u ibscgj
the qnnlltlcntlons liorpin rftor prcscrltie 1 shall
hi' entitled to tnn n mo llr l i lei n..n nnd
sliul1 be elmlhle . , > toy nlHee tliln sud ' . r-
ritory ; but Pi"
gr M.ine'ATiov OK 011 as
and holdingontot" it iill sulncmn nl election"
sliall hosiioh is shall ho prc ci Ihu I bv the leg-
Isl itlve asseinhlv. provhled. Unit the rUht ol
sninane and of holdliu olllee sinll he exer
cise I only l > v cltl/ens eif thu lulled Mute's ,
and those who shall h u n dcu'liuud , mi oith ,
tholr Inte ul'iui ' lo lii'ColnOsncli and xiull | Inivi1
tukon an imtli to mtpporl the i oustluti ! n ot
llie I'nltuJ States und thu provisions of UiU
ne > t "
I hniiiiallfli ! itlnnsof vntUM iitid of holding
olllce > in said lerrllorv lonnlncil oilistntitlully
the sritiii1 us above c-Unhllthcd Itv the iirifanlc
net , at the elate of th" u issnaeof the en ihllnir
net , nnd of the actual admission of Nohrasl. i
Into thu union IH a slnte > , the legislative as-
siuulilv liav Ing pie uriiod ! iioellirereiit lines
exi'epl upon Mini- points m t nriilurl.il to the
pu unt liuieilry
\Vlienltisborneliimlml \ thil the sole pur
pose eif tlm enthlliu IIP ! was to Inv Ito and on-
nhlc > ulhi4lia to form foi herself a constitu
tion and hocoini iidinllled Into the union is a
st ite It ! s obvious th vt this Invltallim woill'l '
be adelies-icd to lliosi In whom the law had
M sic 1 Iliipovver and the' l-lulil to put the p >
Illk il powei of tin ti rnlory In mot'on ' ind to
eontiol Its net Inn to the nii'etmpllsliiiiPlil
of llie ) pinnosi In liuiiil Who weuo lliev but
those In vv lion ) the elect vo fl me liKe hail 1 01 n
vesleel hy theorgiinle Inw and wlelv left b >
the ' legislative iisiomlil > 51 Flu 'p-iiploof
Nehr.islii. " then , mi nllonnil li ( hut tie , mil
the Inhabitants. " nientloneil In tlm first snc-
tlon are thu fieu whliu n tie Inhubltanis
nbovo the imeof t we'iitv-onu yoirs not mil
n sldents of the terrltoiv. ilti ens of the
I nlted Stales and those who hive dec ! nod
on o.ith their Intention to bi conic such , mil
sh ill hit i liken m oith lo support tin con
stitution of the Inlt'd SUUMhyslionld \
iinvothei than these him IHMIII nieiilloned or
IniinduelNone' otlii i vvuii' ellowtd tooto
foi lepics'iit Hives Ui fiitiu a i onvenllim to
drift n constitution fop thu preiunsud slate
nor to vote1 npnn tn nec'e'p ! nice m lulocllon of
such eonstlti.tlon in inl'ht bo fuimorl by siu-h
convent Ion
This Is made pi iln bv leferc'nco to prov Is-
Ions of sect on I of the emihllnit act wnleh
pr iv nli > s "fhat a'l ' pursuns un illlleil liy law
to vote for remesenliHIvi's to tlie m-netal ns-
somblj of s ileltetlltoiy-sh ill lie ill | illlied to
lie c'le'i ted and thin aio hole-by alith irl/u 1 to
vote for imlcliouii leiuesi'iit ilhe s to form a
convention , niidoi such rule * and regulations
as tin trovornoi of silil t < nrltor > in ly pie--
m-rlhe , and also to vote upon the accoptnm e
or iiijo. tlon of sue h constitution iih may be
foi mod b > suid convention , " elu
I'e is MIS of forei MI blrili icsidliu In the lei-
utory of Nihriski. who hid not declared
llnir Intention to heeonie cltl/e-ns of the
Unite d states nnd t iKen tin oitli to support
tlieconstltiit on nf the I'nltedtates weuei us
poweiloss to niako a constitution .mi' ' irovem-
I'rnineiit of tliu new btiito eif Nebraska as
tlioiuh they h id tuio.ilncd 111 the coimtri of
their hlrlli
Hut It Is i lalnied th it tliu Invitation of the
onitil nn net vv is extended to all the Inh itn-
t nils of the terrltoiv. Im ludliu nun ilui u-
l/ed foruiKiieis , who hud neithei deelirc'd
their lute ntiim tu In cotue1 eitl/unsnor liken
mi oith to s ipporl the leinitltiit'on ' of the
United status to t iki'tnit in tin foimationof
i constitution and stile gnveiiiiiicnt mil
the } having done so It N nr'ned tlmt they
bee ime i Itl7fiis of the I'nited si ites without
0 ith of allcvl line to the I nltud "t ites 01 of
libfiti ition to llieli in itiiui connti v simply
b > h iv hu t lUon p ill In llio foi in ition of the
constitution mil st ito govoiiinient In olliei
words th it Ihuj c.iiuu In with the st ito \ \ e
havusic'ii ihut this cl ess of pirsoii-weie not
iccognl/i'd us possessing inv pulitlc il stilus
In fhosild tumteirv , wlutovei Tliev eonlcl
notlusellj vote at inj elei thin nor were
they entitled to hold uij public nlllco Tlie
levlsl Hive asM'inblv while possessing the
power lo confer certain p illtlc il rulits upon
thiscliss of persons never e\e > te.lscd It but
on tlio contr uy at Iliu lirst bi'sslon en leted i
eilinliiil eeile section 1II of whii e piovidc's
thtt If anv poisein wiltulh votes who Is not
Kill/en of the I nlted t-tutos or vvlio li n it
dill ) MU ililieil fr im olln r dlsihlllty to vole it
the ) place whe tomil time vvliun tliu vote Is lei
buiiivcn he- shall ho lined in i sum not e\-
ccedln4fl ) ) 01 limn 1-ioiimiMil in tlie county
j ill not evceedliu one > cii. " Phis law wis
sohseqiientli il iclide d and it the ) eliteof ad
mission of Nohriilt i Into the union as a st ito
It slood is folio vs
1 sui is Anv person who sh ill vote In this
tdiltoti * who Is not i eiti/in of thu
Un te d st ue s , or dc'i I ired his Intention to he-
coine such us prov Icled hy luw In know liu the
same , shall , on conviction thoieof.be Impris
oned In the pcnllontl u } and Kept lit hud
1 ihui not le-s-i than sl\ months noi moio than
three juirs Ituvisoa statutes of NebiasLi
tuirldny ( ISdti ) i ) 147
Cm It bu supposed th it Invsvvonid hive
In en kept in fore e fet twelve vc.irs denvlnjt
to fiitelu'in is ivlui h ul not doiliied tlieii lu-
ti n tlon to bo nine tlli/oiis of the United Mutes
tin rUItt to vote ) and nrovlelln i punishment
i ilnst tliem should thev exeicKu sni-li li 'lit ,
If It h id hucn thu Iivv III ilnpon thu idmisslon
of Nebnslci is 1st ite all non iluclailn ; for
euners re-lidiiu in the territory , were In tin )
mere for. e of such admission and whuthei
I hoi deslrol Itoi nut liouu.ie fulllleiUud e it-
l/i us of the Unlled stilus' Vleisl ciitainlv
not It < m bu hu u'iniil tn it duel tin oronie
I r e'o.'iii/nl ami iloe I irln , ' foie' ' neis w lie
it bo doni'clle-d ' in the > tuirltoiy tlnin heiiu
nr mi/id .is vut > rs tlieiiin mil entitled to
I IkO flllt pill III ill | )0llt.ll ) ll Ul ills 01 hill
the lOjtisl ulvo nssonihly thunof us It w is
probahlv empowered to do bj sue i orjmie
act , i on fen ed tlio lUlit to vote and hold olln o
iinoii smh foiiiixiiuri tli n upon tlie cnac't-
inc it bv cim.'iuis of i law to en el ) o the pn -
ple " thu Inliuhit nits" ( ) f smh leirlteiii to
foi in i constitution md state goveininunt mil
for its adiu sslon Into tliu union , that thosu
words the pi'jplu a-id thu "Inh 10 tints'
vveiu me ml toenihi ice such foreigners , liit )
vvliuio , us In this ciisu smh foic'lisne is hid
hi en lliiou liont the legislation of i oii re'ssin
II ftiuiii u to tliu teiiiloi y mil tliioiuliont thu
leiis'.itlon ' of theti riltory Itself , donled all
part clp ition In the all.ilis of thu tuitltoiv
vvo do not think , that In lliunsuof thu turms
coni'iess intuiuhil to inxituoi un ible < m > to
p ertie Ip itu In thu form uion of i constitution
mil statu ovcinmunt , who h id boon I bus e \ -
olndcil Itut only such .is could vote foi elulo-
atus to 11 onstlt uiion il umvuntlon without
\ ol itnu the I iws eif tlii > l irlloiy ni Miojojt-
iii. thumsolvLs to ciliuln.il prosuentl in
Tliu v IUH vvhhh we hive ovpressuil to thu
eitleet th it the Inhabit mts of tliu te nitoiy
DO Mil III-CO'II Ctri/ISs
of the United' t itcs b > the dlv Is'on ' of such
teurllory as ast itu Issiisl lined hj jnclie I il du-
clsluns In Me Kuj vs rmiphulls J Siwver ,
li > , It appu MS Hint Mclv.iy w is bom an alien
liu w as ui iiihah lull ( if 1)11.4011 ) , u thu ( hue
Ih it teriltoi ) was iilmltted is i state Into llio
union anil afti nv iulb el liiuu.l to hu elll/un
nf tlm I nlted states Ilieionit held th it he
eonlcl not c'aliii ' eltlns'i ' p oMint thioiu'li
natiir ilUat lei , and fimhn liulil tint ibe
tieatv of Islildld jiut niiiku him a < Iti/en ot
tliu united hi He's , mil lh it tuuie was nothliu
in tliu In iti that upi lat d is a n it in nilit Ion
of Inh iblt mtsVi qiiuto fiom thu oplnliin
' I'lio plaint ill hulii , : . i iblldofm nnn itui il-
? > c I c llt/ < n mil nun itui ili/u I hinisulf e 111-
uot claim to he an Ann-il. ,111 cltl/un c M i pt
upon I hi- shin -ionnil thai ho w is bom up in
tin soil of thu I n lied s u , , N oth I n j thai li is
hipp m d sinic ills hii Hi i iu iilil tei 01 t iku
an i ) ftom tlio si leii lli of hiselaim ' Aflei
tile Mull of tin pla ntill , M K iv mil dining
Ills n stdeni it In Ole.'on , that tirillorv hid
huen tdiiiitti d intii the on on as i state with
out an i natillu- I it Is unmled.hiit will eny-
onu tonte IK ! tlmt sln > was foi lh it re ison aiii
the less idmittu I Into tliu union upon an e un il
fiiotln. wllh tin uiuin il Matt , or thitOio-
gen Is not ted iv upon in nqn el footliu In all
respeclswlth iSehitski' The adiii'sslon ' ot
Oruiiriu is u si ito a like ovint wheh It Is
elalini'd niaelu 'lll/i us of till aliens dnmlelleti
In > uhi iska , nan tlnii ilui hiru I uy tlm e'oiirt
as not adilliu' to the i Uhlof u pi ison bm n In
the u liu. I lure of a foi oil ; n power lo i claim of
Amc'rlc u.i Itl/unslilp ,
rin'stuiii \ I'rmiroso. . .1la , "iH. is ox ictly
In point I'lio elefindant vv is Indkn d In the
i in lilt c uirt of Mobile fin u llhi I , anil pie idud
In abatement that onu c > f the -tranil hums b >
vvliiiin the Indii Inn nl was n tuinud was not u
oil l/i n of llie I'n tti I Mu lei but an alb n I he
Juioi w is lioin In In land and came to Ioii-
Islana In Isll whoieliu n-iiialiu-il unlll after
lh i uilniisslon uf Itoulsl mu Into Uiu union
anil In the > uai IMI he roaiovc d to the slut oof
Alabama , u I i iu he vv b u ii'sliloiit win n hu
M ived us a r ind juior lie hud IIUM > I bum
n ilnrull/ed ilinle i an act of eoiuiuss hill II
was I'laiiuiiii lh il us ho wns an Inh lint ml of
HID teriltoiv ol loiilslaim when It .via ad
n.lttod lulu thu union , liu theiuliy bc > emu u
e ilUun ol the Inltiil stall s Mi lu-.Hi D Oi-
iiiond , In deliveiilui ; the opinion of tlu < coiut.
siin. ' The qia-itlull to bit dele iminud Is
vvhi'thei the fae t that u pnison was m Inh ili-
Itant of tln > teirltory of lioiilsi.ui i pie vlous
to Itu admission Into the unlun bj viituc of
the in t of CCJIUIIMS of I'obtuitv I ) ihll , will
eonstltutu such puib m u illi/.uii of the Uniled
MutcM This tut , vvhli h vvun to eniihlu Uiu puo-
plu of the Ic'iiltoii of Orluims to form a eun-
Htitiiinm and stall ) KOVOIII i em , and foi thu
udnilbslon of sin h stale ) Intel thu un ! m em un
equal footliii ; wllh ihu eirl/hi il status uiuhor-
Uih iho'lnliutiltimls1 of tin leriltoii to form
for llumiulvos u constitution and statu KOV-
uiiimunt. utu
As tlioultl/oiishlpof Uiu juror Ib supposed
to How from h.s lining an Inhabitant , of tnu
tuiiltory of I.iailslaua at thu than uf thu
pisiaKo of Uio ni'i of congrass of ISU , pro-
Mously eltud , It lie comes ntci siary toeonslder
tl. proilxo impiiit of u tonn fiom vvhloh suuli
ccjii3i.'iuunuc-s | 1,10 to arise Uy
TIII- . rum IMIVIIITA.ST'
of u plan' or country , vvo iindorilan 1 emu who
bus bib douiiilio ui llxud lesldemu the n > In
opposition to imu who Is u nieru Kojoiirnur or
tumporari roslilcnt in the pliic'u m ciaintij
Hum le re ; s law dlu Ml , 1 I ) ill IS ) 11 by no
moms , lionori'i , follows tlmt an inhabit ml
Is u subject or a cllliun ; n foiehnor , uarniu-
nenlli lUsldi-nl Is as much an Inhabitant us
if ho we ru a Itlron urHubJicl
Hi ihu term InliabitimU.'lliuiefoiuln this
nut vvui niuroly Uiu mass , constinutliu the
liojy polltlo vvho vvuro uutbuil/.i-il tu foric astute
stuto constitution preiiurutory tu adniliiiim
Into the union It certiilnly was not tin ) In-
ti < iitkii uf uoimTt-ss uiiliir In thlr 01 In any of
Uiu olhur uots for thu admission of tmn status
Into thu union , to do niuro than to proscribe )
thu leriuM un which such Htntu mlzhl lit ) iiel-
mlttcd. Tlmt It vs us not Intended by Uiu ue t
to oonfur citizenship Iscomliislvoly Ghovn by
tliu buumd socrluii of tliu uut iirt'horlblnK thu
qualllloallcins ot tlio voters for lupri-centa-
llvo * Iu thu cunvuniion vvhli h wai to foi m the )
st itnrDiiitltuUiin Thev vrero rAnoinvl i < > be
ft i o white ) in i o ittlzons "f UK I niteil MIII | < M
hvvlns rcsl oil 0110 ye ir in llie terrltury UUI
paid ti\u < Nniir If the Intonllon had I" ei
tint In the ud n Isslon of the stele Int it hi
iiiilon. nil the Inliiihlliints1 hi'caiiii1 citi/oni
of the I u ! ! > d st ill s there ssiinhl have IIOIMI ne
propreti h iievi-r In ( onlliinlim tliee'e tlsi
fraiii Inse' to ihina vvlio wotu 'then'
' I he in ts fet the )
vliMISsloV Ol' I. .
Into the niiloli iloiM not illiti-r in any Itnpni'l-
IIMI put-Ill uhir from unj of the olh' r acts of
ootiiirii'C-e pi < Mi > d for the ) siiini ) uurpciie , before
aiKlslnec Ih , . aclniNslon oflnbinm Inte
the ntiloii Is prucl olj similar , and If tlm pro-
tciislun , oi up Is we'll founded. „ , , tln < liinir
wisiin Inluhltiiilof Althaiini before and at
the tlino e f Its iidtnlsiion Into the union , the in
woiilil be Hi iiei'e-s-dtv to res irl to hlsie'sl-
duni'o In iVmisl mi i. . e- t iMlsh in , cltlri < n < hlp
unless iho fiet tbiltiio leriltoii oomtltul
liuHiostitu of l.ouUI nm vv.es . m-emlred bv
cosslim sliie-e the foiiailatlon eif the ) federal
KOV eminent ureels thu iiiestlon | Itut wo nil
proheiiil that thu utmost ssiili > h lould 10
e'laluii'cl for the nsldemuof t ite s tjius i li-
t'lliiislani'iMl vvou'd ' be Unit they should tin
pliiocil on ilicsinio tiiolltiit wild those inslel-
ln In the slate's foinin.il from the ) putitli
( loin tin. vshfili lielinUe'd to tlie stute-t at the
form ition of I lie1 fedci ll CDIiipiie't '
' ' \e have i-aii-rull.v eimlneil the two curlier
cube's In I , niNlunii , Unite el stiti. < \s l.aveitv
ct ill -Ml i HI ll IHi ind IVsbols' i use. ( Marl III
U , which un neil neo u conlruy doctrine , but
vvii c miiot ai-e'i'pt the ie iMinliiK therein te ) tie
sound These eases lusntno us nn uuc'epled
PropiHltlon tint thu admission of u state
in edu the Inhabit mts therc'bf ulUzoni of Un'
I nltud status This H'l-mmptlon belnt ;
ve i r wri i ,
nn ri-ison und vvlthoiit Judk'lui proi-eclent we
do not foot bound to follow it Is n mailer of
common kiionle Ui Unit aliens lusldlim In the
ti rrlioiy uf Nelu i-skii wlm h id eleeluiivl tholr
Intention to become iltl/e'iis of the United
st lies eonipiolud tholi nat uiail/al Ion uftol
Ihe st ito w is idmltlod to the union und those
who tilllioiuh liili.ililtimlsof the ti i ntiitj at
that time , li id mil tin n deel in d tholr Inten
tion lo hn omo cttl/ens of the fulled M itcs ,
after idnilssloa of the slate io poe tlvoly
at tliulr suvei il eonv enluncii proi-redeil to do
elare such Intent Ions hofoic the propel eilll-
ecu and afti i lh uvpli ilion of thu pu scrib
ed ( line to complete tbcli intuiiill/iitlon In
Some em of the eotirls h ix hie jui Is llctlon 1 he
simo prnllee li is unlfonnl } pruvulleil In
olln r slate's so f ir as our know ledije' exti'tids
Ml this would b ive been timie'cens erv If llie'
admission uf the stitu Into Iho union bid the
olroe I of admltltniill aliens lo booninu cltl-
/e us of the Hulled stales
< rvervsndioMs 11 IVis 170 , llurrett vs
Ke-llcy , II IOMIS 4lt , and Opinions eif thet -
lorni'Vs In nor ll \olune II pane ff ! are to
theutUct Unit all poisons who weio cltl/ens
of
Till iihi'UliMU or IH\AS
nl the d itu of Its innex itlcm to the fnlle-d
M xtes bee line citi/ons of the United Mate's hy
v Irlnu of tlmeollee'tlve nut or illit Ion i Itect-
ed by this lit. I hero c m beno doubt ( hat 1 > >
the morKt i of tlm republic of fox i * l.i the
fulled Stales In ISIV. the alle l met' of thu lu
ll ihll mts of l'nis was tr.msfi'ite' 1 to the
! nltod St lies At the tlmuof llie nnneition
of I'os is she vv is in independent lepnbllc and
by thu union of tlu two irovernmi nts the e It I-
/e us of I'e v is hoi ime cltl/e us of thu I lilted
tatis Hut It Is cvliicnt lit it -.111 h doitrino
Is not ipplli able' here foi the n > ison th it tlio
ti rrlioiy of Ne hrnsU iit the time It bee ime u
slate siist mu u un c ntlielv dllli rent relation
to tnu o\i rniac nl of the Unlled stilus tlinn
t lilt of the lepnbllo of I'uxas at the dule of Its
aiini \ itieni
MKVMN ( . nt Till 11IIVI rtTI/EV.
It w is nut supposed by tlm fnmotsof inn
piesent constitution , not the cloitots of the
st Ue wlio voted on Its adoption or lonnthui.
th it tliu iilh n Inh ihll mtsof the I nlli d st ill s
vvhiMvuiu | n the ti rritorj it Ihu dale of its
admission into thu union is .1 si tie hi i ime
the tili/e us of thu I'nited st itos bv such iel-
misslon Acltt/enof thu United * tatus w is
dollnltely nndirstood nnd lice epti'd b.v e'xe'iv
one to be i pe rs in who bui unu by luison of
his hh tli in .1 purs in of foi ol'ii hii th w Im li is
heun duly nutilt all/eel under the pun Islons of
tlio uniform r nheif n it nr illition est ihllsliecl
bvcon/iuss This Is ch'.irly the nn mlnj tli it
should be ils i n to the winds 'eltlon of Uiu
I'nited t ite s " as usud In iC'etlonJ ailii lo . " >
ot the constitution
II Is ullo.'e d in the Inform ition and nlnilt-
ted hv ansnoi tint the lospoiidcnl VMIS an
al un bv birth His origin il st ituK therr-
foio pii'snmed lo i on I In no until the contnuy
liesliown ll.uiii'stein vs I.anhiin lull t s | M
Sullli li nt fuels ue not allr-ri'd in tin answe-i
to show th it hu hoc mio i cltl/un of the f nllcd
stalls two Jens prloi to the Insl KI net el
elect .on Wo uio the-ie foio foieed to t bo con
clusion th it ho wns at the d lie of the ulcctlcm
Ineligible to the ollleo of KOMI nor It Is
proper to st ite In this eoniie tlon Ui it the-
f i 'Is sot un In tin ) msvvoi sli > w tli it the re1-
sponilent Ills fell mini Ji'iis honestly bo-
llevud lie was u olll/en of tlio United st itos ,
und Unit Ids e Iti/Liislilp h id in veil lice n ines- |
tloned pi lor to Noveinbei lust In liulilint ; us
we ilo that hu Is not Ion illv enlltled to e\ui -
clsothe emtles of the ollh D of iiovertioi , we-
ire but clviii foil e und clfi-e t to iplilnpro-
vlsioa of out st ilo constitution , vvhhh we
hive no rijht to dlsre ' ird or icfuse to un-
forcc
IlinilTS Ol- Till III I. VTOII
-t un iv lo thu consider ilion ot the'
iiie' | " 10 n I itor onlilli il to tin' olili u
of - ' < .tul The ib'tuimln ition of thispolnt
Inviilvis llie constriicllon of si'oilons 1 mel 10
of iitiele'iof the uonstltiit Ion. vUileli uioas
follows
"hev t'on ' 1 Tlio uxueutlvo dep ii tinont sh ill
coiislsl of u ovoiaoi , liuutun ml Kovetnor ,
so.Totlill of st itu milltor of piilnleaei ounts ,
tre isiucr , Mipei Intonilunl of public Insttiic-
tlon ittornny KOI.OI il mid e ommlssiom r of
public I mils und bnlldlns who sh ill e ich
hold his olllen for the ) term of tvvoyi us fiom
ihu llrst 1 Imrsd ly and C.ifH M thellrst I'nes-
lay In laninii nu\t aftui his ( iluetion and
until Ills siicuossor K clouted and ouallllcd ,
ole
' SttII ! In casu of the du ith Impn.ii him nt
andnotlci theioof to Uiu ucusi d filluie to
iii | i ifv. iusl 'nation , absent trom the ) st ito 01
ether dis iblllty of Uiu gos oinor , the ) powiis ,
clutlus anil emoluments of thu ollh o tin Uiu
ii'siduu of Uiu tirm.or until the dis iblllty
sh ill In ) lumove'il , shull dusolvu upon thu
lluiitun ml ij'ovuinor '
nil iiovinsoii MOLDS ovi.it
Tlm pioslsloiis of tbu Hist suction iru plain
anil un inihUiinus 11 provides that tin KIM-
einoi sli ill liolil his ollleo for t wo youis .end
until h s siiui e s-s n is ulee ti el md qu illllud '
IfseiLioiil stood ulonc it i onld not be suc
cessfully disputed Unit It w is nut only tliu
pi ivile.'e' liu t the el n ty of Ihu u'ovi i mu to hold
t.iu ollli u until bis siiLues or slnll be duly
oloe tud und qu i Mil e el Phu Pooti'u ' \ s Osbm ne
T Col iil'i , Ills-ell 4' ' ) I'al. , 1C , I'eoplu vs \ \ lilt-
in m 1 1) ) C il , IS , st itus Mnlk'ii II ) liul Iii7 ,
st itu s laisli is Mo. Us , I omiii inwoulth vs
II ml ) . 'I I1 1 , St ill. sin , , ss linkins. II Mu
'il ! , st itos M Mlllni'I uh , IsJ , t in vs
Wilson 11 \ \ \ i , ll'l '
Undei tliu piovlsions of Huetlon ID quotoil
above tinilutii s of tliu olheu of Kiisel not lie -
volve up in Ihu lloiitun mtoveinui in e ui I un
i mlliucit h's iinuniK which ate tbu fallun of
tlie eve I mile lout to im illfy and ilisilillltv
of the u'oveinoi I'ho words otliui ills ihllll > '
as uioel In tin sec tion luivo no K fe'ieni e to In-
uimiiUltv of tin ) person to bu eilee U d tothe
ollUe but we 111 Inlendi d by the fiumeis uf tlm
eoiislitutlon to tinci anv dlsabillti of tin
rfove iiiur nut spue llio illv unnnieialod in Uiu
t-ei tlon oce UU Inrf i flut ( lie i omniencenient of
I s Him of o'lli e riiu fulluio lo e lei I u jov- ;
el mil on icuonnt of the im IlL'lhllll. , of tin
prison ion U In. ; tbu hlirln si niimbei of vote s
tin thu olllco Is not i ells ihillty of thunrov-
I ills section also piov Ides In elToe t th it In
case the purson e > o ted govern ir fills to
iinullfv thu lie nton ml Kovo-nor shall ui I Ity
fillluio iu iimllfv | ' .Is mount f illuto lo 'U i
tlie liond und tul.u Uio o ith of ofllco loijiilrud
by the constitution II wus inlouduil to apply
to a ousi vvliuio a poison pusson-.lnn llm cnn-
stltulloil.il i | u.i II lie I lions lo hold I hiollh u lues
In un ului led , but deus not iiuulify It i m-
nolbe'sild tlmt theiu lius been a fulluic to
qualify \ > hi'iu
NO I'Hisos HAS nir.s n.rtrrrii
This consti u tlem uivis ellucl to Uio I m-
gu i u of MU tlon 7 of ui tlolu * > of Ihu e onstitu-
tlon vslile h piov Idus thai Iho iiovcrnoi sliull
lioUl Ills nllli'e1 "until Ills niiescessoi Is elm li-ll
und quulillud " \\liere Unto Is no piiiMin
ih' ti il llie ioviriioi holdneivor It is u limill-
I u nib ) uoveioliu the const tin tion uf a
ueiniUuilioii. that oiluct If poislblu. must be
Kivcn to all Its piov Islons
A slmlliii iiin .Hun was doe ided bj the eouit
of nppeils or Virginia in i xparlu Kuwlnuiio ,
Pi drat I Hi I hu u pot t of that u IHO hlioWN that
I i me ! * I'lurpont wns olu 'tod an 1 ipialllled as
KOVUHIOI of Unit slate' foi tint term of foul
yi n.fiom Jumiiiy I , l > * t > l On lanuari It ,
isis no siudihoi hivliu boun u'ltted ' 01
iiuallflud. ( .inermil I'l-ipuut iri elite d u full
ami Immeilhilii paidon to lunic's biiw-
heiniP , who vvua tlion Kinllnod in Ihu penile n-
tliiiv uneiur si stnlemo for L'l mil liirc'ony llio
MI pi ilnte'iietcntof Uiu pun tonllnry ri'fuiiid to
rule usu him on llm tfremnds th it I'lornon ! s
luun ofolllio lind evplf d Junnaiy 1 , Ihds
Stiwhorni ) uppliod to tliu court fi/I a vv ill eif
habeas corpus , ,
sue t'on ' . ' 'of ' iii-tlelo 0 of the constitution of
Vlrjlnli provldoslh it JuilKtu and all otlyii
ollliurs , whether uleioluit 01 uiipolntud , lmi
uonttnuo to illieliurKU Un diitlusof their 10-
Hiiuullsu nflleu * . iiflur ihi-li luim of si is leu
husuuKiilrud , until thuli HUOCCHSOIS nro ijunll-
lled "
hui'llon I of iirtlclu 5 of Unit euiist Itutlun
llvo the turm of t'lvornor at foul Jearw , iiiiii-
iiiemnltu on tlm lut day ol January isuue-e u Hut :
his tluel ion. and nm > c him inullclblu to the
s urnulllio foi U , 11 turm uu.xt Miiceeeilln tint
for vvhii h Iu was clue-to I
M- . non s iirosldcs for the uloctloh of u IIDII-
tununt Kuvurnor at ihu .same tlmo mid foi Uiu
same turm an tln < Kovornor.
heetiun U pros Ictus that "In eriseof thu re
moval of tlio 1'uvernor from olllcn or of ills
iloalli. fulluio to iUiillti | In. ill Illy to ills-
oliai'Ku Uiu powers and duties of Hn > ollli u Iho
4uld nllleu. with Hi ximiiunstiUon shrill ib
volvo upon tliu llueiiununt ijovornor , uml Iho
L'uiieral assomhly shall provide by law fur ihu
dlse liuuuof thu uxouutlto functions In other
"
iiucuMiiiry cnuos
The eieiiirt hold Unit thu ounstltullon muilu
It eiljllxatoiy upun I'hrpont tu dl ( hur ii
thueiutlo af thu olllce uf Kuvornor until hK
nuccoHSor wus ( lutilltluel , und Unit the pur Jiui
grantud by him vstis valid.
It 1 InsUttei by counsgl for Iho roapondenit
tlmt Jhayii'rt term uf otlluu \pitud vvhwn
tlnyd wn i tn"le > il ind ii-ml n I Ph. pr 11104 I
thm us-tiinips tin ijuemli ti in ilispn o
WAS HiMP Ul i v n te 11 n
The lniiilrv | Is not win itu r ho M oUol i
plill lilts of voti s bill did h , h ixo tin .infill !
rntloiM to be ole'cte'd'e > h iso alreaily aise n
tvnoiMllvi. inswor In this lie : > cle < l as iiseil la
Ihe ( ( inntltnilon moans the 'liiUHltrit uf u pi r i
sun olltiti | | u hn cliosoii
It I' ariui'il hs counsel ! for the ) tusniuuli nt /
Unit llm it latnrls not eutlUeil to hold the of
II'1" ' Iioi'tiiisei II elm's nut , nppeill' thai IIIroiMlul
tiled vvltlili , ten dus Hiiftci the' time ) vvtion hu
siioi'o-Mor should have iiiallleil ] !
. ' cbupler le , eoinptli'il statutes , ro
I Him ; to iimnls in d mtlis ' re > ads a * follows
Sellout ; \\iion the Im iinitiiMit nf anf -
lil'o N lo-olecle-d , If re ippeilliteHl , III ) slmll elllul
Ify hv lukiiu the null mil itls inn Urn bomU
as ulmvo ellle'iteil , tint when siuli ollluoi It n
hud imhlle funds or propertv In his iHititrol his
lioiids shall not ho ipprovod unlll ho haapio
duee'd and fullv ai counted for such funds nnd
pioporlj , md whore ) II ts ifi'ertulnod tlmt the
liioumhoiit of un ollli'e lioliN OVIT by re a inn of
Un nun-i'le'it on 01 non-appointment of u sn
( essur. or nt the tii'jle ot ol refusal of tlio sin
evisir1niinilif > , he sli ill iuallfy | anmv vvlllmi
t < * ii il ivs ft nm Un' time ut w hii h his sueoosvu
If e li'i ted shuuh ! havi'Uil1llle'il
se i Unu "i pini | , | , . Unit the ollh hi I lionels an I
'iiitlixuf ,11 ( , ni , , ( M t\vi \ u , , | „ , „ toneril ole
tlon - ! ! ill bo Illoel In the- proper olllco on
orlmfiio tin liMt I hniMlav nftor tlie llrst
itioHiiiv In .limiiurv follow IIIB tin e'loitlun
Coition n | u os lih's In suhstaiii e. Hint If i
persini ole te'd eir tipihilnlcil to itn olllco fails
to iliialifv vs it htn the ilnui pros Idud bItivr \ his
ollle'o slmll Ipso facto hiM-ome sue ml. mm Un.
vnc inc > shrill be tilled lij election or appoint-
I'lio piiuHlons of Hc'ctlon IS v ere not In
tondid bv the lotflslutun to apply to a e i-m
win re t hii'iimbent of un iillli'i ) biilils ovei
on ice oiint eif Uio fulluro to cli'ct u sncooss > r
but Inn r lefcreneo toc'ises wlioi-o the > pori ) ti
ole eti'd in u public ollli e has never tuknn tine
o ith iinel Rive u the bond n > ( | iilroil by luw. and
who lius nose r cntori'd upon the dlscharifo of
tin dnl irs of hs | ollli e
HOI D-OV I II OH ItKS
me Koseiind ami eontiidieil hy spot Inn 1
above quotou It ie > iiinis | such an olllcei t i
ipiullfv am w vv thin a spoi llh d time lieu u
is use i iluinerl th it he holds over h.v ri iison of
Un iiuii-i h i lion or non-uppoliitment of a in
ec'ssui or win n tlie sine e > s-.or f ills tociiullfv |
Ascctliiln Is to duel out or li'iiin for a ci i
luinty b ) ti Int. examination or ovpi'rlment
How iiinlil 1'hivor detoimlln tint no su
ie > sut was elinli'iU I he tot mis eif tin )
oliHtlon lit vvhle h u suicessor wus to be elio e u
she ) wed l hul the I ospondont ice ulve'd a pi in ul-
Mof Ilii- vote \\hetlitrliowas o'l'e ' le el eli
pi nils iiuiin wheehor the lOHponiU nl was ill
( . iblntohi elecled ' 1 hut inostum | eulilil be
eletermlnecl only b > juelUlil lniiiliv. | " and
vvlien upon tilnlll Is asi crtiiliiod Unit t"ho ie
later Isoiit tied to hold osnion tu'uiunt of
the InollKlhlllt ) of the dufe iiilunt thu rohvtoi
Is n ( join d lo ipqii illfv Tills con-tit nolle n
Ills ilsus | lle c t to siollnnTiif file .M elf the
code of i iv 11 pun i eliito lelutini ; to pnicoeidln
by ipio ss iriimlo wblih piosides that if
lud.'ini nl In ti ndoiod In favor of snihclnlm-
.int licshull proeeud to e \e'ii isu the fiuutlons
of tlie olllce iflur hu h is iiiulllled | us ioeiihi | d
hv 1 iw "
It follows that tliuimswer falHtostato i
ele'feiisi to l ho Information and the eluiueiiii r
Is snsl lined A luil meiit eif einslci must lie
enti led .11 ; ilnst the ii'sponiie nl.
( olib , c lilef Justice concilis
Ui vinic i , Neb , Mav JJTo the IMitoi of
Tin Hi -Don i Sir \\o have to leiiuost
the public uion of Uiu majoiily supiemo
court decisioi in Iho Tlmvoi-llovd suit in the
Dvin Mu
The under siKiied would rospee tfullv ask
that tlio sumo be published in Tin. IJi.i : at iu
oui h n ditoiis coiivunioiit
S C Smith , Thomas Yule ,
T II Holt , 11 W Davis ,
K K C.riK'K's , i : II Ambler ,
\Villi un U Cov , ( ! 12 ninety ,
L L Sh ittuclt. II ( ! ( Jamlur ,
.i U Pietchoi ,
IIvsiiM.s , Neb , Mav JO To the 1'ditoi of
Tin iiii Don Sir Wo. the undetslj'iied
roadeis and subsciibors 01 join piper , ie
spcctfullv ask that you publish tlio m.ijoiitj
opinion of th(3 supiemu coin t iu tlie "I'litijpi-
tieivcl" cemtobt case in full and oblige Yours
ttuly
Thomas C Ilutst , Leopold I latin ,
I ) L IJnllass , S iM Thompson.
fj Pultun. W Al Olino ,
.1 II riernhi ! , ' , .lacnb I'lsher ,
0 II Dictiich , John Sinker ,
George A Kent , CeorKO Cl me ,
W .1 Talk , lid liloom ,
J , 11 Citictiisoy , 1 .M Stone ,
H A. 1 ? Atkinson , O 1) Burton ,
A tj Claude , AV. . ( Jov ,
.1 Iv Moore , Wild un lliadr ,
Cliinlos U ICepp , r .1 lienullet ,
C O Float tvvoil , Letoy I1 Hi IU
Both the method und rcHttHs when
Syrup of Figs is tnkfMi ; it is plciraiuit
and lefrcshing to the taste , and acts
gently yet promptly on the Kidiiejfl ,
Liver nnd Bowels , cleanses the ss
tern effectually , dispels colds , head
aches nnd fevers iind cuies hubittiiil
constipntion. S } i tip of Figs is the
only remedy of its hind ever pro
duced , plci ; ing to the titslc and no-
ceptahle to the .stomach , pionijit in
its action ! > nd truly heneficiiil in its
effects , prepared only from the moat
honltny und agtecahlo Btibatnnccs , its
many excellent qimlifics commend it
to nil and have made it the most
popular remedy known.
Syrup of Figs is for sale in fiOc
and 81 bottles by all leading drug
gists. Any reliable druggist who
may not Lave it on hand \\ill pro
cure it promptly for nny ono \vhc
wishes to try it. Do not accept nny
substitute.
CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO.
SAN mANCISCO. CAL.
KY. HfW VOKK , N Y
A Wi ition Uunranlcolo
CUIIE EVEHYCASCor
MONCY HCFUNDCD.
our in i < | n nu HI in In in l t lnniii | ' < itn
in Oi J llta J i i eiji Inn 11 v r H n i. lil | I. in
In i ll > ilii , i Imitfi uofillj ) i i" I" " ' ) " I't
mil nil > UKIIUI hi" "li nif | .u l ( lll le > jinn "
Hi . e i n roinihi ro
I i il-ln nfmliilliiKmy ellni .it , mill.- ' unil lll | . / r .llieiiMl lulu
h Ut j . on I In U I hill U I" In i" If f 'II I . mu.
Wu < li lluiiki , tlm irldf i u e w tlml wrM\i K
" Wili.if r full imrlUnln-riuii I
III-SII HY mil not < "m
k l Ihotviil. im Wo km w lint > "U M kki | > li < : il ,
liii-lly B < I leu at Hit m t wiiiliinit pbjrrlilaiwliutii
. ) limn IrnilKjniry ixlli-r
n < irl > i in J.I luloutw more
' tlioMAdlfUHII-DV It
Inoiirllioji iru'l'iiwllo IUi
! IK In ( II Hint 'I Itlelllt tl ) OVlllulllt lilt ) | lltJHd " 11
nirilii mill i all il up ' Ilk * Iliituiidn our Hi roue
i.i i u i.i'uii lioul < l nut liei ltalu In try Uil mmuc' )
1 .ni I ikr mi ilnui n of I whirf juur In ) ov. WD fiiai
uut ut ) . mu 01 11 fun.l i v. i ) ilollir , nnel n wnlian .1
ipuliilli n lit | r Uil iilnii llniilii inl Itukliuof t"O
OKI Itu iioifuilly mifo l.i nil who will try UiBtml
Hunt. llon > l..fnriiuii havi IH.I n | mtliii u | > nli'l puj I"K
oui ) i'irni"iwy rm illirin ntiuuiMiinUuii'l nllleuii.'lt
futiDiuiii tjeii iirul iiuuno Im * rxil'l Imtkyuur if ! it
y I'niiiil ' wi 4u iiiijiniiii. NIMIII j unlll ) " trjrim , Oiil
clirniili' UnimialoltiiiQti ninl In U tu W ( ly 1"
'KilK4ti > uur iiiuiiitUl niuiniunr , uur iuiiiiiuun | <
mslnu ! ( inein VVilluiu for iianitu anil ntljriu * eif
.ItOMi MCI huvu riireil wliu Imvu tclM ti juuiiilJ > ' < > n Iu ro
fir to Hum lit xl * joii i lily | > O IIIKII t" el llil | lt
w ill ivo ) uu n wet lil of until i li'K from mi nt il ! ml"
nml I f ) on iu u nun i luil hat mu/ your air | n Inn uni r
tin on. li ) our uwiim.iUi'iiiw If your yniii | HUUM o
moutb liu . t .in
> uiu llnuiit , luureiuu jmUljiK hi nm.
il liijiHHniiilj Inlshalrfullliiif ' 'Ut , niptliiii nnoi y
lartnftliulxiily , ttelln of iS'iiiral dvinwlun | , I ! '
n liuiul i/r 1 1 in > , juuliavi no llmu lo w tl" rniMJ
whom. HIM Unlly lnklliB In. i < in/ all I I "t 'H'l1"1 "I
Ui ui I nuo It. ( MH ! ml i i i f eht ihurfi l I mill/
I rli .IM. minili .lln ul ' i . in Hi ml lintfullli
urlto , Alii iroKpi n I'luo B nt nl. il In pi iln tnvel
i.i | VV iiuiiotliiMiio trlulil lim iitluitluiiiiiMj will
Iu all 111 i nr | n r I ' ul I > u In II A'Mru.l ,
I < ) < ) ] ( IH Ml ItV < < > , , Ilinnliii ,
Olln I Jill un I lain m , l ' mil II - i ntruiuu Illhl k
Rurrnrlng from
E. I liu . ; "lict 1 > I
. y. iithful urrnri
early elixny. nuxtlnK woiUni m , I nl uilinuil , ole
I will BI n 1 a vnliuJlli. IrmilMi < . iili ill umUlnln )
fullinrtli ulani f r tvtma euro. I'll HI ; if ; rhnrfc"
A M'lt mild mo lie ul work i tn ulil I l.w | liyv U
man ivlm In iprvi.iu un I ilulilllUUiil A tareiri
1'rof. 1' . < . I'll WttKHt OT."IMiMl ! "J
K
nnnllTl HANIMI.WOHII tAt'ntiis > nro ihu
IIII III M fl but nn I only untmului nruoru ii uy
UUUW I tl ruir , | piijTiiUtni fur tliu B ra nl
Uunorhr unil ( lULlmrxoi fruut Uu urluirr
nn. liltij 11 HtjulJi-U II W J > r UuJi Atleln