JL'k TliJiJ OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUiNUAYT JANUARY 25 , 1801.-SIXTTEN PAGES.
IRRIGATION IN NEBRASKA ,
Laws That Must Us Enacted if it is Ever to
Be Made a Success ,
IMPERATIVE NEED OF A STATE ENGINEER ,
Tfie Importance of n Ilrnlnnijrj Map
How Proper IJIIWH Cnn llo Se
cured New Irrigation
AVorks In the Stale.
( Fourth Article. )
The way to the success of the Irrigation
movement In Nebraska lies through the stat
ute book. There must bo a revision of such
icnnty laws as wo have , anil the nd Jltlmi of a
comprehensive .schema of legislation as broad
mid dc.'i.-p as the problem with which It will
deal.
Thus far thcso articles hnvo dealt with the
need , the bcncflta and the history of Irriga
tion , ninl very much yet remains to bo said of
the agricultural and commercial ; aspect s of
It , but It Is Imperatively necessary nt this
point to urge upon the friends of the move
ment and the statesmen at Lincoln tbo need
of legislation that shall lay the groundwork
for success on n grand scale.
One-third of the legislative session Isgono.
The remaining forty days are none too long
for the friends or Irrigation to consider ami
determine what they will ask and to press It
upon the legislature. Furthermore , Wednes
day's convention at McCook , at which it is
hoped the solid-arid region In the southwest
ern part of the atato will bo fully repre
sented , make ) timely a discussion of this
branch of the subject.
The writer has received many evidences , in
letters and newspapers , of the deep Interest
already nwnkoned , This Interest Is by no
means conlluo ; ! to the western part of tlia
slate , tier to thojo who are to bo most directly
bcnclltted by Irrigation. Bolides many en
couraging words from settlers In the aril
regions , letters have been received from Indi
viduals and Qjiiipuiiloi who nro ready to
Invest largo amounts of capital In thcso en
terprises if they can bo shown to bo stable
and prollVihlc. It Is to lie hoped that UIOMJ
wtio have followed the subject ttnis far will
give the sumo o truest attention and support
to this question of legislative requirements ,
which really lies at the root of the whole
matter.
i. Tin : niisiXT : : NCIIIUSKA I.AVS.
Until two years ago Nebraska had no laws
bearing on the subject of Irrigation. Up to
that time It was rcgnrdi" ! as n crlmo to lull-
DPAINAGE MAP OF COLORADO.
Showing the six grand woter basins , resulting from natural watersheds , which ore the basis of
irrigation enterprises in that state.
mate that any portion of this state needed to
resort to artificial moans to supplement the
rainfall. Kveu then such an Intimation was
thought to bo a reprehensible vice , and only
since the heavy hand of calamity has been
laid upon a do/.en or moro of our western
counties has the Intimation been seen In the
light of a virtue.
The laws enacted In 1SSO deal only with
water rights and the right-of-way for ditches.
The most that can bo suld of them Is that
they represent a first stop In thu right direc
tion. Under their provisions tlio water In
natural streams can bo appropriated and con
ducted to lands conveniently situated. On
tlioso points the law Is quite full and is In
tended to secure lair treatment to all. It Is
defective In some respects , however , anil as
n wtiole inadequate to the demands of the
subject If n systematic effort shall over Do
made to develop the vast region lying between -
tweon the 100th meridian and tbo 'Wyoming
boundary. Ono of thu defects of the law is
the adoption of the square Inch ns the unit of
measurement Instead of the cubic foot , und
another Is the dellnltlon of the rights of ri
parian proprietors.
Sjtnco need not , however , bo given to a dis
cussion of the defects of our present laws ,
slnco they will doubtless bo repealed , and
much moro extensive and comprehensive
laws enacted In their stead , when Nebraska
decides to take hold of irrigation In earnest.
II. A SYSTKM Or APMINISTIUTIOX ,
If Nebraska Is to begin now to follow in ttio
steps of Colorado , New Mexico , Utah , Cali
fornia and otber states and territories , mak
ing the most of her natural water supply and
turning her arid acres Into fertile ga dens ,
farms and orchards , she must llrst provide a
system of administration. She must ascer
tain how much water Is available and how
far It can bo mndo to go. When comprehen
sive laws have been provided , she must have
competent men to enforce thorn , as she docs
In other departments of her government.
Fortunately , Colorado Is our next door
neighbor Colorado with her soil nrd climate
of similar character , with prosperous Irriga
tion enterprises In operation , and with pro
gressive and well-seasoned Ideas which wo
may pattern after.
The governor of Colorada recently
appointed Messrs. E. L. Wells ,
T. C. Henry und J.S , Greene
us a commission to make n complete revision
of the Irrigation laws. Their report , which
has just been presented , Is probably the best
guide for Nebraska which could bo compiled
even If wo were to appoint a commission to
study the subject Inuopendontly. Colorado
already had extensive laws , but whnn the bill
reported by the commissioners has been enacted -
acted It will probably have the best legal
basis for Its development In irrigation to bo
found in the statutes of any stato.
About two-thirds of Colorado , or ( V ,000
square miles , is onon to Irrigation , the rest
being mountain land , while the field of oper
ation * In Nebraska nt llrst would probably bo
about thlrty-olglit thousand square miles ,
The ilrat essential for successfully
Krnppllng with the problem in this
state would bo the appointment
of a state cuglnncr. Under his direction ,
here , ns In Colorado , the semi-arid regions
would have to bjdivided Into water districts
or basins. In Colorado thera are six of thcso
grand districts , and sixty-seven smaller di
visions , They nro naturally divided by the
water-sheds , and no great scheme of Irriga
tion can bo planned until thay are scientifi
cally determined. This matter will bo ampli
fied a little further on.
In Colorado the state engineer is appointed
by the governor and receives a salary of
91,000 n year. Iloinny appoint one or moro
mslstmitS , who receive $10 a day when ac
tually employed. In Colorado , also , they
hnvo superintendents of Irrigation
nnd water commissioners In each of the
district ! to sco that the laws are rigidly compiled -
piled \\ltb. Hut there the work Is so much
further advanced that n much larger nil-
inlnistrativn force Is required than will bo
necessary lu Nebraska for n long tlmo to
come. It Is probable that n good live state
engineer , win know his business and wta
thoroughly Imbued with enthusiasm for his
state , would bo able to attend to this branch
of the subject In Nebraska with llltlo as
sistance. He must , however , bo a man
thoroughly expert and thoroughly ex
perienced In this line of work , nnd the salary
provided .should 1)3 stifllclcnt to command the
highest order of ability.
It would bo thu duty of the state engineer
to Ilrat determine the natural water districts
and the extent ami nature of. the supply.
He would then supervise the construction of
nil canals and illtchcs and see that the work
was done In compliance with the statutes as
well us the laws of engineering. This mat
ter Is of the hitrhost Importance. Some very
peculiar ditches have been constructed In Ne
braska by men whoso enthusiasm exceeded
their knowledge of engineering , as well as
by rascally contractors. Hy this means n
great deal of money has been wasted and
water ruthlessly run off without regard to
the needs of tlio territory to bo covered , or
the limits of the precious supply.
Successful Irrigation on a largo scale Is Im
possible without the services of a competent
state engineer. To attempt to go further
with the work without such assistance Is
like putting out on a stormy sea without a
compass.
in. I.BT'S IIAVH A DKUV.UII : MAP.
If every man who rends this article had a
copy of 1'art II , of the report of the state en
gineer of Colorado for ISiS , with its carefully
drawn anil handsomely Illustrated diagrams ,
ho would say with me , "Lot's have a drain
age map. "
The map accompanying this article Is nec
essarily but a feeble reproduction of the largo
coloredlump In the report referred to , but it
convoys the idea. It shows the six grand
divisions or basins formed by the natural
watersheds , the principal streams and their
direction , nnd the general features of the
country with which irrigation must deal. A
similar map of the half of Nebraska lying
west of the 100th meridian would give our
people and legislators their lint real view of
the opportunities for Irrigation In this stato.
Such a map , as has been said , Is in fact la-
illspcnsabloto thodovelopmontof the subject.
Ucsldes the largo map mentioned , the Colorado
rado report contains a largo number or.mups
and diagrams of various water districts , or
portions of districts. These furnish the best
testimony cto the immense development
already secured In Colorado. They show not
only all the small nnd largo streams and local
water-sheds , but also the various canals and
ditcties in operation. It Is Inspiring to look
nt them , nnd to seoto'whnt.a degree of perfec
tion the administration of Colorado's irriga
tion Interests has been brought.
Another very valuable feature of the report
Is the graphical presentation of the aally
moan discharge , In cubic feet per second , of
the principal streams In the state from March
to November of the last four or live years.
When It is possible to write to Lincoln and
obtain n state report showing every water
basin , every water shed , and the
capacity of ovcry stream In the soml-
arld region , we shall have the means of mak
ing Irrigation in Nebraska n success.
The bill reported by tbo Colorado commis
sion , besides tlio features already mentioned ,
makes provision for the following :
The appropriation , distribution nnd use. of
water.
The construction and maintenance of Irri
gation works nnd stowgo reservoirs ,
The condemnation of lands for the site and
way of such works.
Regulating the appropriation of subtoran-
can waters nnd the management of artesian
wells.
Adjudicating lights nnd prlorltto ; of those
diverting or storing water for Irrigation.
Defining the domestic uses of water.
Prescribing the duties and liabilities of the
carriers of watcrnnd the rights ot consumers.
Fixing the maximum rate to bo charged
consumers.
Authorizing owners nnd patrons of ditches
to ogreo for the rotation of water among
themselves ,
Prohibiting unlawful Interference or ma
licious Injury to Irrigation works.
Providing penalties for the violation of the
laws and means for their enforcement ,
iv , now ciuNons is THE LAW CAN HB on-
TAixnp ,
How nro th'o comprehensive lows essential
to Nebraska's irrigation development to bo
obtained I That is the live question that
must first bo solved before any or the bene
fits of tbo movement can bo realized ,
If the present legislature does not enact
the necessary laws there can bo
no lubitautlal progress for the next
two years. On the other hand , If
the present legislature gives the state luo
benefits of. the now laws of Colorado , Irriga
tion will bo far advanced before the next
senate and house assemble at Lincoln in 1SWI.
It Is necessary for the friends of the move
ment k > take steps at once to prepare ntid present -
sent a draft of such n hill as they
will push before the present legislature. The
report of the Colorado commission should bo
the basis of such a bill. Southwestern Ne
braska will bo well represented nt Wednes
day's convention nt McCook. Another con
vention to got the sentiment of the big
western counties , might well bo convoncj nt
Sidney within n fortnight. if
those two conventions will ap
point committees , to consider the
report ef the Colorado commission nnd draft
o bill for presentation to the legislature , there
Is ovcry reason to bellcvo that within the
next sixty days Nebraska can have upon her
statute books the most progressive legisla
tion for the encouragement of Irrigation pos
sessed by any American stato. And when
that has been accomplished the battle has
been half won.
Very likely It will bo thought necessary to
fortify the report of such a committee with
petitions from the western hall of the state
urging tbo enactment of tlio bill. If so , no
time Is to bo lost in preparing and circulating
thcso petitions.
These considerations nro of the utmost im
portance to the friends of Irriga
tion and should rucclvo Immediate
thought and action. If the arid lands could
be Irrigated with mere talk they would
doubtless bring forth abundantly nt the next
harvest time. Hut unfortunately talk Is only
valuable to the purpose when transformed
Ir.to laws , Into capital nnd , finally , Into the
translucent water that makes the desert
smile. Therefore , let us get laws , nionoyand
water , nnd lay the foundation for prosperity ,
v. NKW usTnuiMitsr.s UNIICU WAV.
The Goring Courier criticise. } these arti
cles on the ground that they have not done
entire Justlco to Scott's Hind county , having
failed to mention all the ditches
now In operation or under cointempla-
tlon. This shortcoming was an oversight ,
for which amends nro gladly inido this week ,
it may bo well to remark , however , that this
Is the tlmo when nil friends of Irrigation
should stand loyally together nnd work for
the great ends In view , and when
neither tlmo nor strength should
bo wasted In criticising anybody who
Is doing his level best to
develop thu arid regions.
Of. tbo enterprises now under way in
Scott's ' Bluffs the Courier has this to sny ;
"While wo do not pretend to mention nil
our Irrigation enterprises , It Is enough to
show that irrigation is our mainstay , nnd
that wo will bo in a position to laugh a t
drouth and dry years In a very short time.
Aside from the live canal s the Farmers ,
the Mutual , the Mlnntarc , the Kntcrpri.su
and the Wintori crook which have already
inado crops hero , there nro now in actual
construction the Costlo Hock and Mitchell
ditchoi , with the Bolmout , the king of them
all , -JJJ tndoj lit length , a certainty , nna the
T.irry.xll and the Highland , each organized
for Dusiii333 on the north side , nnd of
scarcely less importance than the Dolmont. "
Of another Interesting possibility the Cou
rier also says : "Thoro Is a strong probabil
ity that the artesian well system of irrigation
will recolvo n trial In Scotti UlulT county b3-
fore long. A comp.mv of substantial farmers
lu Uoso prpslnct has bon formed , consisting
of Messrs. I. N. Uoio , Theo. D. Doutsch ,
Richard BcobsV. . Warner nnd D. Bowlen.
They are In correspondence with a firm who
stipulate to put down an eight-Inch artesian
well , guar.intsa a flow for a C3rtalu price erne
no piy. The trial will bo ma lo at the south-
woatcarnorof l2-3)-53 ! ) , where tb/j lay of the
land Is such that a fall can 1)3 so jurod In all
directions and over the forms of the Interest
ed gontlotnon. This Is something now In this
viclnlty.nltnougtrit has been discussed n great
deal , and the ojLp3rimor.t will bo watched
with absorbing interest. "
A very hopaful i'idlc.UIo.i ' of Interest in
Irrigation develop imti In the northwostar n
partof thostatj conas frvn Dr.vaj couuty ,
and Is , wo bollovo , tha first undertaking of
the kind m that suction. Of this nuttor the
Mnrsland Tribune speaks ns follows :
"Tho Maryland irrigation and Improve
ment company was organize. ! Wednesday
With the following Inco.-pDr.itOH : L. Snow ,
IJ. II. Miller , J. \Vuo3lor , it. B. Grot. % C.
II. Htchey.T. Lyons and Gjor3'o E. Austin.
The capital stock Is SIOO.OJJ , divided Into
shares of f 10 o.ich. Of the to-npojury or
ganization L. Snow Is pwUdont and Gjorgj
Austin sec.rotary , The d ly of the or-ranlza-
tlou Secretary Aiutln uotlllo.l Knglnoer
Burke that his sorvlojs would bo oalloJ Into
requisition by the company to run a pre
liminary survey for the purpjao of toUIng
the practicability nnd feasibility of a ditch on
the north side ot tha river , Mr. Btirno Is an
experienced surveyor , his specialty being on
irrigation work. It is to b3 hoped that the
preliminary work will bo pushed forward as
rapidly as possible , so that the question of
the irrigation of the country tributary to
Maraland will bo settled satisfactorily. "
Next week's article will deal with the pos
sibilities of the soail-arld wtflon whsu Irri
gation is established , of the population It can
maintain , the crops it can raise , the cities
that will spring up , the rallroids that will bo
required to moot the now demands of largo
so'.tlemcut nnd assured tires purity.
WILLIAM E. SUYTIIK.
Tlio Absorbing Aborigine. ,
AViP J'or/J / llcralil.
"Then , " said Mr , Tenderfoot , thrilllngly ,
describing bis western advonturoj , "tho In
dians stele upon us ! "
"And what did they dol" breathlessly
nsked a friend.
"Then they gradually stele oycrythine
else ! "
WILL HELP HIE LABORERS.
a
i
Extension of the .lira Limits n Boom to
Brick Maker ? nnd Layers.
OMAHA'S BRICK A STONE AGE IN SIGHT.
11
Tlio Supply of lirloks on liniul mill
tlio Demand iur Lnrjco Intlc *
pciiileiitYiu-ils 1
IJHbur News.
The bricklayers of Oinntia nro in unu'iial
peed spirits , In anticipation of n prosperous
season in thulr lino. Moat ot them view with
Brent pleasure tlio recent extension ot Uiollro
limits , iirgtiliiK thnt It will result In tlio erec
tion of inoro brlclc nntl struu buililliitjs next
season , tlmn over beforo.
In speaking upon tills .subject , n RcnUetmui
who occupies n high place in labor circles
said yesterday : "This question has been
discussed at tlio meetings of till the labor un
ions held during tlio past two months and
Is now tlio universal opinion Hint with tlio
opening of sprlnir ncoplu will bo brought to
roallzo that tlio" year b'Jl will bo tlio brick
and stone npi for Omaha. Ttio reason is
simply this : Years before people could bullU
with wood , niul while it win some cheaper nt
11 m start It was ruinous to skilled labor. Our
uotlvo building scusons broiiKlit cnrpcnters
hero by tlio score , many of them the poorest
kind of workmen mid before tno season was
half over the scale of wages wont down to n
point where thcro was scarcely n living ,
"Of course tlio extension of the
of the llro limits will not keep those men out
of the city , but It , win drive them to the out
skirts , for If n mau puts up n $10,01)0 ) resi
dence ho will ompioytmly the best and moat
skilled mechanics.
"Tho season will open with 10,000,000 of
brick on hand und In the yards. Now this
will bo only n starter , and the result will bo
that early In the spring you will see some
1 ill-go corporations go Into the business and
put up some nmminoth kilns.
"U'o want to got the manufacture
of brick out of the hands of
contractors In order that there may
may bo some active competition. This will
not ouly help the builder , but It will help tlio
brickmakcr.s who nro employed on the yards ,
for as it Is at the present , time , a contractor
Hilda out about how ninny buildings ho will
Kot , ntul after burning enough brick to com-
plcto Ins contntbt. stops for t.ho season. With
the yards in the haiuts of Independent com
panies , from llfteeu hundred to two thousand
men will be given employment during the en
tire season nt wages ranging from Jl.50 to $ i
per day. ,
"Heturnliig to the subject of building brick
stores and dwellings , 1 want to say that the
cost Is from 10to'J , > percent moro'than when
people build with wend , but nt the end often
years llguroing the cost of repairs , brick is
the cheaper. Cities In the cast Inivo tried
this und It Is not a theory , but a fact.
"One thing I am afraid of and that is that
during the early part of the season wo may
experience some diftlculty In getting enough
men to do the work , but this dilllculty will
soon bo overcome. Wages will remain
thosamo us last season , f > U cents per hour ,
with a nlno-hour day. Some of the bosses
may attempt to lower the scale , but It will be
impossible , as Omaha is the strongest union
town in the country and wages are bound to
remain linn.
"Somo people nrsu'o that as most of the
buildings ou Inside property will bo of lire-
proof material , It will lessen the demand for
carpenters , but I think this is u great mis
take. It is true that ! carpenters ito not /I nil
as much work in do upon brie'c ' Uft'ld
hies us upon < rra vn. imt it roiiuf&i
a bettor class ol workmen , and "ns'tno-wrork
is more particular , they will gain much in
the length of time emploved. And again , on
the outskirts of the city , any number of
frame buildings will bo erected , so in the
end I think the lire limits ns extended will
prove a benefit to all classes of mechan
ics In tin } city. " .
IJriokinnkers1 Convention. \
The fifth annual convention of the National
brick manufacturers' association of North
iVincrica convened In Indianapolis , Iiul. ,
Monday of last week and was attended by
100 ! delegates , almost every state in the union
being represented. The llrat day of thn con
vention was devoted to receiving the visitors
and assigning them to their respective hotels.
Tuesday the convention assembled in the
board of trade hall , where T. B. McAvoy of
Philadelphia , the retiring president of "tho
association , snoko substantially as follows :
"Brickinnklng Is one of the largest and
most Important industries in the country.
There is scarcely a brunch of constructive
work in which the bricknmkcr is not Inter
ested and his product has a universal use
equalled , probably , only by Iron and steel.
Tno delegates who are present at this con
vention will represent a working capital of
something over $50,000,000. They meet for
the purpose of exchanging ideas anil opinions
relative to their business for the general
good. Until the beginning of the last decade
brtckmaklng had made less progress than any
other industry of Importance. liricUs were
made by hand and in the sanio way and by
practically the sanio method as hi the time of
Pharaoh. Then the ago of brickmaking ma
chines was ushered In. b'ut still the industry
made slow progress , owing to the lnui { of co
operation among the craft. An Indianapolis
man would spend thousands of dollars in ex
periments and inventions , only to learn a lit
tle later , perhaps , that a man In St. Louis ,
Chicago or Omaha had arrived at the same
result n year before. The need for concerted
work anu organisation became Imperative.
Then the National brick manufacturers' asso
ciation came into existence , and since its or
ganization the industry has made marvelous
strides anil the business has been almost re
volutionized. "
In the convention Omaha and Nebraska
wore represented by Richard Smith , ox-
prcsident of the builders' exchange of this
city.
Tuesday evening the election of , oftlcors
was ncld and resulted in Justus C. Aunms of
Indianapolis being elected president and
lilchard Smith of Umaha llrst vice president.
On Thursday , the last day of the conven
tion , the members Indulged in an excursion to
Marion and other pointswliero many of tliom.
for the ilrat time , witnessed the process of
drying and burning brick with natural gas.
The ICnlglilH In Hawaii.
Wo have just organized -'Aloha'1 assembly.
The nprno is a native one and signlllcs love ,
friendship , and , In fact , everything good.
Owlue to my Inability to absent myself from
my work ( I am foreman on ttio Httlo railroad
hero ) , I had to advertise the meeting , writes
J. 13. Shoahaii , who recently went to Honolulu
lulu , Hawaiian Isliiifds , In the Interests of
the Knights of Labon cause. The hall was
secured for us by oiip of the ofllccrs of the
road , who Is also a mam bar , I am told , of
the Oddfellows' ledge where we held the
meeting. I am not rfliu'h of a speaker , but ,
after reading the ganor.il master workman's
requirements of knighthood and the declara
tion of principles , Brother Townscnd ad
dressed the meeting briefly , and I , ns well as
I was able , oxplntqcd'tho alms and objects of
the order. Thenfi , , .called for signatures on
charter application'.and a sufllclcnt number
responded to select all ofllcor3 , and , being
personally acquainted with all but two , I
think there Is n good future la store for
Algha assembly. An assembly was badly
wanted. There is not a lion law ticro worth
the paper it Is written on. There Is no boiler-
inspection law , Nolthor captains , mutes ,
nor , in fact , marine engineers , undergo an
examination as to qualification. I am In
formed that a Chinaman Is ut the present
time playing engineer on one of thu
small craft. Ho Is cheap , and that , of
course , Is In his ( or rather his employer's )
favor. The Chinese are 120,000 strong hero ,
and now hold 11 per cent of the
drivers' licenses , 19 per cent of the dray
licenses , 'JO per cent of the butchers'
licenses , 2 : 4' per cent of the wholesale mer
chandise licenses , ! > 3 per cent of the hack li
censes , 38 iicr cent of the horse hiring li
censes ( hired saddle horses ) , fi7 per cent of
the wholesale spirit licenses , ivj par cent of
the retail merchandise licenses , b-1 per cent
of the victualizmg licenses , W per cent of thu
] K > rk butchering , liu per cent of the pastry und
cake business. There are at the present time ,
according to the voters' registry , 700 me
chanics und skilled laborers of Hawaiian and ,
foreign Llrtb , and about tlio sumo number of
Chinese competing with their. If you want
n bouse , n wagon , n table or n horseshoe
iniulo. .lohn is right thcro ; and If you wIMi to
invest In n buiidny-KO-to-incotliig-pulr-of-
troiiierloous go teen KnglNh or Ucritmu
tailor , and , ten chances to one , when they
come homo you will llnd the shop mark in
hieroglyphics on the wulst-band. You pay
Mr. Tailored ; thoheathcn gets li for making
them. It is a surprise to me to sec these men
making all kinds ntul styles of ladles' and
children's under and overwear , and the wives
of laborers und mechanics tell mo they can
buy them cheaper than they could make
them , fsext In number come the Portugese ,
numbering 1,000 ! ! , 00 per cent of whom can
neither rend nor write , but they nro withal n
moral , industrious and law-abiding people.
They arc not Portugese proper , but come
principally from the colonies of that nation
In the islands oft the African coast. Next
come the Japanese , 11,000 in number.
They nro hard-working mid Intelligent ,
hating their 'fellow-Asiatic with a strong
and 1 presume a holy hatred. Unllko the
colcstiiu , the .lap copies all the American hab
its and customs , qveu to getting drunk and
drubbing the police. The representative of
their government hero looks keenly after
their interests , and they themselves offer a
determined resistance to anything like bad
treatment. The native population has not
made the progress their natural Intelligence
and line educational faculties might lead n
stranger to think they would. In fact , with
the exception ot the mlxcd-liloods , they cut
no ilgun ) In the trades , commerce or the pro
fessions. They number forty or forty-live
thousand , but the loose state of morals and
the strong weakness they acquire for sand
paper gin Is decimating them fur more
( julckly and sure than the dreadful leprosy of
which you rend so much about. The cllmato
Is something line ; In fact , It approaches the
equable temperature of San Ulogo , Cal.moro ,
nearly than any other place 1 have lived in.
It may not bo so cool in winter , but during
the summer the trade winds blow steadily
and coolly. Wages hero are not on a very
fixed basis. Mechanics receive from & 1.M to
f t.f > 0 pordny. Unskilled labor Portuguese ,
Knnnkn , Japanese or Chinese $1 to Sl.fil ) per
duy. Mechanics' hours , nine ; unskilled
laborers nine also : eight liours on Saturday.
Average cost of board and lodging ( weekly )
for Americans and Europeans , ftU > 0 ; Port
uguese und native ? , f3 ; Japanese about the
same or a trlllo loss. Of John Chinaman's
fare or Its cost 1 cnn get no information ,
National /VnHoolntimi ol' MnoiluUtH.
At the last meeting of Omaha ledge No. til ,
National Association of Machinists , the an
nual election of ofllccrs was belli with the
following results : Master machinist , J. B.
Davis ; foreman , Charles V. Seaton ; record
ing secr'jturyA. H , Homiovicr1. ! ! ) ! ! California
street : lluanclal secretary , M. I ) . llouck ;
treasurer , J. U. Hadllcld ; statistician , Clcorge
II. Lewis ; conductor , Charles Kodgcrs ; in
side sentinel , William Marnctto ; outside sen
tinel , J. S. Dodsworth ; cimplnln , William
Ililgardiier ; postmaster , J. W. Davis.
Tlio regular meetings of tno order
nro held on the second and fourth
Wednesday of each month at Onto
City hull. The order is In a nourishing con
dition , with a rapidly increased membership.
which is largely duo to the untiring efforts ol
Harry E , Huston , the deputy grand mas tor
machines t.
Typographical
This year the convention of the Interna
tional .Typographical union will bo held in
Boston , the date being the second Monday in
Juno and ns Omaha is entitled to two dele
gates thcro is being on active campaign
waged for the position. At this time the fol
lowing ; candidates nro in the Held : Frank
( Fanny ) L. Sherman , W. C. 13oyer , William
Maxwell and Arthur Pickering. The election
to select the delegation will bo held on
Wednesday , March 25 , between the hours of
noon B. " " " -nil MI. .
Ijabor Noics.
The bricklayers'union In Wilmington , Del. ,
will , It Is stated , .soon demand ! . " > cents per
hour from the contractors. Forty-two cents
are now paid.
L. A 170'i New York city , has sent out cir
culars asking other labor organizations to de
mand ot ttio legislature that the factory in
spection laws bo Improved.
About three hundred and fifty irirls em
ployed hi the J. 1C. Pine factory of the Uni
ted States shirt and collar company in Troy ,
N. Y. , have quit work , owing to dissatisfac
tion with a new schedule of rates.
The sanitary pottery prefers mot last
wee'.i In Trenton , N. J. , and unanimously re
jected the manufacturers' reduction of
wages. The men claim that there ought to
bo an increase instead of reduction.
The labor organization of Switzerland
nsked the government of that country to in
crease the annual appropriation for tlio labor
bureau to $4,000. The bundcsrath oppos d
the Increase , but It was granted by tlio nu-
tloualratb.
The Scottdalo rolling mills and pipe works
and the Charlotte furnace at Scottilalo , Pa. ,
havoshutdown indefinitely. One thousand
men nro thrown out of employment. Next
week the Frlck coke company will close
1,200 ovens in the vicinity.
In England the monthly duos in the Book
binders' union uro J1 ' , and n man Is entitled to
Si.frf ) a week when out of work and 2 cents a
mile f or every milo ho travels In search of em
ployment , until ho has drawn 10 , when ho
can get no moro for a year.
In London the hack drivers hlro the im
proved hansoms for 111 shillings ( ft per day ) ,
except during "tho season , " when the owners
exact a guinea per day , a trillo over ? . " > . The
liiro for two passengers for a drive of n
couple of miles is 23 cents ; by the hour it is
( i'J cents.
According to the labor statistics of Mis
souri , Just published by Commissioner L.CO
Mcrlweather , It appears that where giris and
boys nro largely emnloyed In that state the
average wages of men iiro less than ? 1 per
day , while , where there are no children em
ployed , the average Is about $ i.r > 0.
Plttsburg tilcmakers will ask eight hours
on June 1. They recently decided that nil
journeymen members of the Mosaic and
Encaustic tile-layers' union shall receive not
less than 1 a day. Helpers shall receive
Sl.fiO a day for the llrst year , $1.7.1 a day for
the second year and 3 n day for the third
year.
year.A
A telegram from Pittsburg says that thirty
coal mines along the Mononguhola river are
now Idle on account of the strike lor an ad
vance of4 cent per bushel in the price of
mining. About three thousand men ore out ,
and the strikers claim thu strike will bo gen
eral in n few days. The operators say they
will not grant tfioadvanco.and have arranged
for an indcllnlto suspension of operations.
A telegram from Buffalo says that Ocnoral
Superintendent Hell of the Western New
York & Pennsylvania railroad has granted
its firemen an advance of a little over 10
per cent In wages , equalized the rights of the
llremen , made provision for impartial trials
on all charges , und guaranteed full pay for
the ttmo they remain suspended or dis
charged when nn Investigation shows that
the men are blameless.
A dispatch from Augusta says that Labor
Commissioner Matthews has completed Ids
statistics about the abandoned farms in
Maine. Out of the ftO'.l cities , towns and
plantations In the state returns were received
from -IU7 , and the number of abandoned
farms reported aggregated IJ10. : There nro
ill ! ) returns which report ono or more aban
doned farms , while IS I report none. The
total acreage of these farms is U5lJlj ; , and
they are valued fur taxation ut $ l,2-ib,7UV ) , an
average of f l.'J'.t on acre.
A joint conference of the coke operators
and miners' representatives of the ( 'onnells-
vllle region was held In Scottdalc last wouk
to consider the demands of the minors , The
latter asked an eight-hour duy , weigh scales
erected ut all tipples , and n total repudia
tion of all non-union nicn In tbo region. The
coke Intcrcsu were largely represented , and
refused daily to even consider the man's
demands , pleading the lute reduction in coke
and the depressed state of trade as an ex
cuse. Tlio employers will nave until Feb
ruary 0 to decide.
lifHe killerssoiled ffer ? ! tui
dicb kiovy\V ( tlo do ;
old friend
_ , , < § > OAPn
T Tf *
lillle
Qulck > v
"Were as brigty- d soft &s
SANTACUAUS SOAP-MADE ONLY BY
N.K.FAIRBANK&CO. . - * CHICAGO.
Dr.FJLDILll
m PI
OMAHA , NEB.
. govern ! months location nii'l ' practice In
Omnlin , Dr. IMIIInKt Imi catni'il nn i-nvlnblu ii'iiuta-
tlini niiiuiiK thuliimilrcilH of dtlruiH who Mpplli'il to
him almost im .1 list roaurt. : uul fotillil In hlxrklllful
! ! iliil trnUuM8 iliu full realization ( if liopu Ionic ile-
ft'rrrd.
Ilvli porinnncritly locntcil anil lia I lie ln > . t np-
I olntiMl a nil iniwl ronvi'iik'ntly loniUMl i > lij ldim's j I
( iltlcu and ruct > ptlun moms In Oiimlm.
Tlio nick will Mini In Dr. DMIInipn true physician ' I
nnila nyinpathctli' lilcntl and mU'lMT.
Kur the treatment of tlio following named < ll oi os
Dr. lllllni. ) < IIH.I prurim himself puB-ieMCd of mo a
unusual U1I.
EAD THIS.
A Godsend .to Those Compelled to
Artificial Teeth.
risWle Elastic
THIN , TOUGH AND LASTING.
The following nlijuc'1Ions loan nrtlllrlnl dcntimi obviated by using tills plain : Tlio fooling
that your inuiilh is too full. Tlmt Inmiitis wiisutlon usually uccompuiiyliiR u rulibi-r pluto ,
Tlio IniiKMllini'iit lo spi'coli mill Hinging. Tlio Imperfect adaptation to tlio niiiiitli , mill man/
other objuutlons too numerous to mention. Thu only pluco to gut tills pli : to n from
DR. BAILEY'S ,
Offices Third Floor of Paxton Block. Omaha , Neb.
Take elevntor nt 10th Street entrance. Telephone 1O80
LOOK ! $50
MONTEKEV AND MKXICAN OUI-K n. n. runs dingoimiiv across the
> . Males cif ( 'ouhnlln , Nuiivii Leon and TnnmiillpaH , Old Mexico , from
\Honi'dlto lo the port uf.Tiunpleoi Ills known as tlm
TAMPICO ROUTE
And deslro to nilupt n Triido Murk Inrnrporiil Int' tlil.s title
7PIFTY DOLLARS :
Will bo paid fprlho bost. design reeulved by the nnderslgnca during the next thirty days.
i T\ /T"\TDT A. . NT Uonur.il Freight ami I'nssoirji-r Agt. . ,
J. L ) . OvJtJJ-jA.iN , MONTHUKV , MEXIOO.
Itiiii Insf _ Coupiy.
Losses Paid in 72 Years
$66,271OOO.
ASSKT8 JANUAHV 1 , 1SI ! ) ,
Cnsli Cnnltal * 4,000,000 00
.Iti-survc , ru-lnsiinini.'O [ Ilii'l LVX'O , VJ
Hi-sort o , ro-hisiiranco [ Inland ] . . . . 2.V.U7 18
Unsurvii. unpaid loisus tHml " ( " 'llii " '
Itosoivc , unpaid losses [ Inland ] . . . . 7.177 81
Otlusr claims W-MJO (15 (
Not Surplus : i.S ' . ' .77Q K
Total assets H M" > ' , W 01
"AS rou.ows : "
Ciifh In hank ' 77ViV > "I
Cath Illliiinilsof Ax'unts .7)0.817 ) III
Kcul Krtuto SJ7.W.OOO
Umiisnn llonil and MorlKago. . . . ( . -JiLOdO 00
l.imiiHou collnttinil : _ C7d W
StiiukHiuiil lldiids 8R.ViM)0 ) 0)
Accrued Interest ! " < i-0
Total Absots 10 , . - > 7IU7 01
Northwestern Branch Office ,
OMAHA , NEB. j
W. \VYMAN. . Ofiicral Agent.
C , \V. I'OTTlCH. ' Ass't Gun'l Asunt. |
Agencies at all principal points. Murpliy fc
Lovutt , Agents , Oinalia. Persons Si llcrry.
Agents , Koiitli Oiniiha
GONSUMPTBOH.
1 have a potitlva rt'nifdy ( ur the at > ov di * < * aMi [ hy Hi
Ufcn thouBAndi of ctkes of thn wcirfct kind and of lone
rUndinn hatu l > rrn cured , Indwd itlronx I * my faltli
In lt > fOicacy , tint I will nenilTUOIunTI.1.8 rnLf , rllb
aVAI.UAIII.K TItKATIHi : on tlil dUea e tuinr oul.
fervr wbu williwDdma their l ipirai and I'.O.addrttRa ,
T. A. Wlocuni , .1I.O. , 181 I'rarl Ht. , N. Y.
FRENCH SPECIFIC.
A POSITIVE ndpirmintnt CURE lor all
dlitiuiollheURINARY ORGANS. Curcl
Mhero other Ireitmont fallt , FulTdirtctiontwllh each
bollle. Price , one dollar. See tlgnilureol E. U
STAHL For Bale By All Drugglsti.
fAT.VUUHllill M iMof thr.nt nnl nrm Cn-
tnrrliliii'HWt > rl hP < tin Mood mi I uurvui , iiroduclnf
iloMllty. ili'cny nnd ili'dlno.
m'SI'KPHIA-Aiul nil Iho nlmoi of Indication
llvi-r trouble , ttiiln'rfrct Mmlinthm nnd nutrition.
KII > NiVlISriASK4 : limit ilppplrhiK anil In.
Million * . Symptom * hnrd to ri'Ciuiilto hy Ilio | u tlenU
often lend to faint brluhl * dln'ii < o or illnbotei ,
'IIHUASMS OK THH IIUIOI ) - Illooil polionlntf ,
iirroriilii , eryslpolai , nnd dl.un-iuj mentioned huru-
nfier.
AUi SKIN IHSKASKS-Krroini , snlt rln'uiii , Vnrl
oln , iilcjrn , t'llH-rcli-i , Kcrc.fiiln , lui" * ! ' . mntldr pnlnr
< iftlnt > ikln , iilmnli'i. niul dlsi-aioi of the tctlpnro
I'll roil by llr. Ullllhw" ' .
MltlVOPfl UISKAHKS I.o of vlisor. ln t ninti.
liooil , di'lilllty. pioitrntlon , ih > poiidmu'r , crupllo n
on Iho fni'O , lo i of nipiiinrjr , iiri'nd of fntiiro , etc.
A ni'W tn-ntnipntthnt NHVliU KAII.- .
HIIIIf.MATIfiM AND NIH'H AI.-8I -Aro cured
by Dr lllllln s when nil ethers Imvc fulled.
FKMAI.K VVHAIvMWSKS-TIn linruli , Irrational
nnd unnaliirnl motlioili imiallv omiilnrcul nrn ro-
Hion < llili ! lor fully Iliron-foiirthi of tlio sullorliii )
now rinlliri'cl liy women. ln\o < tlKiilu tlio lluvr ,
lioniotro.iliiiont of Dr. Dllllnii * ,
P1I.KS AM. IIKCTAI. Tltorni.i : - Pilot , Mi.
tula , iili > ro ip . Ktrlrtut1 , nnd nil ill < < > ii > i of rprtunt
cuii'd wlllioul HIP knlfo , iMUlery or nil hour' ) dolnj
from work or tuiMnpiii ,
Al.li UKADACIIKHaro quickly I'IIIIM ! .
VKNIOllliAl. DISKASKS llppcnl or IniiK ntnndlng
r.vililllH | , KOiiorrliirn , vlrloturo niul nil rusullliiK nf <
fi > cllon iitucmi'd iioriuiiiii-ntly HIM forever itltliunl
nny inorcnry or itilnornl Ironttnont.
MOUI'IIINM IIAIIIT - Quickly , positively nnd
palnlosnly cured.
TAPK WOUM-TnkiM with hi'nd oninplptpln one
hour with onu Iraaiiounfut uJ | > lol : < : illt inedli'lue. .Nii
fiiKtlnit
OTIIKIt IIHKASK9-Suclin ) < old nrp , niallKimnt
ulcers. tiiiiiorn , c.inci'r.i , hcnrt Inilililc1' . n'tluim ,
PlillcjHy. M. Vllu il ni > e. milk loir , elironlc coiutlpa-
tlonnnd chronicUnrrlni'a i > ru curcMl ,
'rill1 : ro.MIM.n.VIO.V The incut imtluhtly nnd
muilily rotnplpilon quickly fri" > hciiud nnd benutlllud ,
Hill OKKKNSWK HHUATII A iipriiianont euro
1.0\V FKIIS ! KIIKM CONSUI.TA'l'IONI
IKiritS : : .0n. in. tu6i. | in. H\oiling , 7 lo 8:30.
Suiulayx.'jto 4 p in.
Patients Troitod Hy Corro pondonoo.
Mocllclno Sent Kvorywhoro.
322 South Fifteenth St.
QROUMD FLOOR NO STAIUS.
Dr. Dilllngs prepares nnd dispenses his
own inedlclnet ) , which nro largely aoleotod
from nature's healing planti , barks , roots ,
in\iM,3lirubs , eta. No mlnur.U
FISCHER'S
ICE TOOLS ,
Double Markers.
Plows with Lift
ing Cains , Tongs ,
Bars and Fischer's
Improved Ice
Hooks.
rn
r ,
SOLE AGENTS.
Omaha , 1405 Douglas St
EE.C.WBB
NERVE AND BRAIN TREATMENT }
Stcino for mitorta , Dliilnwi.RU. Ktmrnlffli. WiJt
fulneit , Mental l > * pritiioniorteninff of Ittu Ir ) -TSg |
tultlntf In insanity .ul Nivdlntr to ml " ory U nv u
deVihri'rt'maturo"'oT < l""A t . J ( Trnni"ii""Lo ii'cif l > ow i
In cither x , Involuntarjr Loirrt.aiHl Hi > rmitoTh * l
cauttxl by oTrBttto. . - > of the hraln , lr-tm ol
CT T-lndniifence. J tch tKitcontalnionjmuniL'i tr ab
mout , $ l dt'oi , urtlr for l > , nt \ > y malliirvp&l4
With rarli ordtir for U l > xt , will nd purt'hM * ]
fniAraot u to ri-funj ncnvy If the trvttmtnt falUH
GOODMAN DUUO CO. ,
. Umaha