THE OMAHA DAILY BEE , SUNDAY , MAY 4 , 1890--TWENTY PAGES. 5
MORSE'S.
Our stock is much larger
than usual as we expected to
have opened it in our new store
in March. Then , again , in
May and now we must unload
ai cut prices all through
the store in every de
partment. We feel the need
of a "moving sale , " and will
make dut prices to sell our
goods.
goods.PMSOLS ,
$1.00.
Tan Surah Silk Shades with
stylish carved rustic sticks ,
\vorth $2 each , at $ i.
PfflSOLS ,
$150.
With black ebony handles ,
gloria silk , warranted to wear ,
$1.50 , worth $2.50.
Sifn Umbrellas ,
$1.39.
With silvered handles , twilled
silk , worth $2 each , reduced to
$1.39 Full 24-inch.
MORSE DRY GOODS CO
THE COLD FIELDS OF ALASKA
Statistics of the Mineral Woilth of the Ac
quisition of 1867.
AMERICA'S ' MOST PROFITABLE MINES
Grout Mountains ol' Mineral Wealth
A uniting Development The Need
of Go\eminent Aid in Mak
ing Explorations.
II. Kmtlty , late United States Judge of
Mal > a. In the Arena for Mttv.
Since the acquisition of Alaska in 1867
public attention In regard to it has boon
mainly directed to the salmon fisheries
in Its waters and to the seal rookeries in
Bohring sea. The value of the country
as a dependency has boon wholly deter
mined by the public from the rental
which the PrlbOlolT Islands yield to the
national treasury. Few references in the
intor\-oning period have boon made by
public journals and in the periodical
literature of the country to the gold-
yielding capabilities of Alaska , or' to the
degree of development already reached.
The truth Is that hundreds of thousands
of intelligent Americans are profoundly
ignorant of the fact that some of the
largest and most profitable gold mining
ontorpribcs within the limits of the
United States are conducted in Alaska.
Gold in variable quantities and under
different conditions has been found in
three principal districts of Alaska the
Juneau and Douglass Island dibtrict , ISO
iriilos northeast of Sltka nnd bordering
Gastcncaux channel , a narrow inlet
which separates Douglass island from
the mainland ; the Sltka dibtrict , the
quarU deposits of which nro found at
Silver Iwy , n narrow , tortuous arm of
the Pacific , indenting BaranolT island ,
nnd in the valley of the Yukon river In
western Alaska. Gold bearing quart/
has albo been found nt Unga island , ono
of the smaller of the Aleutian group , and
SQIUO egort has been made there at de
velopment , but moro of that hereafter.
-mT" At * concerns the Yukon valley , little at
tention 1ms boon paid by explorers nnd
prospectors to discover gold bearing
quartniul the only results , bp far , re
late to placer mining. At the head of
Lynn canal , ono of the inner pass
ages adapted to steamer navigation ,
about HIM ) miles northeast of Sltka. Is the
ft * ' mouth of the Ohllcatl river , navigable
for canoes for n score of miles. At the
head of this canoe navigation nro three
large t'hilcatl villages , and It is at this
point where commences what is known
ns the Chllcatl Portage , across the range
to the head waters of the Yukon river in
British territory. The distance from
the Indian villages on the American
side of the divide to the first lake , the
bource of the Yukon , is about thirty
miles , but the source is one of the most
dillicult in the territory , yet the only
practicable ono to reach the Yukon
valley from the south. During the past
three yeatt > the reports that the bars of
the Yukon and its tributaries. Stewart
and i'ellv rivers , nnd Forty-Mile crook
were rich in placer gold , have induced
several Alaska miners to venture across
the range , at the Chllcatl crobsing and
descend these streams. Several parties
nro all known to have perished in this
perilous search for the new gold fields.
In the history of gold mining in the
states and territories , no obstacle was so
stubborn that it was not finally over
come. . This , too , will be the history oj
he tfolu" fields of western Alaska. Army
MORSE'S
Our stock is double
what it ought to be in
this department ; we are anx
ious to sell them at evcnkless
then they cost us. Note the
bargains 1 ! !
Pure Mohairs.
. 29c
All shades of gray and tan
glace mixtures as well as old
rose , blue , etc. , worth and im
ported to sell for 6oc , all 290 a
yard.
All Wool
Fancy Mixtures ,
60c.
Double width , in all the new
colors , this season's importa
tion , in neat checks , stripes ,
etc. , worth 850 to 9oc , all 6oc.
French Tamise.
75c.
All the latest colors , fine pure
all wool double width , import
ed to sell for $ i.
MORSE" DRY GOODS CO
officers who have served in the territory
at various times , are now endeavoring to
induce congress to authorize an explora
tion of the Yukon Valley from its bourco
to its mouth , and express a willingness
to undergo the evident hardships and
privations of such tin undertaking. The
reports of the fertility of certain largo
portions of that great valley , and re
specting its agricultural possibilities ,
are so conflicting and uncertain , that it
can * hardly bo regarded as an absolute
waste of money to authorize an
intelligent olllcial examination of
those valleys to that end.
The permanent development of gold
mining in Alaska has been made in the
southeastern part of the territory , which
embraces all that strip of mainland ,
thirty miles wide from Portland chan
nel at the southern boundary to the
vicinity of Mt. St. Ellas , and Including
the islands of the Alexandrian Archipe
lago , which hug the mainland closely
from south to north and west. The
topography of this section is character
istic and roijiarkablo. The thirty-mile
strip of mainland belonging to the
Uuited States is no more than an un
broken range of very steep and lofty
mountains , the summits of many of
which nro" never free from snow.
No valleys separate or break the con
tinuity of thebo ranges. At intervals ,
short , swift streams , fed by the interior
glaciers , have worn down waterways
to the bays and inlets , but these streams ,
In most instances , are only wild cascades.
Rarely ono finds the gorge , the stronin-
bcd , wider than a space sufllciont for the
passage of the water ; and in attempting
to ascend to their sources , ono is con
fronted by fierce torrents impossible to
stem , and with no margin by their sides ,
along which to pass around the catar
acts. Frequently th'o last leap is made
only a few rods from the point where the
river enters the sea , and this is oven the
rule. All the islands oil the coast
of southern Alaska , UnrnnolT ,
Admiralty , Douglass and Prince of
Wales are simply mountains rising out
of the Pacific , whoso interiors are vast
glacial formations , whllo their fronts to
the sea are clothed with timber. No
white imm has over been heard W hav
ing crossed either of thcbO islands , and
the Indians disclaim over having
attempted It , preferring the easier mode
of passing around them in their canoes.
The faces of the mountains toward the
water , on the mainland and on the is
lands of southeastern Alaska , nro very
stoop , almost perpendicular , and covered
with n deep , spongy bog or tundra ,
which la always wet or moist. They are
also covered with forests of fir , bpruco ,
hemlock , yellow cedar , and u scrub birch
and alder , up to the snow-lino , and this
undergrowth of birch , salmon berry ,
alder and devil's club makes everywhere
almost Impassible thickets and jungles.
These topographical conditions must bo
borne In mind constant ! } ' , in considering
the mining development and possibili
ties of Alaska , for they llguro
largely in estimating the present
progress of the Industry.
Gold quart ? was first dibcovorcd in the
territory In 1877 , near Stiver Bay , In the
vicinity of Sltka. The discoverer , Mr.
Haley , was a boldier discharged from the
regular army , and previous to his enlist
ment , had mined in Colorado and Cali
fornia. Numerous quartz lodes tire lo
cated In the vicinity of his discovery ,
which is nlmut three miles back from the
beach , and far up the side of the moun
tain. Haley opened several tunnels and
exposed valuable quartz , and succeeded
In boiling two of his discoveries for fif
teen thousand dollars.
The proprietors of another lode some
distance from the original discovery put
up a live-stamp mill ; but for the want of
adequate capital to place the enterprise
on a square footing , conjoined with feeble
and incompetent management , the pro-
PS e s
HOSIERY SALE.
LADIES' ' VESTS ,
PBESCII BALBRICGAN ,
SILK TRIMMED ,
50c.
Fine quality of silk embroid
ery , trimmed neck and armholes -
holes , sleeveless , 5oc , worthi.
Lisle Hose ,
58c.
Colors , tans , drabs , russet ,
black , etc. , double feet , derby
ribbed , worth $ i a pair , finest
lisle hose made , at 580.
Boys' Hose ,
Misses' Hose ,
25c.
Seamless , all black , worth
5oc to 75c a pair according to
size , we closed them all out
last December for spot cash
and offer them at 25c a pair ,
all sizes , 5 to 8 inches.
MORSE DRY GOODS CO
jcct went to pieces , the mill was sold by
the mai-bhal and is now corroding to
ruin in the rain and snow. Another
company , organized under the laws of
Wisconsin , have become the owners of
the ' 'Lucky Chanoc , " and with a five-
btiunp mill are making satisfactory
milling tests , preparatory to a liberal
and adequate investment "in a plant the
coining year. Water for power in that
group is abundant all the year round ,
and owing to the mildness of the
winters at Sitkn , through the trend of
the Japan current , milling operations
will seldom if over bo interrupted by
freezing weather. Ore has been taken
out of ledges in the Sltka group , yield
ing $40 it ton ; but numerous tests made
demonstrate that the fair average is
about $10 a ton. All the work and ex
ploration done up to this time , in this
imsin , has been of the crudest , most careless -
loss and unsatisfactory character. No
definite policy of prospecting and exploration -
ploration in any part of the territory has
ever been adopted , and whore discover
ies have bepn made they wore
merely accidental. Those owning
tind controlling these valuable interests
have hitherto boon unable to inspire
that confidence in the future of their
properties which Is necessary to induce
capital to even closely investigate their
value and possibilities. The manner of
developing this and other similar min
ing localities in Nebraska will bo re
ferred to again , when considering the
larger and more thoroughly worked
mining district of Juneau and Douglass
Ibland. It is to the latter that wo must
lool : for the most satisfactory results ,
and by noting what has already been ac
complished in that field , poisibly predict
whether the gold yield of Alaska will bo
permanent and profitable , or only litful
and spasmodic.
.Tuneau and Douglass Island nro 180
miles northeast of Sitkn , and reached
from the hitter place by the inner pns-
songcs of Peril and Catham straits , and
Gnstcnoaux channel , which separates
Douglnbs island from the mainland. In
1880 , that bection of southern Alaska
was without a single whlto inhabitant ,
and was ono of the most forbidding portions
tions oj the earth. In October of that
year Mr. N. A. Fuller , in charge of the
affairs of the Northwest trading com
pany at , Sitka , became aware of the fact
that Auk and Tarku Indians , whoso vil
lages wore on the mainland at Gasto-
ncaux channel , possessed a tradition of
the oxistnnco of gold in some
of the deep basin of the moun
tains in that vlcinlty.Ono particular
basin was designated as containing
abundance of this treasure. Having
faith in the story , Fuller fitted out a
canoe expedition for the purpose of test
ing his uoliof. It was Intrusted to a
Canadian French miner , Jo oph Juneau ,
the nophawof the founder of Milwaukee ,
and who had visited all the gold mines
from Arizona and Old Mexico in the
bouth , to Cnssiur , in British Columbia , In
the north. Junenn was accompanied by
two Sitknn Indians as guides , and
after ten days of a tempestuous canoe
voyage up Chatham Straits , landed near
the site of the present town now bearing
his name , and proceeded to follow the
dillicult course of Gold crook , the outlet
to SilverJ3o\v basin , until he reached
the head of a gulch filled with glacier
ice. Passing down the gulch , Juneau
dibcovorcd some quartz laid bare and
protruding into the ravine , and nn ex
amination showed at once that-it was
rich in gold , so rich that the free gold
was apparent in many places
whore the rock was fractured.
Claims were staked oil , the party
returned to Sitkn , and reported their
success to Mr. Fuller. The secret could
not bo long kept. Before spring had
fairly opened several hundred miners
were on the ground , and the nucleus of a
prosperous mining camp created.
When the snow disappeared from the
Morso's CHINASILK. .
The time has hardly com
menced for the use of these ;
no one shows so large a varie
ty , so choice a line of patterns ,
at even 750 a yard , as those we
i
offer Monday for
No samples sent. Send in
your orders.
A special lot on sale Monday morning ;
double warp Black Surah at 76e.
2O pieces of this on sale Monday ; a splendid
summer quality at $1.28 a yard , -worth and
never sold less than $1.78.
n
A special bargain , woven fine and light
weight for spring and summer , on sale Monday
at $1.25 , worth and bought to sell for $1.78.
NEW VELVETS , $1.50
In the' latest colors , fine , close napped Silk
Velvets , old rose , tan , gray , old blue gobelin.
THE MORSE DRY GOODS CO.
basin , with its area of a thousand acres
or more , with mountain walls for its
.steep sides , it was found that centuries
of erosion had created in that contracted
area ono of the richest placer mines
over worked. Though of limited area it
equalled in richness many of the old Cal
ifornia plaeerH.
ONo civ 11 government was formed in
Alaska until more than three years
afterward , but in the spring of 1881 the
2oO hardy old minors who had explored
nearly every region where gold had
hitherto been found , mot and adopted a
code of mining laws which became obligatory -
gatory upon every miner in the district.
Half a do/on beautiful glacial streams
poured from the sides of the mountains ,
hemming in Silver Bow basin and feed
ing the rapid torrent of Gold crook , fur
nished abundance of water for gold wash
ing , and before that summer ended fully
$1,000 in gold dust had been taken out ,
and still only a meagre impression
made , Quito $1,000,000 in dubt have
been washed out of the sand and
dirt of that ono basin in the intervening
years , and the surface is now practically
worked out. Pay gravel exists , how
ever , to a considerable depth on the fioor
of the basin , and a now company has run
a tunnel through ono of the environing
ridges , for the purpose of mining by the
hydraulic process. Two stamp mills are
also in operation upon quarton the
Mime ground , and a roadway , two and a
half miles long , and costing $1,000 ! ! ,
has been completed , so as to connect the
mines with the channel beach. A flourish
ing town of 1,500 white inhabitants has
grown up about this mining location ,
with schools , churches and many of the
comforts of civilization.
The development of quart/ mining on
that portion of the mainland of south
eastern Alaska has just fairly qom-
menccd. Every indication points to the
Inexhaustible character of the gold
quartz deposits , and though there is
nothing of a high grade , or of fabulous
richness , yet it is manifest that mining
carried on bore with adequate capital ,
ample plants and conservative methods
insures that this section of Alaska will
have tin indefinite period of prosperity
as a mining district. Farther on I shall
speak of what is requisite in order to
make the handling of these low grade
ores of Alaska remunerative.
About three miles } to the eastward of
the town , and UP Iho gulch of Snoop's
Creek , recent discoveries of quartz have
nlf > o been made , equalling those in Sivor
How Basin. No mills have been yet
erected to work thifcb deposits of gold-
bearing rock , bulv considerable quanti
ties have been shipped to Seattle and
Portland , and refilled with fair profits to
the owners of thtsJmlnos. Though ex
plorations have been frequently made to
discover silver in the territory , none was
found until the winter of 1888 , when a
fine rich voln of galena was dibcovorcd
in the Sheep's Creole gulch already
alluded to. It 5 * reported by credi
ble persons as hijylng yielded jlUO per
ton In the mnoUe al Portland.
Soon after the gold discoveries on the
mainland at Juneau , prospectors crosbcd
over to Douglas Island , only two miles
distant. Hero was found abundance of
placer gold , on the face of the mountain
which rises directly out of the water at
nearly all points along the shore , but at
this particular place recedes from the
beach , leaving a stretch of low land moro
than a mile long and a few hundred foot
wldo. Whllo some were engaged in
washing the dirt , others began to
search for quartz lodes In the same vi
cinity , and on. the face of the same
mountain. The Indications were fair ,
but putting in the necessary tunnels for
exploration was expensive , and those
engaged soon became discouraged. John
Troadwoll , who had boon n successful
contractor and builder in San Francisco ,
was attracted to Alaska "by exaggerated
tales of fabulous bonanzas , and touching
nf Douglas Island , found the owners
to several quarts claims ready
to abandon their rights , fully dis
heartened. Troadwoll purchased their
interests and improvements for a small
amount , and with faith , energy and re-
bources pushed the explorations already
begun to a conclusion.
For many months ho was the butt of
every old miner's ridicule in all that re
gion. At last ho pierced a ledge of gold-
bearing rock 400 feet wide , over 800 feet
deep from the surface and moro than
0,000 feet in length from east to west.
! This , in fact , became the great Trend-
' well gold mine , now operated by the
Alaska Mining and Milling company.
Ho was soon able to convince capitalists
that ho had something in which it would
pay to invest , and the company
was orgnni/ed in 1881 , with Sen
ator Jones of Nevada and D.
C. Mills of Now York , the principal
shareholders. A mill with 120 stamps
was erected in a few months , and the
mill and chlorination works on a grand
scale put in operation. Two largo ditches ,
ono ten miles long to the westward ,
along the face of the mountain , and the
other to the cast , five miles in length ,
were constructed with great difficulty
and expense , owing to the tundra character -
actor of the surface , to convoy water to
the mill as a motive power. A pressure
of 700 feet , through iron pipes twenty
inches in diameter , was communicated ,
to a wheel of eight feet in diameter , by
which all those ponderous stamps , 2,000
pounds each , and the other ma
chinery , were set in motion
and did their work. For
two years the mill and works were kept
in constant operation , no ccsbntion night
or day , during the week. Early in 1888 ,
the capacity of the stamp mill was ex
panded , and the number of stamps in
creased to two hundred and forty , mak
ing the largest mill of the Hind under
ono roof In the world.
The policy of keeping the establish
ment in constant operation remains
unchanged , and since its increase in
capacity , there has boon n stoppage of
only ono day. During the summer of
18S'J , fifteen miles were added to the
ditch for water supply , and to intercept
additional streams as they came down
the mountain side to the Boa. During
the winters of 1887 and 1888 , there was
no interruption of the supply of water
by cold weather , for motive power , butte
to guard against any contingency of that
that kind , a powerful Corliss engine has
boon provided to drive the great mans of
machinery at such times. The winters
at Douglass island are seldom bo severe
that the rapid , fresh-water torrents
freeze over and deprive the mill of its
full supply. In December , 18b' ' ) , them
was some dlfilculty in that respect , and
the Corliss engine was doing tno work
of the water-wheel.
ThoTrcndwoll is not n mine In the
strict fcnhO. The rock is taken out of
an open quarry and convoyed to the mill
less than live hundred feet distant on a
trnmwnv. Its capacity Is ( WO tons every
twenty-four hours. The profits of the
establishment are , of course ,
the company's own secret , but
exports acquainted with this
quart/ , and other conditions , put the
average yield per ton at $10 and the cost
of extracting the metal , at from $1 to
$1.50 per ton. By the amalgam procofs ,
all the free gold which passes from the
stamps to the concentrators is recov
ered , while the residue , in the form of
sulphurets ; is manipulated by rousting
ami chlorination in the vast wooden
building which stands several hundred
yards nearer the beach than the stamp
mill.
mill.This
This company owns 0,000 lineal foot ,
or six quart/ claims in length , from east
to west , and while in four years of con
stant movement , an enormous cavity in
the sideof the mountain has IK-OII
created , the indications are that the
MORSE'S '
Boys' Cassimere
Knee Pant Suits ,
$1.98.
To-morrow we place on sale
150 Boys' Suits , just the thing
for school wear , made of good
quality cassimerc , in neat
stripes ; we have all sizes ; price
$1.98.
Boys' Cassimerc
Knee Pant Suits ,
$3.25.
We call your attention to
this suit , as we have heretofore
sold it at § 4.50 ; we have a full
assortment of sixes , the pat
terns all come in neat plaids ;
remember the price , only $3.25.
All Wool Knee
Pant Boys' Suits ,
$4.26.
These are our regular $6
suits ; we have too many of
them , and to reduce our stock ,
cut the price to $4.25.
Boys' All Wool
Scotch Tweed Suits ,
$ g.oo
We know that
this is the best
suit you can
buy for the
mono } ' ; we im
port the goods
direct and have
them made to
our order.
Morse's $5.00
suit is becom
ing a household
word in the
surroun ding
states.
MORSE DRY GOODS CO
supply of rook , at the present rate of
production , will hold out for a quarter
of a century yot. A line electric light
plant enables the operatives to work by
night in the mill , and in the chlorina
tion works and the mine. Four
hundred men arc employed in va
rious duties about the mine ,
stamp mill , chlorination work , stores ,
and saw and planing mills , which the
companv operates as part of its mining
and mining plant. About one-third of
the operatives are Indians or natives of
Alaska. The latter are an industrious ,
frugal and reliable class of mining em
ployes , and receive the same wages as
white men engaged in the same olu-s of
work. Indians are largely employed not
only at the salmon canneries in south
eastern Alaska as fibhcrmen , but in
nearly all the mining operations of that
bection of the territory. No antagonism
exists between them and white labor ,
and their relations are of the most
cordial character. The white minors
in southeastern Alaska do otn
permit Chinamen to engage in that
class of work , and coolies are
only found on the inside , all the salmon
canneries , always going below at the end
of the season.
Early last year work was begun on the
"Bear's Nest , " a mining claim which
was sold to an English syndicate in the
fall of 1888 for $2,000,000. It is located
about half a milo west of the Treadwel ,
and was sold on the strength of its good
neighborhood , and upon the results of
diamond drill tests. After a tunnel had
penetrated the hillside for 1,000 feet ,
and about $70,000 had been expended
toward erecting a stamp mill , and other
parts of the requisite plant , they failed
to strike tholedgo which was doomed to
bo a westward prolongation of the rich
and extensive lode contsituting the
Trendwell. Operations have boon sus
pended , and litigation to determine
whether the sale was a fraudulent trans
action , the salting of a mine , or whuthoi
the failure to roach a paying ledge was
'
the result of operative 'blundering has
been begun. The mere fact that an en
terprise starting out with so much of
promlbo failed in the very midst of the
brightest anticipations , will , most cer
tainly , produce a ohilling olToct upon all
present attempts to inaugurate now
mining enterprises in Alaska. The
Mexican company , a corporation with
abundant resources , however , Is vigor
ously probcctiting Its explorations at an
equal distance to the eastward of the
Treadwell , in the hope and confidence ,
and with every prospect of intercepting
the prolongation of the Treadwell ledgo.
Rich deposits of gold-bearing quart/
have also been discovered on Admiralty
island , in the same group as Douglass
island , and stamp mills are in course of
erection there alhO.
The discovery of coal near the beach ,
and easy of access by water transporta
tion nt Cook's inlet , Ungn island and at
other nvilahlo points on the coast of
western Alaska , will hnvq an important
bearing not only on the general commer
cial importance of the territory , but upon
its gold and silver mining enterprises ,
Coal , when used In the latter industry ,
is now only attainable at Departure bay ,
British Columbia , and with the enor
mous cos * , of coal freights under the
present nrrungoments of transportation
the work of development Is more or less
retarded.
One word moro with respect to the
future of gold mining In Alaska. AH far
as discoveries extend ; the ores are of a
low grade. This will requite that they
bo handled In largo plants with capital
in largo mass , owing to the policy pur
sued by the company operating the
Treadmill mine. In addition to that ,
the management must bo of an Intelli
gent character and not mere Inexpert
experiments by unskillful adventurers.
Under such conditions Alaska , through
MORSE'S.
Monday morning in our Car *
pet Department we will have
numerous bargains to ofTcrj
everything must be closed out ,
as we are determined to go into
our new store with an entire
new stock. In looking through
our stock we find a very largo
lot of
Straw Mattings
at I8c.
Never sold under 250 a yard
before.
Japanese Straw
Mattings ,
At this price we offer extra
value. We have a hundred
rolls to sell this week , and offer
our regular 500 quality for 250.
Fancy Japanese
Straw Matting
You can buy nothing better
than this quality ; many sell
this grade as high as 750 a
yard. Our clearing sale com
mences Monday morning , and
each day we will have special-
tics to offer in this department
worthy of your attention.
Laee Curtains.
Just received , 5 cases Not
tingham Curtains bought for
the new store ; we have no room
for them and will close them at
one-third less than usual prices.
MORSE DRY GOODS CO
its gold mines , will be n source of great
wealth to the entire country.
WO11KIXG IIOUKS AIUiOAD.
The IjciiKlh ol' the I/al > oriiij Day in
Various Kitrnpcaii Countries.
A Turkish laboring day lasts from
sunrise to sunset with certain intervals
for refreshment and repose , nays Cham
bers' Journal. In Montenegro the day
laborer begins work between C and ( iin
the morning , knocks on"at 8 for half an
hour , work's on till noon , rests until
2 , and then labors on until sun
set. This is in summer. In winter
ho commences work at 7'iO : or 8 , rests
from 12 to 1 , and works interruptedly
from that time to sunset. The rules re *
spooling skilled labor are thoorolieallj
the same , but considerable laxity prevails -
vails in practice. In Sorvia the princi
ple of Individual convenience rules in
ovorv case. In Portugal from sunrise to
sunset is the usual length of the work-in
day. With field laborers and workmen
in the building trade the summer work
ing day begins at 4tO : ! or 5 in the morn
ing and ends nt 7 in the evening , two or
three hours' rest being taken in the mid
dle of the day. In winter the hours nro
from 7UO : to 6. with a shorter interval of
repose. In manufactories the rule is
twelve hours in summer and ten in win
ter , witli an hour and a half allowed for
meals.
Eleven hours is the average day's
labor in Uelgium , but brewers' men
work from ten to seventeen hours ; brick-
makers , sixteen ; the cabinet-makers of
Brussels and Ghent nro often at work
seventeen hours a day ; tramway drivers
nro on duty from fifteen to seventeen
hours , with an hour and a half off at
noon ; railway guards sometimes know
what it is to work nineteen nnd a half
hours at n stretch , and in the mining
districts women nro often kept at truck-
loading and similar heavy labor for
thirteen or fourteen hours.
The norimd workday throughout Sax
ony is thirteen hours , with two bourn
allowance for meal-taking. In Hadon
the medium duration of labor is from ten
to twelve hours , but in some cases it far
exceeds this , often rising to fifteen hours
In slonownru and china works nnd cotton
mills ; in saw mills to seventeen hours ;
while the workers in the sugar refineries ,
where the shift system is In vogue ,
work for twenty-four hours and then
have twenty-four hours free , and in
many of the Linden factories Sunday
work is the rule. In Russian Industrial
establishments the dlfToronccH in the
working hours Is something extraor
dinary , varying from six to twenty. It
is remarkable that these great divergen
cies occur in the same branches of in
dustry within the same inspector's dis
trict and among establishments whoso
produce rcnli/cs the same market pricu.
TondylHiu nt
Ono of these sightseers , n woman , I
am sorry to wiy , unite capped the climax
ono Sunday morning when the presiden
tial family got in into , just ns the con
gregation ro.se , as it always does for the
opening invocation , says a Washington
lottor. "What , " she said In a stage
whisper , "do you rise when the presi
dent comes inV" which question , 1 am
happy to say , was answered only with n
look which discouraged any moro ques
tions on that line.
After the service many of UIOMJ people
ple hurry out of the church and around
to the ohaH ] > l door through which the
momberri of the church and the presi
dential family go out , in order to got
ono moro look at them. It is a Hlmino-
fnl thing to say , but it has actually been
necessary at times to have a policeman
at this door In order that the mcsldcnt
and his famll } . who llko to walk hojnn
whenever the weather permits , may
have a passMguwii } through the crowd
down the street. -i