THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUNDAY , NOVEMBER 3 , 1S8S.-TWENTY PAG S. 10
Warranted Hand Made and Long Clear Havana Filler
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THE ABOVE CIGARS CAN RE FOUND AT THE FOLLOWING PTACES :
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N. . . Oontlpmnn. roi N' . inth 8t. H. C. West. T.Htlo Sioux. In.
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Vf. u. I'ltard. 1731 St. Mary's Ave. .1. W. Mlliusoll. Ootmcll Hlnlla. WcllCi-ct . nrim , Surprise. Neb.
1U SI. Don noy , 21)1 ) Karnam bC M. K. JamrS , ll I Sherman Avo. H. B Shlvoly . Mo. ValUjIn. .
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PEYCKE BROS. CO. , SOLE AGENTS.OMAHA
JAMES MORTON & SON ,
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Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in
To dealers only. Mills Southern Missouri. Hooins , 1. 2 and3. U. S. National .IJauk Building
Tclophono 1JJ7 , Omulia , Not ) .
An Interesting Answer to a Perti
nent Question.
WHAT THIRTY YEARS WILL BRING
Ino Sinn Will Hold tlin "Wealth and
l < 'iva Ilundrnil Will Have Notli-
A Comparison With
Tlio Owners of the United States.
a/iomns / (7. S/icnrmau fn lYbraiiber Forum.
It 1ms boon nnd still is the boast of tbo
American people , that wcultli Is moro equally
distributed hero than in any other part of the
world. While every ono admits that the old
days of New England , In which none was
very rich and none was very poor , have
passed n\vny , yet it ta believed that tbo land ,
buildings nnd personal in-opcrty of this
country nro owned mainly by the majority
of Its people , and that there is.no daniror of
any such concentration 'of wealth in a few
bands union ) ; us as exists in older and moro
aristoci utio nations. Statistics as to the
t.vldo distribution of wealth , shown by the
deposits in American savings banxs , by the
largo number of American fiirms nnd by the
supposed high Btnmlnrd of American wages
linvn boon constantly sot forth ns conclusive
evidence that American wealth is substan
tially owned by the mass of the American
people. The object of the present Inquiry U
not to determine whether ouch a condition
would bo doslr.iblo or not , but simply to ascertain -
certain whether H actually exists.
Interesting ns such an inquiry must be ,
especially to that laboring class ou whoso
buhnlt It was supposed itmt labor commls-
blons were established , lutlu effort han boon
made by nny of them to aolvo the problem ,
The very able gentleman nt tlio bond of the
nntlonul labjr bureau , after tailing-statistics
of Industrial depressions , convict labor , nnd
strikes , scorns to have felt that ho had ex
hausted nil subjects of ttpcclnl interest to the
laboring classes ; and ho therefore directed
tha onoigles of all his assistants to an In
vestigation of the subject of divorce tlio
ono subject a m on K all grave social questions ,
with which the n 113908 of laboring men have
the least practical concern. Quo who Jo-
sires to investigate thu great problem of the
distribution wealth In his country must ,
therefore , feel his way , without much assist
ance from thq ofllclal representative of the
very class which has thu deepest Interest in
the question.
In the "elfoto monarchy" of Great Britain ,
where the laborer , deprived of nil the bless
ings of n protective turllT , has no representative
tiveIn the nntlonul government , no bureau ,
no commissioner and only llvo members of
parliament among twelve humlroit , there Is
nevertheless no serious Ulfllculty In the way
of forming n pretty close estimate of the dis
tribution of wealth. The Income-tax returns
combined with these of the probuto and suc
cession duties , furnish the means of estimat
ing , nt frequent Intervals , the proportions In
which wealth Is distributed among different
classes of the nation ; while- return pf rent
rolls , made in lbJ , enables us to determine
with considerable uccurao.y the proportions
in which the land of the whole country Is
owned. MnUiiill's estimate Is as follows :
DISTllIUUTION-OF IIHITISII WEALTH , 1877.
' Wealth In Wealth per
Cltiss. Families. Millions , Family.
Kleh Wi.nOO 5fi7,7Sl f 125,145
Middle..1,8'JMOO y,14'J 4,874
Working.J.tiW.lOO
0(570,000 . . „ .
English people own two-thirds of the national
wealth. With what scorn wo have long
pointed to these figures ; and with what
pride wo have bade foreign nations looUupon
our own beloved land , where such thlugs
not only did not ox 1st , but were made Impossible
possible- our republican form of govern
ment I
( Jan any light bo thrown upon tlio distribu
tion of American wealth by a stuay of Kng-
llsh statistics | Lot us see. By adding the
published returns of Urn personal estates of
British decedent ? n capitalization of the
rental value of their eatutcs , ut 4 pur cent In
terest , wo way lorm a tolerably accurate-es
timate of tlio aggregate wealth , real and par-
* onul , of tbo richest noblemen and baukeia
of England who have died within the last
quarter of n century. Wo may then compare
those llRurco with the known wealth of a
few American citizens , and thus obtain n
starting point for further comparisons.
In this way , wo find that the richest of
the Rothschilds , aiid the world-rjnowned
banker Unroa Overstono , each loft about
517,000,000. Earl Dudlov , the owner of the
richest Iron mines , lot520,000,000. The duke
of Bucclouch ( and the duke of Liuccleuch
carries half of Scotland in his pocket ) left
about. . $30,000.000. Thu marquis of lluto. was
worth , in 1872 , about $ J3OOJOJO in laud ; and
l-o may now bo worth § 40,000,000 In all. The
duke of Norfolk may bo worth § 10.000,000 ,
nnd the duke of Westminister perhaps 550-
000,000.
There is no oRlcial classification of British
wealth or rents. Hut incomes derived from
the profits of business , exclusive of railways ,
mines , otc. , are cl.milled as follows :
immsii INCOMES 1'itoM nubiMissrnoriTS , 1SS4.
Persons. Incomes. AY. Income.
101 50,000 , and over 91,853
1UU 10,000 to 50,000 17,041
1,871 5,000 to 10,000 G,55lt
1,117 -J.OOO to 5,000 4,270
1,017 a,000 to1,000 a,2G8
4,203 3,000 to 3,000 2,232
13.2(58 ( 1,000 to 2,000 1,277
52,705 400 to 1,000 Sit
IS'J.189 ' 200 to 400 232
235.G04
The great law of averages may bo relied
upon as confidently in America ns in Europe.
Wo need only Una a starting point ; than wo
mav safely proceed to calculation uusud upon
general experience as to the average increase
in the number of persons owning wealth , in
proportion to the decrease of tuo amount
owned by each individual. To find this start
ing point , it will bo necessary to give n list of
Americans whoso wealth is npproximatly
known. The writer abstains from mention
ing in this list a single name concerning
which ho has any information which might
possibly bo co'illdcntial ; and , to mnku quito
sura of this , ho omits the names of all gen
tlemen with whom ho has any confidential
relation , The names of persons who have
died within n recent period ( six of them
within one year ) will be IncHuluJ , moro ac
curate information being .obtainable concarn-
Inc their affairs than hi nny other cases.
Their estates are nearly all oittior undivided
or in the hands of BO small n num
her of porsoris ns to roako no practi
cal dllTeronfo , while the number of names
whloh have been omitted will far outweigh
all possible errors lu the list. No name H
given which is not buliavcd , for good
reasons , to represent an Individual wealth of
at least $20,000,000. The llguros Indicate the
wealth believed to be possessed on the
average by each of the persons whoso names
follow :
S1RO,000.000-J. , T. Astor , Trinity Church.
$10J,000,000 C. Vnnderbilt. W. 1C. Vandor-
bilt. .Tay Gould , Leland Stanford , J. D.
Uockofoller.
$70,00a,000-l.stato of A. Packer.
fOO.OOJ.OOO-John I. lllalr , estuto of Charles
Crocker.
f50UOO.OOO-\Villlnm Astor , W. W. Astor ,
Kussoll Saee , E. A. Slovens , estates of
Moses Taylor , Urown & Ivus.
$10,000.000 1 > . U. Armour. P. L. Ames ,
William Itookfellor , II. M. Flaglor ,
Powers it Wolghtimiu , estate of P.
Ooolot.
$33,000,000-0. P. Huntin gton , D. O. Mills ,
estates of T. A. Scott , J. W. Uarrott.
$30,000,000-0. B. Hoborts , Charles Pratt ,
Koss Wlnans , E. U. Coxo. Clous
HprockoU. A. Belmont , U. J , Living
ston , Fred \Vuyorhausor , Mrs. MurU
Ilonkins , Mrs , Hetty Green , estates of
S. V , Harlciiess , K \ \ ' . Colomnn , I. M.
Hinger.
? 25OOi.000-A. ) J. Droxel. J. S. Morgan , Mar
shall Field , DnvlU Down , J. G. Fair. 13.
T. Gerry , estates of Governor Talr-
banks , A. T. Stownrt , A. Schermor.
horn.
$22,500.000-0. H. Pnvno , estates of F. A.
Uroxol. I. V. Williamson , W. P. Wold.
00OOO.OCH-F. ) W. Yundortillt , Theodore
Ilnvomovcr , W. G. Wnodon , W. P.
Thompson , Mrs. Sohonley , J , B. Hag-
em , H. A. Hutchlns , estates of W.
Slouuo , E. S. Biggins , O. Tower , \VH
1mm tibaw , Dr. Hostcttor , William
Sharon , Peter Donoluio.
Trinity church Is included in this list bo-
cuuso It U practically nn individual owner.
For the purpose o * estimating the distribu
tion of wealth , it is obvious that this corpor
ation , which lias no stockholders , must , bo
treated us a unit.
It will bo said that these estates could uot
ETCHINGS , -EMERSON ,
ENGRAVINGS , i THALLET & DAVIS
ARTIST SUPPLIES ! 33 i TKIMBALL ,
-PIANOS& ORGANS
MOULDINGS , MUSIC.
FRAMES ,
1513 Douglas Street , Omaha , Nebraska.
bo readily sold for their estimated value In
n few ca-.os this is true ; but it is immaterial ,
because it is equally true ot the property of
farmers nnd other small owners , and 83 does
not change the relative proportion ot wealth ,
which is the only important question. Oar
estimate of the whole national wealth is
bused upon the census of 1830 , in which the
capital ana debts of rallwas- , tele
graph , and steamboat companies
were included nt par. 13ut in
the foregoing estimates of individual wealth
the current market value is adopted , wliich
is much loss than par. For purposes of com
parison between different classes the census
valuations ought to bo adopted nil around.
But if they were , the wealth of Mr. Gould
would bo llxed at over SWi.OOD.OQO , nnd that
of Messrs. Crocker and Huntlngton lit
nearly us much ; nnd the proportionate
share of the very rich would bo greatly in
creased.
Malting the largest allowance for exag
gerated reports , there can be no doubt that
theeo seventy names represent an aggregate
wealth of $2,700,000OOJ , or an average of
S37,500OOD oich. The writer has not es
pecially sought for information Voncorning
any ono worth loss than 520,003,009 , but. has
incidentally learned of fifty other persons
woith over $10.000,000. of whom thirty are
valued in nil at St" > 0,000,003. making to-jethor
100 persons worth over ? 3.00J,000OOJ ; vet
this list includes very few names from New
England nnd none from the south. Evident.
lV , it would bo easy for any specially well-
in format ! person to imrico up n list of 100 per
sons averaging $25,000,000 oacli , in
addition to ten averaging $100,000,000 each.
No such list of concentrated wealth could bo
given in any other country In the xvotld. The
richest dukes of England fall below the ave
rage wealth of u dozen Atneiican citizens ;
while the greatest bankers , merchants , and
railway magnates of England cannot com
pare in wealth with tnnnv Americans.
Lists were lately published of sixty-seven
millionaires residing in Pittsburg , of sixty-
three residents of Cleveland possessing lu
tlio aggregate § 100,000,000 , and of sixty per.
sons residing in three villages near New
York whoso wealth was sa'd ' to aggregate
$ r > 00,000OOJ. Ono of the gentlemen included
in the lust estimate said that if it included
ono of Ills neighbors , with whoso nfTairs hu
is intimately acquainted , it was entirely too
low750,000,000 would bo none too much. The
Goelot estate , in New York city , pays taxes
on" t25,000,000 real estate. The inavor of
Chicago BIIVS that four gentlomcn of that
city are worth over f20,000,000each ; but only
two nro included lu the above list. The Bos
ton Advertiser lately asserted that there
were not fifty millionaires in Boston ; but the
oQlelal tax-list shows that moro than fifty
families pay taxes on over $ l,000,000cuclinnd
200 persons pay taxes on amounts which
clearly show that they are really mil
lionaires.
The facts already stated conclusively dem
onstrate that the wealthiest class in the
United States la vastly richer than the
wealthiest chiss in Great Britain. The uvur.
ago annual income of the richest hundred
Englishmen ls about $150,003 ; but the iwer-
ago annual mcorno of the richest hundred
Americans cannot bo less than 71,200,030 ,
und probably exceeds $1,503,003. U follows ,
inevitably , that wealth must ba far moro
concentrated In the United Stato.s than
in Great Britain ; because , whera enormous
amounts of wealth are placed in a few
hands , this necessarily implies that the
great mass of tha people have very smull
possessions. On the other hand wo know
with tolerable certainty what are the nvor-
ago earnings nnd imsiolo savings of tlio
masses. The earnings of fully four fifths of
American families do not average as much
as ? 50J per annum. As the average ago of
busy nifjn is less than forty years , their
savings cannot enread over inoro than an
uverago period of twenty years. Farmers
being always moro ncouotnical than me
chanics or other laborers of the
same income , the savings of farmers ,
represented by their farms. will
afford u maximum standard for the classes to
which they correspond , According to the
census of 1663 , the overage value of 25 per
cent of the farms was &U5 , of another 25 per
cent , $1,750 , und of aoout ; ! . " > per cent , K,500 ) ;
the remaining 15 per cent being bold by
wealthy owners. To allow , In marketable
property , f 750 each to the mass of tbo com
munity , $2,000 each to the next class , and
(3,500 each to the small tradesmen , liigtly
skilled mechanic ) , und others whose condi
tion corresponds with that of the best class
of ordinary farmers , will be quite as much as
facts will justify ; especially whou wo tak *
out of this highest cliss , as wo must , a considerable
siderable- number ( say one-sixtli ) who , by
saving one-third to one-half their income ,
have accumulated four.or five times as much
as their fellows.
In 1877 the number of Uritlsh capitalists
possessed of over § i. > ,030 each was about
222,000 , while the number ot persons derlv-
inir profits of over 1,000 par annum each
from business was nearly 300,000. The two
clauses of persons were not at all
tno same ; on the contrary , prob
ably not ono third of either cl > m ,
possibly not oven onefifthvis included in
the other. Yet. In the absence of any de
tailed information as to the distribution of
wealth , too classification of incoins must betaken
taken , with much lowrvo , us tha only at
tainable guide. But Incomes in their na
ture , are much more equally distributed
than wealth. Millions have incomes who
have practically no wealth. Therefore , u
computation on this basis will greatly under
estimate the concentration of wealth in the
higher figures , wuilu it wil ) lead to such an
overestimate of wealth in the lower litrures
ns to make it gradually quito misleading.
Sucli a computation is indeed of no use
whatever outside of the first 250,000 fami
lies and must bs greatly modified long be
fore reaching that number.
Bearing these consideration * in mind , wo
proceed to estimate the distribution of
American woalth. Judging from uho rate of
Increase in wealth indicated by the last cen
sus , it 13 probable that ( estimated bv the
same method ) a now amounts to icarlj 81,000
par head , or SiH.OOO.OOO.OJJ in all. In 1833 ,
Si,0')0,003 was invo3tod in public bullOings ,
churches , collngis , charitable institutions ,
otc. ; und this item must bo nbout § 2,500,000-
000 noxv.
Talcing the number of British incomes ex
ceeding iJOO as n basis forcoinmrativoclass-
iflcation , starting on the basis of known
facts concerning American wealth , and moj-
fvlnc the figures gradually , for the reasons
already state J , wo nrnvo at the following
conclusions :
Disritinurio.v or AMRUIOAV wiui/nr , ov ? i\a \
nniTisii ixcojiu iiirimH. :
Families.
10
100
1.200
a.ooo
1,000
3,001)
4,000
1:1,000 :
03.000
100.000
2JO.OOO
1.00J.009
ii,00,000 ! )
0.5'35,000 '
l'JOOC > , ! )10 )
Condensing thU table , so as 10 arrange It
in three great classes , w. ) arrive ut this re
sult :
DISTIUUUTIO.V OP AUr.BICUN WKAJ.TH.
Wealth In Avernno per
Class. Families. Millions. Family.
Hich 233iIO : $43,000 8180,5(17 (
Middle. . . . 1,21)0,110,1 7,500 0,2.,0
Working.,1',603,000 , 11,175 0113
18,000. 10 $ GJ,575 * 4813
On this basis , 5'J,003 families would appear
to own ana-half of the national wealth.
In thin table small farmers'skilled me
chanics , foremen , conductors , engineers ,
etc. , nro Included In the "working class , "
and § ' . ) ( > S has been allowed us the average
sayings of each family in this class moro
than double the highest claim made on behalf
of the same class in England , and nearly
treble the average ueposit in American sayIngs -
Ings banks. This amount' in certainly too
large. The number of the very largest mil-
llonalres has been kept down to very nearly
the limit of the writer's personal informa
tion ; while in Ida Judgment there must bo at
least us many more.iol whom ho has never
hoard. If thla surmise. Is correct , it would
add at once $3,500,01)9,000 ) to the share of
wealth belonging to the millionaire class ,
and would confirm the'writer's ' ranch esti
mate In the Forum forSaptember , that 25,000
persons own just about ono-half of all the
wealth of the United States.
Objection will dodbtloss bo made to any
estimates based updn British statwtics.
I ; ortunutely Massachusetts furnishes a purely
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F. D. CLARKE , M. D.f
ISO So. ClorU St. . CHEttATiO. ILJU.
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Amcitcun basis for ostiraatcs of the distribu
tion of American wealth. A list of the
Inrgost individual taxpayers in Boston , pub
lished this year , including all ( exclusive of
corporations und executors ) who paid more
than $1.003 in taxes , and who were therefore
assessed at more than ST3,00 [ ) ( the tux helm *
16 percent ) , showed the following results :
110STOS TAX LIST TOU ItiSS.
Individual Amount Avernpo As
Taxpayers. of Tux. sessed Wealth.
2 $50,000 to 875,000 $4.000,000
4 40,000 to 50.000 a,2on,4.r > o
3B JiO.OUOto 40,000 y,783,570
B 20,000 to ao.ooo 1,840,000
sn * 10,000 to 20.000 U30.000
133 .1,000 to 10,000 5011,000
1.0J5 iooa to 5,000 100,000
1,254
It may safely be assumed that every ono
who is assessed at $400,000 is really worth
51,000,000 , because largo estuto are never us-
Bcssea at their full value , and because
LhesQ assessments include no shares
in corporate stock , nor government ,
municipal , or mortgitce bonds , in which u
vast proportion of the wealth of the very
rich is in vested. For the same reason an as
sessment o $75,000 represents iu netuul
wealth not loss than S150.0JO. Thu wealth of
the very rich is always nero under-estimated
by assessors than that of men in moderate
circumstances. Assessmunts of $100,000 ana
over are thoioforo multiplied , in the next
tublo , by two and one-half , while those below
that line am only doubled , In both cases the
iucrojso U too small. Boston has less than
a forty-fifth part of the nation's wealth , nnd
l as than u hundred and thirtieth part cf its
population. Multiplying the Hoston figures
by only 45 , it would follow that there nro in
the United States moro than SS.OOO poisons
worth over SIS'J.OOO each , of whom at least
8,500 nro wirth ovoiSl.OJO.OOO. . Classifying
men of wealth in conformity to the proportion
tion In which assessment returns show that
their wealth is divided in Boston , but adding
the seventy persons who have been specifi
cally nutnea us averaging $37,500,000 , wo
arrive nt the following estimate , which errs
only on the sldo of moderation :
DISTHIIIUTIONOI'AMBKICUN MKAI/TII. O.V THE
lUaiS OP I1OSTOK TAX I1ETOI1SH.
Wealth in thou- Average Total
Bands. ivcalthin wealth
Families. Over , Under , thousands. In
millions.
5150,000 $37,500 $ a,0i5
SiO.OOO 11,500 1,1)25 )
10,000 8,000 1,410
7,500 (1,800 ( 015 $
5,035 4,000 1(1VJ (
! ! ,7M ) 2noO 4,03fi
1,875 1,250 7.500
1)37 ) ( MO 4,5-
5JO ! I75 4 135
800 230 : ,830
200 1U5 2,722
150 10J 5,000
7.5 00 4500
50 20 4.000
15 U % ! J,500 ,
4 a a 4ooj ,
% 7,215
D3 ' G2.0S3
DI&TIIIIIUTIO.N IN' CI.A&.SC3.
Wealth in Average
Class. Families , millions , per family.
nich 182,090 813tiir !
Midillo. . , . 1.200.00J 7,500 0,251)
Wonlng..ll,020,0i)0 , 11,215 yes
13.0W.OOO 502,052 $1,775
Ou thid basis , 40,000 persons own over one-
half of the wealth of thu United States ,
while ono-sovoutleth part of the people own
over two-thirds ot the wealth.
It will bo seen that in these tables , which
are prepared upon the basis of purely Amer
ican statistics , the concentration of wealth
appears to be much greater than In tables
prepared upon the basis of British statistics ,
liy either table , 70 per cent of the national
wealth npoears to be concentrated In the
hands of u very small minority of the people
ple ; but dividing this wealth in proportion
to the English ratio , it Is distributed among
235,000 families , while dividing It according
to the Hoston ratio , it Is possessed by only
182,030 families. The truth probably lies
between the two : and it may safely bo
assumed that 200,030 persons control 70 per
cent of the national wealth , while 250,000
persons contiol from 75 to SO per cent of the
wliolo.
These conclusions are ot course very un
palatable to comfortable optimists , Hut
what other results could possibly
bo expected , in view of well-
TEETH
For Five Dollars
, < 1
DR. R. W. BAILEY , Dentist ,
Paxton Block , 16th and Faniam Streets.
within the past two
" Qifa-rrnndlmvlnrj
ArP TTPVP
.1 .ClU.LtJ tO Oiay months largely Increased out *
omco room , nro now better prepared to turn out the best olnss ot
work , and much more rapidly than heretofore. Wo make a full sot
of/tooth on rubber for FIVE DDL " .A.RS , ounrantood to bo ns well
mndons plates sent out of nny dentnl office in this country. Do not
let others influence you not to come , but make us a call and see for
yourself.
Teeth extracted WITHOUT PAIN , and without using chloroform ,
gns , ether or electricity. Filllnq at lowest rates. Remember the lo
cation. DR. BAILEY , Dentist , Paxton Block.
Open ovcniiiBs until 8 o'clock Tuko clovntor.cm ICtli Direct. ICtlv mill rnruixm.
Out this out. Mom Ion this paper.
DEWEY & STONE ,
A magnificent display of everything useful and ornamental In the
furniture maker's art at reasonable prices.
PRACTICAL
114 South 15th St. , Next to P , 0.
OMAHA , - NEB.
Mnnufncturora of Sealskin and Fur
Garments. Boas , MulTs , Gloves , Cups ,
Kobos , Mats , etc. , nlv/tiys on hiuid. '
Old Sonl Gurmonts rodycd , rclltlcd
and rclined.
Plush Cloa ! < s ropairod.
llighust prices paid for fur skins.
ANEW
COLLAR
"NESS CUBED
_ _ 3frf iiild pntlrrir orcrccmo ity
Pfk'rat.lmprd TUBULAR LAnCUSHIQHSi
i. Comcrs tlcnnmlilu leliearil Com'
where nil otbcr rrniedlp * pit * SOLUOM.TU. . : _ -i-n
F.HI3COX , * niU Irouuwi r. ( of.Hlb.WVnrt ( : .
CI Lfintfor iuur0 Eoacafitoata.iiteK.fjoAai.MTS
known facts ? No ono can entertain n
reasonable doubt that there has been nn ac
cumulation of wealth in n few individual
hands in the United States , during the lust
twonty-flvo veurs , vastly in excess of any
which has taken nliico in other parts of the
woild. In no other country have railroad
managers , manufacturers , oil lollnors , inlno
owners , bankers and land speculators accu
mulated fortunes so rapidly as they have in
this. In no other country , und least of nil In
England , during the last thirty years , bus
the burden of taxation been cast so exclu
sively upon the working class , or the ma
chinery of public taxation been used so un
scrupulously for private profit.
In Great Britain , although indirect taxa
tion still constitutes the greatest part of the
public revenue , a large share of direct taxa
tion has been maintained , and , as far ns pos
sible , all tribute levied by the rich upon the
poor , under the pretense of taxation , has
been abolished. The natural consequence is
that the disproportion between the rich and
the poor In Great Britain is less to day than
it was forty yeara ago ; that wealth is more
widely distributed ; that the middle class Is
much moro numerous , and that the masses
uro rapidly gaining in power nnd influence.
In America the drift has been
in precisely the opposite direc
tion. Federal taxation has increased HX !
fold since 18 ! ' < 0aml tlio whole of this increase
has been taken out of the relatively poorer
claisos. At the same time , the profit which
is secured to the wealthier classes by the
adjustment of indirect taxation in their in
terest has been increased not less than ten
fold. The wealthy classes.collectlvoly , have
made u clear protltoutof the indirect effects
of taxation to an amount far exceeding all
that they have paid in taxes , although this
profit has been absorbed by u minority of
oven the rich. Hut , upart from this , the
whole system of taxation is uml has been
such as to take from the rlcti only 3 to 10
per cent of their annual savings , while tak
ing from the poor 73 to ' .10 per cent. It is
true that the same system existed , In form ,
before the war ; but , taxation being llgntthn
amount taken from each individual wan fur
less , nnd tlm disproportion between the rich
und the poor not so great , while the profit
levied from the poor by the rich was far
smaller. The amount of the burden has In
creased , und it has * been moro nnd moro
shifted over upon ( ho poor.
It Is childish to imaidno that , under such
circumstances , the concentration of wealth
can go on less rapidly here thai in Europe.
On the contrary , it has gene on fur moro
rapidly hero ; and it will continue to do so , at
a tiemeudous paco.
It is intended to confine this paper to a
simple investigation of facts , without , Bug.
gesting remedies ; but , to avoid misapprehen
sion , the writer wishes it to bn distinctly
nnderstoood that he Is opposed , on pilnclplc ,
to all schemes for arbitrary limitations of
individual wealth , whether by a graduated
iucoaio tux , a heavy succession tux , or other
wise ; that ho is utterly opposed to com
munism , socialism nnd anarchism ; nnd that
ho Is of opinion that thu enormous wealth of
the few in thin country has been forced upon
them by tlio votes of thu very musses who
have been impoverished for their benefit.
Pnpulus vult declpL The farmers Insist upon
throwing uway their inheritance ; and since
they uro determined to heap their earnings
upon somebody , It is well that the list of
tiiolr chief beneficiaries should bo , upon the
whole , no respectable. And , indeed , has it
not benn clearly explained to us that It
makes no sort of difference who owns the
wealth of thu nation , so long us It is kept ut
home ?
But the facts should bo known , without
regard to the inferences which may bo
drawn from them ; and wo ara now prepared
to answer tbo question ; "Who owns thu
United Stutesl"
Thu United States of America nro practi
cally owned by less than 250,000 persons ,
constituting less than ono in sixty of Its adult
mala population.
Within thirty years , the present methods
of taxation 'icing ' continued , the United
States oi America will bo substantially
owned by less than 0,030 persons , constitut
ing less than ono In five hundred of the
adult male population-
An Atmuiiitu ( Jure.
Th80UIGINALA.UlBri\tJ OINTMENT
Is only put up in largo two ounce- tin boxes ,
and is an absolute euro for old sores , burin ,
wounds , chapped bands , and all skin or up.
tlons. Will positively euro all kinds of pllev-
AsK for the ORIGINAL AHIEU'INB OINT
MENT. Bold by Gooiltnaa Diag company at
25 cents per box by mall tl'J ' coat * .
CALIFORNIA
TIIK 1 AND OF
DISCOVERIES !
THE 0 N LY
GUARANTEED
SANTA : ABIEAND : : CAT : R : CURE.
FOP sale by Goodman Di'titQ Co
I Will ho Worthy ol'Ir.
r.lla ir/ifcl / - IlVlror.
855 * nl ° y no * renfh the heights I seek ,
My untried strength may fall me ;
Or , half wnyup tlio mountain poalc ,
Fierce tempests mny nssnil me ,
But though that place I never gain ,
Herein lies comfort for my pum
I will bo worthy of it.
I may not triumph in success ,
Desplto my earnest labor ;
I may not grsp results that bless
Iho ofTotts of my neighbor.
But though my goal I never see ,
This thought shall always dwell with ma
1 will bo worthy of it.
The golden glory of love's light
Mny ne'er fall on my way ;
My path may nlxvnys lead through night ,
Like Bomo deserted by-way.
But though life's dearest joy I miss ,
There lies a namelcsu joy lu this ,
I will bo worthy of it.
The who king said : "Go to the ant , thou
slutrtrunl I" In Florida the ant saves the
sluggard the journey.
"Who was tno first man. Tommy J" asked
the Sunday school teacher , lifter explaining
that our first parents were made from thu
dust of the oarth. "Henry Clay , ma'am.1' '
"What do you moan , sir , "by swearing be
fore my wife ? You must npoloffl/o 1" Par
don , monsieur ! Pardon 1 I do muko zo apol
ogy. I did not know 70 lady wish to swear
zo first. "
They were speaking of nn invc-tcrato
talker. "Did she have the boldness to aay
that ? " exclaimed the gentle Mrs. Low in
horrified voice. "Saytl.atl Sho'u say any
thing except her prayers. "
Mr. Smart ( as the church-goers pass )
I'm surprised that Miss Sweat permits Hod-
worth to accompany her. IIo's about tha
freshest young fellow I know. Mia. Smart-
Perhaps that's the reason why she lots him
carry her psalter.
Instinct Is strong everywhere. It will bo
safe to bet that when a nran is about to
enter the Pearly Gate that ho will stop to
fool uud sco if his ungclla robu is buttoned
up in frout nud his wlfo Hcurgo her nock to
see if her dross hangs right behind ,
Ho The case of Jacob sometimes nas a
modern parallel. I know u man once who
served five years for his second wife. She-
How romantic. Ho Not BO remarkably
romantic. Ho married the second ono with
out getting a divorce from his first , aim
served live years for bigamy , don't you
know.
Deacon Watts and Doicon Podberry had
been trading horses , which may account for
the following prayer offered up by Deacon
Waits at the regular weekly prayer meet
ing ! "Oh , I ord , wo pray that you will con
tinue to shower down your manifold bless
ings ilpon us nn wo deserve. A < iu perhaps ,
Lord , you had better flhowcr onto Brother
Podberry n few that ho doesn't deserve , or
ihcio'B some clangor that hu won't ' be In it. "
It was at the last session of the Southern
Illinois conference. Recommendations ( or
local deacons and elders' orders were under
consideration , and the bishop put the ques
tion to u cundidaio whose case was under
consideration : "Will you wholly abstain
from thu use of tobaccof" There was u mo
ment's hesitation , wliich gained the utt n *
tlon of the conference"Bishop , I don't '
use it for smoking or for chowlugbut but
I wan't to continue It for horse medicine. "
For a few moments the laughter was irre
pressible.
"Why don't you try Rod Cross Cough
Drops , live conjls pur box.
Knreini ; KiiHrilnn Money.
The Dank of Russia linn just discov
ered that tha now bills ot 25 rubles ,
which were put into circulation only u
Bhort time ugoliuvo already buon forged
in u very perfect way. Bovtmil hundred
thoufaundu of other forged bills itro sup
posed to ba in circulation throughout
Kusslu. It is supposed that tlio bills ara
munufuuiurcd in England or in the
"United States.
Don't buy trashy Imitations. Gu ( tU
genuine Hod Cross Cough Drops.