10 THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : vSUNDJLY APKIL -18S9.-SIXTEEN PAGES ,
* TO STOP RAILROAD STRIKES
ThoJProsldont of the Union Paolflo
Makes Some SuffgoatlonB.
A TRIBUNAL OF ARBITRATION.
How "Worthy Employer ) Might be He-
tftlncd nnd Unclean Ones Gotten -
ton IlIU of Tlio Use of a Hos-
pltnl Fund.
Itnllrnnilfl nnd Tliolr Kmplojefl.
Charles Frn'ncis Adams , president of
the Union Pacific railway company con
tributes the following paper on "Tho
Prevention of Railroad Strikes" to the
current number of Scrlbnor's Magazine :
Note The following paper was pre
pared for n special purpose in Juno ,
1880 , nnd then submitted to several of
the loading olllclnls directly oiignged in
the local management of the lines op
erated by the Union Pacific rnilwny
compnny , of which the writer hnd boon
president for two years. It drew forth
from them various criticisms , which
led to the belief that the publication of
the paper at that time might easily re
sult In more harm than good. It was
accordingly luid aside , and no use mndo
of it.
Nearly three years havoslnco olnpscd
nnd the events of the year 1888 with
its strike of engineers on the Chicago ,
Burlington & Qulncy seem to indicate
that the relations of railroad employes
'
to the railroad companies have und'or-
ffono no material change since the year
1880 , when the etciko on the Missouri
Pacific took place. The unsatisfactory
condition of affairs apparently con
tinues. There is n deep seated trouble
1. somewhere.
> < * No sufficient reason , therefore , o.x-
l-f ists for longer suprcssing this paper.
Provided the suggestions contained in
it hnvo any value nt all , they may at
least bo accepted as contributions ton
discussion which of itself has nn im
portance that cannot either bo denied or
ignored.
The paper is printed as it wtvs pro-
pared. The figures and statistics con
tained in it have no application , there
fore , to the present time ; nor has it
been thought worth while to change
thorn , inasmuch ns they have little erne
no bearing upon the argument. That
is just as applicable to the state of af
fairs now ns it was to that which existed
then. The only difference is that the
course of events during the three in
tervening years hnd demonstrated that
the paper , if it does no good , will cer
tainly do no harm. C. P. A.
BOSTON , February 4,1889.
In 18JJO lifty years ago there were
but a little inoro than a 1,000 miles of
railroad on the American continents ,
representing an outlay of some $35,000-
000 , nnd controlled by n score or so of
corporations. There are now about
186,000 miles in the United States alone ,
capitalized at over eight thousand mil
lions of'dollnrs.
The railroad interest is thus the lar-
post single interest in the country.
Probably 000,000 men nro in its employ
ns wage-earners. It is safe to say that
over two millions of human beings nro
directly dependent upon it for their
dnlly support. The Union Pacific , ns a
single nnd by no means the largest
mompor of this system , controls 5,150
miles of road , represented by stock nnd
bonds to the amount of $275,000,000.
Moro than 15,000 names ' are borne upon
its pay-rolls" Its yoa'rly income has ox-
cooded'$29,000,000 , and In 1885 was
$20,000,000. Largo ns these aggrogntes
sound , there nro other corporations
( iyhich far exceed the Union Pacifioboth
in income and capitalization , nnd not a
"fow exceed it in mileage. The Penn
sylvania , for instance , either owns or
1 directly controls 7,800 miles of road. It
is represented by n capitalization of
8070,000,000 ; its annual income is $93-
000,000 ; it carries 75,000 names on its
pay-rolls.
This has boon the outgrowth of n sin-
'glo hnlf-coutury. The vast and intri
cate organization implied iu the inan-
"ngoment-of such nn interest had , as it
' were , to bo improvised. The original
companies Wore small nnd simple af
fairs. Some retired man of business
held as n rule the position of president ;
whllo another man , generally a civil
engineer , and as such supposed to bo
< were or loss acquainted with the prac
tical working of railroads , acted as
superintendent. The superintendent in
point of fact attended to everything.
He was the head of the commercial do-
' .partmont ; the head of the operating de
partment ; the head of the construction
department , and the head of the mo-
ohnnicnl department. But there is a
limit to what any single man can ' do ;
I and so , ns the organization dovo'lopcd ,
it became necessary to relieve the rail
road superintendent of many of his
duties. Accordingly , the working man-
. ngemont naturally subdivided itself
into BO put-ate departments , at the head
which men were placed who had boon
trained all their lives to do the particu
lar work required in each department.
In the same way , the employes of the
company the wngo-oarnors , ns they
are cnllod orlglnnlly fow. In number ,
hold toward the company relations
Imllnr to these which the employes
In factories , shops , or on farms ,
held to these who employed
them. In other words , there was
in the railroad system no organized ser
vico. As the employes increased until
they were numbered by hundreds , bet
tor organization became a necessity.
The community was absolutely depend
ent upon Its railroad service for con
tinued existence , for the running of
.trains ' .a to the modern body politic very
jnuoh what the circulation of blood is
to tlio human being. An organized
ystom , therefore , hnd to grow up. This
U- * s fnot was not recognized nt first ; nnU , in
deed , is .only Imperfectly recognized
' * yot. Sllll the fact was there'and ; inns-
Diuch ns It was' there and was not rocog ;
nlzed , trouble ensued , No rationally
organised railroad service thnt is , no
h service In which itho employer and employed
'
> ployed occupy definite relations toward
eaoli other , recognized by each and by
the body politic no such service exists.
Approaches to it only have boon made ,
A discussion , therefore , of the form
that such n service would naturally
take , if it were organized , cannot bo
otherwise than tlmoly.
It hns already been noticed thnt in
the process of organization the rnilrond ,
following tnq invariable law , naturally
lubdlvldes itself into different depart
ments. In the case of every corpora
tion of magnitude , there are ot these
departments , wliethor ono man is at the
bond of one or several of them , at least
five. These nro :
1. The financial department , which
provides the ways and means.
2. The construction department ,
, which builds the railroad after the
weans to build it are provided.
3. The operating department , \vhloh
.Operates the rend nftor It it built.
. 4. Tho. commercial department ,
V- t which Itcitig business for the operated
jFoad.to do , nnd regulates the rales
which nro to be charged for doing It.
5. The legal dopiirtinout , which at
tends to nil the numerous quottions
which arise-in the practical working of
$ .vory pun o/ the other departments.
* Thcso vile divisions of necessary work
ixibt in ihe organization of every com *
pnny , no matter how small it may by , or
now few officers it may employ. In the
larger companies the need Is found for
yet other special departments. In the
cnso of the Union Pacific , for Instance ,
there nro two such : First , the comp
troller's department , which establishes
and Is responsible for the whole method
of accounting ; second , n department
which is responsible for nil the numer
ous interests which a largo railroad
company almost of necessity dovolopo
outside of its strict , legitimate work ns
fi common carrier.
When It comes to dealing with employees -
ployoos of the company , it will bo found
that the vast majority 01 these whoso
names are on tlio pay-rolls belong to
the operating department. This de
partment Is responsible not only for the
running of trains nnd , usually , for the
maintenance for the permanent way ,
but also for the repairs of rolling stock.
All the train hnnds , nil the section-men
nnd bridge gangs , nnd alt the mechan
ics in the repair fchopa thus belong to
the "operating department. The ac
counting department employs only
clerks. The snmo is trno of the com
mercial department , though the com
mercial department has also agents nt
different business centres who
look nftor company's interests
and sccuro trafllo for it.
The construction department Is in
the hands of civil engineers , and the
force employed by it depends entirely
upon the niriotint of building which may
nt any time bo going on. As n rule the
bulk of the employees in the construc
tion department are paid by contractors ,
nnd not directly by the rnllroad com
pany. The legal department consists
only ol lawyers and the few clerks noo-
cssaray to aid them in transacting their
business.
In the operating department of the
Union Pacific at the present time (1880) ( )
about 14,000 names are carried upon
the pay-roll. The number varies ac
cording to the season of the year nnd
the pressure of traffic. In Januarynnd
during the winter months , the average
will fall to 12,000 , whllo in Juno and
during the summer it rises to 14,000.
Of those , 2,800 , or. 20 per cent , are engaged -
gaged in train movement 4,200 , or 150
per cent , nro in the machine shops and
in charge of motive power nnd rolling-
stock ; 7,000 , or f 0 per cent , nro em
ployed in various miscellaneous ways ,
as llng-mon , soction-hnnds , station
agents , switchmen , etc. , etc.
So far ns the wage-earner is con
cerned , it is , therefore , this portion of
the force of a railroad company which
may bo called distinctively "the ser
vico. " If good relations exist between
the men employ oil in its operating de
partment and 'tho company no serious
trouble can ever arise in the operation
of the road. The clerks in the finan
cial department , or the engineers in
the construction department , might
leave the company's employ in a body ,
and their places could soon bo filled. In
point of fact , they never do leave it ;
but should they do so the public would
experience no inconvenience. The in
convenience and it would bo very con
siderable would bo confined to the
otllcoH ot the company , nnd their work
would fall to arrears. It is not so with
the operating department. So far ns
the community at largo is concerned ,
whatever dilllcultios arise in the work
ing of railroads develop themselves
hero. All serious railroad strikes take
place among these engaged in the
shops , on the tracu , or in handling
trains. That these difficulties
should bo reduced to a minimum
is therefore a necessity. They
can bo reduced to n minimum only
when > the railroad service is thoroughly-
organized.
How then can this service bo bettor
organized than it is ? It is usually main
tained that only the ordinary relation
of employer and employed should exist
between the railroad company ana the
men engaged in operating its road. If
the farmer is dissatisfied with his
hands , ho can dismiss thorn. In like
manner , if the laborer is dissatisfied
with the farmer , ho can leave his em
ploy. It is argued that exactly the
same relation should exist between Lho
great railroad corporation nnd the tons
of thousands of men in its operating de
partment. The proposition is not tena
ble. The circumstances are dilforent.
In the first place , it is of no practical
consequence to the community whether
difficulties which prevent the work of
the farm from going on arise or do not
arise between an individual farmer
and his laborers. The work of innumer
able other farms goes on all the same ,
and it is n matter of indifference
what occurs in the management of the
particular farm. So it is oven with
large factories , machine shops in fact ,
with all industrial concerns which do
not perform immediate public functions.
A railroad company does perform imme
diate public functions. The community
depends upon it for the daily and neces
sary movements of civilized existence.
This fact has to bo recognized. For a
railroad o pausp in its operation im
plies paralysis to the community" which
it serves.
Such being the fact , it is futile to
argue that the ordinary relations of em
ployer nnd employed should obtain in
the * railroad sorvico. Something else is
required ; and because something else
is required but has not yet boon devised
wo htvvo had the numerous ) difficulties
which have taken pluco during the
present year dillicultios which hnvo
occasioned the community much incon-
vonlonco nnd loss.
The model railroad service , thdroforo ,
is now to bo considered. Of what would
it consist ? At present , there is prac
tically no di He ron co between Individuals
in the employ of a great railroad cor
poration. All the wngo-oarnors in its
pay stand in like position toward it.
There should bo n difference among
them ; nnd a marked difference , duo to
cirnumstnnccH which should recolvo
recognition. Take again the case of the
Union Pacific. The Union Pacific , it
has already been mentioncd,4numbers
14,000 employes In its operating depart
ment as a maximum , and 12,000 as a
minimum. They vary with the season
of the year , increasing in Rummer and
diminishing in winter. Cqnsequontly ,
there la n largo body of men who are
permanently In its employ ; nnd there is
a smallur body , although n very consid
erable portion of the whole , who are In
Its employ only temporarily. Iloro is
n fact , unu facts should be recognized.
If this particular foot Is recognized , the
service of the company should bo organ
ized accordingly , und onnh of the several'
divisions of the operating department
would have on its rolls two cln&ncs of
men ; first , these who luive been ad
mitted into the permanent service of
the company ; n.nu second , those who
for any cause nro only temporarily in
service , And no mnn slioulu bo
admitted into the permanent service
until nftor he has served un appren
ticeship in the temporary service. In
other words admission into the par-
tnimont sorvlco would be In the nature
of iv promotion from nn apprenticeship
in the temporary service.
These In the temporary service need
not , therefore , he nt present consid
ered. They hold to the companies only
the ordinary relation o [ employe to em
ployer. They may bo lookoil upon as
candidates for admission into the per
manent eorvico they nro on probation.
So long ns they nro on probation they
inuy bo on paged nnd discharged at
pleasure- . The permanent serrico
ulono is now referred to ,
The poriuuiiout service of a grout
rnilrond company should in ninny es-
sontinl rcspecU bo. voi\v much Hlto n
nntlonnl service , Hint of the nrmy or
nnvy , for Inslnnco , except In ono par
ticular , nnd n very ltnjortunt particu
lar : to-ivit , those In it must of necessity
always be at liberty to resign from It
In other"wonts , to lonvo it.
Tito rnilrond company can hold no ono
In Us employ ono moment ngnlnst
his will. Monnwhllo , to belong
to the permanent service of a rnilrond
company of the first class , so far as the
cm ploy o la concerned , should uicnn a
grcnt deal. It should carry with It cer
tain rights nnd 'privileges Which would
cause that service to bo cngcrly sought.
In the llrst plnco , ho who hud passed
through his period of probation utid
whoso nnmo was enrolled in the perma
nent service would naturally fool that
his Interests wore tea largo o.xtontidon-
tlllod with these of the company ; nnd
that ho on the other hnnd hnd rights
nnd privileges which the compnny wna
bound to respect. It has , boon a mutter
of bonst In Franco that every private
soldier In the French army carried the
possibility of the fiold-marshnl's baton
in his knapsack. It should bo the same
with ovcry employe in the permanent
service of a grunt American railroad
compnny. The possibility of his rising
to any position in thntservice for which
ho showed himself qualified should bo
open before him nnd constantly present
in his mind. Many of the most remark
able and successful men who Imvo han
dled railroads In the United States be
gan their active lives ns brnkononns
telegraph operators , oven ns laborers
on the track. Such examples are of in-
ostlmnblo vnluo. They reveal possibil
ities open to all.
Beyond this , the man who is perma
nently enrolled should fool that though
ho may not ris.o to a high position , yet
as a matter of right ho is entitled to
hold the position to which ho has rls-
on just so long ns ho demeans hlmsolf
properly and docs his duty woll. Ho
should bo free from fear of arbitrary
dismissal. In order that ho may have
this security , n tribunal should bo de
vised before which ho would have the
right to bo heard In case charges of
misdemeanor nro advanced ngainst
him.
him.No
No such tribunal hns yet been pro
vided In the organization of any rail
road company ; neither , as a rule , has
the suggestion of such a tribunal boon
looked upon with favor cither by the
ofllclal orthe employee. The latter is
apt to rirguo that ho already has such a
tribunal in the executive committee of
his own labor organization ; and a tri
bunal , too , upon which ho can
do pond to decide always in his
favor. The olllcial , on the
other hnnd , contends that If ho is to bo
responsible for results ho must have the
power of arbitrarily dismissing the em
ploye. Without it ho will not bo able
to maintain discipline. The two argu
ments , besides answering each other ,
divide the railroad service into hostile
camps. The executive committees of the
labor organizations practically cannot
save the members of these organ izn-
tions from being got rid of , though they
do in many cases protect them ngainst
summary discharge ; and on the other
hnnd the oflicialin the face of the execu
tive committeo.enjoys only in theory the
power of summary discharge. The sit
uation is accordingly false and bad. It
provokes hostility. The ono party boasts
of n protection which ho docs not enjoy ;
the other insists upon a power which ho
dares not exorcise. The remedy is mani
fest. A system should bo devised based
on recognized facts ; K system which
would secure reasonable protection to
Tihe employe , < nnd-at the iBaaioXtlincf enable -
able the olHciul to on force .all necessary
discipline. This' a permanent service
with a properly organized tribunal to
appeal to would bring1 about. Mean
while the winnowing process would bo
provided for in the temporary service.
Over that the official would have com
plete controland the idletho worthless ,
and the insubordinate would bo kept
olT. The wheat would bo separated
from the chaff. Until such a system is
devised , the existing chaps , made up of
powerless protection and impotent pow
er , must apparently continue. None the
less it is a delusion on the one side and
n mockery on the other.
How the members of such a court as
has been suggested could bo appointed
and by whom is matter lor copsidera-
tion. It would , of course , bo essential
that the appointees should command
the confidence of all in the company's
service , whether olllclals or employes.
The possible means of reaching this re
sult will presently bo discussed.
Not only should permanent employes
bo entitled to retain their positions dur
ing peed behavior , but they should also
look forward to a continual bettering
of their condition. That is , apart from
promotion , seniority in the service
should curry with it certain rights and
privileges. Take the class of conduc
tors , brnkomon , engineer , machinists ,
and the like , there seems to bo no rea
son why length of faithful service should
not carry with it a stipulated increase
of pay. If conductors , for example , have
a regular pay of 8100 a month , there
seems no good reason why the pay
should not increase' by stops of5 with
each five years' service , so that when
the conductor has been twenty-five
venrs in the service his pay should bo
increased by ouo-quarter , or $25 a
month. The increase might bo more
or loss. The figures suggested merely
illustrate. So also with the engineer ,
ibo brakeman , the section man. the
machinist. A certain prospect of in
creased pay if a man demeans himself
faithfully is > a great incentive to faith
ful demeanor. This is another fact
which it would bo well not to lose
sight of.
There ought likewise to bo connected
with every largo railroad organization
certain funds , contributed partly by the
company and partly by the voluntary ac
tion of employes , which would provide
for hospital service , retiring pensions ,
sick pqm.lons , and insurance against ac
cident nnd death. Every man whoso
name has once boon enrolled in the
permanent employ of the company
should bo entitled to the bonpfltof these
funds , nnd ho should bo deprived of it
only by his own voluntary act , or as
the consequence of some misdemeanor
proved before a tribunal. At present
the railroad companies of this country
arc under no inducement to establish
these mutual insurance societies , or to
contribute to them. Their service , in
principle at least , is a shifting service ;
and so long as It is shifting the elabor
ate organizations which are essential to
the safe management of the fundq re
ferred to cannot bo called into exis
tence. A tlo up , ns it might bo called ,
between the companies nnd their em
ployes is a condition precedent. Wore
thlb once effected the rest would follow
by stops both natural and easy. For a
company like the Union Pacific to con
tribute $100,000 a year to a hospital
fund and retiring pension aud insur
ance associations would bo a email
matter , it the thing could bo so
arranged that the permanent
employes themselves would contribute
a like sum ; and permanent
employes only would contribute at all.
Once let the growth of associations like
UK'SO begin , and it proceeds with al
most startling rapidity. At the end often
ton years the accumulated capital on the
basin o ( contribution suggested would
probably amount to millions. JEvory
man who WUB bo fortunate us to bo come
n permanent employe of the company
would then bo assured of provision m
)
i
j n if'
cnso of BlcknesiJotKdisnblllty , nnd his
family would be assured of it in case of
his death.
The moment ajwmanent service was
thus established It'would also Involve
further provisloWof an educational na
ture. That is , the companies must con
tinually provide A stock of men for the
future , where 'k boy the son df an
employe gr.ows up always looking for
ward to ontorinpttltOjCompnnr'fi service ,
ho becomes to that C9tnpany very much
what a cadet at West-Point or Annapolis
is to the army < 6r navy of the United
States ; the ideajof loyalty to the com
pany and of pride in its service grows
up with him. Railroad educational in
stitutions of thiayort have already been
created by at least ono corporation in
the country , and they should bo cre
ated by all corporations of the first class.
The children of employes would natur
ally go into these schools , and the best
of thorn would at the proper ago bo sent
out upon the rend to talto their places
in the shops , on the track or nt the
brake. From these thus educated the
higher positions in the company would
thereafter bo filled. The cost of main
taining these schools , at least in part ,
would become a regular item in the
operating expenses of the road. Prop
erly handled , a vnst economy would bn
olTociod through them. The morale of
this service would gradually bo raised ,
and the morale of a railroad is , it prop
erly viewed , no loss Important than the
morale of an army or navy. It is in
valuable.
But it is futllo to suppose that such a
service as thnt outlined could be or
ganized , in America , at least , unless
these concerned In it wore allowed a
voice in the management. Practically
the most important feature of the whole
Is therefore yet to bo con
sidered. . How is the employe to
bo assured a voice in the
management of these joint interests ,
without bringingnbout demoralization ?
No one has yet had the courage to face
this question ; and yet it is n question
which must bo faced if a solution of ex
isting dilllcultles is to bo found. If the
employes contribute to the insurance
nnd other funds , it is right thnt they
should have n voice in the management
of these funds. If an employe holds his
situation during good behavior , ho has
n right to bo hoard in the organization
of the board which , in case of his sus
pension for alleged cause , is to pass
upon his bohnvior. No system will suc
ceed which does not rccognizo these
rights. In other words , it will bo im
possible to establish perfectly good faith
and the highest morale in the service of
the companies until the problem of giv
ing this voice to employes , nnd giving
it effectively , is solved. It cnn be solved
in but ono way ; that is , by representa
tion. To solve it may mean industrial
peace.
It is , of course , impossible to dispose
of these difficult matters in town meet
ings. Nevertheless , the town meeting
must be at the b so.of any successful
plnn for disposing' them. The end
in view is to bring tbjO employer who
in this case is the coijipanyjrcpresontcd
by its president dyd , bpnrd of directors
and the employees ifito direct and im
mediate contact through a representa
tive system. When thus brought into
direct and iramodintQJcontact , the par-
tics must arrive at re&ults through , the
usual method : that Jsnhy discussion and
rational agreement. It has already boon
noticed that the operating department
of a great railroad company naturally
subdivides itself into those concerned in
the train movement , those concerned in
the care of the pormnnnnt waynnd these
concerned in tho-worl pf the mechani
cal department. liyivpuld seem proper ,
therefore , that a couficij. of employees
should be formed , of "Mich a number as
might bo agreed on , containing repre
sentatives from each or those depart
ments. In order to make an effective
representation , the council would have
to "bo n largo body. For present pur
poses , and for the sake of illustration
merely , It might bo supposed thnt , in
the case of the Union Pacific , each de
partment in a division of the road would
elect its own members of the employ
ees' council. There are live of these
divisions and throo- departments in
every division. The operating men ,
the yard and section men , and the ma
chinists of the division would , there
fore , under this arrangement , choose a
given number of representatives. If one
such representative was chosen tp each
hundred employes in the permanent
service these thus sclocted would con
stitute a division council. To perfect
the organization , without disturbing
the necessary work jot the company ,
each of these division councils would
then select certain ( say , for example-1
three ) of their number , representing the
mechanical , tho' operating and the per
manent way departments , and these
delegates from each of the departments
would , at certain periods of the year , to
bo provided for by the articles or organ
ization , all moot together at the head
quarters of the company in Omaha.
The central council under the system
hero suggested would consist of fifteen
men ; that is , ono representing each of
the three departments of the five sev
eral divisions. These fifteen men would
represent the employes. It would
bo for thorn to select a board of
delegates , or small executive commit
teeto confer directly with the president
and board of directors. Hero would bo
found the organization through which
thovolco of the employes would mtil/c
Itself heard and felt in matters which
directly affect the rights of employees ,
including the appointment of a tribunal
to pass upon cases of misdemeanor , and
the management of all institutions ,
whether financial or educational , to
which the employees had contributed
and in which they had a consequent in
terest.
There is no reason whatever for sup
posing that , within the limits which
have * boon indicated , such an organiza
tion would load to ditllculty. On the
contrary , whore it did not remove a dif
ficulty it might readily ! bo made toonon
u Way out of it. Ttuv-jumployes , feeling
thnt they too had rtghtB which the corn-
puny frankly roc'Ojrulzed and was bound
to respect , woulttjiffflll coses of agita
tion proceed Ihrouga Mio the regular
machinery , which Urobght thorn into
easy nnd direct conuflcjHwlth the highest
authority in the oompaji'y'sBorvlco. 'J hey
would not , thoroforo/bo driven in to out
side organizations. Meanwhile , on the
other hand , the highest oillcors of the
company , including : tW > provident nnd
the board of dlreotSn'sTwould bobrought
into immediate roMhlons with the rep
resentatives of UiQftymployos on terms
of equality. Eucl ( ' pild ( have an eoual
vbico in the inanjTgfe nont of common
interests ; and it vwuUv only remain to
muUo provision fov 'arriving ut a solu
tion of questions in case of a deadlock.
This would naturally be done by the
appointment of a permanent arbitrator ,
rho would be selected in advance.
The organization suggested includes ,
It will bo remembered , only these em
ployes whose names are , on the perma
nent rolls of the onorutlng department.
For reasons which have been Buflloiontly
referred to , these whoso names nro on
the rolls of the other four departments
have not boon considered. Hut there
would bo no difficulty in making pro
vision for thorn also , should it be
found expedient or desirable so to do.
Through the eystom nf representation
the organization could in ( act bo inude
to include every employe in the perma
nent service of the company , not ex
cepting the president , the general muu-
ngor or the general council. Ench em
ploye included would have one vote ,
nnd each division nnd department Its
representatives. The organization in
other words is elastic. No matter how
largo It might bo It would never be
come unwieldy BO long ns It resulted In
the small committee which mot in di
rect conference fnco to fnco with the
board of directors.
Could such n system ns thnt which hns
bncii suggested bo devised nnd put in
practical operation there is reason to
hope that the difficulties which hnvo
hitherto occurred between the great
railroad companies nnd these in their
pay would not occur in future. The
movement is the natural nnd necessary
outcome of the vnst development re
ferred to In the opening paragraphs of
this paper. It is based on a simple
recognition of acknowledged fncts , nnd
follows the lines of action with which
the people of this country are most
familiar. The path Indicated Is that In
which for centuries they have boon ac
customed to tread. It hns led them out
of many difficulties. Why not out of
this difficulty ?
Drcntns.
CliarltfA , FIIM in Clitcaati Times.
Mysterious phantoms ! thnt over our minus
Hold freely tholr revolt so light ;
No power prevents them , nor spoil over
binds ,
( These weird , Rhostly croatui-oa of night.
For softly tlioy enter the portals of thought ,
And Into our slumbers they creep ,
While strange arc the pictures BO vividly
wrought
On the canvas of mind as wo sleep.
Urlght visions of future , soft gleams of the
past ,
They trace with a dnllcato hand ;
But crlnlo nnd repentance they paint whllo
they last
With the blackest tholr art can command.
StranRO warnings wo see , dark forebodings
of 111 ,
Tbnt over us come like n pall ;
Wo can not1 forgot them , for laugh as wo
will
How often that dream wo recall.
But this Is not all , for nt times o'er the soul ,
As If from some heavenly cllmo ,
Soft wuves of harmonious symphony roll ,
So dulcet and sweet nnd sublime.
That oft through the dtiy tftor slumber de
parts
A lingering chord will remain
To memory dour , and wo wish in our hearts
That in dreams we may hear it again ,
And sometimes mcthlnks we do find It again ,
And in rapture wo listen once more ,
While memory asks as we catch the ro-
from
Where Heard wo that music before !
Oh , wonderful phantoms 1 mysterious pow
ers 1
Ye nro masters indeed of year art ;
And the visions wo see in our slumbering
hours ,
Ere daylight doth bid theo depart.
May carry dark omen , may fill us with woe
Or with happiness brightly mav beam ,
Yet their spoil is soon o'er for with morninc ;
wo know
We shall wake and find naught but a
drcain.
For Nervous Debility
Use Hesfortt's Acid Phosphate.
Dr. H. T. Turner , Kasson , Minn. , says :
' I hnvo found it very beneficial in nervous
doyllity.from any causo.nna for indigestion. "
They're Limited.
Wo have some Special Hnrgalns In
MEN'S SUITS for you this week ,
night at the beginning of the season ire
propose to do you some good , aud have
made special prices on some especially
good suits $7 , $3 , 510 and ? 13. Coma early'
llrat choice.
F1NEWATCH
RECEIVES PROMPT ATTENTION
B. IREY.
TO LOAN ;
On C'lty and Fnrm Prouertyl
GASH ON HAND ,
Mortgage Pupor Bought Kren-
zer Block , opp. P. O.
0MAHA BUSINESS QLlEGE
Bind for College Journal
( Junior Capitol Avv. and lOtli SI ,
OraatiaSteamDye
WORKS.f.ace
f.ace Curtains
clouuea. C. T. PAULSON , Prcp'r.
' . To
It'lllowurJ-st. ;
DR8. BETTS & BETTS
1M)3 ) I'AIINAM BTUKKT , OMAHA , NKD.
( Opposite PAiton Hotol. )
Olllco honrs , 0 n. m. to 8 p. m. Sundays , 10 a.
m. to 1 p. in. .
dpoclnllsts n Chronic , Nervous , Skin and
lllood DtSCHRBS.
tsT Consult tlon nt ollico or by malt free.
Meutclnc.i sent by mall or express , securely
pacicod. free from observation. Utiariuitccso
euro iiulrkly. safely nnd nonimnently.
UUDunilCf nrnil I I'V ' Sppniintorrhu-n , Bomt-
flhKYUUO UhDlLUl imlIossovNlglitimU- :
Blous , 1'hynlcal Decay , arising from Indiscre
tion. Kxces3 or Indulgence , producing Blcop-
IcssnoMs , Despondency , . I'lmples on the face.
aversion to iwloty , easily discouraged , lack of
confidence , dull , until for study or btiHlucai.and
Units life a burden , safely , iiorinanoutly and
privately cured. Consult l rs. Dotts & lletti ,
4tH F nrnam St. , Omaha , Neu.
Bloofl and Skin Diseases
remits , completely eradicated without the aid
of Mnrcurv. Pcrorula , Kryfllpclas , Kover Sores ,
Illotchoi , Ulcers. 1'nlns in the Head aud Hones ,
Syphilitic Sore Throat , Mouth and Toui-uo , Ca
tarrh.c. . . permanently cured where others
have failed. r
ih'flnntr ITrinQPtT imj niaddor Complaints ,
lilQIlGV. Utllldiy Palntul. Dlllli'Ult , fee In-
qucnt liurnlm ? or Illoody Drlno , Urine hlgn col
ored orvltl milky sediment on standing ,
Weak Hack , Gomiorrlncn , Oleot. Cystitis , ftc. ,
Promptly andSafcly Cured , Charges Reasona
ble.
ble.GTlTTflrnTT'R'Fl Guaranteed per-
&J.JML\sJL UXV-Cil
- nmiiimt cure , re
moval complete , without cutting , caustic or
dilatation. Cures eflucted nt homo bv patient
without n moments caln or uimovnuce.
To Young Mon aui Middle-Aged Men ,
A < 3ITDP TTIDP Tll < > awful effects of early
A UUIUJ uUltD Vice , which nrliiRS organic
weakness , dcstrovlnebotli mind nnd bodv , with
all Its rtroadod Ills , permanently cured.
HBO tUJTim Aclress tliose wno Uavo Impaired
LinO , Dill 10 themselves by Improper Indul
gences and solitary liablfl , which ruin both
body and mind , unfitting them for business ,
study or marriage. ,
MAIUIIKD Sin * , or these enter JIB on tlinthnp-
Py life , aware of physical doblllty , quickly as
sstoa.
Is based upon facts. First Practical Expe
rience. Second Kvory case Is especially studied ,
thus starting aright. Third Medicines are pre
pared In our laboratory exactly to suit etch
case , thus allectlng cures without Injury.
CnySeud 0 cents postage for celebrated works
on Chronic , Nervous and Dulloato Diseases.
Thousands cured , ti7 A friendly letter or call
mavsavoyou fntuie mill'crlnir aud Bhuiue , and
add golden years to life. r No letters' an
swered unless accompanied by 4 cents in stamps.
j (
1403 1'aruam Srteot , Omaha , Neb.
Dr. J. E. McGrew ,
Ono of Most Successful
SPECIALISTS
n the Treatment of all Chronic , Spe
cial and Private Diseases ,
LOSS OF MANHOOD anaiMsoraer oniie
Sexual Organs absolutely cured.
ta n11 w of a
PRIVATE DISEASES
euro will be guarau-
toed.
niQCAQCC IIU treatment for which
UIOLHOku ( jives tin ) most bountiful
complexion , nnd n perfect skin.
CONSULTATION FREE ,
Send stamp Cor reply.
Office Bushman Block , IOth and
Douglas Sts , , Oinahn , Neb ,
PATRONISE
lome-m
TRAD MARK ,
"RED LABEL. '
JAMES mciunns , u. i. LK VIIILLE.
RICHARDS & CO. ,
Contractors and Builders
Room 25 , Omaha National Bank Building ,
OMAHA , - - - NIUIUAHHA-
H. B. BROWN ,
Carpenter and Builder ,
AllJob Work promptly attended to. Ktoro ami
Olllco lUtlngs and wlro screens n upccialty.
1612 Glwrlos Stroot.
.CO
WlthHnrceMfulKij > riep for NEW PICTORIAL
8AliAUt.U IJOOK. Ailciiun
AT ONOB , elntlnu
' . Bucciw , e' .
.O.TH8MfSOHPUB.CO.niOPineBt..ST. ICUH.M 0 ,
H HH M B" NESSCURE D ir i'i rat.
WjfL EL f vial ULZTDIUimAR CUSHIONS
f0 KM Til Ukliura httril < liilMllr < ContorUUe.
> t i > ki.I"0 < ) '
dd MI Tot calico if. HIBOOX. il Vi if. Y.
JOHN T. DIIMH
COMPANY.
Room 49 Barker Block.
Tlio Income Properly Cnn IJo Mmlo to
Produce , ( taverns Us Value.
Largo list of property to select from.
No property llstod , except at fair vnlun
lion. Business and inside property a
specialty.
Trackage Property
for sale or lonso from Union Pacific
bridge north to Grace street , among
which nro two or throe choice bargains
Money Loaned
On improved or gilt edged unimproved
real estate.
ALL TITLES
Are examined by us nnd must bo per
fect before wo will recommend purchase
of property.
Jolm T. Dillon lUil Co.
Room 49 Barker Block ,
C. M. Jordan
Iato of tlio University
of Nuw York City ami
llowttnU'nlvcrslty.wusli-
liiuton. . < : .
HAS OKFlCr.3
No. ! ) I Omul till
„ KiimgoIlnllilhiK ,
ECorncr Fifteenth ami liar
nt3. . Onr.iha , Nob.
i\\ni > ro all onr.illo cawo
nro treated with HUB
cess.
. , . . ,4 , , . , - . ASTHMA , nvspii' ; tnnr. .
KK8M , UllKUM.VTlNM , Att , Nl'.IIVOUS AND SlvIN
DISKASE8.
CATAIIKII Cunvin.
CXINSUWATION at olflco or by mull , ? 1.
Olllce hours u to 11 n. m. , 2to l p. in. , 7 to 8p ,
m.Sundavollicohours rromOa. in. , to IP. m.
ilanvdiseases ure treated gticcostfnllv uy Df-
.lordon tlironun the inatlfi.iiud It la tluiu po.sjtblo
for those unable to mixkn a jonrnoy to o'otulu
SOCCBSMFOr , HOSl'lTAC. TIIKATMKNT AT
THKlll UOMUS.
Send for book on Disease * ot Isose , Thio.it ,
M. M. Ilamliti , Pluuuixlus. Co.
8. A. Orchard , Carpet Dealer.
John Plielby. Grocer.
John Hubh. City 'I're.isurov
Health is Wealth !
Dn.U.O. Wr.ST's NEIIVE AMI DRAIN TIIEAT-
UU.NT , aguaranteod spaclUc for Hysteria , Dizzi
ness. Convulsions , Pits , Nervotia Neuralgia ,
Headache , Nervous Prostration caused by the
UKO of alcohol or tobacco , Wakefulucss , Mental
Iepru44lon , Sotu-alng of the II rain , resulting in
In.sunltvnir.l leadlnuto misery , decay and death.
1'iematnre Old Ago , Harronn t'8.1ss of Power
in cither sex. Involuntary Lowes and Bpermat-
orhtua caused by ovur-oxertlonof thobraln.Ralf.
abusn or ovurludulgpnce. Ktich box contalnt
ono month's ti ontmont. Jl.OO a box , or six boxe.t
for JVW.sont by mall prepaid on rocolpt of price.
WB GUARANTEE SIX BOXES
To cure any case. With each order received by
us for six boxes , accompanied with W.OO , we will
Bend th purchaser our wrlttan guarantee to re
fund tlio mouey If Ine treatment does not otfectj
a cure. Guarantees issued only by Goodman
Drug Co. , Drugghts , Sole Agents , lUO 1'uroam
btreot. Omaha Neb. .
WHEN purchasing a fine
Shoe it is natural to select -
loct that which is pleasing to
the eye in style nnd finish ; the
material must be of the finest
texture , and when on the foot
the shoe must combine beauty
and comfort.
The Ludlow Shoe Possesses this Feature ,
IF YOU TRY ONE PAIR
You Will Wear No other Mako.T *
Bold br over 100 dealeri In Ctilcairo.and the belt
trade throughout tin Unltei ) mntei.
Bee That They A rn Btuiupf d "I.UDI.OTV. "
DR. BAILEY ,
DENTIST.
Toetb extruded without piln or danger tij n
Gold and AHojr nillnnt at lowoU rntei.
Bound root * iKTea br crownlnit.
All tllllui rvuliu < r u lor imiiro referenoa.
1'aitoa Ulock , K.th and Karnnui
Olllco open from 7 to H vtnlns .
'
OMAHA STOVE REPAIR WORKS.
8O8-810 N. 16th St.
HOnEHT UHUfi , I'rop , , C. M. BATON , Manager. Telephone 030 ;
Ilup.ilra tor all Sloven nnd llanos mndo , llrlllmnt Oasoline Stoves , gloves taken In exchange
] ) .irt payment. Uanollne lIurnorH made to order and thoroughly repaired.
Telephone to us or send curd uud wo will call and ettlmato work of any kind.
THE BEST REFRIGERATORS ,
st Vapor Stoves anil Jcwctt Filters and Coolers.
AT HKASONAAM : IKA.TJCS.
WM. EYLE DICKEY & CO , , 1413 Douglas St.
THE BUSINESS OF
THE OMAHA MERCHANT TAILOR COMPANY ,
114 SOUTH IfiTII STBKHT ,
Hai far exccraed tltelr expectations , Tnu low prices , togetuer with flne work ana perfect nt , Juiv
convinced i liolr customers tlint It Is tbe cheapest place to buy tuc'r garroeuu. Tli y ura m
ntuntly rccolvluK new goojn for the summer traJe.
SUITS 1'JIOM 9US UPWAItUS. PANT * i-'IXO.tl 7 U1MVAKD0 ,