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! THE OMAHA DAILY BUE ; SUNDAY /AUGUST 14 , 1887.-TWELVE PAGES , 11
' 1'BETRIAIS OF AN EMIGRANT ,
SUminiicentei by * Former Emigrant Now
a Prosperous Missouri Official ,
LANDING AT CASTLE GARDEN.
An Unclean Italian The Terror * of
tbo Storm Amusements In the
Btcerage The emigrants' Diet
Emigration | n Olden Times.
A gentleman from the northern part ot
Missouri who woa in Omaha two clays of
last week is a living cxcmplillcation of
tlm advantages which the land of the
free and the homo of the bravo possesses
for men of nil nationalities. A few years
ago this gentleman landed in this coun
try , ono of tv mhnber of tired and
wretched immigrants. To-day ho is nn
associate justice of the county court of a
prosperous Missouri county In which he
lias made considerable money as well as
I AS * many friends.
If In conversation with a representative
of the BKI : this gentleman who , by the
way , is a very Intelligent man , imparted
some interesting Information in regard
to the habits , the trials and tribulations
of the emigrant while en route to this
country.
"Tho scene on the pier previous to the
departure of a vessel is an exciting ono , "
said ho. "It is crowded with emigrants
all in a confused and excited state , re
minding ono of n frightened Hook of
sheop. The majority are perhaps En
glish , Irish and Gorman , though nearly
all nations are represented. More than
half of the whole number of emigrants
arrive in Now York from Liverpool , a
curious fact being that as many German
emigrants come to America by way of
l.ivoipool as those who sail In steamers
direct from Hamburg 01 .Bremen. These
Germans nre conveyed to Hull by water
nnd thence across England by rail to
tiivcrpool. A shipload ol those seekers
for homes is a curious sight , many Minis
ter men and some loose women are no-
ticcitblfl , but hero and there may bo
noticed many neat in dress and cleanly
in appearance and promising citizens.
Ivioh emigrant has a contract ticket ,
which in consideration of the current
rate of faro stipulates for his transporta
tion to New York , together with a full
supply of wholesome provisions , cooked
nnd served by Its stewards ; the passenger
is required to provide himself with bed
ding and cooking utensils. In my time
the weekly allowance of food for adults
was prescribed oy the government and
printed on the contract ticket. As I re
member it , It was 91 quarts of water , 3 }
pounds ot broad , 1 pound of wheaten
ilour , 1 } pounds of oatmeal , rice and
peas , 2 pounds of potatoes , 1J pounds of
beef , 1 pound of pork , 3 ounces of tea ,
1 pound of sugar , and salt , popper , mus
tard , vinegar , etc. The stoorngo stewards
berth the emigrants , and they nro then
murshaled on deck under the scrutiny of
n government inspector who examines
them for infectious diseases.
"Ou nearly all vessels just before start
ing are found "stowaways" or some poor
follows who , enthused with the glowing
descriptions of the land beyond the sea
and too poor to pay passage , are des
perate enough to attempt to steal pass
age. In nearly all instances these are
discovered when the tickets are exam
ined , and they are sent back to shore.
Sortie of them will make the piteous tale
that they have been robbed of their
money wnilo waiting for the vessel or
lost their tickets , but this is of no avail.
After the steerage passengers are at
tended to , the cabin passengers coino
aboard and the vessel pushes out. "
"What is the general treatment these
people receive while at sea V" asked the
reporter.
"Well , " replied the Missourlan ,
"neither oflicors or men seem to consider
thorn worthy of respect. Occasionally
you will tind some ships olliccrs who will
treat them in a humane , tolerating mtui-
'er , but as n rule they are treated more
like a drove of cattle. No difference is
made between the bettor or worse class
but all are treated alike. There is no
classification , the single women and men
nro separated , but I'olos , Germans , En
glish , French , Italians , and people of all
countries arc thrown together. A cleanly ,
thrifty woman is berthed next to a filthy
ono , nnd the same with neat appearing
hardworking men who are compelled to
mingle with the dirtiest of vagabonds.
"Tbo steerage is usually cold , dark and
foul smelling. It extends nearly the en
tire length of the vessel under the saloon
deck nnd is cut np in gloomy apartments.
In each ono of these nro four tiers of
berths or bunk , two on each side. The
lower tier is two feet from the deck and
the upper tier throe feet from the roof.
The ritoorago is about ten feet in height ;
in each tier nro probably six berths
eighteen inches wide and six feet long and
made of boards. These berths generally
omit nn unpleasant smell of chlorate of
limo or carbolio acid. "
"It is not then the most pleasant sight , "
remarked the UKE man.
"It is anything but a pleasant sight
which greets ones eyes as he enters the
Steerage from the open deck. The
women and children are sitting or lying
In the berths , the former tired and pale ,
yet bearing their sulToring with that wo
manly fortitude characteristic of the sex ;
the omldrnn giving vent to their feelings
in sobs.
"Ofllelous stewards are moving about
Indulging in a coarse joke hero and a
growl at some unfortunate thara. After
the supper , and but fnw partake of ihn
first ono at sea , the tables are raised to
f the root and the atctrago center space is
clcnr. Some lamps are then lighted , but
1 promptly extinguished at 9 o'clock.
> Three meals arc served every day and In
r - quality and quantity they are substantial.
For breakfast nt 8 o'clock emigrants sit
n down to do justice to oatmeal porridge
and molasses , hot bread , coll'co and salt
life fish. For dinner at 13 perhaps soup or
broth , boiled moats , potatoes and broad.
For supper at 0 tea and broad and butter
with molasses. However substantial the
food may be , the manner in which it is
served Is uncleanly. Ueef and soup are
placed on the table in rusty looking tins
nnd then a scramble takes place , dirtv
lingers often being used instead of forks.
On n pleasant summer day thn emigrants
have quito a merry time on deck. Some
of the Italians bring out their harps and
violins and a concert takes place. Aside
from this these people amuse themselves
at cards , checkers , and other games , and
After a time they become partially accus
tomed to their filthy prison , the majority
make the best of It and cnjcy themselves
to a degree. "
"How Is the emigrant cared for during
n storm ? " queried the reporter.
"That's just where ho reaches the
height of his misery , " answered the ox-
emigrant. " 1 shall never forgot the suf
ferings wo all endured during n severe
fitorm on my passage. When the storm
eamo up the hatches were battened
down , the ports screwed in their places
nnd the companionways closed. Ifuring
nil the time the sea is on deck perhaps
] ,000 people were confined to the steerage.
on this occasion , for nearly three days.
The atmosphere became close and In
twenty-four hours was loaded with im-
puritlasi meals wcro irregularly served
net the food barely cooked. I shall
Dover forgot the exhibition of terror on the
part of some of the emigrants , and their
terror became contagious as tholr shrinks
( row louder , and-thoir prayers more fro.
quent. After the storm had subsided ,
thO'SUjorftge was upon , the sailor *
would not BO In to clean up for BX hours
nnd then they had to bo supplied with
1X11 ? * allowance of grog. I remember
on this trip an Incident which a sailor
told mo was not an unusual ono. Ono
of the Italians in the steerage had not
washed himself since he had boon on
board , nnd after the storm ho refused to
leave his bunk , but clung to It In all Its
filth , and with his characteristic indo-
lenco. On the captain's order he was
brought on board and thoroughly
cleansed witn a hose , after which ho re
turned apparently feeling no bettor for
his clean uo , but I am certain the bal
ance of ua rested easier.
' \Vhcn the steamer arrives nt quaran
tine , a tow boat convoys the doctor on
board and ho Inspects the emigrants. If
there are no cases of infectious disease
the steamer proceeds to the city , and
shortly another steamboat appears with
the boarding oflleor of the emigration
commissioners. This otlicial ascertains
the number of passengers on board and
listens to complaints.
"Soon the trees of the Battery park
come in sight , the steamer's pulse ceases ,
bovcral barges are towed alongside , and
the emigrants with their baggage nro
transferred to those. The same excite *
mont is hero manifest as at the outset of
the voyage. The poor emigrants are
browbeaten and driven about like the
same old sheep , and as soon as the
barges are loaded a small steamer takes
them In tow and they nro landed with
their loud of human feight at Castle Gar
den.
den."Tho
"Tho barges loaded with emigrants are
soon moored to the wharf , and the cus
tom house oilkors examine the baggage ;
old chests , barrels and bundles nro
packed together and the oflicors begin
the work ot examination.
"Do these people have much property ? "
"Somo of the emigrants have no bag
gage whatever , and it is safe to say that
$100 is the average amount of cash held
by ono person with perhaps $00 addition
al in property.
, " When the oagsago has been "passed"
by the inspectors , it is checked and sent
to a room prepared for its reception.
The immigrants are examined by a med
ical oflicer , who ascertains that no pau
pers or criminals nro among them , and
that no person atllictcd with contagious
or infectious diseases have escaped the
doctor at quarantine. The immigrants
are then ushered into the rotunda , a high-
roofed circular building , into which ven
tilation and light are admitted by a dome
soventy-Iivo foot high. The tloor is
divided into small inclosnrcs containing
a post ollice , telegraph ollico , money ex
change and restaurant. As the crowd
files iti , each passenger is detained for n
moment at the registration desk , where
his name , ago , nationality , destination ,
the vessel's name and the date of arrival
are carefully recorded and preserved.
"When the registration is complete a
clerk announces the names of the pas
sengers who have friends waiting for
them , or for whom letters , telegrams or
remittances have been received , and de
livery is made to the persons answering.
Other passengers who wish to communi
cate with acquaintances or relatives are
referred to clerks who speak and write
their language , and their messages are
transmitted from the telegraph desk or
by mail. The railroad companies have
agents in the building , and the passen
gers who wish to leave the city arc shown
to the ticket offices , while their baggage
is rcchecked and conveyed to the trainer
or depot without charge. Those who
want rest are permitted to remain in the
rotunda , where a bowl of cofleo , ton or
milk and a small loaf of bread are sup
plied to them for ten cents. If thev
chonsn they can go to ono of the board
ing houses licensed by the commissioners ,
which offer food and lodging at the
moduat price of a dollar or a dollar and
half. There is also a labor bureau which
is of much aid to the now comnrs. The
Immigrants are guarded against swind
lers by a broker's oflico where coin is ex
changed for bills at the lowest current
rates , and whore valuables may bo de
posited without charco.
"Many years ago the great majority of
emigrants wore so poor that they could
not prepay their passage. They accepted
advances anil were bonded to the ship
owners , who derived enormous profits.
Charles Kondo has a vivid description of
the emigrant trutlic nt this period in his
' Heir. " When vessel
Wandering a ar
rived at Philadelphia or Now York , the
Bteorago passengers wcro sold at public
unction to the highest bidder. The eoun-
tiy people either came themselves to
purchase , or sent aironts. Parents sold
their children , that they might remain
free themselves , and families wcro scat
tered never to bo re-united. Old people
and widows did not soil well ; while
healthy parents with healthy children ,
and youths of both sexes , found n ready
market. When ono or both parents died
on the voyage , the expenses of the whole
family were summed up , and charged to
the survivor. Adults had to servo from
three to sixyears , and children until they
became of age. Runaways had to servo
ono week for each day , ono montli for
each week , and six months for each
month of their absence. The emigrants
were called "indented servants , " l > ut in
cH'oet they were slaves.
"The last sales of immigrants took place
I think In Philadelphia during the years
1818 or 1819. The government then inter
fered with the tralllc , nnd encouraged the
Immigration ot a superior class of peoplo.
Hut the accommodations for emigrants re
mained shamefully defective , and nearly
twenty out of every hundred passengers
died at sea of fever or starvation. The
steerage deck was usually about five feet
high , without ventilation or light , and in
this space the bunks were ranged in two
pr three tiers.
"The health of the passengers was fur
ther impaired by another evil which , up
to a very recent date , prevailed on board
emigrant vessels. The emigrants were
to provide and cook their own food.
Many embarked without any provisions
or an insullieient quantity , and others
found no opportunity to cook what they
had. On tint upper deck of the vessel
there were two small "galleys , ! ' about
live foot wide and four feet deep , caoh
supplied with a grata , and these wcro
the only arrangements inado for cooking
tko food for several hundred persons.
"Thousands never lived to see their des
tination. Out of about ninety-eight thou
sand laborers sent from Ireland to Cana
da after the famine of 1840. nearly twen
ty-live thousand perished In consequence
of the poor rations and defective ventila
tion of the ships. Later still , in 18GS , on
ono vessel mono the Leibnitz" from
Hamburg over ono hundred passengers
died out of five hundred.
"Tho mortality on vessels bringing emi
grants to Now York to-dav will perhaps
not exceed ono and two-thirds per cent. ,
nnd in some instances is no greater than
one-eighth per cent. "
LOOKINf/TORjiM.
ll'ntteii for the Sunday nee.
The little sketch I am about to write is
absolutely true. It occuriod when I
was a British soldier , stationed at Malta
in the year 1375. I was quartered in the
St. Elmo barracks , right at the entrance
to the Grand harbor , and over the histor
ical spot where Napolrou is supposed to
have gunk the golden gates. Anyone
who luu * over visited that island who
has sailed past the entrance and up to
the Grand and Quarantine harbors , can
not hiivo failed to notice the grand chal
dron of foaming nnd seething water ;
always turbulent , no matter how calm
the day , whilst 400 foot above are the
granite Imrraoka of St. Elmo. The sol
diers la/.ily pacing to and fro are m strik
ing contrast to the rough ocean below
' which for sublimity and grandeur Is
'worth the painter's mast artistic skill.
Military life in Malta consists m a seem-
never ceasing round of guard
mounting. Fall In at 7 a. m. , bo In
spected by the regimental officers , then
march to the brigade headquarters and
bo inspected by the brigade officers , tin-
ally march to governor's headquarters ,
bo reviewed , march past , salute and then
off to the various guards , arriving at
your post somewhere about 10 or 11 , and
all this time belted up and wearing a
knapsack containing n full kit. with the
thermometer at about 104 ° m the shade ;
then when on guard you cannot remove
your belts , and when on sentry you must
wear your knapsack and straps. How
ever , to my story. In the company to
which 1 belonged was a young married
couple In whom the whole ragimont
scorned to take especial pndo. The man ,
Corporal James Fennessy , was the son
of a former olllcer of the regiment , an
officer who had fought and won his way
from the ranks to the adjutancy , and
who , while winning rank and glory , had
been debarred from saving that most
essential article , either in civil or military
life , money ; consequently when the old
man died after thirty-throe years active
and faithful service it was found that his
entire estate consisted of sovcntocn
pounds in money , four medals , the Vio-
torla cross , a presentation sword , and
two old suits of uniform , The son after
waiting as long as ho could in the hope
that his father's services would enable him
to obtain a commission , at last onliitod as
n privnto soldier in the regiment of which
his father had been an honored officer ,
and was immediately given his first stcj >
that of corporal. Our regimental school
mistress was a young lady with almost
n similar lustorv to that of Corporal Fen-
nossy , the two having been born In India
in the regiment and known no ether
homes than the barracks. What wondar
was it that the two should bo very much
attached to each other , and when Cor
poral Fen ness v , as is the rule , sent in
Ins written application to be allowed to
marry the schoolmistress and be assigned
quarters in the married block , the whole
regiment from colonel to private took a
personal and proud interest in the suc
cess of the couple. They wcro married
by the chaplain , the colonel giving the
bride away and the company furnishing
the wedding banquet , andmuuy were the
brilliant prospects which the wiseacres
of the regiment spoke of. lint duty and
discipline go hand in hand in the British
army , ami in spite of its being Jim's
wedding day , the tirst order issued that
evening for the morrow's duty road :
"Corporal James Fenncssy and eight
men will mount guard at 7 a. m. on St.
Elmo heights. " In due time the guard
mounting took place and it was nearly
11 o'clock before we readied St. Elmo
heights. Then when sentries were relieved -
liovod wo gladly throw off our knapsacks
and looked over the blue Mediterranean.
As far as the eye gould roach the sea ap
peared to bo perfectly calm , while the
different sails appeared so motionless as
to resemble "painted boats upon a
painted ocean , " yet down 400 feet below
us , the vntors were as usual seething and
I'oaminjr , curling and dashing against the
rocks as if to make up by their fury the
calmness of the sea. It was hot. In the
guard house the myriads of Hies made it
impossible to rest ; outside on the parapet.- )
tho" scorching rays boat down pitilessly ,
and the only shade to bo obtained was to
sit or ho in the apertures or embrasures
built to receive the huge cannon placed
there to protect the island from invasion ,
but only used for firing salutes. These
embrasures were built out of the , solid
fort wall , were about three yards wide
and sloped and widened out till the edge
was reached. Knowing that our next
visitor would bo the inspecting officer at
13 o'clock , the moat of us made ourselves
as comfortable as the circumstances
would permit. The corporal , no doubt
mentally reviewing the events ot the
previous day , lay down in ono of the em
brasures : ind was soon lulled by the heat
into slnmbur. My readers need scarcely
bo told that when a sentry gives the com
mand "Guard turn out" it is a matter of
pride with the soldier to grasp his rillo
and fall in us quickly as possible. In due
time tlio officer made his appearance ; the
sentry gave the usual warning and each
man sprang to obey. The guard fell in
but whore was the corporal ? Wo looked
at each other in speechless terror. There
wits but one explanation of his absence.
Instead of running towards the guard
house when aroused by the sentry's cry
the poor fellow had evidently run in the
wrong direction nnd had fallen 400 feet
into the angry waters below , and 'ere we
could explain to the officer the terrible
catastrophe that had occurred , the young
wife appeared carryings dinner the first
she had over prepared for her husband.
Smiling and half blushing she passed on
to the guard house saying , "Good morn
ing , boys , I've brought Jim's dinner.
Whore is ho ? " After a hurried consulta
tion with the officers wo told her that the
sergeant-major had sunt for Jim , but
that he would bo back shortly , and while
she was arranging her little dinner as
tastefully as she could , ono man ran off
to beg the sergeant-major's wife , to break
the news as gently as possible to the
young widow. By a ruse wo persuaded
nor to return to the barracks , whore by
degrees she was told the pnml story. I
have often thanked my God that'I re
mained on duty that day on the heights ,
for I am told that the whole barracks re
sounded with her pitiful screams and
sobs. Towards night , worn out with
emotions and physically exhausted , she
laid down nnd slept quietly. Now comes
the most peculiar part of my little tulo ,
and one which can bo vouched for bv
thcB uiuls of British soldiers. At day
break she arose , dressed herself and
walked ( jack to our guard house. She
cumo to the door perfectly calm and ap
parently sane. With u pleasant smile
sbe bade us good morning , and enquired
for her husband. When told that ho was
not there , and pressed to sit down nnd
rest herself , she replied , "No , thank you ,
boys , I'm looking for Jim , " and passed
on. From guard house to guard house
the poor woman walked , always with the
same object lookingfor Jim and closed
her search only when night came , only
to repent the programme the no\t day.
For two long years shu hurried from
guard to guard , always seemingly in a
great hurry , nnd although old friends
could sometimes keep her chatting a lUlo !
while , still she would soon grow restless
and huriy on with the excuse that she
was "Looking for Jim. " Perfectly sane
on every other toplo , no amount of rca-
sonlug would convince her but what Jim
was on guard somewhere. Her strange
and pitiful tulo was of course known to
every soldier on the island , and the boys
all had a kind word and a stuila for her
whenever she made her appearance. The
officers of the regiment subscribed suf
ficient money to prevent her from want
ing anything , and oven wished to send
her to England , but she would not hear
of such thing. I shall find Jim directly ,
she would say , and then everything will
lo all right. One morning she was missed
from her accustomed haunts ami on
going to her room .sho was found worn
almost to a skeleton by Juir hurried wan
derings to and fro , laying on her bed-
dead. Every guard house in Malta was
draped in black out of respect to her
memory and the regiment which had re
spected her living , honored her dead. On
the following day the funeral took place
at Florlana cemetery , largo numbers of
soldiers attended and her body was low
ered to the grave to the mournful strains
of the Doail March , played by the regi
mental band. Bofaro the regiment left
Malta the soldier. * raised a subscription ,
and vliitors to the cemetery can now sea
over her grave a plain while marble cross
ou which is inscribed :
Bacrod to the Momorr ot
A * MB. .
"Gone to Meet Her Jim. "
Albert Frlndlander has Invented n
portable electric lieht. It is made by
turning plates of carbon and zlno into
the exciting fluid by means of a knob. In
turning them back the light is extin
guished. . , '
FREE CHURCHES DEMANDED.
Tha System of Pew Banting Denounced
as One of the Devices of the Devil.
CHURCH A PLACE OF EQUALITY.
Where nigh and Low , Itloh and Poor
Hbonld be on the Sane Level Tbe
Free Church the Means to
_ lleach the Mauci
TTrfMw for tin § iwdailite / by M , F. Ser i on ,
of Dctiwr. .
No serious-minded person , who con
templates the state of Christianity at the
present day , can fall to see that the
church docs not reach or got hold of the
masses. On the contrary infidelity and
scepticismliberalism and sociallsm.seetn
to be on the increase , and Christianity
cspnclally in the western states and ter
ritories , as far as the masses are con
cerned , is quietly being cast off.
Now , what is the remedy ? And how
shall the church roach the masses , or
rather , how shall the masses bo brought
into the church ?
Before answering these qucstionslotus
look back to the first centuries of the
church , and wo will be struck at the ex
traordinary change , which has taken
place in the relation of Christianity to
what arc termed the lower classes of so
ciety. It was to these classes , at the out
set , that the gospel made Iti most earnest
appeal. To the poor , to slaves , to the
aflllctcd and oppressed of every sort , the
apostles and other early preachers , prin
cipally addressed their teachings. By
this multitudinous class they were heard
with the most sympathy , and from their
ranks the primitive churches wore
filled. Christianity first estab
lished itself on the lower strata of the
populace. The early church was the
church of the catacombs. It burrowed
underground before It emerged into day
light , and climbed to high places ot
power. The heathen writers of the first
two centuries scarcely allude to the
Christians , and when they are referred
to , it is as an ignorant and despised class.
The rich , the powerful and the cultured ,
if they noticed them at all , regarded
thorn with disdain. The early apologists
had to defend the Christian cause against
the accusation of being a religion that
started from "barbarians" and sought ,
acceptance among the vicious and un
learned.
Christianity was the religion of the
people , and so it continued to bo through
the middle ages. In this last period , it is
true , that all classes , the high and the
low , the rich and the poor , were gathered
into its fold , but among them wcro the
humblest in worldly rank. Witness the
crusades , which were a mighty popular
movement for the rescue ot the saercd
places. Every peasant felt the enthusi
asm that spread like a contagion from
land to land. At present wo hear the
question raised on every hand : How
shall Christianity bo carried to the
masses ? How shall the Christian
faith bo brought to bear upon and bo
kept alive in the large multitude who are
devoted to manual toil , the artisans of
the cities , the farming population of the
country , the bono and sinew of the land ,
and how shall it be made to act as an
antidote to the restless passions which at
times threaten the stability of govern
ments nnd menace society with convul
sion ? This question implies that a largo
portion of the working class in civilized
professedly Christian nations , both
Roman Catholic and Protestant , are
alienated from the Christian faith , robol.s
iigainst its authority , careless alike of its
restraints and its hopc . Why this dif
ference between' the later and the earlier
ages of the church ? How is it that a re-
liuion that found its heartiest welcome
in the ela s by whom the comforts , not
to say luxuries of existence were pos
sessed in a s'drtntmonsurc.is nowspurned
by the corresponding portion of modern
society ? ' f
With reference to this problem jl have
but ono or ttvo suggestions to offer. The
lirst is that in the ancient Roman empire
when Christianity was struggling for life
nnd for conquest , the lower classes had
no prospect'of relief and solace from any
other source. Especially had they no
hope of nltoririglthoir condition by attack
ing the authority of the stato. Revolu
tionary violence against the imperial
power that dominated the world , was an
impracticable thing , nnd revolt would
have been an net of madness. In the
middle ages Roman imperialism had in
deed passed away , Unit the elements of
democracy that entered into the organi
zation of the church and affected its
priesthood were adapted to enlist the
sympathy of the common people. Over
against the monarch and rtho feudal lord
stood the hierarchical order , which the
humblest might aspire to enter , and
which not infrequently interposed a
shield for the protection of the common
man against the tyrrauy and exactions
ot his Jay-superiors ,
lint in the present age the church has
more frequently boon on the side of secu
lar authority Christianity has elton boon
made a prop of despotism. In the great
monarchical reaction in Europe after the
wars of Napoleon "the throne and the
altar" were the watchwords of
the assailants of liberty. In this
double interest the "Holy Alii-
anco" trampled on freedom in Spain and
Italy. Meanwhile , at the same time that
the people have been conscious of losing
the sympathy of their ecclesiastical rulers
and teachers , the spirit of democracy has
bcon growing , and has boon infusing a
consciousness of power Into the minds of
the less favored class. The effect of the
French revolution was not prevented by
the temporary reaction of the hostile
political theory. To gam their end "by
the ballot or by armed revolution is
deemed practicable by the disnfloctcd
who have abandoned the Christian faith.
They seek for u remedy and a consola
tion on earth , and not through a spiritual
deliverance that must wait tor its fruit
until they have passed beyond the con
fines of this life.
The second suggestion I would make is
that when our Lord established the
church on earth it was to bo the spiritual
homo for all for rich and poor , learned
and ignorant , high and low , alike. The
gospul was to bo preached to all. Out in
modern times thorn has boon n tendency ,
especially so in Protestant countries , to
make religious worship and teaching the
nrivilogo , wo may almost say the
luxury , of the few , while nothing is
loft to the lower orders but thn crumbs
that fall ffom the rich man's table ,
llenco the masses have become alienated
from the church. Go to our larger cities
and how many churches are free ? The
largo fashionable churches what are
they but religious clubhouses , whore the
pews are parcelled out , rented or sold
to the highest bidder , nnd where the
wealth and 'fashion assemble , because
they are regarded as the uropor places
for the display of social differences ?
The lecturer , Rev. Joseph Cook , in a
lecture alluding to this subject said as
follows * . "I'Bupposo that the angel in
Itanyan'a vision , who saw the miser
using a muck rake did not look forward
to America. Hv might have seen thntn
muck rake on the front stops of a church
used to rake tn funds , is a very excellent
piece of furniture. For what ? for a
church ? Why not ! But for a Sunday
club It is a Very indispensable piece of
furniture. ThU'oxtravaennza of ours in
Sunday club palaces , this fooling of ours
that social prestige is more to bo re
garded iu certain churches that right
standing before Almighty God , this
using our Sunday clubs as social preserv
ers to keep families In good position-
all these are circumstances pointing to
peril in time to como , and already big
with disaster. "
At the triennial meeting of the "Free
and Open Church association , " held in
Chicago during the meeting of the gen
eral convention , Mr. James Parker , of
Now Jersey , laid : "That of all the devi
ces put out by the devil , that of the sys
tem of pew rents was the worst. Ho
had always opposed it , and refused to
pay rental on principle. "
It is making merchandise of the
house of God , It is contrary to
the spirit ot the gospel , and hin
ders tlio growth of the church. When
one crosses the threshold of God's house
all earthly and class-distinctions fade and
disappear , and God's creatures are equal.
If the masses are to be brought into our
churches they must bo made irco to all.
The church must bo the homo for allrich ,
and poor , high and low alike.
There nro , it is trua , mission churches
and schools In the larger cities , and all
praise is duo to thosu who establish nnd
conduct these enterprises of charity but
then they are enterprises of charity , nnd
democracy engenders a pride that makes
the independent poor unwilling to bo fed
in the kitchen. The sturdy artisan , the
independent laborer , who is practically
excluded from the fashionable church by
the high pew rent , Is unwilling to enter
the charity church , and thus ho goes to
neither. Hut perhaps we will be mot with
the question , that it pew rents were nbol-
ished , how could the largo citv'churchos
bo supported ? Time will not permit mete
to enter upon this question hero. I will
simply say that in order to answer it I
would again have to ask you to go back
to the primitive church nnd see how it
was supported m those days ; how chrls-
tians honored God with tithes as well as
lip service , and every ono , according .to
the apostolic injunction , on the first day
of the week laid on the offertory his of.
formg as "the Lord had prospered him. "
This subject , of course , has its practi
cal difficulties , but I am moro and more
convinced that the first stop toward its
solution is to make all our churches free
to bring the rich and the poor to walk
in the house of God ns friends there to
worship the same Heavenly Father in
spirit and In truth.
SINGULARITIES.
An Ohio tame crow has lived to pass his
thirty-second birthday.
At Had Ax , Mich. , the other day n hawk
sailed over the baseball field. He was struck
by a ball and Instantly killed.
Mrs. P. II. Uichmyrc. of Gllboa , N. T. ,
oceii 8J , has just completed a pair of trousers -
, ers for her husband of bO to play base ball
'n.
'n.A
A calf In Cassvlllo , WIs. , was picked up
from a track by a train and carried on the
cowcatcher to a point opposite Its stable
where it jumped oil unharmed.
A Ucavor Falls boy was pulled into the
river by a tish that took his bait. The bnv
held on to the Dole until he was In dangrr of
drovvnlne , when he let go and swain to the
shore.
An elvht-pnnnd salmon was recently cap
tured In the river at Wllllamsport , Pa. , by a
man named Conner , by striking It a well
directed blow with a stick that stunned It. It
had been napping.
A party of twelve from Pocatello , Idaho ,
recently went fishing at Pebble and took
over four hundred trout In four hours. They
think that any coed tisheiman should iill a
twelve-pound basket in two hours.
A Tennessee mountaineer recently , found ,
under n ledico ot rocks the sword of a con-
ledcrato otllcer. It proved to have boloncod
to a captain who was killed In a skirmish ,
nnrt ono of his eomm.uid hid It that It mlKht
not fall into the hands ot the union forces.
Major Black , ot Stimtor , ( in. , owned a
culnea hen that wanted to set. Her nest was
orokon up saveral times , and at length , with
every nppearnnco of extreme dejection , she
walked to the well , flow np on the curbing
ana with a rasping cry plunged head lirst
Into the water. When sue was taken out she
was doad.
The casualties ot the jnblleo procession
foot up about COO. Three hundred wcro cases
ot falntlni ; , over twenty ol sunstroke. Tlinro
were hovcr.d broken leas , arms and collar
bones , and dislocations. Some people suf
fered concussion of the br.iiu , some had tholr
chests crushed , and others wuro kicked by
horses.
A young ladr and gentleman from ttm
Sixth ward In Klmira , M , V. , were rowing on
the river on Saturday evening , when a black
bass weighing about u pound leaped trom the
water , striking the \ouug lady's wrist and
bndly filehtcniug her , and allchtcd In the
bottom of the boat. Where It was made a
prisoner. Sunday morning Itas served as
the young lady's breakfast.
Mrs. James IIons s , of North Waldoboro ,
Me. , is the owner of a cat which had a severe
light with a fox one day last week. Mrs.
lloflbcs was standing in her dwelling house
door and saw a fox make his appoarancc
from the woods nnd come withlnir two rods
of the house. At the i same time the cat
jumped from the threshold of the door and
the two had a combat. The fox was determ
Ined to master his proy.but the cat being a
large ono nnd very knowing the fox got his
in itch. The cat overpowered the tex and
followed him for some rods , but the fox not
being satisfied right about face and made for
his prey. Hut the cat bolntt more llerco than
ever made the second attack and this time
the animal was glad to disappear In the
woods ,
A comical Incident was observed at Con-
cress Spring park a night or two ago. There
was a very largo attendance , and the concert
was particularly line. For a wonder a couple
of vigorous ( loirs had eluded the watchful
ness of the irate keepers and weie enjoying
the freedom of the paiado ground. They
were not long in finding each other out , and
were on the best of torms. It may have been
that ( lartlund's music "soothed their savage
breasts" into unwonted quiet. As soon as
It ceased , however , and a vigorous clapping
of hands began by way of applause , the two
animals flow at each other with great fury
and had as earnest a fuht as if they had been
enemies from puppyhood. The dogs had
inlsUUen tlio applause as a "sick 'em" from
respective champions , nnd they fought it out
ou that basis.
A reporter of the Providence ( U. I. ) Jour
nal , browsiut ; about between midnight anil
1 o'clock ono morning recently , saw a man
standing near one of the electric light posts ,
ou Washington street , waving a lonz horse
whip back and forth high above his head.
lie had a fish hook on thn end of the whip ,
to which was attached n moth miller , and ho
explained that with this bait ho captured tlio
bats that were foraging among the Insects
around the electric light. Ho said ho not a
half dollar apleco for thorn , and that ho had
already caught seven that night. He sold
them to the taxidermists , and said that ho
could get moro < for them In Boston. Ho
spoke ot hiring n man to help him , as ho
could cat oh enough then to pay him for ship
ping them to Boston. He caught two while
the reporter remained to watch the operation ,
and he picked them otf the hook and put
them In a hag that ho carried slung across
his shoulder.
Ono of the must remarkable feature In hu
man natura Is observed In the Young family ,
ot the Salrm neighborhood In Uglethorpo ,
Georgia. Mr. William Voting , who lives
near Salem , a carpenter by trade , was born
with the middle and ring finger of his right
band together. The joints are perfect , and
he finds no inconvenience from the other
hand. The remarkable part Is that his little
baby was born with tiio same two nngers
crown together. Mr. Young has nine
brothers , who have natural fingers. Ills
father , nor his father's brothers had no such
freak of nature , yet their only sister has the
Identical lingers on the same band grown
together. His grandfather bad three nngers
on each hand , and three toes of each foot
frown together , and as far back as he can
traeo the same freak is apparent , but U never
developed on but ono Is each family.
He Made a Neat Hit.
Buffalo Courier : "Is there any one liv
ing hero under twenty-one years of age ? "
inquired n man who rang the door boll tea
a Lalco street residence the other day.
"No , there is not , " rather sharply re
plied a spinster of eight-ami thirty sum :
summers who answered the ring.
"Why ! IB it possible ? " was the reply
of the apparently astonished man , "don't
you livohoro ? "
It was a neat hit , and after a little aim-
poring and n brief chat about the weather
the maiden purchased two copies of a
work-entitled "Hints for the Young. "
FUNNY THINGS BI JOVIAL HEN
A Woman Who Enow Her Husband's '
Habits.
A DECIDEDLY MISPLACED JOKE.
The Whirligig of Tlmo-A Neat Illt-An
Exploded Theory It Was Sena *
tor Brown Hunting the
Corner Smiles ,
The Farmer.
0 City Deriirt.
Onofi on a time ho usud to plough
And rlso at dawn to milk the cough
And drive with merry SOUR and laugh
To pasture Dtlndlo an0 * her c.xngh.
Then for the pics lio'd fill the trough
And for the market ho would bo ougli t
Sometimes his mare would bruise her hough
Acalnst n fence post or A rough.
And there he'd switch her with a bough
To tench her better nnyhough ;
lie planted wheat to make me dough ,
Which , In a drought , WAS hard tofcrough.
In winter , when his work wn.s through ,
A little sporting he would dough :
He'd wander with his gun and shoiich
And aim at crows ho couldn't knough.
Sometimes he'd hunt along the clough
For birds that do not live there nough
And shoot a seagull or a clough.
Which lie with joy would proudly slough.
From swampland , watered by n lough ,
He'd make good pasture for his stotish
liy laying hero nnd them a slough
While perspiration was his ( trough.
Sometimes a snako'ttmt shed Its slough
Would scare him so he'd run and pough
Till stuck knee-deep within a slough ,
He'd yell until he raised a rough.
Hut now work makes the farmer cptigli
And. careless houirh much people scough ,
He lives on boarders rough anil tough
That vou n thelgh dough not oat enough.
fihoKnow llln llnblts.
Dakota Boll : "Soon anything of my
hssband ? " demanded u Sioux Falls
woman ono day this week of an ollicor in
front of the post ollice.
"No , ma'am ; has he disappeared mys
teriously ? "
"Naw ! He came down town the same as
usual this morning- diunor has been
rendj nn hour and it's all getting cold
and ho isn't back yet. "
"You have boon to his ofllco I sup
pose ? "
"Mo , sir , I haven't. I've no time to
fool awny looking for him there. Siiy , is
there a sick horse nt any of the livery
stables ? "
"Not that I know of. "
"Heon any dog lights around lately ? "
"Haven't hoard of any. "
"Any ten-cent show or target gun in
town ? "
"All gone , madam. "
"Any man in u wagon selling brass
jewelry ? "
"Guess not. "
"No lire anywhere In town1
"No. "
"No pools being sold anywhere on
some horse race , or trial going on in a
justice court ? "
"Not any. "
"No man selling medicine on the street ,
no circus bills just pasted up anywhere ,
no woman walking n tight rope ? "
"Not a one. "
"Well that's uoculiar I can't aeo
where John can be. "
"There's a couple of Frenchmen with
a tame cinnamon bear down on Phillips
avenue , madam. "
"That's it , that's it-I didn't think to
ask about tame boars ! While the pota
toes arc getting cold as a stone ho is
down there making up a purse of seven
ty-live cents to see the bear climb a tele-
grnph pole ! I'll go right down you
watch and see if he isn't up to the house
inside of ten minntuM"
The WhlillRlf ; of Time.
W'littitngton Cilttc.
The whlrllgli of time doth bring
Surprising changes. It Is true ;
Ono d.iy a man is lull of joy ;
The next he's mlghtv blue.
The ice man now In carriage rides ;
Ills Htvle all othei efforts mock.
The haughty coal man now employs
A horse car or he walks.
What llustcd the Corner.
Last Sunday a favorite local minister
was delivering an impassioned account
of the destruction of Gomorrah. Ho
thundered away until ho disturbed the
tired boomers in the front pews. "What , "
ho shouted , "what could bo worse than
that city's lot ! "
"If it's a city lot. " replied a just-
awakened man , "I'll give you $75 a
foot. "
"Eighty ! " shouted another speculator
in the gallery , aroused by the familiar
sounds.
"Ninety ! " roared another , jumping up.
"Ono hundred ! "
And the whole congregation chipped
in and would have boomed Gomorrah
clear out of sight had not the sexton
with great presence of mind called the
worshippers to their senses by passing
round the plate. That busted the
corner.
Wreck of a Thunderbolt.
Chicago Tribune.
For full six weeks the hen had sat
On two corncobs and a Hinall brickbat ,
And she looked at the storm , that horco old
fowl ,
With a tragic cluck and a wrathful scowl.
The clouds grow black and a lightning
shaft
Struck that old hen directly aft.
High , high above the thunder then
Arose the squawk ot the maddened hen.
For with savage peck she had met the shock ,
Tlds crusty , touzh old 1'lymouih Kock ,
And bounding back with awful jolt
\Vent the ghastly wreck of a thunderbolt.
An Rxptndcd Theory.
Lifo : Fond Father "Talk of college
not fitting a young man for earning : i
living ! Just us soon as Johnny grad
uated ho obtained a splendid position. "
Friend "What was it ? "
Fond Futhor ' 'Firht base. "
Busy Humble floe.
CluiTtettun Hntci ) > rf > e.
The little busy bumble lice
Is btu/lngon tlio wing ,
With polished point but cnrcfuly
Upon his steely sting.
The small boy loafing on the lea
With hat In hand wilt try
To bother the busy bumhlo bee ,
And Hick him on the fly.
The b. b. b. will simply smile
Ho won't a second waste
Hut th.it hoy'11 be heard about a mile
As ho humps for homo in Imite.
Conscience Mnko Cowards of Us All.
San Francisco Wasp : The great mesl
rucrUt and mind reader had hired a lull-
on Post street and people llocked to his
exhibition. Among others , Frank teen
his little innocent Hazel to the entertain
ment. She appeared uncomfortable for
awhile , and at length came out with :
"Oh , Frank , dearest , can ho really read
people's thoughts ? "
"Well , I guess so ; nt any rate he's going
to try. "
"Then , dear , let us get out of hero right
now ; for if ho rends inino I "hall be
turned out anyway. "
The Rlujrclcr.
How Is the time , in particular ,
When the festive younit rider hlcjcuhr ,
Strikes the btone rockuUr ,
In a way very jocular ,
And. losing his pose perpendicular ,
Alights on ills northeast auricular.
' The Urntm-ICred Monitor.
Texas Sittings : Old Naco , who keeps
a corned beef and cold cabbage hashery
on the upper end of Austin is famous
for his HtinginesK. Hois also noted for
his young mulatto wife , who IB suspected
of having married the old man for his
money. Not long since Uncle Moso met
old Naco and perceived at once that there
was something the matter with the dis
tinguished caterer.
"What's do matter , Naco ? Got do rha-
mntlcs agin ? "
" \ \ ussor don dnt. "
"I sposo hits do toofr.cho what's hoisted
yor mouf outer shape. "
"lilts my wifo's mouf what's boddoria'
mo. She has bcon a-kissln' Parson
Wlmngdoodlo Baxter , who am boardla'
wld mo. "
"Unposslbull"
1 Dar's no unposslbul about hit , be-
case I seed him myself. "
"What yorgwiuo tor do about lilt ? '
"What kin 1 do ? Kf I lot do oat out da
bag dnt I has lost confcrdonco In Parson
Wlmngdoodlo , Itaxtor ho might Chang *
his boardiu' ' houso. "
l < 'onnd Together.
In summer's hot meridian hour
.lust like "birds of n feathei"
The picnic ami the thunder shower
Are always found together.
Ills rrnUmvurthy Object.
Detroit Free Press : A barn-stormln-
actor who is passing his summer In De
troit , wn * approached by a frlond tha
other UKA with :
"I hear you have n now snap ? "
"Yes ; I'm going to the country towBH
with a now play. " "
"doing to organize a company ? "
"Oh , yes. "
"What nro the prospects ? "
"Well , rather dubious. It's a pool
play , the weather is hot , and my people
are abominable. "
"Then you are sure to fall ? "
"I expect to. "
"Cut why do you go ? What can be
your object ? "
"Tho object is , my dear follow , to nto
up 1400 which nn amateur playwright U
willing to let go of just now. "
She Dill Not Ilcbnko Her.
Sixld a maid , " 1 will marry for lunre. "
And her scandalized ma almost shucro ;
Uut when the rhanco came ,
And she told the good dame ,
1 notice she did not rebucro.
A Mlnplnoed < loko.
Detroh Free Press : "I want the big
gest and best watermelon in that lot , " ho
said , as lie surveyed a jjroat pile of water
melons in front of a Woodward avenue
grocery.
" 1'os , sir hero it is best melon I'vo
soon this yoaK"
"Plug it , " was the brusque command.
"Yes , sir splendid red coro. Shall I
put It on ice ? "
The purchaser drew from his pocket ft
flask of port wine and proceeded to pour
the contents Into the orilloo. The melon
readily absorbed the liquid , and when the
plug was roplaoed the man chuckled :
"lie ! ho ! ho ! I want that melon Eont to
, the tcmporanco fanatic ! Say noth
ing , and it will bo u big joke on him. "
A couple of days Inter the man came
around to the store again and asked :
"Well , the melon was sent up ? "
"Oh , yes. "
"And the boy didn't give my little plot
awny ? "
"Oh , no , but wo heard from It. "
"You did ! Ho ! ho ! ho ! What did he
say ? "
"Ho and his family were off up tin
lake , but the hired girl and coachman
said it was the finest melon they over put
tooth into I"
The I'ioknlckcr.
Every picnicker hates.
With a hatred Intense ,
The man who put up
That bnrbed who lence. |
It Was Senator Brown.
Secretary Mosoly , of the interstate
commission was trying to keep cool ono
sultry afternoon last week when n mouk
looking old gentleman , with long white
beard and general ministerial air , on *
torcd and inquired for the clerk of tha
commission.
"I am the secretary , " said Mr. Mosloy ,
"what can 1 do for you ? "
The old gentleman said ho would like
to get a copy of the long and short haul
decision. This was handed him , the see-
rotary wondering what this country
preacher wanted with it.
"You look warm , " said Mr. Mosoly ,
"won't you take aaeat near the window
and cool oil'V"
"Thanks , " was the reply. " 1 don't care
ifldo. "
After a few moments sllonco the old
gentlemen ventured to ask : "What
part of the country are you from ? "
"I am a Yankee como from Massachu
setts. "
Then his Yankee curiosity assorted
itself and ho said , "Whcro do you live ? "
"In Georgia , " was the reply.
"Aro you interested iu railroads ? "
"Yes ; I am president of ono of them ,
Mv name is Urown. "
' 'Are you any relative of old Senator
Joe Urown ? I have always had adeslro
to se.o him. "
"Yes ; 1 am slightly related to him , "
was the reply , "and I think I might say
that I am the gentleman himself. "
Mr. Moscly now sayn that ho wishes
public men would wear badges to desig
nate their ollico.
EDUCATIONAL. .
In realltv. the appliances of education
count for little in comparison with the rart
of material upon which they are to bo utll-
The Carthego Republican says the ftchool *
nianns of that part of the country are well-
dressed and good-looulng , and are not yet
prepared to trade a good position and 80
per month for a 52 dude.
The cost of teachers' board In some of the
Maine towns , as lepoitcil to the superinten
dent of schools , presents some Interesting
figures. In Dlnghani pedagogues are hoarded
for 31 per week , and ( n Concord for 93 cents.
In sharp contrast to the retrogression of
educational ideas down in Georgia comes ,
the action of the Dartmouth medical school ,
whore a colored student , J. P. Iloynes , ot
Unlvo'tou , Tex. , has just bcon appointed
demonstrator of anatomy.
Those who nrn Insisting un keeping the
school open all through the hot month of
September Miould lemember that most of thoj
successful men of the present generation tcol
their education In schools which ononod m
October 01 later and closed In April or earlier.
With nil the wise thlnzB said and written
on the subject of education , It would seem
ns 1C tlio children of the present generation
might ho educated to a piano of perfection.
Hut In tlm mania to make a perfect system
of our public schools the spirit of education
Is In danicorof bulng lost.
In on ( i way and another there are hun
dreds of boys to day. manly , independent ,
Hclf-rellantand determined , who urn forcing
from untoward circumstance the ednc&ttofl"
whirl ) they desire , not from IU inr.noy value
m thn work ot after 11 To , bv nncauso educa
tion In and of lUulCis to them thu supreaiwt
good.
Miss Charlotte Menlllof Brooklyn , whosa
voiy witty paper received such universal no-
tlcn nt the Mt. llolyoko Rome-centennial , has
been Hpokcn of as a possible successor ot
Miss I1 reman as president \Vellnsley col
lege. She Is n lady ot the most commanding
presence , rare conversational abilities , vrou-
derfnl executive ability and a very brilliant
writer.
It Is said by some writer on the subject
that education is nine narls Inspiration nnd
one part drill. Kev. T. T. Manger navs , In
his article on "KdiictUluu nnd Social
Prozrnsi , " published tn the Juno Century ,
"With nil the Improvements tlieiu Is a ten
dency to sDoclnlUatlon that looks away from
the Ideal of education , so that wo are getting
admirably informed mun Instead ot cuinpre-
lionslvo thlnUnis. "
The fact that the higher education lubelni
Hought moro nnd moro /ualuusly and succws-
fnlly every jear. by young men absolutely
without means is mnio plainly apparent to
people at the eat than It U In the west , for ,
the majority of the best Known Institution !
lying there , that becomes the Hold ot action
tor those who have none to depend upon but
themselves. And It Is Hiinply astonlshlnjr.M
well as most encouraging to tUo Americanto
see how every summer brlugs out IU host ot
students eager so to employ their vncatlou ute
to permit a return , a few months Inter , to th
class room nnd tho- lecture hftll. The youtif
fellow for whom the college year closed upon
mi empty purse , atftrts tor the country U
Unit both hoAltunnu peaunlary reljiforo *
meat.
