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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (July 21, 1887)
THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : . 'THURSDAY. JULY 21 ; 1887. UNJUST FREIGHT RATES , They Are Higher In Nebraska Than In Minnesota or Iowa- HOW THE FARMERS ARE ROBBED . ( Clio Stnto flnllroad Commission Sub- mlin a Table to the I ! . & M. Man agement , Uxpoqlug tlia Outrage and Protesting Against It. fFnOM TiriS IJKK'8 I.IXCOr.X ntIBKAU.1 The most interesting statistics yet pre pared by the railroad commission and that toll n title of exorbitant freight rates in Nebraska have just been com piled and a copy transmitted to the man agement of the B. & M. railroad. These figures are a comparative table of local freight rates , in which Nebraska rates are compared with these of Iowa and Minne sota. sota.Tho The prepared table gives the distance tariff on the various classes of freight in Iowa , Minnesota and Nebraska , the clas sification being practically the same m each state , except that many articles , utich as drain tile and others , are in the "E" class in Nebraska , whoroai in Iowa nnd Minnesota upon those articles there is a special commodity tariff of freight , which is generally one-half the rate charged on "D" class. In this prepared table it is shown that ou first-class freight the rate charged in Nebraska is uniformly higher than in Iowa , and as the distance in creases , higher than Minnesota on this class , and in most cases the rate charged ' on fourth-class freight in lowft and Min nesota is 60 per cent of the rate charged on first-class freight , while in Nebraska the freight rate on fourth-class is about 80 per cent of the rate charged on lirst- class. class.Why Nebraska people should have ex torted from them 80 per cent difference over the the two classes moro than the road dare charge in Iowa or Minnesota is a question worth consideration. The commission iu their statement to the company say : "When it is consld- Bidercd that a largo portion of the com modities consumed by the farmers and others in this state are shipped as fourth- class freight , the wrong and injustice done the people of the state will be apparent when compared with .Iowa aud Minnesota , and a patient study and consideration on the part of the rate making authorities of your road is re spectfully requested , and your aid solic ited nnd requested to reduce your rates in Nebraska to correspond in some do- eico with the rates in Iowa and Minne sota. " The table ot comparison distance tar iffs in the three states js complete and the comparison is made"on mileage , the table showing the rates charged in the three states on all the different classes of freights in distances of from five to 800 miles. It will bo sufficient to note only n few of these comparisons from tlio table to show the public the extortion prac ticed by the B. & M. m Nebraska in local rates. nnsT-cr.Ass ruKioiiT. Stnto. Miles. Bate. Iowa 5 .13 Minnesota 5 .13 Ncbt aska u .14 Iowa 100 .41 Minnesota 100 .43 Nebraska 100 .44 Iowa , 800 .51 Minnesota 800 .03 Nebraska 800 .00 Jowa > .61 .Minnesota 300 .80 Nebraska 800 .70 . On fourth class freight , the class in which over one-half of all articles con sumed are shippedtho discrepancy looms up majestically and shows that the No- k braska special high taritf is placed where it will produce the most for the company. FOUUTU-CUVSS KllKIOIIT , Sttvie. Miles Rate. Iowa 5 .OS . Minnesota > ,0"i Nebraska 5 .07 Jowa TO .14 Minnesota 50 .10 Nebraska 50 .83 Iowa 75 .17 Ml u nesota , . " " ' .IU Nebraska 75 .81) ) Iowa 100 .19 Minnesota 100 .31 Nebraska 100 . 4 Tn va 150 .21 Minnesota 150 .20 Nebraska 150 .45 Iowa 800 .20 Minnesota 800 . .31WJ Nebraska 800 , WJ Iowa 8.V ) .88 Minnesota 8.V ) .ao Nebraska 850 .67 Jowa KOO .80 Minnesota 300 .40 Nebraska 300 .03 Farm machinery in car load lots comes under class "A , " and as the rate on these goods is of direct beating on the prices Tvftorward charged for them by retailers , the following comparison is given : 4 "A" . CLASS VHKKIIIT. Stnto. Miles. Rate. lowix 50 Mlnnesotu 50 Nebraska 50 .14 Iowa 100 Minnesota 100 .17 Nebraska 100 .81 Iowa 300 .80 Minnesota 800 . .25.ttJ Nebraska 200 .ttJ Iowa 300 .83 . Minnesota 300 yt Nebraska 300 .43 These excerpts from the compiled table are sutllclent to show what Ne braska people stiller in local ralss com pared with people who live in Iowa or Minnesota. They are tiguros taken from rate sheets ami urn unassailable. The commission in forwarding the o facts make the following statement to the company : "Wo acknowledge the receipt of your tariff of July 1 and submit for your confederation i- federation the comparative statement of rates charged in Iowa , Minnesota and Nebraska. We have taken your tariff Ifn rate from Lincoln west over your main line for 800 miles , where your rates are lower than on your branch hues. The fact to which your attention Is specially called is that your fourth-class rates , which Include about 00 per cent of all [ i freight shipped , and most articles consumed or used by the farmers ) , nro on an average 80 per cant lilgor than the rate in Iowa and Minnesota seta , and your attention is called to the fact that the rate charged on fourth class freight is about SO per cent of the first class rate , whereas in Iowa and Minnesota seta thu fourth class rate is 50 per cent ajf the first class rate. This in a ( cos a very 'I exorbitant rate for Nebraska on agricul tural implements in car load lots , and farmers' freights when compared with rates in the other two states. Your rate of froiuht on lirstclass would seem to bo about the same as the rate in Minnesota and about 80 per cent highet tlmu iu Iowa in most cases. But when it is consider ! , that only a small percent of the goods used or consumed iu Nebraska braska are shipped in this classvtnereliel ntfonled the people Is simply a delusion when taken in commotion with the faci that on the great bulk of your freight your rate U 80 pur cent higher than in Iowa or Minnesota. In she case of coal shipped into this stato' in class " 1 > , " wo wish tocrllyoui attention to thu fact that iu Iowa , Jum eas and Minnesota , coal is put Iu a spo > cinl class 'or given a special rate mucli ; less than In Nebraska. When Nebraska nys on rtoal for seventy miles , . 10 cent rtor hundred. Iowa nnd .Nlinnosota pay 5j tents for thn sumo distance. the rate ou bogs , ; atlo nut grain is much higher than in the other states named. Soon the grain crop of the present year Is to bo moved. Prices are ranging very low , and your freight rntcs , when compared with these of other states , are very high. So high , In fact , as to leave very little for the pro ducer. Your rates are not higher , and In some instances not so high , as the rates fixed by other roads operating in the state , but lo these roads n compara tive statement will bo submitted iu dun time. " "Starting with first-class freight as fixed in your present tarilf , wo venture to suggest and request that you apply the rate which wo think will bo found general in the western states. First class , standard basis ; second class , 85 per cent ; third class , GO ] per cent ; fourth class , CO per cent ; fifth class , 40 per cent ; class "A , " 40 per cent ; class "B , " 85 nor cent ; class "C , " 80 per cent ; class "D 25 per cent ; class "E , " 20 per cent. Wo venture this suggestion and request because wo find this to bo the rate implied in most western states , and because wo bollovo the rate fixed in your tariff on first class rates to be high enough nnd that on all other classes your rates are too high , and because it is desirable to have a fixed and uniform ruloin fixing and adjusting rates within the state , and for the reason that this basis of adjust ment will greatly reduce local rates within the stato. There nro many other reasons and factors not herein considered why this should bo done. The people of tliis state have suffered long aim patiently under the delusive hope and promise of relief. It has not yet como. Patience may ccaso to be a virtue , and the people may demand the needed relief by imme diate legislative action. Wo sincerely hope you will patiently consider our re quest and" grant to the people some measure of relief iu their poverty und distress. " O. P. MASOX , Secretary Board of Transportation. FUNKKAL OK DK. \NIMI.L. . On the 0:30 : B. & M. train Friday morn ing the remains of Dr. Max Randall will arrive in Omaha for interment. Mrs. Randall nnd daughter will accompany them. The body will bo laid at rest in Prospect Hill cemetery , at which place a brief ceremony will bo hold. The son of Dr. Randall burned in the wreck at the saiuo time is thought by the physicians now to be out of danger , although ho will bo crippled. vitizn FOR JEUSEYS. Secretary Furnas , of the state board of agriculture , has received notice from the American Jersey Cattle club of Now York City authorizing him to say to the Jersey breeders in Nebraska that the sum of $100 will bo given to the exhibitor of the best herd of registered Jersey cat tle owned m the state , said herd to con sist of ono bull and'four females. Their merit 1s to be decided by a committee to bo appointed by the Agricultural asso ciation. The prize is to bo known as the "Jersey Cattle Club prize , " and will bo in addition to the prizes offered by the society. BRIEF ITEMS. The Salvation army in their parade with drums aud other ancient musical in struments yesterday evening frightened a horse attached to a carriage containing two Indies and a bad runaway resulted , the ladles fortunately escaping any seri ous injury. Miss Nettie Pntchard , of Omaha , was ouo of the young ladies in the carriage. The Lancaster County Teachers' asso ciation is in session at the Academy of Music building in the rooms occupied by the Lincoln business college. Thcro are something over 100 teachers in attend ance and the exorcises are conducted by Superintendent McClusky , assisted by Prof. Rakestraw , of Nebraska City , und Prof. Reese of tlio Lincoln business col- The loss by the fire at the B. & M. storehouse Is found to bo much less than first reported and will only temporarily inconvenience work hero , for as soon as the now brick freight depot is completed the present freight depot will be used as a storehouse and will have double the ca pacity of thu ono burned. Dyspepsia Makes the lives of many people misera ble , and often leads to self-destruction. We know of no remedy for dyspepsia moro successful than llood'rf Sarsaparilla. It acts gently , yet surely and efficiently , tones the stomach nnd other organs , re moves the faint feeling , creates n good appetite , cures headache and refreshes the burdened mind. Give Hood's Sar * saparilla n fair trial. It will do you good. _ SIMON CAMERON'S ' SEA TRIP. An Outline Uy the Venerable Penn- Bylvnnlnn orTrnnsatlnntlc Voyage. * General Simon Cameron , who sailed by the Britannic for Europe last week , said to a Now York World reporter : "I am going only for recreation. I do not expect to do more than the humblest citizen could do. I have never been through Ireland. I have never visited the homo of my ancestors nt Inverness. When 1 was made minister to Russia I simply landed at Liverpool and went through to the capital to which I was ac credited as rapidly as possibly , I saw very little of Europe. Now 1 nm going to enjoy its hospitality. I liopo to visit Gladstone. I intend to study the Irish question in all its details , and pay a visit to Mr. Parncll and the other leaders ot the Irish thought and action. This is simply a . pastiran for mo. I cannot expect to live much longer and the visit is simply to acquaint myself with all the strong features of foreign political Ufa. No , I will not go to Russia. I should like to very much. 1 was minis ter there in the earliest days of the re bellion , and have many friends in St , Petersburg , but I hope to bo homo by the 1st of Septcmbnr. The journey is too long to go to the Russian capital. ' You must excuse mo from speaking on active politics. I have quit the consideration of ways and means by which men wore made and unmade years ago. I leave that to my eon Don. 1 am simply spend ing my time in a desire to make life as easy as possible and as bright as can bo for my follow-mon. I know nothing of the candidacy of men for the presidency. Mr. Blaine seems to havu the call on nil 1 tbo enthusiasm of the country , but whetner he will get the nomination , or whether ho desires it 1 do not know. I nm going to Europe for pleasure and for knowledge , and for nothing else. Webster county is putting the finishing polish on the burs of its now jail. ORPRICE'S SPECIAL - EXTRACT * - - MOST PERFECT MADE Vied bf th United Stilus Oorerameat. IndorseJ l > r tb * bMdi of tha Gratt UnlTenlUM and I'ubllt Peed AE lfiU aTli 8tronK tl > or H , nd mo lllo llhfnl. 1)1. Frlc ' ( tht onlj BlUng oifd r th t doe * Dot conUIn Ammonlt , Lime of dp0' , ? ? r : * 'r'.ce' * . .f ! . ' " " ! y.f.l.1 ! tl ! ? .0J , i9 ; ' TflE PIONEER EXPEDITION Hardships Endured by the First Troops in the Little Big Horn. ROUTING OUT SITTING BULL. How Colonel Nelson Cole With intent or Bllssonrlana Cleared Out the Old Savage From Ills Stronghold. St. Louis GloTnPDomocrat : It is gen erally supposed that the first military ex pedition to penetrate the region lying along the Yellowstone and between the Little Big Horn and the Powder rivers was that commanded by General A. n. Terry , in the spring of 1870 , and during , which Custcr and his seven troops wcro exterminated to a man , A search of the records of the war department will , how ever , develop the fact that this wild dis trict was first penetrated by Missouri troops , under n Missouri commander , who successfully encountered the same fee , under the same loader , who eleven years later repulsed General Crook , at the head of 1,500 men , and nearly anni hilated the famous 7th cavalry. To Col onel Nelson Cole , of St. Louis , belongs the honor of leading the way into this re mote district , and victoriously encoun tering the fiercest plain tribes in their chosen stronghold. During the luht week of May , 18G.1. Colonel Cole , who. for nearly a year , had hold the ollico of chief of artillery of the department of Missouri , was ordered to report at Omaha with eight batteries of his regiment , the Second Missouri light artillery , nnd eight troops of the Twelfth Missouri cavalryfor the purpose of form ing the eastern division of the Powder ' river Indian expedition. This oxpcdition was under the command of General P. Edward Connor , an olllccr of matchless fame as an Indian fighter , whose name was a terror throughout the longhth and breadth of the plains , and whoso ener getic operations had driveu the Indians to their mountain fastnesses , where ho intended to seek thorn out and deliver a crushing blow. Connor , In person , with a large force , was to advance from the southwest , while Colonel Colo's com mand , starting from Omahawas to assail the Indians from the southeast. This plan involved a march for the latter officer of many hundred miles through an utterly unknown country , of a very rugged and mountainous nature , sparsely provided with grass and water , and destitute of game or other moans of subsistence. These difficulties were fully recognized by General Connor , and ft was an his personal application that Col onel Cole was detailed to conduct this campaign , as the energy and fertility of resource repeatedly exhibited by that olllccr during the most trying times of the war gave ample assurance that ho , if any ono , would conduct the expedition to a successful termination. FITTING OUT THE EXPEDITION. On arriving at Omaha , Colonel Colo's first care was to equip his artillery ns cavalry , taking wiln him but ono section of a u-incli battery. The troops under his command numbered 1,400 rank and file , besides a largo number of citizens who hhd charge of the 140 six-mule wag ons which made up his train. At the very outset difficulties were encountered , as no suitable animals could be obtained , and the teamsters detailed by the quar termaster's department were nearly worthless. A considerable period of time was consumed in get ting the train into something like a state of organiza tion , and it was not until the 1st of July that the expedition was able to leave Omaha. The line of march was along the Plattc to the South 1'ork and nortti on that stream to the Pawnee Mission , 110 miles west of Omaha. Here the last outpost of civilization was left , nnd the command plunged into the trackless wilds of the northern plains. The course was laid out entirely by compass , as no guides could bo obtained who were fa miliar with the country , as the constant Indian raids had , for tlio time being , en tirely stopped the westward march of settlement. The command advanced in a northwesterdly direction without en countering any very great difficulties , leaving the bad lands to the north aud west , until the White Earth river is reached. Here the hardships began , as heavy rains had transformed that stream into a broad morass , and corduroy roads had to bo built before the train could cross. At this point the first Indian trails wcro seen , but no savages encountered , ns they were evidently in no great force. From this point onward the march was one of great difficulty and hardship. The entire country was cut up by deep gulches and canyons , grass was scarce , aud water scarcer. In many places the wagons had to bo hauled up the precipi tous bluffs by hand , while scurvy began to manifest itself among the men and was not checked until a quantity of wild onions were found , whtefuproved to bean an excellent anti-scorbutic. The trails increased in number aud size , but still no Indians wore soon. When the expedition reached the ycllowstono , a scouting party was sent in search of General Connor , who had agreed to moot Colonel Colo's column at this point , butte to their dismay neither that olllccr nor the cache of provisions ho had promised to have could be found , The provisions wore running short , no game was to bo found , and on the 2nd of September Colonel Cole concluded to mova toward the south , where provisions could bo ob tained , keeping out scouts for the pur pose of discovering if possible , Connor's whereabouts. INDIANS DISCOVERED. As ho was m the act of issuing the necessary order for this movement , a ro- was brought in that the herders had Eort ecu attacked a mile from camp and a number of animals driven off. Colonel Cole at once rode to thn front and dis covered that a force of four or five hun- drcd Indians were close at hand and ap- apparently about to continue their raid on the herd. The entire command was at once ordered out and sent to the aid of the small warty already engaged. Captain Rowland , of the Second Missouri ' 'artillery , with a party of sttven men , reached the ground first and closelj pressed the savages , killing a number o ! them ; but as he was passing a small de- tatchcd party n band of fifty Indians sud denly dashed out of a ravine to his right , and before aid could como uj killed every man In the party except Captain Rowland himself. When the main body of the command reached the field the Indians rapidly rctrcatod , the exhausted condition of Colonel Colo's horses rendering pursuit impossible The loss of the Indians in this engagement mont was from twenty-live to thirty During the afternoon u column of smoke evidently a signal fire , was seen rising toward the mouth of the Powder river Toward this smoke the com mam marched all day , encountering great difficulties from the broken nature of the ground , and suffering greatly from hea and want of food. During the night ono of the terrible storms peculiar to tha country set in , the temperature changing from intense heat to extreme cold , ac companied by a fierce hurricane. Weak cncd by want of forage and the fatigues incident to the march , the animals sue cumbcd to the storm , and 5K5 died dur lug the night and following day , ant Colonel Cole found himself reluctantly detrrmlnod to abandon the search fo Connbr for the time being , destroy par of his train , and find a place where grus. could be obtained for his starving stock On September 4 the troops marched out leaving a detachment of the Twelfth Missouri cavalry to destroy the aban doned property. While thus engaged a fierce attack was made by about seventy five Indians , but the assault was repelled , and the troops gained the main column without further molestation. A SAVAGE ONSLAUGHT. Next morning the column prepared to continue'its march , when largo bodes of Indians wcro discovered to bo lurking in the gulches and ravines to the cast , west and south , and it was evident that their intention was to surprise the command , and entirely cut off its retreat. An at tack was made upon the teamsters by a low of the Indians , which was repulsed with loss , but on the advance of the main body in their direction , the enemy withdrew , carrying of their dead , while heavy forces advanced upon the flank and rear , and it was evident that a gen eral attack was about to bo made. Kocognlzing the immlnonoy of the danger , Colonel Cole drew up his men in three lines , the fourth side of the square being formed by a heavy bolt of wood unsuitable for cavalry operations. This solid formation deterred the In dians for n time , and they confined themselves to attempts to entice small bodies of troops in pursuit. Bands often ton to one hundred would ride near the lines and rapidly retreat , but many of them fell before the Spencer rillcs , with ' which the artillery were armed , a weapon unknown to the hostiles , and whoso range took them by surprise. This desultory warfare was kept up some three hours , when a detachment of the Twelfth Mis souri cavalry , exasperated by the con duct of the Indians , crossed the river in uursuit. The Indians retired before them for some distance , and the cavalry pursued still moro nobly. Suddenly a Hash was scon across the plain , thrown from a bit of looking-glass in the hands of a tall chief , who , by this means , had been directing the entire course of the engagement from a neighboring height. The scattered bands at once drew to gether , and with furious yells charged on the devoted troops , brandishing their 'shields and lances and twanging their sinew-braced bows. At the same time the Sioux , who hold the right of the line , charged down upon the artillery , leaving the Choyennes and Arapahoos to deal with the cavalry. This general charge was not pushed homo.as it was evidently the intention of the Indians to prevent assistance being rendered the detached troop rather than to seriously attempt to break the main lino. The cavalry hold their ground well , but the carbine proved an inefficient horseback weapon when pitted against the arrows of the famous Cheyenne bowmen. COMMANDED UY SITTING BULL. The mnn began to fall fast before the Indians shafts , and finally made a dash for the river , hoping to reoross it and reach the main lino. Their horses , worn out by long marches and starvationwcro 10 match for the Indian ponies , thedo - achmont was overtaken and annihilation corned imminent. Sitting Bull , himself , lie same chief who eleven years later re mised Crook's column oh nearly the amo ground , and then wiped Custer'H : ommand from the face of the earth , led he onslaught , and the ! entlro command was in the most extreme , peril , ns if ouce he line was broken not a man would bo eft to toll the tale. Recognizing the dire need Colonel Cole rapinly advanced Captain Boardman's command , who gallantly charged to the assistance of their comrades , and by rapid and well directed volleys checked , ho Indian charge , and enabled the rem- lant of the cavalry to return to the lines. Although unsuccessful in breaking .hrough at this point the savages still ept up a fierce light , the hilltops and ilufl's were completely .covered by a mul titude of warriors , and thousands swept nround the troops , and stood sternly at jay In the valley , hiding behind the jodics of their lloet ponies , and discharg- ng clouds of arrows and volleys of balls. A Targe body had collected on an adjacent hill just out of ritleshot , and the red ban ner there displayed , coupled with the constant Hashing of the glasses in the lands of the chiefs , show that this was .ho headquarters of the Indians. Hero Colonel Cole saw a chance to use his ar tillery , which had been brought so far with such difficulty. SAVED UY THE CANNON. The guns wcro directed against the hill , and the shells exploding with deadly effect among the Indians , who believed themselves in perfect safety , decided the fate of the day. Astonished and stupi- iied by the cannon , which none of them had over encountered before , the Indians drew off and the hard-pressed troops were at lust relieved from their furious charges. The exhaustion of men and animals was complete and the suUerings of the wounded very severe , as the In dian arrows were made witli a devilish ingenuity , the heads of hoop-iron being fastened to the shafts by deer sinew , which became relaxed when wet with blood , detaching the head from the shaft and rendering extraction painful and difficult. Each shaft was also deeply grooved , so that the' flesh could not close tightly about it , checking hemorrhage , but u constant How of blood coursed through the channels in the wood. In spite of the wearied condition of the com mand , it was absolutely necessary to ad vance to some point where grass for the starving animals could bo ob tained , and a toilsome march was begun , but fortunately without molestation , as the few savages who followed the column kept at a rospeetful distanco. The march was continued by short stages for several days , and the danger seemed to have imsscd , when on boptembor 8 , Colonel WalKer , who was in command of the advance guard , sent word to Colonel Cole that ho had been attacked by 4,000 In dians and was falling back. Colono Cole at once advanced to his assistance and after a severe engagement succcedd in clearing his front and pursuing his march to the Yellowstone. Hero the In dians were found in largo force , but the ground being favorable for the artillery , u severe lire was opened , which did great execution and drove off the enemy , al lowing tlio exhausted troops to go into camp. That evening a furious hail storm set in , accompanied by intense cold. The proximity of the oncmy rendered it un safe to build fires , and the pickets were obliged to march in circlds to avoid frees- ing. 'The storm continued during the march on the next day , , and in thirty-six hours 414 animals perished. This loss necessitated the destruction of the wagon train , and all impediments not absolutely iudispcusiblo. FUIUTIKG AT X"Vonn. On September 10 , Colonel Cole found himself compelled to cross the Yellow stone. The Indians , who had hovered like vultures about his exhausted com mand , saw hero their opportunity , and made a number of furious charges , but wore in all cases driven'back with heavy loss , the artillery in particular , doing great execution. Whonvthe passage of the river had been successfully accom plished , the savages disappeared and were soon no more. But the difficulties and dangers of the march were by no means over. The provisions had given out , although for a long tune the men had been on less than half rations , and it was found necessary to resort to the horses and mules for food. The mon wcro ragged and nearly barefooted , and their feat were fearfully lacerated by the cac tus which covered the ground. Under thnso circumstances their progress was slow , and It was not until October that Fort Connor was reached , where their Immediate wants were partially supplied , but the deficiency of stores at that point rendered itimpossiblo to properly equip the command , and the toilsome march was continued to Fort Larnnuo , where at last the Weary column found much needed rest. Such .is the history of the first expedi tion against the Indians , of the Northern Yellowstone- The command in eighty- three * dayi''ljad marched 1,200 through a country utterly unknown to white mon , destitute of game , grass or water , and expojod to frequent nnd furi ous storms. A bravo nnd wary fee had boon victoriously encountered , and a lea- son administered that was not forgotten for years. But although victorious , the flit.of battle had moro than once trem bled in the balance , and it is entirely duo to the skill ami intrepidity of Colonel Cole aud the steady valor of his troops , seasoned by four years' service in the civil war , that destruction was averted , nnd that the massacre of the Little Big Horn was not antedated cloven years ou the banks of the Powder river , FIELD AND FAHSI. The Injurlouslnsootn of Nebraska , To the agriculturists and horticulturists of.Nebraska : Having boon employed by the Agricultural Experiment station , of thd university of Nebraska , to study up the injurious insects of the state , I would respectfully ask from these whom such work will particularly aim to benefit , that they give mo their co-operation and as sistance by answering the following in quiries : 1. What insects have damaged your garden , orchard , crops or shade trocsT 3. What time of the year have the in sects been most abundant , and have they been moro abundant ono year than another ? 8. What methods have you tried for destroying them , nnd with what success ? 4. What experience , if any , have you had with the following insects : Chinch bug , cottonwood beetle , Colorado potato beetle , cabbage worm , strawberry borer , strawberry saw-lly , grape gall-louse , grape Hea beetle , apple bark louse , apple root louse , apple-fruit or codling worm , apple tent-catorpiliar ; fall web-worm , white tussock moth , apple leaf crumplcr , plum curculio , maple tree borer , Hessian Describe or send specimens of in sects that have annoyed you. My intention is to get together ma terial for a practical report , which , it is hoped , will be of benefit to all who are interested in farm , /rardun / or fruit cul ture. Responses will greatly facilitate the preparation of a proper mailing list , and it is hoped that there will bo many. All suggestions will bo gratefully re ceived. CONWAY MCMILLAN , 1503 11 Street , Lincoln , Nob. Sure Cure For Oubbagn Worms. YOHKTOWN , la. , July 10. To the Edit or of tlio BEE : 1 have found by my own experience that young turkeys are a sure riddance of cabbage worms. From the time the turkeys are quito small not only allow them the freedom of the cabbage patch but go with them and assist them to get upon the plants they cannot reach from the ground and you will find as you fold back the leaves where the worms are hidden , that they will gather them from the cabbage faster thau the human eye can discern the number of worms. The best time Is in the morning between the hours of 7 and 0 o'clock , or before the heat of the sun causes the worms to seek thd shade. You will also find that the turkeys not only rid the cabbage of worms but they will thrive on what they eat , and I would say to all farmer's wives who want pots. Pet your turkeys , you will find it pay ? , aud it is amusing to bee them despatch the worms , Miw. ANNA CHOUGH. Senator Stanford's Vineyard. Chico Enterprise : There has boon a great deal written about Senator Stan ford's immense ranch nt Chico , but the only way to got an adequate idea of it is to pay the place a visit. This an Enter prise reporter did a few days ago. Stan ford's ranch begins at thcTehama county line , and the first view one gets of his land is not prepossessing. It is nothing but a barren treeless plain , where the bedrock crops out in spots and every where lies but a few feet beneath the surface. Nothing will grow hero except a short , dry weed , but the sheep like this weed , nnd the plain is therefore ono vast sheep range ; for Senator Stanford is a man of varied resources and manages to find a use for all the land ho owns. As you approach Vina the aspect of the country suddenly changes aud you jump from sunburned plains into the midst of green alfalfa and vineyards. The former nro made productive by frequent Hooding from irrigating ditches. This flooding is good for the soil , but bad for health , and if it makes alfalfa it also makes malaria. The water is brought in ditches from Duop creek and turned into the fields until it stands in a vast lake. As soon as ono crop of alfalfa is cut another is raised in this way , all the year round. It is used very extensively for stock , in place of hay. But the vineyard is the wonderful feat ure of tlio Stanfoid ranch. It extends tor several miles up and down on each side of the road as you approach Vina , and back from the road as far us the eye can reach. In some places tlio vines arc large , iu others they have just been set out and iu the latter case they are sup ported by an army of stakes. This vine yard contains 3,500 acres , and it is the largest in the world , but still the senator is not satisfied and proposes to have 5,000 acres. Moro vines are being setout out every vear. The urettiosl ' sight of 'all , are the old Gcrko vines- which form the nucleus of Senator Stanford's vineyard. These vines are all old and stand fully five feet high. The trunks nro larger than a man's arm. The branches are trimmed oil"at the battom and allowed to grow out nt tlio top , till the vineyard looks like an orchard of young peach trees , and they ore pruned ot ) so evenly that they make ono level lloor of green as the eye glances across them. The vines already in bearing require the attention of several hundred men to take care of the grapes they produce , and it will take a small army of men k attend to the crop each year when all the vines get to bearing. The win jry already in use on the ranch is a largo buildiug , but now Senator Stanford i. " having a brick structure erected which covers two acres , The walls are already up and 140 pillars are being erected to support the roof. The building is to hold the wine vats und casks , nnd is i sort of a wine-cellar above ground. I is of mammoth proportions , but so is the vineyard , and so will the crop o' grapes bo. Ono could talk about the vineyard and winery all daybut there are other thing ? to bo mentioned. Next to his vines , u Senator Stanford's esteem , como his finr horses. Of these there are largo band to bo seen , nil beauties and of the bes blood. The senator makes a specialty o raising fast horses , which ho sell fo fancy figures. Every animal is spirited beautifully proportioned and looks slcol nnd smooth. The two utallions to whicl ho breeds all his mares are Cluv am \ \ hips. The former the senator value nt 910,000. Clay is a rather small , brown horse , kind and gentle in disposition Whips is a fine largo bay , full of life an > beautifully built. In fact , th senator considers Whips tlio ideal o horseflesh and beyond price. The anmia was expected to make very fast time , bu was lamed in his early training ut Palo Alto , and hcnco is used only for brooding purposes , Several line horses havu been lamed lately on the Palo Alto track , which is considered too hard , and thu senator Intends to build a training track on his Vina ranch. Negotiations aru now hi progress for the purchase of the Copeland estate , which adjoins Stan ford ou the woat , next to the rlvor , and when these negotiations uro completed , the tract : will probably bo built on this land. Then all of thu fine itock will be brought to Vina , which will bo madu Itoudquartors for the .training depart ment. Other feature ! o this wonderful OUR OWN COTTON Handsomest and Most Satisfactory for RETAIL TRADEI H These who have USED THEM will BUY 170 . 1 * OTHER BRAND. TRY THEM I SOLE AGENTS FOR ALL MARKETS : SAMUEL C , DAVIS & CO , , SAINT LOUIS , MO. ranch deserve extended mention. The nine large barns for tlio horses , which uro made as comfortable ns most dwellings - ings ; the barns where the Holsteins have their quartern , kept ns neat , as a parlor ; those line old Holstcin cattle themselves , of monstrous si/.oand beautifully marked in black and white ; ono cow In particu lar , which is being fattened for beef to weigh 3,500 pounds , nnd which now I weighs nearly 2,000 ; Senator Stanford's handsome two-story residence , with its extensive lawns , flower gardens nnd stntuiuy all of these things attract the attention and excite the interest of the stranger. But then everything nboat this great ranch is of interest , nnd after the visitor has spent the day iu examin ing the different fcuturcs ho still feels how little ho has seen. The ranch is one of the wonders of this wonderful stato. The BooklosH Farmer. Stockman : The bookless farmer is ft one-horse farmer with a life-lone ambi tion , to gain u reputation for wearing a dirty shirt. lie will alarm the neighborhood by getting up two hours before day , then sit around aud not go to work till after sun up. Ho will complain of hard times , then tear his pants climbing a fence where a gate out to bo. Ho will pay $3 for a now bridle , then lot the calf chow U all to pieces before Sun day. Ho will got nil of his neighbors to help him iu getting a cow out of a bog , then lot her die for want of attention. Stock will get in aud destroy his crop at a place iu his fence that ho has boon putting off repairing for six months. Ho will talk all day Sunday about what he knows about farming , then ride around the neighborhood Monday look ing for seed uotutocs. Ho will go in his shirtsleeves on a cold day to show what ho can stand , then re turn homo at night and occupy two- thirds of the lire place till bed-time. Ho will ridicule the mechanism of a cotton planter , aud then go out aud mash lis thumb nailing a board on the fence. Ho will go to town ou Saturday nnd como back with fifty cents' worth of cof fee , a paper of pins , a dollar's worth of chewing tobacco , and his hide full of whisky. Ho is economical ; economy is his fort. Ho will save ten cents' worth of axle grccso and ruin the spindles ot a $70 ivagon. Ho won't subscribe for a newspaper. but will borrow ono from Ins friend , and lis wife or daughters will forget that it was borrowed and paste it upon the wall. wall.And it may bo added that ho will spend a dollar treating a set of blackguards mid loafers and let his wife and daugh ters go In raps for want of fifty cent calico dresses , which he is too poor to pay for , He will leave his plow iu the furrow and corn unplanted to go to town to hear a political ! speech , and spend the balance of the day tolling what a ' 'boss" his candidate is , and what a fool and rascal tbo other party has nominated. Ho is "wiser iu his own conceit than teu men who can give a reason , " and "though you bray him iu mortar like wheat , his foolishness will not depart from him. " How to Feed Pigs Tor Profit. Some Wisconsin pig-feeding experi ments by a Wisconsin farmer , furnished by Prof. Henry , of the Experimental sta tion , for publication in the Western Farmer , are interesting. Eight slioats fed on whole grain , with warm drink , gained in twelve days from February 7 to 10 an average ot 17 pounds each , or 130 pounds for the whole , being 1 } pounds daily. They consumed in the interval 8.17 bushels of corn , 3.80 of barley , and 0.75 of oats , the latter ground and mixed with Water. With corn at 40 cents , bar ley at 4 < > cents , and oats ut 25 cents , the value of the grain was $5.10 , which made the cost of gain per 100 pounds f 3.85. From February 10 to March 1-1 , twenty- three days , another experiment was tried , this tnno with ground feed half corn , one-quarter barley and one-quarter oats. The gam wax 355 pounds , the quantity of grain consumed 57 bushels , and its value at above figures , including $1.03 ior grinding , was $11-16. The cost of the 835 pounds of gain was at the rate of $ o.l4 per 100. The average daily train per hog was $ l.i)3 ) pounds , and tno average total gain for each bushel of grain consumed was 13.14 pounds. The hogs wore sold immediately on the conclusion of the last experiment at fo.-'S per 100 pounds. The 355 pounds of guin made at a cost of $11.10 worth of gram therefore brought * 18.01 ; nnd at this rate the corn fed brought 74 cents per bushel , the barley 83 cents , and the oats 45 cents. The lie ures are especially instructive showing. iir.it. nrotitablono.s.s of feuding mixed grain instead of confining hogs to an ex clusive corn diet ; second , the advantage of grinding feed , and third , that almost double the market price can bn secured from grain by feeding it to thrifty stock. Ixw Price for Machine Work. Nothing shows the great competition in agricultural machinery better than the reduction m prices of cutting grasser or grain. sVhen the mowing machine first came around a farmer furnished the team , while some ono owning a mower drove it and cut his grass for $1 per acre. Now this sum will cut and bind an aero of wheat or other grain , the owner of the harvester paying for the twine which averages 15 to 20 cents per acre , In some parts rtf the west where there are large Holds still lower rates arc made , but without much profit to the man run ning the machine. If n farmer bu at all deficient in mechanical ability ho need not regret the fact much if ho can get machine work done at this price. There are probably enough machines now to < lo tlid harvesting , but breakages and bad management make room for new ones every year. Hint * and 8iure > ' 'tloiis. Early rising , with the work done in part before the heat of the day , r.nd a good rest ut noon , will sav.e the horses during the warm days. Shade trcus sometimes require atten tion. Wood allies ghould ' bo applied around all kinds of shade trees at least once a year. The hedges will .also bo benclitted by ashes , . Flics arc terrible annoyances to slocK during ttiis season , and- every stable should bo supplied with scroniu to the windows and doors. They are not expensive and will enable the horses and cows to Bccuro rest. In the pasture tha insects cannot well be avoided. After the raspberries shall hr.vo been marketed the canes should bo well worked , so as to remove the grass and * woods , iu order that the new canes may make ns much growth ns possible. An apullcatlon of wood ashes would prove nn excellent fertili/.cr. Good clover hay Is always considered ns equal to any other. It is the standard by which nil other grasses nro compared , and no farm is considered fully supplied for the winter that has not hud a crop of clover grown upon it. The plan of judging of the mcrltcs of cows by a comparison of "records , " in stead of relying entirely on pedigree and color marks , is adding greatly to the value of our pure bred milk cows. Not only the quantity , but the quality also , is considered , and so rapid has been tha improvement that some of the "records' ? are socmingly marvelous. A box with entrance holes no larger than one In diameter will bo an induce ment for the wrens to take possession , as tlioy will then bu safe from the attacks if larger birds. Wrens are excellent in- cct exterminators , and should bo on- enraged by every possible manner. The signs of the times indicate that the ntonsely lard hog that was in great de mand a few years ago is to bo supplanted "iy the one that will furnish tender , juloy neat. The hog supplying the lard has o compete with the crop of cottonseed > il. while the ham has nothing to fear rom competition. It always seems to us , says the Western lural , to bo the blindest folly for n far- ner and dairyman who has calves from ows that are possessed of sufficient dairy lorits to make them profitable to soil heso calves , which , to say the least , may c like their dams , and then depend upon tlicr people's" herds. The wisest thing for the man who is itarting in stock raising who has never landled Shorthorns or thoroughbred cat- lo of any kind is to knep his little herd of 'air common cattle , buy the best made mil he can find , and put him upon his common cows. In two years ho will liave made four times tlio cost of the bull , If ho has only twelve cows to use him upon. So remarked Mr. Campbell bo- "oro the last meeting of the Jowa State Urcedors * association. In selecting a bull , says a writing in the Ohio Farmer , reject ns poison any nnl- mnl that shows a mountain of beef in front nnd a light hind quarter : ha may cot you a beef animal , but his chances of getting milkers are poor indeed. The 'highs should bo thin and wide apart , Jic scrotum well developed , of light color nnd soft tnxture ; the addition of teats is n good indication , nnd the larger they are the more likely will they bo ' .ransmittod in good size to the offspring. No hog is quite so ravenous as n 'sow hat is sucking a lot of young pigs. The nccssant dram on her sharpens her ap petite amazingly , and yet she will grow thin while eating perhaps twice what she : oiild fatten on without the pigs. But no bed ever given to a hog is so well in vested ns what is fnd to a sow sucking icr young. At first the BOW'H food should bo milk and wheat bran , but after tha pigs are a week old some corn meal may be added with no fear that she will grow IOD fat. The pigs will got nil the fat and growth it contains. The farmer should make his own bacon. The September and October pigs will come just right to turn into bacon. Feed them in tiio autumn on apples nnd roots with a little grain , and when cold weather conies on give them plenty of grain until they uro throe to four months old , and then turn the whole of the sides into bacon for the family table. As long us this bacon lasts the pork barrel will not bo troubled much. The little hams nnd shoulders are dainty for homo use. The sow which rears these pigs should bo kept over any old sow can roar two lit ters in one season , ns the period of gesta tion la but four months. HE KNEwVllslviAN. The Moit I'ollto anil ISRVctual Mode of Dealing AVIth a "Bent. " Now York Commercial Advertiser : Clerk Carr , of the Fifth Avcnuo hotel , has been in his present position over n generation , Hand in common parlance knows how to "size up" a man at first glance quito correctly. The other day a young man dressed In broad striped trousers and snck coat , carrying a largo cane in his right hand , and resembling in nil respects the avoragp English swell , meandered up to the ollico counter and asked with a strong cockney accent : "Did you got my telegram ? I s-jnt it from Chicago ; my name is Henry Guy do Montmorcnoi. " "I did not receive it , " politely answered Mr. Carr. "Then yon didn't save mo n suite of rooms , did you ? " "No , and 1 have not a singln room in the hotel empty , " coolly replied the clerk. "Now that is annoying. 1 live in Chicago cage and my family always stop at your hotel. Surely if you cannot give inu a suite of rooms , 1 can not a single ono ? " pleaded the notilo do.Montmoronci. "l am sorry , but wo have no room va cant , " again oamo the cold reply. "But my family will bo disappointed if 1 do not stop with you. I am used to plenty of room and I cannot put up with one small room ; its too confined and lim ited , liut I may compromise this time on one good-si/.od apartment. " The olork insisted that ho had not oven a blnglo room to accommodate him with. "I am sorry , sorry , but what can I do ? " asked the importunate would-be guest. "Well , the only thing I know of for you to do ii < to sleep in my bed with me and snvayour hotel bill , " said Mr. Carr. Thou ho gave the well-known signal and the "hotel beat" was enthusiastically assisted to the sidewalk by two uthlutiu porters , Tin : "Life of thq flesh is the blortd . thereof ; " pure blood means healthy fnnc. tlonal activity and this bears with it the certainty of quick restoration from sick ness or accident. Dr. .1. 11. McLean's StrcngthiMiiiiz Cordial nnd'Blood Purifier- triyes pure riJIiblood , and vitalize * nnd Htrt-nuthtius lUo whulu body , $1,09 y r bottlo.