THE OMAHA "DAILY BEE : SUNDAY JUNE 3. ISSa-SIXTEEN PAGES.
" * t H
JIM OF HUMAN BADNESS ,
5
Vended In Docolt Upon the Streets
v. , . of Omaha.
TrlE VOICE OF CONDEMNATION.
f MW
Chemical Analysis of a Draco of
Samples.
- _ _
THE USELESS LACTOMETER.
' Opinion of the Same by Inspectors
Fair and Hlckstoin.
1 _ _ _ _ _
, CITY INSPECTION WORTHLESS
Klngrnnt Vlolnllun of Imw With tin
' JMcoiis of HrltiuliiK tlio Deceit
ful Milkmen to I'linUh-
'J incut.
>
- *
Milk.
Milk enters In n variety of forms Into the
illct of tliu clvlllml world. It supports us In
infancy nml Invigorates us In old ngc. It Is
onu of the greatest gifts of imtutu ami no
gift has over been more highly appreciated
by the average hummi , save possibly , lifo
itholf. Upon I thus acpendcd the licaltti of
generations which have passed away and
upon It still depends the licaltti of genera
tlons which arc yet to bo born. That such ft
gift , such a blessing should be appreciated to
the end that it may have upon mankind , the
effect Intended by providence , will not read
lly bo denied ; yet so far from bciriK so ap
preciated , unfortunately , there Is but too
much reason to bcltovo that what was in
tended as a blessing has , by the greed or mor
tals , been turned into a curse. To-day , for
the purpose of determining the latter point ,
TIIU llni : addresses itself to u consideration
of the subject of milk in this city , viewing It
from the standpoint of the consumer , the
physician , the public ofllccr and the scientist.
These views will bo found below. They have
been reproduced in a spirit of fairness with
n view to warn the people of the danger they
are incurring , the risk they are running ana
tbo necessity of taking steps for immediate
reform.
The conclusion to be drawn from this show
ing , especially In view of the recent discov
ery tnat there arc , possibly , In every herd ,
diseased cows , the milk of which bhouUt not
bo used , is that the milk consumer is at the
mercy of the unscrupulous dairyman am :
inlllc peddler , and that the present laws ani
others yet to bo enacted ought to bo em
ployed to aflord him the desired relief. It i
shown : That few people who get milk f ron
peddlers believe the same to be pure ; that
lactometers arc not capable of recording
adulterations ; that unscientific men should
not bo weighted with the authority of in
Hpcctors ; that millions of gallons of adulter
ated milk must have been sold in ttiis city ,
and that only thirty-live gallons have been
destroyed ; that violators of the law liavo not
been punished , and that a bolter system of
Inspection with a chemist and wholesome
laws arc required to enable eitl/ens to obtain
what they pay for good , wholcsomo milk.
Tlio iMIlk Condemned.
The following arc n few of the views
of cltl/cns gleaned by DEI : reporters eon-
cerning the sale of milk in this city. Mnnj
more might bo reproduced , but the sub
joined will bo found ample to represent every
chiss of the community , with tlio cxceptioi
of these who keep their own cows or pro
cure milk from neighbors which tnoy know
Is sold them n few hours after milidng. So
general is the dissatisfaction with peddlers'
milk that almost every family which can af
ford to support one , maintains a cow of its
own.
.1. G. Willis Wo always milk our own
cows ueloro they dry up. We always sup
posed it to uo a fixed fact that milkmen's '
milk is adulterated. AVe feel it and the
children feel it. too. The milk is adulter
ated , but there is no reason why it should be.
C. V. Gallagher The milk I use is only
middling , but I've been taking it from the
party thirteen years. I've taken it so long ,
because I don't think I can do better any
other place , lint the milk ought to bo in
spected and brought up to the standard. A
meat Inspector cannot bo a good inspector of
milk on the sense of smell alone.
A Former Milk Man 1 know all about this
business. 1 was secretary of a dairy asso
ciation and all they used to do was to skim
the milk and thuu bell the remainder. They
woiild.milk early in the afternoon , send it
down by the lirst train , put it in water boxes
over night , and next moinlng those big cans
would bo covered with cream. The cream
would bo skimmed and the milk sold. They
would do the same thing in the morning , that
is milk at early daylight , send it down to
town with the lirst train , put it in the box.
leave it rest u few hours , take the cream oft
it and deliver that milk to customers in the
evening. Thut's what the ualry did.
Some private consumers do the same thing ,
though they may do a gi eat deal worse too
A Taxpayer Omaha must have recourse
to some other means of Inspecting milk.
Kcally , 1 don't think she Inspects it at all.
Every milk dealer should be licensed and his
wagon numbered. There should bo a city
chemist. There should also bu an inspector
who would be at liberty to bamplo tlio milk
of dealers at will , have it analy/ed. and if
found adulterated , ho should have
the offender arrested and lined.
That would give us honest milk.
Colonel Pratt I am taking milk from u
neighbor who has u couple of tows , and I got
very good milk , Hut I liavo taken it from n
professional dairyman , and the milk was
ulna at night and morning. Next day there
would bo a little yellow scum on thn top , but
my wife wouldn't use either it or the milk.
W. 11. Gates We are getting pretty good
milk now , but I've noticed that when u mull
is new on the route , his milk is good and the
people change ott to him , but after a time tils
milk shows adulteration. That's been my
experience.
John W. Hussnll What kind of milk am I
getting/ / Why slush. It's worhu
than slop. Wo'vo been getting milk from
two fellows , and wo can't half keep It over
night. 1 told my wife to t > co if something
couldn't bo done with tlie stuff. She boiled
it and then the stuff turned into curds ,
What are wo doing now I Why , wo are
nut using milk at all. Wo can't get decent
milk and 1 don't want anything as a consequence
quence ,
Dr. Stcphenson In New York and other
large oltles they have a great deal of dilll-
rulty in getting pure milk , notwithstanding
thuy have Inspectors , but here , 1 think wu
ran consular our milk fair.
John Templeton Wo got fair milk some
times , and at others milk that is pretty thin.
What can one do about Ui
C'hlot tialllgnn I'm getting cream now.
I've got a Jersey , but she's out In the coun
try now , lint I was getting milk , and it was
| Kor milk , too , U was like chalk water.
Andrew Hiloy 1 was noticing it this morn
ing and 1 told my wife It was pretty thin. It
stands over night and no cream rises on It. I
guess there Isn't ' much milk in it ,
J , T. Hell I'm not keeping house now , but
I can tell you that in a month from now the
fields these city herds are feeding upon won't
have us much nutrition In them as you can
IIml on that pavement there. I see it every
daj , because I am driving through and over
the fields grazing is done in every day. He-
hides , cattle got so warm that they run to the
btJgnant pools they can find , and then stand ,
cool off and drink the water with its green
bcum. Such tnllk must be unwholesome , and
the sale ought to bo rcgulutcd. I'm glad to
sco TIIK Hec stirring up the matter.
Councilman Hailey The milk I'm getting
is pretty fair , but I don't know whom we are
getting it from. The man before him sold us
horrible stuff , I've always been iv.xuitomed
to keoplng n cow of my own , I used to tether
her with a rope acouplo of hundred feet
umty in u pasture , and then wo hud excellent
milk. I didn't know what | > cople had to put
uplth till I commenced to get milk from u
milkman. Our milk portion U very poor ,
tud If tbo intpcctar iloct not mulfu a. belter
KIELLEY , SIIGKER & ; CO.
r j
CORNER DODGE AND ! FIFTEENTH STREETS.
C L
SPECIAL SALE
OF
EMBROIDERIES !
Wo have taken advantage of the
vciy dull business with Now York im
porters , in consequence of the contin
ued rainy weather , nnd Imvo purchased
from one of the "LARGEST" at greatly
reduced prices , balance of spring im
portation , consisting of edgings ,
llounclngs , skirtings , all ovorsotc. , etc.
45-INCH SWISS'
EMBROIDERED
SKIRTINQS.
4.r-INCH SWISS
SKIRTING , with embroidery work 31
inehi's deep , atSoc , worth Sl.liO.
45-INCH SWISS KMUROIDKRED
SKIRTING , beautiful designs.embrold-
crcd very deep , at Ooc , worth from $1.25
to $1.45.
45-INCH SWISS TCMIJROIDERED
SKIRTING , embroidery work itU inches
deep , beautiful designs , at $1.15 , worth
$1.40 to $1.W. (
45-INC'H SWISS EMBROIDERED
SKIRTING in all the latest and choice
designs , comprising striped and band
olfect , lace revering , etc. , etc. , at
$1.12/5 / , $1.7 ! ! , $1.60 , $1.W ( , $1.75 , $1.8-5 ,
$ i)0 ! ( ) , $2.15 , $2.25 , $2.50. $2.75 , $3.00 ,
fci.25 , $4.25.
45-INCH IRISH. POINT
Embroidered Skirting ,
in all the latest designs.atastonishingly
low prices.
25-INCH PIQUE
Embroidered Skirtings
225 INCH SWISS AND NAINSOOK
Embroider'd Flouncing
just the correct thing for childrons
Krotchen dressesotc. , all the latest and
dainty designs , with striped and band
effects , lace revering , etc. . etc. , at 42c ,
fiOc , GOc , 76c , 85c$1.00 , $1.10. $1.15.$1.25 ,
$1.3-3 , $1.50 , $1.75 , $2.00.
221 INCH PIQUE
Embroider'd Flouncing
These arc very stylish , and particu
larly adapted for chaldron's kilt skirts ,
and very durable $1.00 and $1.10.
HAMBURG
EMBROIDERIES !
2,500 yards HAMBURG EMBROID
ERIES , from lito.ti Inches wide , line
cambric and perfect needlework , Sic ,
worth 12c. }
2,000 ynrds Hamburg embroideries ,
from 2J to 7 inches wide , line cntnbrlo
nnd perfect needlework , loc , worth
from 2lc ) to 23c.
1.500 yards Hamburg embroideries
from -H to 11 inches wide , line cambric
and perfect needlework , 2ocworth from
30c to 40c.
SPECIAL SALE !
All Next Week.
*
42-1NCII BLACK
CHANTILLY _
FLOUNCINGS ,
French manufactures , all bilk , at $1.20 ,
$1.25 , $1.45 , $1.55 , $1.87$2.15.2.25$2.50 ,
$3.25 , $3.8-5 , $3.00 , $4.00.
42-INCH BLACK PURE SILK
v
Chantilly Flouncings"
Lyons make , thread finish , exquisite
designs , $4.253.25 , $0.25 , $7.25.
42-INCH BLACK SPANISH
Guipuire Flouncings ,
French manufacture , "all bilk , $1.10 ,
$1.40 , $1.75 , $2.15 , $2.83 , $3.37 , $3.8-5 ,
$4.25.
100 pieces of all wool Dress Goods , 40
and 42 Inches wide , Double fold , recent
ly sold at 45c , oOc , GOc , ana 75c. Monday
morning wo shall place the entire loton
center counter , at the uniform an rldic
ulous price of 30c. Bargains in our Cloak
Department. To close the stock of
Beaded Wraps in the store , wo will sell
Beudcd Wrap for $ O.GO , former pi-ice
$10.00. The wrap wo have been selling
at $11.00 , now $8.80. Our $13.50 wrap
for $10.00. A wrap that has inet with
great favor at $17.00 wo now olTcr for
$12.05. An elegant Beaded Wrap , dull
jet , which has been considered cheap at
$19.00 , our price Is now $14.85
Wo have another shipment of those
handsome embroidered Drap de-cti
Fedius knotted bilk fringe , than which
i
there is no more popular wrap forbummcr
wear , Our prices arc $3.15 , $4.00 , $5.00 ,
$5.50 , $0.00 , $7.00 , $7.50 , $8.00 , $9.00 ,
$10.00 , $12.00 , $15.00 , and $10.50. Our
block of Jerboys .is1' ' complete. Includ
ing Blacks , Golxiljn , Blues , Terra ( Jottn ,
and Cream. Otuvtprices "arc from 05
cents $1.00 , SI..10 to $4.50.
PARASOLS !
Monday nnd nil this week wo will
odor an elegant line of parasols in
changeable moire , plaids and checks nt
remarkable low prices.
100 Indies' coaching parasols In plain
satin with handsome sticks , assorted
colors , at $1.00 , real value $1.40.
100 Indies' black satin lace trimmed
parasols , with paragon frame and as
sorted natural sticks , at $1.76 , worth
$2.50.
75 coaching parasols , all silk satin ,
with heavy English sticks , paragon
frame and gold-tipped wires , in blacks ,
tans , cardinals , navies and biJal browns ,
at $3.15 , worth $1.00.
100 Indies' fancy inolro silk parasols
with solid prngon : ! frame and beautiful
English Micks in all the very latest
shades , at $1.10 , real value $1.75.
SUN UMBRELLASI
150 ladies' 2t-lnch ! ' 'Gloria" silk um
brellas with paragon frame and assorted
natural sticks , at $1.05 , good value for
$2.00.
1GO ladies' 20-inch "Gloria" silk um
brellas with paragon frame , with an
elegant iibbortmont of silver mounted
sticks , at $2.15 , worth $3.00.
200 ladies' 2-inch ( ! all-pure silk um
brellas with paragon frame and fancy
natural sticks. WARRANTED to givb
good wear , only $2.05 , worth $3.50.
SILK MITTS.
50 do/on ladies' all-pure silk mitts in
plain jerseys or lace designs , blacks and
colors , nt 20c. worth 30c.
00 dozen ladies' all-puro sick mitts in
plain jersey or lace patterns , black tans
and creams , all at 25c , worth 3"4c.
50 do/on Indies'English Milanese silk
jersey mitts , with 4 strand embroidered
backs , warranted to wear and keep the
shape , in black tans and modcb , for 50c ,
worth 0-5c.
HOSIERY !
Wo have a full line of the celebrated
brand , "ONYX STAINLESS BLACK , "
at 50c , ( iOc and 75c.
100 do/.en ladies' brilliant lise thread
hose , all full regular made and war
ranted fast colors , in blacks , grays ,
modes and tans , only 39c , worth C'Jc.
SOME OF THE
Best Bargains
Ever Offered in
MEN'S
Summer
Underwear.
SocMons'Kcnl Balbrlggan Undershirts ,
long or short alcoves , reduced from
l/io. /
JWc Mons'.Ican Drawers nicely made and
finished , In nil sizes , reduced from
( We.
48e Mons' Fine HalbrigRan Shirts and
Drawers , nicely imido and llni shed
reduced from 5c.
50c Mens1 French Balbrlgvnn Shirts and
Drawers , in fancy stripcsnnd brown
mixed reduced jrom 7 < 5c.
6c ! ) Mens' Heal French Balbrltfgan
Shirts and Drawers , extra good val
ue ; this is our ! ( ( ) c quality.
7oc. Mens' Fine French Balbripgan
Shirts and Drawers , regular made ,
this is our regular $1.00 quality.
Wo have extra large sizes in Mons' Un
derwear , 413.14. . 4(1 ( and 48.
Mens' Half Hose.
loe. Mens' llenl Hritish Half Hose , full
regular made , all sizes ; reduced
from "oc ,
18c. Mons' Fine Silk Clocked Ualhrig-
gan Half Hose ; regular price . ' ! 5c.
JJ5c. Metis' Two Thread Seamless Lisle
Half Hobo ; never bold for less than
45e.
Mens'White Shirts
49c. Mens' White Unlaundried Shirts ;
made of good muslin , linen bosom ,
this lot of shirts are worth 7flc.
7oc. Mons' White Unlaundried Shirts ,
made of Now York mills muslin , all
linen bosom ; every shirt will lit per
fect ; regular price $1.00.
New Neckwear.
i25c. Wo show the largest line of Four-in
Hand Ties , and Took Scarfs ever
offered , all now and choice styles ,
well worth oOc.
COc. Now Style Four-in-IIand Ties , and
Teck Scarfs , at this price we show
the tlncbt nockweur , worth $1.00.
Silk Umbrellas.
$2.05. Fine silk Umbrellas paragon frame ,
with Gold Tipped Handles , well
worth $ ; U)0.
Mens' driving ; ind street Gloves. We
have an endless variety , atourubiuil
prices.
Corner Dodge and Fifteenth. Street.
' j
inspector ( if meat tbnn bo docs of milk , bo is
very poor Indeed. The wbolo law regarding
tbo milk business onlit ( to bo changed. It is
awfully defective. There ought to bo n sys
tem of inspection , nnd all tbo milk consumed
in tbo city ouglit to go tbrougb Unit inspec
tion before It is sold. But then , there arc
milkmen who sell In all parts of tbo city , and
almost tbo moment they get into tbo city. It
would perhaps bo difllcult to make them nil
coino to ono place , but something of the kind
ought to be ilonc , because , I tell you , it is
pretty hard to pay for what is almost nil
water.
Dr. Edmlston I know tbo milk of the city
lias been very poor. Wo liavo never bad but
ono man who gave us decent milk that left
any mark upon the glass as if milk bad been
in it. Wo liavo had milkmen who gave us
milk which left a wliito sediment in the bottom
tom of the glass. I don't know what tlio
sediment was , whether chalk or starch , be-
c.uiso I didn't analyze it.
G..Crcsswcll I ntu strongly of the opinion
that the milk inspection of Omaha is a farce.
To begin with , it is not in the hands of scion-
title men. How can other than n scientist do
tlio work of a scientist ? Besides , lundcrstand
the milk inspector is also inspector of meat.
You cannot llnd an intelligent man who will
not my that , in a city of tins sue , a meat inspector
specter lias all ho ouglit to do to look
alter meat and leave milk to homo other
person.
Valentino Nock I don't know anything
nbout it n.ysclf , but I know my wife scolds
about tbo milk and s lys it's no good.
Fritz Wnltois Wo send twice a day nnd
get llrst-class milk with cream from people
who live near us. Before that , I took milk
from a dealer. It was chalk , anyway I
didn't want to glvo it to the children.
Kobcrt Easson 1 get my milk from n Ger
man family who live right near me , and it Is
jest as good as if it were from a cow of my
own. I was going to buy 11 cow , but I can
get the kind of milk I want where I am get
ting it now. It is richt that Tin : BII : : should
take hold of the intention.
Hen Gallagher Wo Imvo our own cow ,
and consequently do not depend upon milk
dealers. The milk question is an important
one , especially for children , and should re
ceive attention. The moment it docs , over.\
mother will take hold of it and make her
husband do something to nITord the relief
that is needed.
Councilman Manville 1 have been getting
nearly sixteen years from the same dairy ,
though the place has changed bauds several
times. The milk 1ms generally boon good ,
though a month ago it was pretty thin , blue ,
and gave no cream. Now it is bettor. I'll
tell you ono tiling , if you newspaper men
knew how herders treated rows , you'd inukn
aliow ) about their cars. I live near where
thcso cows are pstured nnd I've seen so
much cruelty -COWH with udders full of milk
driven at lull CM it with milk spouting from
them on each sido. I tell you , it pains me to
see these animals abused , to see. n cow that
gives up her milk so gently , to bo lushed
with big long whips. Yes , if Tnu lir ! :
undertakes to reform tbo milk outrages , be
cause there are numbers of cases requiring
attention , I'll help In the matter in the coun
cil ,
< Jas Inspector Gilbert I liavo ti Jersey. I
paid $ " > for her when she was nix months
old. She gives coed milk. Ono of tbo great
est outrages I know of on cattle occurred
with a South Omaha milkman. Ho rented a
farm for pasture near mo and put in some
cows there. Three of them dropped calves
nnd tin-so wcro taken away , and the cows
loft to suffer torture with udders almost
bursting with milk. A hired girl of mlno
went out and it was only with a great deal of
diniailty wornught three of the animals and
milked them to givn them relief. I let
ono of my cows go to-day to n relative of
mine who claimed that the milk ho was get
ting was almost until for use.
lr O. S. Wood -I never recommend cowb1
milk for children under my care. I recom
mend artificial food and condensed milk from
Massachusetts and Switzerland. Why ! Uo-
cause tbo cows hero feed on tlio streets and
llclds on everything. They feed on a thou
sand and ono weens , and their milk cannot
bo wholesome. Why , on tbo prairies und on
tbo roadside they cat those gympsum weeds ,
nnd these are rank poison. The milk coming
from them must be unisonous. Cows don't
feed in that way In Massachusetts and m
other places. Horu they feed on everything ,
Adulterated milk I Why , the milk wo get la
hero from many places is an imposition. It
won't raUo cream , It sours , and you can't
get any good out of it. Complaints liavo
frequently boon made to me , but 1 have no
use for cow's milk for th j reason I Imvo
given you. I tell you this adulterated milk
U on outrage. The man who U xullty of U
ought to go to pilsnn. A ( life is of no cense
quence. If ho can pay a line bv sell
ing his adulterated stuff , ho will
continue his work of adulteration.
Why , tirjf water had * to bo Bold
as milk has to bo sold it would bo adulter
ated. Everything that the American1 ; sell is
adulterated. It is done to make a few paltry
dolhm at the expense of the people. Adul
terated milk stunts the growth of children ,
although there are some children who can
outlive it. Farmers understand it.
They know that they cannot htunt the
growth of a calf or colt without making
him stunted ever after nnd conseuucntly
take great care to make their young stock
strong and healthy. But that is not the cuse
with children. Tlicro is really more atten
tion paid to the growth of stock than there is
to babies. Milk is the most essential food of
our generation. Wo cannot get along with
out it , yet it is adulterated , but the man who
udultciates it ouglit to go to prison.
Another Doctor Milk is absolutely neces
sary for our being. To prove it you anil I
have only to go back to the time when wo
were six months old. Up to that time wo had
subsisted on milkunit very thin milk , too , be
cause human milk is thinnest of all. It is per
haps two-thirds thinner than that of animal
life. You can take one spoonful of milk and
add to it two spoons of water and then it will
ba us strong as human milk. Water in milk
is not necessarily injurious. Nor is it alwuys
a proof of adulteration. To-day Uuddy in
this corner may liavo less water in her milk
than Hlaekie in that corner , but to-morrow
the conditions may be reversed. It depends
upon the food and circumstances of the cows.
The quality of their milk is not always the
same. II it was there might bo such a thing
as getting too much of a thing which was
really good in itsolt. The greatest objection
to adulterated milk is that one does not get
what ho pays for. and now I appreciate the
fact that 'milk is necessary for the human
being is really tlio only thing upon which
a man may subsist without other food for u
longtime , and which is capable of sustaining
the human organism. Only chemists' can
tell the extent and varictv of its adulteration
and even then without being able to show
conclusively that these adulterations are
deleterious , because you know people can
tuko deadly drugs in certain quantities with
out killing themselves.
A Surgeon Pure and wholesome milk can
only bo obtained from healthy and well fed
cows. Milk if not properly handled may become -
come impure nnd tainted. B.y keeping it in
fllthy barns nnd sheds It sonii becomes
tainted. Milk may become a currier of con
tagious diseases if kept In looms where ills-
ease is known to exist. It is a well estab
lished fact that milk ruadily absorbs all
germs floating in tlio air ot nick rooms , and
then If used will transmit dlscaso or death
to the consumer. The results are especially
serious among children. The milk from Kick
COWH , especially that taken from Mich
as may bo suffering with tuberculosis ( con
sumption ) is probably tlio most dangerous ,
and It is believed that the seeds of disease
and death uro frequently transmitted by It.
To prevent the sale of milk from diseased an
imals , It is absolutely necessary to Imvo all
dairies under strict supervision , and to cause
n careful inspection of all dairy cattle to bs
made1 at frenuent Interval * , by a competent
veterinarian , who should liavo au
thority to qiiarnnllua and destroy , if
nccospary , such diseased cattle.
The provulliiiK pystom of Inspection
if useful at all Is only to the extent of detect
ing adulterations and exposing fraud. The
lactometer as an instrument for testing milk ,
cannot bo relied upon , because several In
gredients can hi ) added with watcrthat would
make it register correctly. U is , however , a
useful instrument It used In connection with
n rrcamomctcr , und is of some use to the
chemist In malting an analysis.
Dr. 0. Hosewater--Thls Is u subject worthy
of most careful consideration , and ono which
concerns every man , woman and child In our
city. The possibility and liability of transmit
ting disease from the animal to man through
the milk has been well Known for a long
time. Not only tuberculosis and pleuro-pncu-
uionin , but also the much mor < dreaded dis
eases , diphtheria ami scarlet fever , liavo been
communicated by the milk of a cow similarly
affected. To avoid such occurrences in our
city it Is absolutely necessary that the board
of hcaltl. take proper hold of this matter and
cause an examination of the milk dispensed
by each and every dealer to bo made by u
competent person , and also u periodical exam
ination of tlio animals from which this
milk is obtained , tliu character of
their food , the hcalthfulncss of their sur
roundings : for upon all thcso circumstances
depends the Illness of their milk as food.
Animals which are diseased should bo
Isolated nnd their milk not used under any
circumstances. The animals wnoso milk is
used should be properly fwl and housed In
clean , healthy stalls. In order to bo still
more safe all milk should bo boileJ before
Using , as boiling destroys the vitality of the
.majority of diseasd germs. The adulteration
u ! the milk supply , by various chemicals or
tbo addition of water cm be easily detected
by a person thoroughly conversant with the
subject , aim in the possession of the proper
appliances.
The < Jlicinist'H Analyhis.
Several dajs ago Tin : Bun submitted to
the chemist , whoso.juime will bo found ap
pended to the following documents two sam
ples of milk , purchased from vendors en
tirely unknown , at the time of the purchase ,
to TiiiBiireiresentativewho : , was entrusted
with the work of procuring the samples.
One of thcso purchases was made
on South Thirteenth street from a dealer
who had a wagon full of small cans and
whoso team was being driven sit a rapid rate
of speed , when lirst seen , as if in haste to
cover a large and remunerative route of cus
tomers. The milk was purchased just as the
vendor was about to leave his wagon with a
measure of milk for a customer. Tlio ven
dor's dairy is south of the city and his iiuino
is known in tins olllcc. The analysis of his
milk will bo found under exhibit A.
Tlio milk of exhibit Ji was bought on Hurt
street , cant of Twentieth , and from a vendor
who had Just reached his wagon after having
supplied a customer.
hi the third olumii , umter the caption of
"Standard , " appeals an exhibit of the aver
age percentage attained in a number of an
alyses us to what constitutes purn and whole
some milk. Neither of the samples com
pares with it in all respects , yet exhibit U
comes the nearer of the two , whllo Exhibit
A shows that It had been skimmed before
the dealer started out with it to sell to his
customers.
From the interviews published above
there is littledoubt , that the milk found in
Exhibit A is the milk complained of by
thousands of consumers in this city.
A larger number of analyses would servo
but to emphasise this fact , but the almost gen
eral condemnation of the lacteal lluid which
him been made to Tin : BII : : man the past
fnw days ; the number of private people who
suppjrt their own COWH , and the equally
large number who buy milk at special high
rates from neighbors , uould seem to render
more numerous analyses unnecessary. The
following in the report :
Analytical Laboratory Omaha Medical
College , Omaha , Neb. , Juno : ! , IShS. Edward
Uosewater , Esq. , Kditor of Tin : BBI : ,
Omaha , 4Jcb. Dear Sir : 1 have made n
chemical examination of two samples of milk
received from you through the hands of ono
of your representatives and Una them to con
tain as follows , per cent :
Exhibit Exhibit Stand-
A B aril
Water 63.0(1 Ki.75 87.5'J
Huttorfnt 1.7JI H.OT a.lK )
Casein and milk sugar. 'J.III H.'JT S.bO
Ash 1.11 1.31 0.70
Total HXl.OO 100.1)0 ) 100.00
Total solids 12.00"H.25 1250
Hi-action to Test Papers Exhibit A. :
Slightly acid. Exhibit B , : Alkaline. Stand
ard : Alkaline.
U. H. P. . I'lTov , Ph. D. ,
Analytical and Consulting Chemist , Omaha
Medical College.
i\ri. : \\ATIOX.
Milk is the typical food for animals , human
nnd brute , containing- it does , thu carbon
aceous ( heatgivingoleaginous ) , ( respira
tory ) , nitrogenous , ( jjcsh-forming ) , salts or
nsh , ( bono forming ) , und water in correct
proportions and In n condition easily assimil
able oven by the most delicate constitution.
Thu milk of the cow , when placed on the
market , fahold bo slightly alkaline und con
tain not less than twelve and one-half per
cent of total solids , < l-3i per cent ) , three ( , ' ) )
of which should bo butter fat. It , however ,
varies greatly according to the length of tluio
since parturition as well as In the actual pro-
eoss of milking ; tnat , immediately after par
turition being veVy watry , a condition suit
able to the newly born calf , but gradually ,
for a coi tain length of time , becoming richer in
the other elements. Again , wo llnd , whilst
milking , that the portion of milk lirst drawn
from the udder is poorer in quality than the
intermediate portion , the last , sometimes
called "stripplngs" being richest of till , es
pecially from stall-fed cattle. Still again , wo
notice variety in quality when the animal is
changed from stall-fed to pasture and great
euro nas to bo taken of the cattle par
ticularly when removed to fresh grass in the
early spring , In order to maintain the good
quality of the milk.
Another point of Importance is that if it bo
a considerable length of time since the ani
mal has given birth to progeny , the milk will
bo thin and waterv , unable to give true vital
ity to the child , Without doubt the iworoly-
fed animal cannot produce good , healthy , in
vigorating milk , hence onu objection to the
use of swill milk. A diseased animal will
give tnllk really In a state of purefactlon ,
therefore its product should at once bo des-
tioyed. No ono tan object to a healthy beef-
stake ; yet , if the material lias bccauio in the
least way putrid , it would be extremely im
prudent to iniiko use of it , and the same way
with milk. Not only can disease bo commu
nicated from the products of the lower ani
mals to the human from the sickness of the
brute , but it is also the fact that , if there bean
an infectious disease in the family of the
dairyman , the milk , on cooling , is extremely
liable to absorb the poisonous germs of that
trouble. The milker , for instance , may be in
the desquamating stage of some eruptive dis
ease and , whilst manipulating the udder ,
allow some of the scales to fall into the milk.
Would any one bo surprised that these who
drank that milk wcro taken sick ) Such cases
have occurred often. Again , cattle fed on u
meadow irrigated with the sewerage of a
town disseminates many diseases.
In explanation of the ubovo table permit mete
to say that u pure milk should bo slightly al
kaline to test papers. I llnd that the one
marked A is the reverse.
The total solids should Do at least 12 } per
cent. Letter A does not comu up to that
standard.
The casein or cheesy portion , is composed
of several albuminous bodies and gives rise
largely to the color of milk. When this de-
decomposes , we find the yellow stringy
masses floating as n curd on the surface of
the liquid it is the nitrogenous part of the
compound which should on no account show
itself. If it does so then the liquid has be
come sour , curdled , nnd must not bo given to
children , seeing that it 1ms changed from the
soluble albumen into the insoluble albumen.
The milk-sugar gives the sweetness
and the hoat-makiin. ' properties to
milk , but when decomposition takes
place it is converted , with the casein , into
saccharic and lactic acids ; cither of which
will cause acidity of the stomach and
diarrlucie troubles in the young.
The ash represents the inorganic material
contained in the milk and is the bone-forming
portion thereof. Jn genuine milk we expect
to llnd 7-10 per cent. Both of these samples
hold somewhat morn , that , however , may bo
fiom the quality of water the animals or the
Jars may have been supplied with.
The water is of necessity there , seeing
that the human economy is very largely
built of it , but not of milk ana water.
On the whole letter B is an excellent
sample , whilst I must object to letter A ,
partially bceauso of its hick of total solids ,
chlolly because it does not contain enough
butter fnt , my opinion being that It has been
skimmed. H. S. G. I'ATON , I'h. D. ,
Analytical ami Consulting Chemist. Professor
of Chemistry , Omaha Medical College.
Tlio Inspector * ' Kvcnso.
'llieip aio two milk Inspectors in Omaha ,
Fred Hickntcin and William Fnrr. Both of
thcso have been seen and without attempt nt
evasion told about the defective method em
ployed to detect adulterated milk ,
ritii : ) Illl'KnTKIV.
Mr. Hiekstem is a little man with n smil
ing countenance und an honest expression.
Ho answered all the questions propounded
almost without reserve , and there was some
thing in his manner that created the im
pression that ho did not euro to conceal any
thing relating to the inspection In question
which the visitor sought to ascertain ,
MAN'l MII.K Ml\ ,
At the outset , ho stated it was impossible
to reach all the milk dealers and more es
pecially to examine all the milk they brought
to the market. The latter came from all
parts of the city mid surrounding country
among the places being Blair , Mills Station ,
Calhoun , Waterloo , Cretnn , Forest City ,
Millard , Bellevue and other places. Be
sides , the moans of testimony , the lactometer
was not worth a row of pins. It showed the
specillo gravity of the milk and approxi
mately the amount of water in a given quan
tity but it could not tell of the other adulter
ations. If sugar wcro put into the milk the
lactometer would not show it. To discover
that anil other ingredients would require u
chemist and , Mr. Illekstein modestly ad
mitted ho was not such a gentleman. Ho
was u meat inspector and had been a butcher
but was in no way quulillcd by experience or
education to go farther in the Inspection of
milK than ho could go with the aid of the
lactometer. Ho had been taluing with Dr. Ed-
miston and had told that gentleman who is
now in Now Yorlc , to try and get a more per
fect tester. Ho said that in u few days , ho
expected to hear whether or not the doctor
had been successful.
TIIU I.lCTOMETKIl.
Mr. Hlckstoin then produced his lactome
ter , which was in a wooden box wrapped up
carefully In a largo cloth. The instrument
is simple in construction , consisting of a
glass bulb about an inch in diameter. This ,
by means of a narrow neck is attached to u
tube about ono inch in diameter rind live
inches in length. Attached to this tube is a
smaller ono slightly thicker than that of tbo
average thermometer. Within this tnbo is u
graduated scale printed on paper , the de
grees ranging from zero to I'M. The latter
degree Is immediately above the larger tube ,
the former at the other extremity of the
smaller one. The bulb contains u number of
fine shot , tins gives weight to the instrument
and sinks it when it is to be placed in milk
which is to bo tested. If the lactometer
sinks only to the degreu indicated by 120 , Mr.
Hickstein says that this fact shows that the
milk is exceedingly pure. If the instrument
drops no further than 1K ( ) , the milk is said to
be still pure , Its purity , however , decreasing
as thu tester .sinks in the liquid.
TIIO fMi.iss I.VSTIU VEST.
Mr. Hickstein repeated that if the milk
were adulterated with certain substances ,
the lactometer would sink anyway but , by no
means tell the kind of milk it was testing.
In response to a question as to how and
when he used his tester , Mr. Hickstein said
that ho had no regular time or method. If
ho was going along the street and saw a milk
wagon , ho jumped up into it put his lactome
ter to work. If the milk he tested was
considered all right , he let the venders drive
ofT.
I'licTTV noon MII.K.
"I find the milk pretty good , " said Mr.
Hickstein , "but you sec I've also got to in
spect about l-IO markets , that is William
Fan- and I do. He has sixty and I do too.
Farnuni street is the dividing line ; ho takes
Bouth of it nml I north of it. Well fed cows
give good milk but these which are poorly
fed give poor milk. "
"Havo you ever traced milk to a diseased
cow and then killed the animal ( "
Mr. Hlckstoin said that ho
had not. " 1 had an understanding with
Dr. Gerth that if I found a cow that required
killing I should notify him. I would
like to say that I don't think there are many
diseased cow.s In this county. I examined
aiX ) yesterday ( Wednesday ) and 150 to-day ,
and didn't find any. But now I must wait
for Dr. Oerth , who bus been called oft"
some other place. The dairymen around
hero are having their cattle examined. Stu-
bon , who has about eighty cows , had his ex
amined to-day. "
I'owr.m.nss IN Tim SIIAMIII.KS.
"Aro yon permitted to go to the stock yards
nnd prevent the sulo of diseased cows to
shut off the supplv of Impure milk I"
"I can go into the slaughter houses of the
city and prevent the sale of diseased meat ,
but I cannot at the stock yards. "
"Why , are they not within three miles of
the city limits j"
"Yes , but they Imvo a city of their own In
South Omaha , and 1 can not do anything
there. But some of the proprietors of the
packing houses down thcro gave mo permis
sion to go through their houses , but I can't
do anything. There are not many sick cows
there anyway. Sometimes ono breaks her
legs In the cars. Well , If she's killed In a
few hours the break doesn't injure. But if
she lies thcro for twenty-four hours she's
likely to got feverish because of her nervous
ness and fretting. "
itccii'K roil
Returning to the subject of adulterations ,
Mr. Illekstein said that ho had been trying
to find out a certain party who hud approached
preached some milkmen in this city , mid of
fered to sell them for > ( ) a recipe for "mak
ing" milk , in other words , adulter
ating it. Ono of these milkmen
was Mr , Littlellold. of Saratoga ,
The recipe was for a composition two thirds
milk , tliu rest adulterations. The mutter
was referred by Mr. Littlellcld to Mr. Hick
stein. but the latter hail not yet discovered
the Inventor of the compound. Mr. Hick'
stein said that oven if two-thirds of the milk
were pure , there would bo sufllclent Induce
ment for the adulteration of the renaining
third to the dairyman who did not want to bo
honest.
HOW TO TUI.I , IT.
Mr. Hlckstcin saiJ that there was a good
and easy way to tell doctored milk. Uood
milk discolored the glass , whllo adulterated
milk streaked It in places , nnd milk which
had been sugared left littm spots a\nn \ the
glass. It was a mistake to say that chalk
and starch wcro used in adulterating milk.
Both of these ingredients weald settle and
tell the tale ,
WtNTS \ Clir.MIST.
Admitting the valueless nature of tbo
lactometer as n means of discovering adulter
ated milk , thu inspector favored the appoint
ment of a chemist , whoso duty it should bo
to examine all milk brought to him for that
purpose bv special policemen who might
seize milk for that purpose anywhere ; that
would bo the only means of ascertaining
where there wcro violations of the law.
OIlAtS AMI 8TAI.I , 1T.H.
"Ho.w much milk is consumed daily in
Omaha I"
Mr. Hickstein said ho could not tell.
"How many milk venders . -.ire there In
Omaha J" was asked.
Mr. II. hesitated. "I thmk thei-o arc
about ono hundred , " he mid finally.
"Docs thut Include tlio raws jn the city
which are fed In stalls urn ) On brewer *
'grnlnn1 and distillery Mtvpl"
"Those are nearly nil out on crnw noWy
But country nnd city cows are fed on both
grains nnd grass. 1 consider brewery malt
very wholesome. I know It Is used as far
south as Bellovuo. " '
MrTTiTrr.
William Farr , the second meat nnd milk
inspector , resides on n height on South
Twenty-third street , which Is half enbowcred
in the greenwood which flourishes In that
neighborhood. Ho Is n pleasant faced
gentleman nml seems to bo both reliable anil
comfortably situated. Ho dots his til's with
an h.
"Wo cannot do much In Inipcctlnp nillkt'
ho said , "with our present tester. Milkmen
can get the same testers at n plnco In this
town for nbout 6(1 ( cents , nnd with thcso they
can test their milk themselves before they go
out nnd servo their patrons. "
A inn nicirn. :
"There Is ono man hero who hai been
around selling recipes milkmen , telling
thi'in how to ninko milk , "
"Without the use of uillk ! "
"Yes. The rcclpo cnlls for glyccrlno ,
sugar , tnblo salt and annntto and the fellow
has tried to sell It to it number of our dnlfy-
men Ho nsltcd . " 00 for It. I mot n milk *
man the other day who said ho had been
offered the rcclpo , but who declined It oil the
ground that ho had all the good cows ho
wanted. When Dr. Gerth comes back Tm
going to take him to sco some of the dairies.
Dr. Oerth was out Inspecting with Hick-
stein yesterday [ Thursday ] . But It's pretty
dllllcu.lt to find out whether the farmers nro
using this recipe , because they won't glvo It
nwny and they won't tell who it was offered
It and sold to them. 1 behove though , ho hna
sold It to some of them. "
"Have you tested the milk of the dealer
who told you nbout the recipe I"
"Yes , I have tested it and llud It as good
as my tester will show. "
"What does your tester showl"
"You have seen lactometers , haven't you ! "
[ Tin : llni : man assured Mr , Farr tha the had. ]
"Well , I used to try It on tbo milk of my own
cow. It showed bO = nnd sotnntltncs 85 ° . But
some cows have better milk , you know , than
others. I let my cow's milk stand over night ,
the lactometer in the morning would show
100 = , " ( As mentioned In the description of
the lactometer In Mr. Hlekstoin's talk , 100 °
mean pure milk. The cooler the milk Is the
better the showing of the lactometer. When
milkmen let their milk stnnd on ice ono night !
the she wing often npprouces 1003. "
"Do people who receive milk In the morn
ing get milk which was milked that day I"
MII.K itiiiTii.x : ( : : IIOHIMOU ) .
"Not always , The milk delivered In the
morning is held over from the night boforo.
especially where in cool weather there is but
one delivery n day. The milk is sometimes-
mixed with that of the morning for nn evening -
ing delivery. "
"Aro the people , or n majority of thorn
aware of this practice J"
"No. I think they nro not. "
"They arc tinder the impression then , th'at
when they get morning or evening's milk
they nro getting the milk of these tluics ol
the day on which it is delivered. "
"Very many of them are , yes. sir. "
"What would you say of a milk which had
been milked in the evening ; stood nil night ,
nnd had no cream on it in the morning ! " ;
"I would say it was adulterated. "
"Do you know what Ingredients nro used
to adulterate milk ! "
"No , I don't. "
"How many milk dealers nro thcro in
Omaha and vicinity ? "
" 1 have no Idea. There may bo 150.y < 3
have no means of knowing. "
"How many stall fed cattle nro there la
the city ? "
"There are none that are giving milk. "
"How many that are fed on brewery
malt ? "
"About twenty , probably. "
"What do you think about malt after it
comes from tlio brewrey for food ? "
Tin ; niuwiitv : : MII.K.
"I think it is good ; that is , It is not un
wholesome , but it can be smelled. It gives a
dilTei cut smell to the milk. I have shaken ,
milk in cans and could tell from the smell
thit : the cnw.s hnd boon foil nn hrnwnrv
malt. "
, 'When do you perform your inspection } '
"When I see a milk wagon passing , I stop
It and make an examination of the milk.
Once in a while I let a man pass so as to como
on him unaware. Yes , I inspect n number of
wagons every day. "
"About , how many ? "
"About twenty-live. "
"What is the standard of the milk in the
average ? "
"Tlio lactometer shows that it does not ex
ceed eighty-five degrees. Tlio milk Is richer
now than it was , because of the grass the
cows can feed on. "
"What was the lowest degree reached la
the milk examined I"
"Fifty degrees. The tnllk was destroyed.
I told the man ho had to improve his mllle
and since that time his milk has rated at
eighty degrees. "
"How do you account for the raise in the
standard ? "
"Well , the cows are now fed on grass. "
"Could not the milk man , on the next day
have raised the standard of his milk by 'doc
toring' the same so that the laetomer would
have shown eighty degrees ! "
\\ANTUP , A NIJW "TKXTKII. "
"I believe he could. We are going to got a
new tester soon ; liavo written to llnd out
where it can bo found und what it can do.
No , wo do not meet any opposition from milk
dealers. We have never made a tcstcaeo
and have never had any milkman fined. "
"What means would you suggest as tlio
best to keep the city milk puroi"
" 1 don't think there is any other way ,
unless it be to got a first-class tester or to
have the milk1 analysed by u chemist. "
"How long have you been in the ofllco 01
milk inspector ! "
"Twelve months. "
Would you favor licensing cow-owners and
milkmen I"
" 1 think it would bo a good Idea to compel
them to take out a permit , but 1 wouldn't
charge them anything lor the privilege of
keeping a cow. "
Tlio liiHpcctor'H Duty.
On December II , ISbfl , the ordinance creat
ing the ofllco of meat nnd milk inspector was
approved by tlio mayor. With reference to
the latter position , the provision is as fol >
lows :
The said inspector shall , from time to time ,
inspect and examine milk brought within the
city or offered for sale or delivered for use as
food , und shall take such steps as may bo
necessary to determine the quality , purity
and wholcsoinncss of such milk , and shall
take such action as may bo necessary to prevent -
vent the sale , distribution or delivery of any
adulterated , unlieulthful or Impuru inlllt
which , for any reason may bo unlit for food.
In the pursuance of his duty , the Inspector
Is authorized to enter any store during busl
ness hours where milk is kept for sale , ejata.
Ino the same and if tlio milk is tainted , dis
eased , adulterated or linpurn so as to bo unfit
for food , condemn the sumo , cause it to bo
removed and thrown into the Missouri river.
It is also made the duty of the Inspector ,
nt the end of each month , to make the city
council a detailed statement of his worlc
under tbo ordinances nnd all violations nnd
evasions of the same. Both the Inspectors
comply with the ordinance In making a
monthly report to the council , but that
report seems to have little to say about the
milk , The Uiu : man made examination of
thcso documents which are on fllo
in City Clerk Southard's ofllco
and of these seen , nlno or tea
in number , only two told of milk destroyed.
Ono of those was by Farr , v/ns dated July
ItyT , und iccordcd the fact that ho had
destroyed ton gallons of milk ; the other
wasUated May aist , the sni.u your , signed
by Hiekstein and told of his having sarrillced
twenty live gallons , Thus , in Huvcntco-i
months when millions of gallons of niillc
with all kinds of adulterations have buen
sold nnd consumed In this city , under our
present system of inspection , only tlility-
llvo liuvo been found unlit for use ,
There is not n sensible men in the community
v/'io will not pronounce the showing a farce.
Tin : LAW.
The statutes make It an offense punlsHuhln
by a line fiom ( ! : to jlOU to to'l ' milk diluted
by water , or the product of diseased animals.
This law has been and is ndt ad letter. If
it wwo i.iiforced thcro would lo more lion-
oil imlkincn , more satislled families , moro
hcr.ithy babies. But there is no mentis to
collate the evidence necessary to procure
convection. As a consequence the local In
spection of milk is n farce and the pcoplo
iiro paying lor u laugh which Is ut their ex
pense. The first councilman that will tuko
hold of and reform the Bale of milk In this
city 30 that unadulterated milk may take tha
iiiaou ol the present dirty stuff , cvi-n if scolc-
Ing no future perfcrment.will have placed to
liia credit the heartfelt appreciation of tbou-
s of luuiou * Barents Ui this community.
