Nebraska Newspapers

    r
THE OMAHA DAILY BEE
EIGHTEENTH YEAR. OMAHA. WEDNESDAY , MORNING. OCTOBER 3 , 1888 ; NUMBER 111
A CRAZED MOTHER'S ' CRIMES ,
Sbo Deliberately Strangles Her Two
Bnby Children
AND THEN COMMITS SUICIDE-
Tlio Unfortunate Woman
Under n Kit if Temporary In
mvnlly Wlicn Hlio Com
mitted tlic Deed.
Donhlc Murder nml Suicide.
BLUB SPUING" , Nub. , Oct. 2. [ Special
Telegram to Tun line. ] The wife of George
Pofllnbarger lies ut her homo to-night a
corpse , having taken her own life about 3
o'clock tills afternoon by shooting herself In
the breast with n 'IS-cnltbro revolver. Hy
her side llo the bodies of her two children ,
boyn , aged about one and three years. Pre
vious to talcing her own life she had tied n
piece of doth about each of their necks and
htranglcd them to death. Then placing them
In bed fiico to face she took her own life.
Neighbors hearing the shot rushed into the
IIOUBU when the saddening bight met their
eyes. Mrs. I'ofllnbarger was a lady cstoemcu
by all , a member of the Presbyterian church
and no one can surmise what would induce
her to do the rash deed. She left the follow
ing letter ; " 1 write this to clear any and
everybody. George was too good to inc. I
take them along with me for I cmi'tsco their
future , and take my own for I know I am goIng -
Ing crazy , and it would be worse than to die.
Oh , God ! I have pr.iycd for the right. I have
fought to keep up before I said anything ,
and thought I would. Lti.t P. "
Her mother , Mrs. Dr. J. O. Hoot , had left
her a half hour before and she was appar
ently well. Her husband is at Beatrice at
tending court. She was a line lady and the
k terrible tragedy casts a gloom over the town.
Her husband and parents arc nearly crazed
r with grief. The opinion is that she was tem
porarily deranged.
Sherman County'H Candidate.
LOUP CITV , Neb. , Oct. 2. [ Special to TUB
BIK. : ] Francis W. Fullur.who was nominat
ed by the county republican convention last
Tuesday , Is the llrst representative which
Sherman county has had the honor to nom
inate alone. Mr. Fuller was born In Mount
Carroll , 111. , February 10 , 18-10 , but was edu
cated In Vermont , the former homo of his
parents. At the ago of eighteen ho , with his
parents , moved to Galcsburg , 111. , where ho
for twenty years followed the mercantile
business. In 1S83 he closed out his business
nml came to Nebraska , settling on a farm
near Purls postolllcc , Sherman county ,
und has since given his whole
attention to the improvement of
his farm and the comfort of his familyand is
regarded by his neighbors u very conscien
tious and honorable gentleman. Mr. Fuller
has taken no prominent part in politics since
moving to Nebraska , but has always been u
strong republican In principle , but conserva
tive in his vlowa. If elected Mr. Fuller will
not antagonize the railroads , but will work
conscientiously for Just and equitable legis
lation , over keeping In view the wishes of
his constituents. Being a gentleman of
means as well ai very conscientious , the
usual umount of "lubricator" will bo no in
ducement to turn him from ivlmt liu ccm-
Hidcrs his duty. On the prohibition question
ho is very conroi'vative , but will probably
favor submission. Be will bo a strong sup
porter of Mandcrson , and , all in all , locally ,
the feeling is that no butter choice could
have been made.
J. Sterling Morton at Lincoln.
LINCOLN , Neb. , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram
to TUB Bnu.l The reception tendered to
Hon. J. Sterling Morton to-night was all
that the most enthusiastic democrat could
expect. Ho alighted from the Union Pacitlc
passenger train ut 0:20 : and was met nt the
depot by a reception committee and the K. of
P. bund. Soon after night fall every demo
cratic club in the city , in uniform and bear
ing torches , were in parade line and on
the march , The scene was creditable. At
BQo'clock Bohunun's hull was filled to
the utmost and J. J. Butler , president of the
Cleveland and Thurman club , introduced
Mr. Morton , however expressing regret that
the death of Mr. McShanc's aunt had pre
vented his attendance , but promised that ho
would bo hero in the near future. J. Ster
ling Morton addressed the uudlcnco at great
I length. Bo said that the party ho had the
honor to represent was not committed to free
trade , but that it was in hearty accord with
the provisions of the Mills tariff bill. But his
hpecch sounded very much like peed Cob-
dun club doctrine. His illustrations were
witty and rounds of nppluuso greeted him
from time to time. Ho spoke confidently
of national democratic success und thought it
possible that the party might achieve n sig
nal victory In the state on election day.
While the speaker straddled the fence on the
tariff issue us much as possible , there was a
train of thought in his address that clearly
indicated ho would like to have the power
to answer England's prayer. After the close
of his address Mr. Morton and other promi
nent democrats enjoyed a banquet at the res
idence of Judge Suvugc.
Living on Hot Lemonade.
LINCOLN , Neb. , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram
to TIIU Br.n. ] Fred Micklewait , doubtless
the largest conductor in the United States , is
now on n second fifteen days' fast. At * , G
o'clock this ho had
evening passed forty-
right hours of the Journey. Bo exists on hot
lemonade alone. Ho weighs almost four hun
dred pounds and hopes to reduce his flesh by
the course. This , hi- says , is his only object.
Ho successfully pcrfoi mcd u like feat a short
tlmo ago nml reduced himself over ilfty
pounds. Ho is n Missouri Pacific conductor
between this pluce and Auburn , Ncmaha
county. _
Doth Men Claim the Nomination.
LINCOLN , Neb. , Oct. 2. ( Special Telegram
to Tin : Bin-Tho ] state central committee
met this evening to consider the difllculty in
the Sixty-seventh representative district ,
where both Wildman and Meeker chilm the
nomination to the lower house. U was de
cided to send n committee to the scene of
trouble , and Webster , Katon and Wadsworlh
wcro appointed. An effort will bo made to
hot tie the dilllculty after the manner adopted
in the Kcckloy-Reul contest.
Exonerates the Compr.ny ]
NKIIIUSKA CITY , Nob. , Oct. 2. [ Special
Telegram to THE Bic. : ] A coroner's iuniicst
was hold this afternoon on the body of Mr ,
Hail , who was killed by n Missouri Pacific
train last evening , and the verdict exoner
ates the company and employes from all
blame. The evidence showed that Mr. Hail
had nt different times before had narrow
escapes from being run over at the same
place. Tlio funeral was held this afternoon ,
conducted by Rev. Dr. Green.
IllncltHinith Shop Burned.
Sr.\VAii : > , Neb , , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram
to Tins Bur. ] . Wnlcr Tobias' blochsniltti
nhop was destroyed by llro to-nght. Cause
unknown. U U u total loss , No insurance
Value , $1,000.
Horse Thief Arrested.
NKinusii.CiTr , Oct. 2. ( Special Tclegran
to TUB IJKc.l--Chief Winton to-day urrestu
n stranger with a horse In his possession an
Kwering the description received by tolegrapl
from Do Kalb , Mo. , of a horse stolen there t
few days ajo. _
Flouring MIU | Burnod.
GIIAND ISLAND , Neb. , Oct. 2. [ Special
to Tun JIKK. ] Tic llouHuu mllli
of J. P. Hensley nt Dannebrog were burned
last night. The loss was complete , reaching
about J-10,000 , with no insurance. Thcro Is
very llttlo doubt that It was the work of an
Incendiary. Mr , Hensley formerly resided
in Grand Island and was here on business
when the lire occurred.
TIIK CllltlSIIAN CliUllCir.
ProceednKH ! oT the Annual Conven
tion at St. tloHcph , Mo.
ST. JOSEPH , Mo. , Oct. 2. [ Special Tele
gram to Tun Bcn.l The first session of the
Missouri Christian convention was held this
morning. There nro now moro than two
hundred and Ilfty ministers and delegates in
the city. Rev. M. M. Geode , of this city ,
presided over the convention. After ad
dresses of welcome ana responses , Rev. T. I' .
Haley , president of the missionary board ,
made his report. The board has appropriated
S2CO for preaching to the Germans. It em
ploys no colored evangelists , but aids local
churches , It was recommended that a taber
nacle be secured In which to hold state con
ventions in the future , and that they bo held
the first TilPsday after the llrst Sunday In
October. Rev. (5. A. Hoffmann , the cor
responding secretary , made his report , show
ing IMS ( baptisms ; l.Iiri churches , organized
! I5 ; paid to evangelists , $ l"i.i3."i : ; money raised
for church building , JJ40,1-5' ' . ! ! . ) . Kev. T. R.
Bryan , of ICansas City , treasurer , made the
llnancial report , showing a balance of
J'J-tS > S < ; U in the treasury. The committee of
nine appointed at the last convention to find
a suitable location for the proposed college ,
met at 2:10 : ! o'clock and appointed a commit
tee with power to net. Scdalia , ICansas City
and Canton arc most favorably spoken of ,
and two members of the committee are from
Kansas City. The denomination will spend
$500,000 in the location of their college.
Little business was transacted at the after
noon session of the convention. The college
committee was increased from ten to fifteen ,
and was granted further time to act. Rev.
S. 1C. Reese , of Fulton , delivered the even
ing discourse. The roll of delegates to-night
numbered 3'J5.
T13N DUIjljAUS A Il.VUUIUj.
A Prediction That Flour Will Touch
This Price Before I.OIIK.
MiNNP.U'OLts , Oct. 2. Flour has advanced
here $2 within two months , and it is pro
dieted that it will touch $10 a barrel. Charles
A. PilUbury , head of the largest milling firm
in the world , said to-day : We have had a
little squall In prices , but that Is nothing to
the cyclone that is coming later on. My
reason for this is the fact that there is not
enough good milling wheat In this country to
supply our local demand for good flours , to
say nothing of the foreign demand , which
cuts no licuro on the present crop , as no
matter how much they would offer for our
Hour our home trade must have it ut high
prices. "
LONDON , October 2. The corn millers' as
sociation , at a meeting held at Leeds to-day ,
advanced the prices of flour Is lid per bag of
IS stone , making u rise of 7 per bag within
seven weeks. The advance is duo to the
poor condition of English und the increased
values of foreign wheats.
Adopted tlio Wciuliini ; System.
CHICAGO , Oct. 2. The representatives of
the railways west of the Missouri river do
cidcd to-day , at a meeting here , to adopt the
weighing system for live stock shipments
and apply the same minimum weights and
the same rates per hundred pounds as those
heretofore adopted by the Chicago roads
allowing a differential of bj cents to Missis-
| | ! river polnt.i. It wan Uccidcil , howuvur ,
that the necessary preparations could not be
completed to put these rates into effect be
fore October 25 , and the lines cast of the
Missouri river agreed to postpone action
until that date.
Bunkcru in Convention.
CINCINNATI , Oct. 2. The American Bank
ers' association will hold its annual meeting
here to-morrow and Thursday. Already a very
large mi mberof members arc present to attend
the meeting of the executive counsel to-night.
To-morrow the active business begins ,
though the Cincinnati members have ar
ranged such a comprehensive system of en
tertainments that the time left for business
is shortened. The association has been li
existence since 1Sii , and though its primary
object is to form a closer union among bank-
'crs for mutual benefit , its deliberations und
suggestions have had a much wider scope.
Corrupt Indiana Flection Schemes.
CHICHOO , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram to
Tin : Bin : . ] A special to tlio News from Indianapolis -
dianapolis says : It is claimed that the exis
tence of a secret organization of democrats
for the evident purpose of putting into oper
ation corrupt election schemes has been dis
covered at several points in Indiana , and if il
docs not already , it will extend throughout
the state before the close of the campaign
Persons are paid benefits to become menr
bcrs of tlio order , and In one of thu initiating
degrees it , is said theio is a pledge to vote for
Cleveland , Matson and Myers.
The Veiled Prophets' Parade.
ST. Louis , Oct. 2. The annual parade of
Veiled Prophets to-night was an immense
affair , and was witnessed by more .than a
quarter of a million people. Floats repre
sented scenes from Mother Goose and Esop's
fables , and u gorgeous display was made , a
hundred fold moro brilliant and beautiful by
being illuminated by over sixty thousand gas
Jets and electric lights in vari-colorcd glasses
alone thu line of march. The parade was
followed by the grand dress ball at the Mer
chant's hull , which was a very brilliant affair.
New York Criminals Kseape.
NEW YOIIK , Oct. -Threo prisoners es
caped from the pen hi the general sessions
court hero this morning while awaiting their
turn to plead. They wcro John IClnnny , in
dicted for murder in the llrst dcgreo ; Henry
C. Hardy , bunk robber , and William Cun
ningham , convicted of assault. Cunningham
was shortly after re-arrested. The others
have not been apprchondoj.
Mormon Immigrants Hnleased.
SALT LAKH CITY , Oct 2. [ Special Tele
gram to Tin : Br.u. ] A private telegram re
ceived hero from New York by the Mormon
church authorities states that all of the
twenty immigrants who were detained last
week ut that port by the custom house
authorities huvo been released und will ut
once proceed to this territory.
Made Good the Amount.
NEW YOUK , Oct. 2. The law firm of Ship
man , Barlow , Luroquo & Choato yesterday
sent to the Farmers' Loan and Trust com
pany a certified check for 112,004 In settle
ment for the moneys which James F. Bedell ,
their trusted employe , obtained from the
trust company by means of bogus mortgages.
Patents Granted Nohr.-mka Inventors.
WASHINGTON , Oct. 2. ( Special Telegram
to THE BEC.I The following Nebraska pat
ents , wore granted to-day : Augustus C. L.
Davis , Madison , siding gau o ; William B.
Tyler , David City , snap hook ; James H.
Woodward , Seward , therapeutic electrode ;
Jesse F. Warner , Wlanebaifo , fence-wire
stretcher.
Six Persons Killed.
PANAMA , Oct 2. The boiler of a large Iron
mud conveying steamer In Asplnwull , Sep
tember IS , exploded , killing six of the eight
persons aboard. The vessel itself was de
stroyed , as was another steamer In the vicin
ity , while an iron lighter near by was cut In
two as If by n knife.
-
Catlln Thieves Sentenced.
DILLON , Mont. , Oct. ! ) . [ Special Telegram
to Tiir.'Bci : . ] Judge MrConnel to-day sen.
tcnccd Reuben Pnndray to $100 rino and
seven yearn In the penitentiary , and Joe
Jaguars to { 100 line and three years In the
both for caUlo stealing.
THE REPUBLICAN TARIFF BILL
An Abstract of the Measure to Bo
Given the Press This Afternoon.
TALK OF A RECESS OF CONGRESS
Senator Illnlr Iiimiltcd in Virginia
Succzlnic | Federal Kmploycrf
The Imto Vice President
HcndrlcltH Slighted
Will lie Made Puldlo To-Dny.
WASin.voTbv Bt'iiiur Tin : OMAHA Br.n , )
613 ForiiTiiNTH STIIKKT.
WASIIIXOTOX , D. U. , Oct. 2. )
There Is very little , if any , doubt that the
republican substitute for the Mills tariff bill ,
prepared by the senate committee on finance ,
will be made public and published by the
press of this country within the next twenty-
four hours. This morning Senators Harris
and Vance , the democratic members of the
committee on llnance , who represent the
minority at present , received from Senator
Beck , who is at Fortress Monroe , the draft
of the minority report against the republican
tariff bill. Senator Beck requests that in the
event his colleagues on the committee do
not wish to accept his report , that it should
go to the senate as representing his views
with the other reports at the same time the
whole matter is made public. Messrs. Har
ris and Vance wcro locked up in a committee
room all day going over the manuscript of
Mr. Beck , and It is not known to-night to
Just what extent the views of Mr. Beck will
bo used In the preparation of what will bo
the minority report proper. As stated in
thcso dispatches last night the tariff bill and
majority report which will go with it h ave
been ready for the public se.veral days , and
only the report to bo submitted by the demo
crats is awaited. Late this afternoon work
was begun upon an abstract of the republi
can bill which Is to bo ofllciallv given to the
press to-morrow afternoon. This work re
quires a great deal of skill , inasmuch as the
bill Is in nn almost incomprehensible lorm.
The present law must also be consulted
closely in the compilation of an intelligent
description of the bill. It is intended that
thu measure shall be given to the public on
ono day , and the majority and minority re-
potts on the succeeding day , there being too
much of them all to receive publication on
one day. Hopublican members of the com
mittee on llnance say the debate upon the
bill will commence the latter part of this or
llrst of next week , and that it is to be pushed
ahead as rapidly as possible. Thcro was n
good deal of talk among the democrats in
the house , to-day , however , about a
recess of congress. The democratic mem
bers of the committee on ways and means
who are now in the city favor the adoption
of a concurrent resolution within the next
ten days providing for a recess till about the
middle of November , and it is not improbable
that before the debate has proceeded in the
senate on the tariff bill more than a week
that congress will take a recess over the
election.
rOMTICAI , OfTIUGD IN VinOINIA.
Senator Blair of New Hampshire , author
of the Blair educational bill , was in his seat
in the senate to-day and was subjected to
many inquiries concerning the incident in
which ho ligurcd at Charlottesville , Va. ,
yesterday. While Senator Blair was speak
ing for the republican licliut an Infuriated
democrat threw rotten eggs at him. Senator
Blair proposes in his educational bill to give
$5,01)0,000 ) to the education of the poor - > vhito
and blaeic people of Virginia. To educate
thcso people is to make the state republican , ,
and there is no man so intensely unpopular
with the unreconstructed population of that
state as Senator Blair. During his efforts
to speak in behalf of his educational
bill yesterday he was grossly insulted
by his political opponents , who attempted to
do him violence. The senator to-day refused
to make any comment upon the subject.
AN IXSUI.T TO miCNDS OF THE LATE Mil.
IICXDKICKS.
Thcro is a great deal of indignation among
the friends in Washington of the late Vice
President Hcndricks on account of the name
of that illustrious statesman being loft out of
the democratic campaign book. While there
is mention made of all other vice presidents ,
and of many prominent politicians , the name
of this man , the most illustrious of them all
and the most revered of any democrat , is
silent. It is generally believed here that the
omission was intentional. If it was simply a
slight , the cut was not less cruel to the
friends of Mr. Hcndricks.
s < ji'Ei/ixn : TIII : rcimuu. EMPLOYES.
Chairman Brice is getting in his work for
campaign contributions from the fcderol em
ployes throughout the country. Not only are
the clerks in the executive departments in
Washington receiving circulars demanding
contributions , but thu members of the police
force here were to-day solicited by Chairman
Brice. Several days ago Secretary Vilas
sent four copies of the official register , or
blue book , to the national committee from
which names of all federal employes are
taken for assessment purposes.
AKMV OIDIKS. : :
Changes of stations of medical ofllccrs :
Surgeon A. W. Taylor , relieved from duty at
Fort Hobinson and ordered to duty at Fort
Grant , Arizona Territory , relieving Assist
ant Surgeon W. B. Carbuslcr , who is ordered
to duty at Fort Hayes , Kansas , relieving
Surgeon H. M. Cronknito , ordered to duty at
Little Kock barracks. Surgeon G. W.'Adalr ,
relieved from duty at Fort Brady , Mich. , and
ordered to duty at Fort Hobinson , Neb.
Detail of oflieurs at educational institu
tions : At the University of Nebraska , Lin
coln , Neb. , Second Lieutenant Thomas W.
Grimth. Eighteenth infantry. At the Pur-
duo University , Lafayette , Ind. , First Lieu
tenant Abner Pickering , Second infantry.
Leaves of absence : Captain Frank D. Gar-
rctty , Seventeenth infantry , ono month ;
First Lieutenant Frederick M. B. ICendrick ,
Seventh Infantry , four months ; Colonel Silas
Crisvin , ordnance department , three months.
MINOll .MATTI'.IH.
L. J. Terry and sister , of North Platte ,
are here.
This ovcnlnc's Star "The
says : announce
ment is nittdo of the marriage , October 'SO , of
Miss Hattie A. , eldest daughter of Senator
Paddock , to O. J. Colluian , of Nebraska.
The wedding will take place at Alemma
Pluoe , Beatrice , Nob. , the homo of the fam
ily. Miss Paddock was quite a favorite in
Washington society last winter , and her largo
circle of fricndb in this city will regret that
she is not to bo hero again. "
The comptroller of the currency to-day ap
proved the Merchants' National bunk of
Omaha as reserve agent for the Beatrice
National bank of Beatrice , Neb.
Nebraska and Iowa Pensions.
WASHINGTON , Sept. 2o. [ Special Tele
gram to TIIC Bun.l Pensions for Ncbras-
kans : Original invalid William II. Ennls
Webster City , William /.ike , Redding ;
Nicholas Uglow , Goshen ; John A. Goad ,
New London ; John M. Miller , Clarlnda ;
John F.Onill , Prairie City ; Lewis T. Hickok ,
Dubuque ; Hobort Townsley , Mt. Etna ;
Sylvester Flummer , Bedford ; Hobert F.
KInkcr , Numa ; John Klmary , Mmburn ; Co
lumbus W. Hawley , low.i Fulls ; Michael
Schneider , Charles City ; Kobart Caliber ,
Leon ; Gllvcr P. Miller , Glcndon.
Pensions for lowans : Original invalid-
Adam Heffner , Ncllgh ; Samuel H. Frazier ,
Wynioro ; John S. Bunnu. Mindenj William
A. WiHoucliby , Clear Water. Mexican
widows Sarah J. , widow of HIchard M.
Parsons , Indian Creek.
Patents Granted to Westerners.
WASHINGTON , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram
to THE BEB. ] Pensons ! granted Nebraska
and Iowa Inventors to-day : Phillip F. Car
roll , Manchester , la. , coke dropping machine ;
Augustus C. L. Davis , Madison , Neb. , siding
Kaugo ; Thomas W. Graham , Dubuque , la. ,
bolting machine ; Clarence H. Hurt , Sioux
City , la. , cuff holder ; Euiunucl am ] J , P.
Ilicaart , Neola , ji. , end. gate lor WOEOD ;
Joseph W. Thompson , Mount Pleasant , la. ,
buckswan frame ; Thomas Tomllnson ,
Clarinda , la. , lotion ; William H. Tyler , David
City , Neb. , snap hook ; Jesse F. Warren ,
Winnebairo , Neb. , fence wire stretcher ; Will-
lam H. Woodard , assignor of one-half to F.
.1. Ilansen , Sioux City , la. , weather strip ;
James H. Woodward , Seward , Neb. , thera
peutic electrode. _ _
Washington Brevities.
Mho state department has been informed
by telegraph that the treaty of "amity , com
merce and navigation" between this gov
ernment and Peru has been ratified by the
latter.
Acting Secretary Thompson to-day tele-
graphe dtho provisions of the Chinese exclu
sion act , which went Into effect yesterday ,
to the collector of customs at San Francisco ,
and at the same time Issued a circular to the
customs ofllcers at other ports , promulgating
the law , and instructing them to see to its
strict enforcement. H is said that there are
nearly eight hundred Chinese immigrants on
a s'camshlp which Is expected to arrive ut
San Francisco on Thursday.
THIS YHMjQW FKVKH.
Tlie Situation Far From EncournR-
IIIK at Dccatnr.
NASHVILLE , Tcnn , , Sept. 2. A special
'
from Dccatur , Ala. , says that the situation
Is less encouraging to-day. The weather Is
considerably warmer than at any tlmo dur-
ng the past two weeks , and this , coupled
ivlth a light rain last nlijlit , makes the yel
low fever cot In its work at n lively rate.
\ young colored man died last night , mid it
s thought that W. B. Black will not live
.111 morning. Four new cases are reported
and two others are thought to bo yellow
fever. Eighteen cases are now under treat
ment , and two of them will bo dead before
Horning.
WASHINGTON , Oct. 2. Dr. Button , at
Samp Perry , has telegraphed to Surgeon
General Hamilton HS follows :
"Over fifty worthy destitute people in the
_ amp are discharged and unable to getawav.
I cannot turn the women and children into
the woods to starve. Please divert some
charitable funds hero to aid them. The shot
un quarantine will not allow them to stop
south of Atlanta.
In response to this telegram Dr. Button
was authorized to furnish transportation up
on government vouchers to all such persons
as are unable to leave the camp.
Surgeon Uoss , U. S. N. , telegraphed to
day : "No deaths , but four new
cases since September 20. New cases
to-day , six ; under treatment , twenty
one. No immediate need of government re
lief here. The report of smallpox is entirely
unfounded. An investigation has been or-
ilercd of the suspicious cases of dengue fever
ut St. Augustine. "
The following was telegraphed from Jack
son , Miss. , to Representative Hooker : "Will
wo get rations or money from the govern
ment ! The colored people nro clamorous for
food. Our supply Is very limited. This of-
llco is crowded with applicants. They are
deserving , there being no work for them ,
quarantined within the city limits. What Is
done should be done quickly. "
JACKSONVILLE , Fla. , Oct. 2. For the
twenty-four hours ending at t' > p. in. , not one
death from yellow fever bus born reported.
This is the lirst Instance of a like record in
many weeks. The number of new cases to
day was ! ) S , of which 33 were white and 00
colored. Total cases to date , 2S'it ; total
deaths , 204. Ration tickets arc being rapidly
reduced. The finance committee reported
the receipt of $ tli93 ; to-day.
A later message from.his . suburban homo
brings the news of Colonel Daniels' death ,
Ho was a native of Sauth Carolina , but a
resident of Florida for over forty years.
"
A. F. & A. ar.
Forty-ninth Annual Communication
of the Illinois Grand Lodge.
CHICAGO , Oct. 2. The first session of the
forty-ninth annual communication of the
grand lodge , A. F. & A. M. , of the state of
Illinois was held to-day at Central Music hall.
Grand Master J , C. Smith , In his annual ad
dress , referred to the death of Past Grand
Master William Lavely nt Springfield
last January. Hs also directed the
attention of the members to
the Illinois Masonic orphans' homo
and ho urged liberal contribution towards its
support. The grand secretary's report
showed a net increase in membership during
the year of 513 , the total membership now
being -10,7U'J. Reports wcro also made by the
committees on appeals and grievances , corre
spondence and obituary. Remarks were
made Joseph A. Hawley , bo Witt C. Cregier
and Joseph Robbins relative to the death of
Past Grand Master William Lavely.
Drowning nt Kin Francisco.
SAN FHANCISCO , Oct. 2. James McGrath ,
night watchman , Peter Tregunsi , grlpman
on the cable railroad , Andrew Olsen , a sa
loon keeper , and H. kelson , boatman , wcro
drowned yesterday while fishing outside the
Golden Gate. A fisherman named Chase ,
who reported the matter to tha authorities ,
says that the boat capsized In n swell Just af
ter the steamer Queen of the Pacitlc passed ,
bound out. Chase was a quarter of a milo
distant in his boat , and before hocould reach
the men , where they wore struggling in the
water , they had disappeared from view.
The Girl Poisoner Confesses.
CHICAGO , Oct. 2. Minnie Kratzenberg , the
young girl who attempted to kill her mother
and brothers and sisters by putting poison in
the food , was arraigned in the police court
this morning. Sno confessed her guilt in n
nonchalant manner. Mrs. Snyder , the woman
whom , the girl says , told her to do the act ,
was also on trial. She denied her guilt.
Both were held to await the action of the
grand jury. _ _ * * "
A GhaHtly Find.
LONDON , Oct. 2. The trunk of a woman
was found in a recess of the now police ofll-
ces on the Thames embankment this after
noon. The head , arms and legs wcro miss
ing. The remains , which were in nn ad
vanced state of decomposition , wcro wrapped
in a rough cloth and tightly bound with n
cord. It is believed that the arms recently
found at Pimlico and ( Lambeth wcro cut
from this body.
x
Hoston Women- Who Vote.
BOSTON , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram to THE
BEE. ] The assessment of women who de
sire to vote for school committee at the coin
ing municipal election closed at 10 o'clock
lust night. Over four thousand women were
assessed to-day , making the total number
2oH9 , of whom moro than one-half are said
to bo Catholics.
Senator 'leak's Contribution.
WA SIIINGTON , Oct. 3. Senator Beck's con
tribution to the minority report of the tariff
bill reached Washington by messenger this
morning. The senator is reported ns Im
proving , but not well enough to resume his
senatorial duties.
Steamship Arrivals.
At London The Canada from New York
At Hamburg The Uanimonia from Ne
York.
At Dover Passed , the Polaria from New
York for Hamburg.
Imfaycttrs , O ; Missouri Vnllcy , .1.
Tbo Lafaycttes won a pamo of ball ycstcr
day from the Missouri Valleys at MIssour
Valley. The-scoro was six to three. A veri
largo audience was in attendance , as the
county fair is in progress there.
Prof. Gcfrckln's Trial.
BERLIN , Oct. 2. The trial of Prof. Geffo
ken , at Hamburg , for making public the late
emperor's diary , was closed to day. The
case was remitted to the supreme court at
Lelpsic.
Anti-Mormon IjawTUnconstltntional
CAIISON , Nov. , Oct. 2.Tho supreme cour
has decided that the nnti-.Morman test oath
passed by the' lus > -legislature Is unconstitu
tional. ' . '
MORTON FORMALLY ACCEPTS ,
The Republican Vlco Presidential
Cnndldnto Dofluos His Position.
PROTECTION VERSUS FREETRADE
The Lending IMKIICS of tlio Campaign
llKCU * > scd From a liutdnesa
Alau's Standpoint Text
of the Jicttcr.
Morton'M Letter.
New YOIIK , Oct. 2. The following is Lcvl
. Morton's letter accepting the nomination
'or vice president :
RniNminci ; , N' . Y. , Oct. 2. To the Hon. M.
M. Kstco and others , committee Gentle
men : In making a formal acceptance of my
lomination as the republican acanduhtto for
the vice-presidency , I desire to express my
grateful appreciation of the confidence re-
i > osed In me by the convention.
Tho'dutics { devolving upon the vice pres
ident as presiding ofllcor of the senate , nml
in certain contingencies a participant In the
legislation of congress , make it proper that
the people should know distinctly and unre
servedly the political views of the candidate
who may bo presented for their suffrages.
H fortunately happens that this duty for my
self is easily discharged by referring to the
iirinelplcs embodied in the resolutions unani
mously adopted by the national convention.
1'hcso resolutions , unequivocal and compre
hensive In character , rolled my personal con
viction and have my hearty approval. It is
lilTcrcnt , however , in u political campaign to
lix popular attention on uioro
than ono issue , and in the pending
election every voter in the United States
clearly sees that the controlling question is
whether the protective tariff duties now in
force shall be so reduced as to destroy their
etllcicncy , or whether thcso duties shall bo
retained with such modillcations and adjust
ments as shall better adapt them to the great
end of protecting the vast and important In
dustries of the whole country.
The republican platform , while recognizing
the necessity of reducing the revenue , de
clares that this reduction must not bo made
at the expense of these industries and of
American labor. The American people have
now enjoyed a protective system for a longer
continuous period than over before in the
: iistory of the national government. The
result Is that for more than a quarter of a
century they have realized a dcgreo of indus
trial and llnancial prosperity unprecedented
in this country and never equalled
in any other. The pressing reason given for
once again trying the old experiment of a
revenue tariff without protection as a motive
or end is that the present tariff has produced ,
and is producing , a surplus in the treasury ,
but it is not easily within the wisdom of con
gress to adjust the income to tlio national ex
penditure without sacrillcingor oven imperil
ing the industrial system which has brought
untold advantages to the country.
Admitting that the present tariff , by the
lapse of time and largo expansion of trade
which it has stimulated , needs revision , is it
not wiser and more patriotio to revise it with
a careful regard to the intcrestsof protection
than with the purpose of lessening its pro
tective features ! These are sonic of the
questions which must bo answered at the
national polls in November. For myself , as
a citizen and as a candidate , I do not hesitate
to declare that from long observation
I am an unwavering friend of the
protective system. In n business life now
extondingJTor over forty years , I have wit
nessed amT"'compared the effect upon the
country of a revenue tariff tending to free
trade with n protective tariff encouraging
homo industries. Under the former the de
velopment of the country has always been
arrcsttd , while under the latter it has uni
formly been promoted. To men who earn
their bread by the sweat of their brows the
difference between the two systems is that of
narrowing the chances on one hand and ex
pending opportunities on the other. Free
trade would open America to competition
with the whole world. Protection reserves
America for Americans , native and adopted.
The industrial system of the country Is ns
sensitive as Us public credit. A hostile
movement creates distrust on the public
mind , and confidence , the only basis of suc
cessful trade , becomes impaired. New
enterprises wither in the bud ; capital
grows timid ; the Held of labor is contracted ,
and the pressure for employment immedi
ately reduces the wages of all workingmcn.
With the views of the convention so frank
ly expressed in its resolutions upon all other
questions of public interest I tind myself in
hearty accord. In relation to silver and its
important bearing upon national currency ,
as well as Its connection with and influence
on the prosperity of largo sections of our
common country ; in its advocacy of n Judi
cious settlement of the public lands policy ;
in urging the necessity for hotter coast de
fenses and the duty wo owe to the shipping
interests of the country , the platform but
repeats the approved principles of
the republican party. The rcpub
lican platform proposes n distinctly
American policy ; not ono of narrowness and
bigotry , but ono broad and philanthropic
policy that best helps the whole world by
the example of a great , growing and power
ful nation , founded upon the equality of
every man before the law.
It is for the American people to develop
and cultivate the continent to which , in the
providence of God , they have fallen heirs.
They should adopt a policy which looks
steadily to this great end. With no narrow
ness toward other people , but rather in the
highest interest of all , they should liml
under their own flag a Held of limitless ad
vancement in the direction of the improve
ment , prosperity , and happiness of man.
Very respectfully yours ,
Lr.vi I' . MOKTON.
HnrrlNonV Visitors
INDIANAPOLIS , Oct. 2. General Harrison
began his day's work to-day by receiving a
delegation of men interested in the iron
mines of Northern Minnesota. They came
from Tower City and Dulutli , bringing will
them a lot of iron ore , ot which they dis
tributed samples at towns along the route
and deposited a 500 pound chunk in General
Harrison's front yard. The general re
ceived them cordially , but no speeches were
made.
Delegations from Fulton and Marshall coun
ties came in together and numbered between
seven hundred and a thousand. The weather
continuing cod , outdoor receptions in Uni
vcrsity park and elsewhere have been abau
doncd. The delegations were accordingly
escorted to Pfaelllln's hall , on Pennsylvania
avenue. Speeches were made for the visitors ,
and General Harrison responded. The Min
ncsota Iron men were conspicuous in the
audicnco from their handsome badges uiu
their enthusiasm.
There is n strong probability that Hon.
Levi P. Morton will bo ono of the distill
gulshcd visitors to arrive at Indianapolis on
the llth inst. It is understood that ho prom
ised several weeks ago to visit Indiana during
the campaign , and that ho will , if possible
make it convenient to bo hero on the same
day that Senator John Sherman , Mr. Blainc
General Algcr , Governors Oglesby and For
akcr , General Gibson and others are ex
peeled.
Political meetings at all points In the state
both democratic and republican , are bclnf
moro largely attended than-ln any previous
campaign in the history of Indiana. Crowds
of live hundred and oven a thousand asscmbh
at little cross-roads villages on two or three
days' notice. Perhaps no sneaker in the
state , unless it is Tanner , is addressing more
people and larger crowds than Colonel Mat
bon , the democratic candidate for governor
Hcccptlon to Dr. M < : Glynn.
CUICAGO , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram to-
TIIB BCB. ] A reception In honor of Dr. Me
Glynn was given at the Grand Pacific thl
afternoon. Hobert H. Cowdry , the candl
date for president of the united labor party
Introduced those who came to Dr. McGIynn
Concerning politics in New York , Dr. Me
Glynn sold :
"I tlilim the republicans will cairy \ \ \
state , The worklugmcn think that their in
tercets nro best cooscivcU by a prolectly
ariff , and so far as our people tell mo , I be-
iove that Harrison will carry the state on
he protective issue. "
"Will not Hill carry the state ! "
"Oh , no , 1 think not. Hill has the saloon
nterests on his side and all the corrupt and
polls politicians , but I do not think he will
ucceed. The united labor party Is for W ar-
ler Miller. The party IIIIH not declared for
illllor In so many words , but it has declared
or these candidates who are In favor
of ballot reform. In doing so the party did
lot nominate a candidate for governor , and
is Miller , the republican , is In favor of ballot
eform , and Hill , the democrat , acainst it ,
vhy , wo are for Miller as against Hill. Bo-
ore the national convention the democratic
state convention pronounced airalnst the Sax
on ballot reform bill , which Mill vetoed , and
bus put its foot upon a reform moro m-eded
n New York than any other. Our state con-
entlon provided for the printing of three
liiTerent kinds of ballots , one with the full
inited labor party candidates and thirty-six
electors , another with two united labor
and democratic
electors-nt-largc thirty-four
electors , and the third with the united labor
electors-at-largo and thirty-four republican
electors. The scheme is to give our voters
an opportunity to place themselves on record
for the platform and principles by voting for
ho electors at large and yet not losing their
votes In the national result. The most of
hose who do not vote for the straight united
iibor ticket , hut for only two electors at
argi- , will vote for the thirty-four republican
electors. Wo may elect u mayor , 1 do not
say that wo are contldc'iit of doing so , but
only that we muj possibly do so. "
"Are you giving all your time to propogat-
ng tlio single land tax ideal"
"I have nothing else to do since I no longer
exercise the functions of the priesthood. . I
cannot servo the Catholic church , and 1
vouldn't serve any other if I lived a thousand
years. "
"How do you and Mr. Gcorgo get along ! "
"Oh , well , Mr. George goes his way and I
go mine , and I have nothing to say upon his
oursc. We are all working for the same
ends. He stopped ; the rest of us are going
on. For three months before Mr. George
came out for Cleveland 1 could see the
change working in him. "
A Very KncourauloK Outlook.
CHICAGO , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram to
Fm : Bnc.l Encouraging news has been sent
roni New York to western republicans In
ho form of a letter from one of the shrewd
est of the party managers. His political
sagacity is conceded by his opponents , and as
10 IE in position to ascertain the exact situa-
ion , and therefore able to form a correct
udgment , his statement that "New York Is
10 longer doubtful , " will be given the weight
t is entitled to. "It is certainly republican , "
10 adds , and in u brief summary
of the outlook in the other doubt
ful states , he says : "Connecticut
and New \ork arc reasonably certain ,
and figures sent mo from four-lifths of the
counties in Indiana lead mo to the conclusion
hat we will carry the state by a largo ma-
lority. " In addition to this , the gentleman ,
who did not intend that his name or views
should bo made publicbelieves harmony will
not dwell in the ranks of the Now York city
democrats and that Governor Bill's workers
will trade off Cleveland. The republicans
on the other hand , he avers , are working m
harmony , and anticipate a larger Irish vote
than that polled four years ago. Another
: nattcr which he says is bothering Clcve-
und's confidants is the indifference of
"Mule" Barnum and other old-time nemo-
cratle leaders. Barnum is a protectionist
and his privately expressed opinion is that it
: nakcs little difference to him whether Clevc
land is beaten ornot.
No hotter From Tliurmnn.
COLUMHUS , O. , Oct. 2. In view of his
speech of acceptance when ho met the notifi
cation committee , of his full expression of
views on the stump , and of the fact that ho
has been very busy , the impression Is that
Judge Thurman will not write a letter of ac
ceptance. Ho has not said so positively , but
has said he don't see the necessity of It.
TUalne in Detroit.
DETROIT , Oct. 2. James G. Blaine arrived
in Detroit on the limited express at I:30 ! :
o'clock this afternoon. Ho was met at the
depot by General Algcr and a committee ol
the Michigan club.
THE WHlTKCIIAPKh MUKDKKS.
Inspector IJyrues Tolls How Ho Would
Find the Perpetrator.
NEW Youic , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram to
TUB Bun.J Inspector Byrnes talks at length
in this morning's World on the mysterious
Whitechapcl , London , murders. Ho says
that with the very largo force of police un
der his charge , Sir Charles Warren , com
missioner of the English police , who has
autocratic powers , should have been able to
cover the ground so thoroughly after the
second crinio that the third one would have
been impossible , or at least that the capture
of the perpetrator would have been inevit
able.
"What would have been your plan ol
action if you had charge of the case ) " asked
the reporter *
"In the first " said the
place , inspector em
phatically , "I do not bcllevo in sitting in it
comfortable ofllcc and evolving beautiful de
tective theories. I would have gone to work
in a common-sense way. With the great
force of the London police I would have manu
factured a victim for the murdcibr. I wouli
have taken fifty habitues of Whitccha.ic
and covered the ground with them. Mj
men would bo scattered over the
whole district , to nothing that happened
could escape them. Kven if ono of the
women fell a victim I would get the mur
derer. But what's the use of talking ! The
murderer should have been caught long ago.1
"What do you think would be the chance
for committing such a scries of crimes it
Now York ! "
"I sincerely hope such a thing will never
bo inaugurated in this city. But if it should
I cannot believe the guilty person would es
cape detection. We caught a fellow here who
made a practice of throwing vitriol on ladies
dresses. Ho frequented Fourteenth street
I made victims for him and my men were
thickly scattered through the district until ho
was caught. Wo have no siu-h autocratic
powers as the London police , but If the crinio
was so plainly located as the Whitcchapo
murders we would most assuredly arrest the
perpetrator in a short time.
German Press Comments.
Br.nux , Oct. 2 [ Special Cablegram to
Tun Hnc.l- The Kachrichtcn , referring to
the arrest of Prof. Gcffckcn , says : The
first steps for the discovery and arrest of the
dlvulgcr of Emperor Frederick's diary were
left to the prosecutor hero , and that affair I
now remitted to the chief prosecutor a
Llcpsic.
The Vosslscho Zeltung contends that an
action for breach of copyright could legally
bo taken by the heirs of Frederick ngalns.
the German papers which published the
diary , and that , under existing copyriph
conventions , an action could also bo brough
against foreign Journalists for the same of
fense.
The Koichsbotc publishes an extract from
a diary written by Kmperor Frederick In
UGH , during his travels in the cast , in whlcl
ho treats of his visit to Jerusalem. Portion
of Emperor Frederick's eastern diary wcro
published In July last in the Darmstadt Mill
tary Journal , and in August in the Magazin
Yon-Fols-Zum-Mccr without evoking com
merit.
To Greet William Quietly.
VIFNSA , Oct. 2. [ Special Cablegram to
TUB Bi'.e.j Various regulations have been
made to prevent unseemly demonstration
on thu arrival of Kmperor William here.
The people are strictly forbidden to occupy
the roofs of houses or to crc'ct stands alonij
the route of the royal procession. They are
also forbidden to use black , rod and gold
flags , the ancient German , colors , In the dec
oration ol buildings ,
ENGLISH PUGS ARE TALKING
,
They Don't Think Jnko Should
Tttcklo nn Unknown.
WHY , HE MIGHT BE A DARKEYi
tllm Fell , of Hanloy-Fell Fame , t <
Iladly Punished hy J. P. Don
ne r , of Dulutli , In a Six
Bound Fight.
Keeps the Sports Thlnlclni ; .
[ CVipirrfuhf ISS ) b\i \ ,7iimf.i ( lontim
LONIION , Oct. 2. [ New York Herald
Cable Special to Tun Bin : . ] The money
put tin by the unknown to cover Kllratn's deposit -
posit of fTiKX ( ) has excited immense interest
here. Sports are somewhat varied in their
opinion as to who the man Is and ns to Kll-
rain's position. Jack Harper , who has seconded
ended Smith In all his tights and whoso house ;
In Islington is the resort of the pugilistic fra
ternity , mild : "Tho question of Ktlruln ,
lighting nn unknown is , 1 think , rather it ,
funny idea. However , it ought to be a mat
ter of Indifference to him whether the dial *
lengo be issued by a nipger or any one else.
It might bo Sullivan , if Sullivan gets
well. Kilrain challenges the world ,
therefore he ought to bo ready
to take any one so long as ho is given a
month's notice. I think Kilrain un excep
tionally good man. If any man conies for
ward to tight Kilrain , that man will have a
lard time. Kilrain is a game 'un , and it will
: ako a very smart man to beat him. "
"What are his best points ! "
' Ho is very active on his feet ; he Is a
splendid wrestler ; ho has n right hand as
good in n light as I have ever seen , oven in
the big man. "
"Doyou see anything against his winning ! "
' 'There is only one thing against him ha
Is matching himself against a whole lot. "
"How do you mean I"
"Well , if the man they now think of under
the cognomen of the Unknown gives up they
will not forfeit the money but will have a
whole lot more to choose from. However , if
Kilrain sickens and is unable to come to the
scratch he must forfeit. "
A call was made at Mr. Moore's house.
" Kilrain won't ' accept any unknown , "
Poney said , "llrstly , because lie is champion ,
and they might put up some black man
against him for instance , Jackson. Another
thing is , Kilrain is not supposed to do any
business until ho has heard from Mitchell.
They are in business together for another
year. "
"Then you don't ' think the challenge good ! "
"No , I think it must bo something very un
fair to match Kilrain against an unknown.
For instance , a match might bo made by
that Thompson , Lynch and Wilby Brooklyn
gang. Then I want to know what chance.
Kilrain would have. This un
known business is not straightfor
ward. They mean corruption. If n
man was open ho would give
his name. It is done by the gang who have
a prejudice against Mitchell and Kilrain. "
t'Whnt would you do about Hi"
"If I wcro In Kilraln's ' place I would say I
want to know who the man is and when the
fight Is going to bo. I would want to knpw
where I was going. "
.Tim Fell Badly PtinlHhcd.
Dui.tmi , Minn. , Oct. 2. [ Special Telegram
to THE Bin.l : James Fell , of Michigan , en
deavored to knock out J. P. Donncr , of Du
lutli , in six rounds this evening for a purse of
$ I00 ! and divided receipts , but ho received
the worst punishment and fulled in the at-
tempt. Donncr landed on him in every
round and was struck by Foil but four times
during the light. At every clinch Donncr
throw Fell heavily , mid in the third round
ho got Fell In chancery and pummelled him
heavily. Fell was not prepared to meet such
a good fighter as Donner proved to bo and
came out of the contest with n partially
closed eye and a badly battered face , while )
Donncr hud scarcely a scratch. There is
some talk of a fifteen or twenty round con
test between the men ut an early day. Don
ner \ \ ill cover all the money Fell can raise.
A Quarterly BiisiucHH Kevlcw.
NEW Youic , Oct. 2. Business failures
throughout the United states for the third
quarter of the year , as furnished R. G. Dun
& Co. , amount m number to 2,801 , with lia
bilities of a trifle over $ ' 0,000,000. The
failures for the third quarter of 18S7 num
bered 1'J'iS , with liabilities aggregating the
enormous sum of $73,000,000. For nlno
months of IbSS the failuics number 7,850 ,
with liabilities of over JyO.OOO.OOO. ns against
C.bDO failures und t-128,000,000 of liabilities in
thu tame period of 18S7.
The Nickel Plato Fulls Into Line.
CHICAGO , Oct. 2. The Nickel Plato road ,
which on Monday refused to agree to a par
tial restoration of cast bound rates , withdrew
its objections to-day. A meeting of the
freight committee of the Central Trafllc as
sociation was immediately called and the
agreement of last week ratified. The ad
vanced rates will go into effect Otcober 11 ,
according to the original programme.
A Typhoid Fever Kpldcmlc.
Dt'i.UTH , Minn. , Oct. 23. | Special Telegram -
gram to Tin : Bun. ] Upward of four hun
dred cases of typhoid fever exist in ami ad-
J.iccnt to Dulutli. The number of deaths is
dully growing larger , and President Hewill ,
of the state bo a ril of health , lias been sent
for to Investigate the sanitary condition ol
the city and the unusual mortality.
Snow Storms in Pennsylvania - |
Wii.KRsiiAititi Pa. Oct. .
: , , 2.--Tho moun
tains between here und White Haven nro
covered with snow , which has been lallinf ;
for several hours this evening. Trains over
the Central reached hero with the cur tops
covered with snow to a depth of half un mcU
or moru.
Immigration.
PAIIIS , Oct. 1. . Owing to the increase of
immigration into Franco , President C'arnOt
has signed a decree regulating the residence
of foreigners wlio have bottled or uio about
to bcltlc in Franco.
Farewell to Fuller.
CHICAOO , Oct. 2-Chiof Justice Melvlllo
W. Fuller , accompanied by his family und a
number of friends , left for Washington this
evening. A largo party was at the train ift
bid the distinguished Jurist farewell.
Furniture Factory Burned.
STUUOIS , Mich. , Oct. 2. Wait's furnlturo
factory burned last night , making u total los a
off75,000. No Insurance.
A Now Trlnl for JlcQundo.
Nt\v YOUR , Oct. 2. The court of appeals
has reversed the decision In the case of ox-
Alderman McQuudo and has ordered a , now
trial. . i
A Hcform Hcliool Depopulated.
PKOIUA , 111. , Oct. 2. Word has been re
ceived hero that thirty prisoners escaped
i from the reform school at Pcntlao by cutting
! a hole through the-floor. /
An Alchlhon Ulvld < Mid < ,
Nnv Youic , Octl 2. The Atchlson dlrco
; tors.have Jast dci-'ared a dividend ( i'liot
I cent. , ' 1