1HE ? OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUNDAY JTJN.U 10. 1887.-TWELVE PAGES.
THE .ELECTRICAL WORLD ,
Practical Tests and Inventions to Guide tbo
Current of the World !
PERFECTING ELECTRIC MOTORS'
Light on tlio Unttlcllcld Telegraph
Cabled , Cnllo Jtntcs ami Elec
tric Lights Klcctrlc *
cal Artillery.
The Ktcctrlcnl nnllwny.
An olcctriC'Vailwny , tlic lirst to start in
New York state , was formally opened at
'
Uinghamptoh 'to-day , May 22. The cars
run without notse at the rate of from live
to eighteen miles an hour. A load of livo'
tons seems to make no difference In
spued. The road is nearly four miles
long , from Uoss park to the state insane
asylum. The coit ot the change was
something over $20,000.
Electric Whistles.
Melodious sounding electric whistles
nrc a novelty , and arc paid to be taking
the place of electric bolls in France. The
whistle is made by lilting a small brass
. tube with suitable apertures so that it
opens against the spring of a suitably
formed communicator.
How Much Wire.
Uuflalo News : "Hero's something to
guess at , " exclaimed a lineman , indicat
ing the wire bound telegraph polo at
Seneca and Pearl streets. "What length
of wire do you suppose is about that
pole ? " lie asked. The polo is girted with
a coating of wire about six feet up. I
made a guess of a few hundred yards.
"Within a foot of a mile , " said tlio line
man. "Just about two length of No. 9
wire. The coils come in half mile lengths.
I The Baltimore & Ohio polo at Washington -
ton and Seneca streets , the biggest one
in the city , has got a mile and a half of
wire wrapped about it. "
A New Electrical Invention.
Hiiflulo ( N. Y. ) Express , May 20 : The
certificate of incorporation of tlio Battery
Light and Power company was Hind with
the county clerk yesterday. Tlio object
of the company , as stated in tlio docu
ment , is to "manufacture and sell in Now
York state cloctnc and other appliances ,
and also carbonic electric batteries em
bodying the invention of Charles II.
Wilder , and also to sell to others within
the statn the right to make , use , and sell
said carbon electric batteries and such
electric and other appliances. " The
capital stock is f 1.000,000. divided into
1,000 shares. The term of existence is to
bo fifty years. The operations are to bo
carried on in Buffalo. Mr. Uefford said
yesterday that the invention was intended
lor use in families , offices , etc. , whcro
light machinery , such us sowing ma
chines , was to bo u ed. whore it could
also be employed for lighting as well as
tor power. Most of those interested had
not seen the invention , but one or two
had been to Boston , whore it is in success
ful operation , and had become convinced
of its value. So far no move has been
made towards manufacturing the ma
chines hero , and there is no need of doing
so at present. With battery and motor
iu the house , both power and illumina
tion could bo produced very cheaply.
The election of ollicers would probably
occur iu a day or two.
Electric Matches.
Uuflalo Express : Tlio subject of gas-
lighting by electricity was well handled
by Mr. Frank Kitten , of the Western
Union , before the Electrical society last
evening.
It was , ho said , ono of considerable
interest and importance as illustrating n
most useful and convenient application
of the electric current to methods of ig
niting and extinguishing gas jets from a
distanco. The principle involved in
electric gaslighting consists simply in
making and breaking an electric circuit ,
cither mechanically or electrically , in
the immediate neighborhood of the es
caping gas , which was ignited by the
spark which followed the breaking of
contact. The spark was the result of an
extra current set up at the moment of
breaking the circuit , the latter of which
included tlio burner with its two elec
trodes , a spark coil , ano two or three
open circuit colls. The spark coil was
best constructed of a bundle of iron
wires to servo as a core , around which a
few layers of thick insulated wires should
bo wrapped. Mr. Kitten described and
fully illustrated by experiments the sev
eral systems in ordinary use for domestic
purposes , including the pendent , ratchet
and automatic burners , as also the sys
tems employed for lighting theatres ,
large halls , etc. , which were usually fur-
mined with the necessary power . . . by
means of the I induction coil or Irictional
machine.
Electric Motor * .
St Louis Republican : Early yesterday
morning the Lindell car , to which a
Jullcn motor M'aa attached some time
Ago , was run out on the Washington
avenue line and made a round trip with
out giving the driver the slightest trouble
in making stops , starting or regulating
the speed. E. J. Uangmtll had spout a
few hours the night before charging the
itorogo battery" in the small dynamo in
the company's barn at Twenty-second
street and Washington avcnuo. Ho waste
to have shut down the engine at 11
o'clock , but believing that the cells
were not filled , ho kept the machinery
running until 12 o'clock , when ono of the
boxes ucgan to boil up. Ho then at
tempted to cut the circuit , and in doing
> ; so molted tlio wire and burned out part
of one of the cells. When the second
trip over tlio road was completed that
cell had been exhausted and it was about
3 o'clock in thu afternoon wlum tlio elec
trician had the circuit complulo to make
another trip. Twenty-live passengers
woru taken from Fourth street on the
last trip and the service was as perfect
for the accommodation of passengers as
any motive upwor could furnish.
The dynamo in the company's barn is
too small to charge the storage batteries
as rapidly as is desired , and to remove
that inconvenience a wire is being ex
tended from the Brush electric light
plant on the corner of Seventh and Wal
nut streets to the car-barn. It will bo
completed to-morrow , and the storage
batteries on the car will bo charged from
tlio Brush plant. The olcctrio car will
then be used regularly , il it continues to
give as good service as it did yesterday.
The company does not believe , however ,
that they will adopt tlio Julian motor as
the motive power of their lino. Thny
havn ordered for trial a Sprague motor ,
which , it ia bolievcd , is more perfect than
the ono they arc now trying. Tlio now
motor will bo swung between the axle
and a thwart-piece , and the interposition
of a single pinioii. working in a gear ,
will give revolution to tlio car wheel.
Then there will bo ono gear engaged at
each end of the armature ( .haft , which
allows ono to bo lixod and the other ad
justable. The motor delivers seven and
ono-Imlf-horse-power on its armatura
shaft , and there being ono of thcso on
each axle , a lifteun-horso-powcr ia
furnished. It is also claimed for this
motor that it removes the difficulty ol
lack of sufliclent adhesion under all coiv
ditions by having independently-driven
axles. In an experiment mada in Pliila
dclphia on this point a snow-covered ,
very slippery track wns complotelj
cleaned by the rotation of the for\vari
wheels , wnile tlio rear wheels took lioli
of the track and propelled the car. Tlu
Snrftgttc company has just cjoscd a sheri
time contract for completely equipping
a forty-car thirteen-mile system for the
city of Richmond , Va.
Opposition to Telegraph In Yunnan.
The Chlncso Times says news has been
received from Yunuan that there has
been much popular opposition to the
erection of the telegraph wire at Ta-
ting-fu , in the south of that province.
Tlio workmen have been attacked and
wounded , and the foreigner in charge
lias also been threatened. Work has been
suspended , and the magistrates are oc
cupied in trying the people , who al
lege that the Feng Slim is interfered witli
by the telegraph poles.
A late report says : 'I ho disturbances
in Yunnan nnd Kiicl Chou , on account
of the telegraph continue. For many
days no messages came from I'i Chloh ( : i
district in the province of Kuel Chou ) ,
and tin olllcial who was sent to discover
the cause found the natives in an excited
state. They had assembled in great
numbers on the night or April 23d , and
destroyed the telegraph ofllco , pulling
down the poles and wires. The oflicers
escaped to the ) Taotai's yamcn. The
Taotai of the Kuei llsi circuit , whoso
yamon is at Pi Chieh , has been ordered
to arrange the matter.
The Newchang correspondent of the
North China Daily News , writing on
April 20 , says : We heard of Monscigncur
Boyor's death , in the extreme north ,
where ho had gone ( hiring the winter.
Smco lie became bishop Monsclgeur
Boyer had not spared himself , nnd being
over sixty , the traveling and discomforts
on the road , which are ( { iiito enough to
upset young people , were too much for
him. He had been some thirty-live years
in China , coining out with Monselcneur
Tagliabuo of PcKlng , and was a great
linguist , very energetic and zealous. The
Missions Ktrangeres must miss him
greatly , for Monscigncur Boycr was a
thoroughly good _ man.
The committee of the chamber of com
merce had a very satisfactory interview
with Colonel Uonby , United States min
ister to China , April 21 , at the United
States Consulate-General , Shanghai. The
old questions of tno Woosung bar , duty
drawbacks , lekln , etc. , were referred to ,
us also tlio certification of invoices for
the United States , the irregularity of the
malls via San Francisco , and the lately
levied additional tax 0:1 : kerosene oil.
A medical missionary association has
been formed in China. There tire now
seventy-nine medical missionaries ( Prot
estant ) in China , Corca aud Slam , of
whom fifteen are ladles.
The new military college at Tientsin
has boon reorganized.
In the course of an article on George
T. Bromley the Chinese Times savs : "An
anecdote may bo mentioned to illustrate
the exquisite tact which made Mr. Brom
ley's intercoursa with the Chinese of
ficials so smooth. U Hung Chang on
one occasion rather abruptly uskcd him
was he republican or democrat. With his
usual self-possessed smile , which was
never cynical and always pleasant , Mr.
Bromley replied : 'Why , I am the United
States consul , ' and the viceroy laughed
loud at the answer. Perhaps no creator
compliment was ever paid to tlio repre
sentative of a foreign country than when
the viceroy , on hearing of his probable
supersession , telegraphed to the Chinese
minister at Washington to use his influ
ence there to obtain Mr. Bromley's reap-
pointmcnt. The minister , however , re
plied that it was impossible , as certain
crsorml influences wore too strong. "
Light for the Battle Field.
Electrical Review : Just nt the present
irac , when war clouds are hanging thick
, nd heavy over Europe , and more or less
ixaggeratod rumors of war are filling the
ho columns of the dally press , it is not
iiirprising to road of now inventions
made in the interest of army soldiers.
Only a short while ago the Prussian war
department announced a competition for
\ portable military barrack , open only to
[ Herman architects and civil engineers.
And now a novel application of the
electric light to military hygiene of the
buttle field is said to have been made in
iVurtomburg. According to Mr. Nach-
igal , a German army surgeon , a light
mbulanco wagon , easily drawn by two
orses , has been constructed , which
is equipped with an clcctrio light of 2,000
3andlo-powor , generated by means of a
dozen galvanic batteries , which last for
continuous illumination during a whole
night. The arc lamp is suspended from
\n adjustable truck , not unlike some of
ur patented portable lire escape appa
atus , and the light hangs so that it may
bo turned free in all directions , which is
necessary , inasmuch as a parabolic re
flecting mirror is placed behind the light
in order to increase its power of illumi
nation. Experiments marto during the
late maneuvers with such an ambulance
wagon demonstrated the possibility of
successfully lighting a battle field to a
distance of nearly half a mile from the
ambulance to such an extent as to enable
the search for and discovery of the bodies
of dead or wounded soldiers , partly hid
den from view by shrubbery. It is said
that the ambulance wagon is so strongly
built that it may readily bo driven across
meadows without interfering with the
proper working of the electric arc light.
Co t of Electric Llghta.
Baltimore American : Mr. F. W. King ,
superintendent of lamps , has collected
duU from official scources in reference
to the cost of clcctrio lighting , Various
matters , such as the number of lamps ,
the ownership of plant , candle power ,
etc. , must bo taken into consideration in
figuring up the cost in the various cities.
The candle power in all cities is 2,000.
except in Brooklyn , whcro it is 1,200.
Now York has a contract for one year
with the Brush and United States com
panies , and has in use 711 lamps at 70
cents each per night. Philadelphia has
525 lamps , for which an average of 51
cents pur night is paid unilnr a ono-ycur
contract , and the Brush , United States
and Houston systems are used.
Brooklyn has 095 lamp at a cost of 50
cents each (1,200 ( candle power ) . The
contract is for ono year , and the Thom
son-Houston system is used.
Boston lias 504 lamps at a cost of G5
cents each , furnished by the Brush ,
Western and Thomson-Houston compa
nies under a three-year contract , and tlio
city owns the posts , extensions and
hoods.
Newark , N. J. , has 150 lamps at n cost
of 50 cunts , furnished by the United
States and Western companies under a
throe-year contract.
Providence , R. I. , has 175 lamps at a
cost of 50 cents , furnished by tlio West
ern and Thomson-Houston companies
under a one year contract.
Albany has 481 lamps at 50 cents each ,
furnished by the Brush company under
a live year contract , and owns the lamps ,
pos' s , poles and lanterns.
Rochester. N. Y. , has 330 lamps 809 at
15 cents and 77 at HO cents each , furn
ished by the Brush company under n
contract for live years.
Albany , Boston and Philadelphia , which
pay 50 cents , 05 cents and 51 cents , re
spectively , own more or less of the plant.
Now York recently rejected a bid of 05
cents , but thu city is about to have an
electric light war , and , it is stated , offers
are made to furnish the lights at 23 cents
each.
Calls ! anil Gable Rates.
Now Orleans Picayune : The Picayune
has received from tlio United States hy-
drograpliio oillco in this oily a map of
tlio world on Morcator's projection ,
showing the lines of submarine telegraph
in every part of the globo.
PUCK'S ' celebrated boast of being nblo
to put a glrdlo around the earth in forty
minutes cannot bo realized for the lack
of a short cable across Bohrlng's Straits
and a land line througu Alaska. But
elsewhere communication is fully cstab-
islicil.
There aru ten cable : across the Atlan
tic between Eiiropo and North America ,
nnd two between Lisbon , Portugal and
Pcrnambuco , Brazil , There are cables
down thu Atlantic to the Moditeranoan ,
through that sea to the Red Sea , through
that to the Indian Ocean to Bombay ,
thunco across India and around the
coast to Madras , on the cast coast of
India , thunco through the Indian ocean
to and through the Straits of Malacca ,
thcnco through the Yullow , Chinese and
Japan seas up the const of Asia to
Nicolatowsx , on the cast coast of Siberia ,
about 55 deg. north latitude. There is
also an overland line across Russia and
Siberia from St. Petersburg to Nico-
lalewsk.
Every seaport in Asia between the
limits mentioned and many plucos in the
interior , have telegraphic communication
with Europe and America. Europe , like
the United States , is covered with a net
work of wires , and the coast line of Nor
way clear to the Arctic ocean is covered
by land lines with cables across the bays
and gulfs.
From India there are cables to Austra
lia and New Zealand. As for Africa , it
is provided with cables and land lines
which communicate with every point of
importance around the coast , but they
penetrate but a small way into tlio in
terior.
South America , by means of coast
cables and land lines , can bo communi
cated with at every place of consequence
on its entire coast line north , cast and
west , Patagonia alone being loft out.
There is also a transcontinental line from
Montevideo on the east coast to Valparaiso
raise on the west.
Thus it will bo seen that in every part
of the world where civilized society ex
ists to any extent the electric telegraph
is in use for the transmission of intelli
gence , and while all parts of Asia and of
the coast of Africa can now bo readied
by way Europe , it cannot be many years
before a direct line will bo laid from San
Francisco to thu Sandwich Islands and
thence to Japan , when thu girdle around
thn earth will bo complete.
It is no longer a wonder how the press
is able to print the daily transactions in
all parts of the world.
To gratify the curiosity of these who
may wisli to know the cost of cabling
messages , a few figures are given from
the voluminous tariff of rates. From
Washington to points in Great Britain ,
Ireland , France and Germany the cable
charge is 12o a word. To extreme point *
of Africa it is $3.18 a word. The tari < Mo
places in South America , according , to
remoteness and roundabout lines of com-
mumcation , varies from $1.04 to sfO.Ol'por
word. In Asia rates go up as high as
$2.14. To Australian points the extreme
price $3.04 pur word. These rates are for
cable service. The charges over land
lines are added.
How Switchboard PlroR Starr.
Chicago Tribune : "How do fires start
behind switchboards in telegraph and
telephone ollices originate ? " City Elec
trician Barrett was asked ycsteiday.
"Bytho | electric spark passing from ono
wire to another and igniting the cotton
covering , which lias become frayed by
use , " ho roplicd.
"Is it possible to prevent these fires ? "
"Yes. A lead-covered wire can be
used , and all danger of lire avoided. "
"Then why don't the telegraph compa
nies use that kind of wire ? "
"Because it cosls about four times as
much as the other. "
"What causes the electric spark to pass
from ono wire to another ? "
"The spark or current always seeks the
shortest route to the ground , as wires
always are in large switchboards , the
current will leave the ouo which is tlio
farthest from the ground for the other. "
"How docs Ihis cause a fire ? "
"Tho cotton covers of the wires are
generally soaked in parafiinc , but as this
evaporates it leaves the cotton perfectly
dry and inllammablu. Constant use
wears the cotton and leaves the wire ex
posed , and as the electric spark jumps
from ono wire to the other it ignites the
cotton. As there are generally a great
many wires with the frayed cotton hang
ing from their ends only a slight spark
will ignato them all. and in a moment
there is n big blaze behind , which , unless
extinguished at once , communicates to
the board itself , which is generally of
wood. This , of course , gives tlio iiro a
start , and after that you know as much
about what happens as any ono else. "
The Electrical Artillery ,
Baltimore News : A few days ago the
News discussed the otl'ucl of the use of
io much electricity in cities upon the
electric fluid of the average storm at
mosphere. Wo throw out the suggestion
that the collection of so much of the sub-
he fluid from the atmosphere by electric
ight machinery , and the consumption of
t in lights had perhaps a tendency to
diminish the quantity that otherwise
would bo burned in electric storms. It
also occurred to us that the many tele
graph and telephone wires , as well as
the electric light channels , would curry
off the mysterious currents to such an
extent as to largely mitigate the severity
of the summer storms , which are usually
so heavily charged. This theory seems
plausible. Electricity so readily seeks
every conductor that will convey it.to ttio
earth , and it is not unreasonable to sup
pose that immense quantities find path.- ,
ways to the ground over the elevated not-/ ,
in which cities are enmeshed. Thus denuded - '
nudod or drained the atmosphere iqust
contain less ammunition or electrical Uwn
charges than would otherwise be Uiai
case. And this suggestion seems borne
out by the recent experience. There
have been electrical storms of unprece
dented severity in various parts of the
country and tlio list of fatalities is start
ingly long this year. But these casual
ties have been in the country , where
there are no wires to catch the bolt nnd
carry it oil'or to silently and impercepti
bly conduct thu surplus electricity from
thu clouds and thus diminish in extent
and intensity the bombardment of which
tlio clouds would have been capable.
While thu casualties in the country from
the ravages of lightning have been sign-
larly fatal and startling this spring , the
cities have entirely escaped. If lightning
has struck any largo cities which possess
the average complement of telegraph ,
telephone , and clecitic light wires , it lias
only been in thu outskirts , whcro such
taps are inconsiderable , while the cen
ter of the cities have escaped. There
may be something in the theory , and , if
there is , the questions are suggested
whether overhead wires are not u protec
tion to cities during electrical btorms ,
whether underground wires would
furnish the same protection , and is it not
safer to live in thu busy city than on the
moro exposed suburbs or in the open
country ?
TW The Day of the Dynamo.
Now York Post : Until very recently
the use of electricity for propelling sur
face cars has been looked upon , even by
most electricians , as something for the
distant future. The experiments made
by a number of inventors. Edison amonc
them , hud shown the perfect feasibility
of running cars by electricity , but the
coat was apparently higher than for
steam or horses , and many problems of
detail seemed to require years for their
solution. So long ago as in the forties ,
Professor Henry of Washington suc
ceeded in running a minaturo tram by
means of an electric current derived from
primarv batteries of zinc and carbon.
The toy interested a great many persons ,
but the cost of obtaining power from zinc
was enormous , and nothing was done to
make practical use of Professor Henry's
work. The world waited for u moro
economical source of electricity than the
chemical battery to bo discovered. The
invention of tlio dvnamo solved thn prob
lem : it otl'ercd cheap clectricity.and from
the beginning there was no doubt what
ever in thu minds of all scientific men ns
to the supreme importance of this inven
tion. This conviction , has deepened
yearly since then. Tlio. dynamo makes
possible the transmission of power In Il
limitable quantities from any placu whcro
natural power , such as that of a waterfall ,
may bo had for nothing , to distant cities
aud shops. It transforms mere power
into light , heat , or electricity , and it
transmutes electricity again back into
power when so desired ,
This extraordinary invention , which
enters already so much into the indus
trial lifu oi the country , and is destined
to play a moro and more important role ,
already lights our streets and houses ,
sends our despatches , and , according to
experts , will very soon run our surface
and elevated railway cars. Originally it
required n great dual of steam power ,
used in revolving rapidly the dynamo
urmaturo ; to obtain vury httlo electricity
gradually this difference in the working
value of what was put into the dynamo ,
and what was got out of it , grew less.
and to-day a thousand inventors are
seeking to increase still further this clTi-
cioucy. By revolving the urmaturo of
the dynamo , an electric current is ob
tained , which , Introduced into another
dynamo , causes the armature of that also
to revolve. This is a rough statement of
the practice of tlio transmission of power
by means of electricity. The electric
current may bo sunt along a wire or a
car rail. With thu majority of electric
street railways now in operation , tlio gen
erating dynamo is placed iu a station
somewhere along the line , and worked by
steam or water power ; the current so
produced is sent along the. rails or along
a wire suspended tun or twelve feet
above the tracks. Each car is provided
with a small dynamo , which , upon re
ceiving a portion of the current ,
coining along tlio track or the
overhead wire with which it
ir. connected by a sliding device ,
axles of the car , to move t'ko car along
the track. The principles involved are
as old as the dynamo itself ; their applica
tion in practicu is a iliattcr of cvcry-day
improvement. For electric light the
current from tlio dynamo is used to heat
to incandescence a bit of carbon : for tlio
street-car , to tuvolvo tlio armature of a
second and smaller dynamo carried upon
a car and geared to its axles. To reduce
; ho loss in the transformation and trans
mission of power from the steam cngin c
or water-wheel to thu axle of the car , or
'o other uses , is the constant study of
.nventors. . The results depend largely
upon thu form of the dynamo , the meth
ods of transmission , tlio distance which
the electricity must travel between tlio
uncrating .station and the motor.
Five years ago there was not an elec
tric railway in practical operation in the
country , while to-day there arc more
"him a dozen , with every prospect that
hero will be a hundred within the next
two years. Experts do not hesitate to
predict the speedy displacement of the
horse as a motor for cars in cities , and
one authority believes that the change
from horses to electricity will soon go on
is fast as the electric plant * ! can bo man
ufactured. Step by stop the dynamo lias
been so improved that the work which it
costs $10 to do with horses can be done
by electricity for $0. Even if electricity
rt'oro no cheaper than horses , the change
would bo for the better. The streets will
to cleaner ; there will be fewer great city
stables to pollute the air and expose the
city to destruction by lire.
Penn
Ailtiinaaw 'IravcJer.
Oh , de. she b'nrs coniu w'eu old 'Ligy blow'd
'his lio'n ,
( Doan yer lauen at do sarvcnt o do Lawd. )
An' da crabbed up do chiilun like or liaug
c.V In' co' M.
( Doan yer laugh at de sarvent o' do Lawd. )
Go up , old baldy , 'lowed the Ireeklo lace
chile
( Doan yer laugh at do sarvent o' do Lawd. J
n' den er b'ar Blabbed him wld pr mighty
broad smile ,
( Ionn yer laugh at do sarvont o' de Lawd. )
DC pa' cliilo hollered ana tried to get loose ,
( Ioan jer laugh at do sarvent o' do Lawd. )
But du b'ar drug him oil' like cr varmint wid
a goose. ,
( Doan yer laugh at do sarvcnt o' de Lawd. )
Doan yer lauch at do sarvent o' deLa\\d ,
young man ,
Doan yer laugh at do prophet In tlio lane ,
Fur de b'ars mout cum from do woods ,
young man'
An' eat year up 'gardless o' do pain , pain ,
V.UD ,
n' cat yer up 'gardless o' do pain.
Den praise old Llgv and praise Mar.3 Saul ,
' wo'll dance w'd ' David 'ftwnd de ark in
de hall ,
Oh , yer better be kecrf ul w'en yer titters at
' .er man.
( Doan yer laugh at de sorvcnt o' de Lawd. )
Fur jrr raout strike ttio prdphet o' do Jordcn
river ban' ,
( Doan yer laui'h at do setvent o' de Lawd. )
An' It mout be de case daft > cr pusson widout
li'iir
( Doau yer lautrli at do servant o'do Lawd. )
llab tot er awlul 'lluencerwld de hallelujah
( Doan yer laugh at do saryont o'de Lawd. )
An' den yer eyes is open w'on Its dun too
late
( Doan yer laugh at do sarvcnt o' do Lawd. )
Dat yer hub crooked yer linger at do v , rong
sorter n Ue ,
( Doan yer laugh at do sarvent o' de Lawd. )
Doan yer laugh at do sarvent o' do Lawd ,
young man ,
Doan yer laugh at do prophet in do lane ,
Fur do b'ars mout cum from dn woods , young
man ,
, , An' eat yer up 'gardless o' de pain , pain ,
pain ,
An" ' o' do .
eat yer up 'gardless pain.
Den praise old Ligy and praise Mars haul ,
An' we'll dance wld David 'round de ark In
de hall.
Ulrit Notes.
The blackbird has been found equally
destructive of the eggs of birds of other
species with that of the crow and spar
row.
row.A swallow flow against a Philadelphia
boy's fuco and drove his bill clean
through his cheek. The boy held the
bird fast by his teeth , and it now occu
pies a cage as a pet.
A pair of swallows have built a nest in
ono of thu electric lights in O.shkosh ,
Wis. , and have hutched six young ones.
The nest is directly under the bowl which
is placed over the light , and but a t'uw
inches from tlio light. '
John Ellis , of Williamsport , Pa. , has a
very intelligent crow. Whenever he seen
the 'dog dining ho sneaks up behind anil
grabs his tail. Thu dog wheels around.
when the crow snatches up tlio coveted
food and is instantly out of reach.
The catbird , just before dininz upon
your nice , ripe cherries , perches himself
upon an eminence in the neighborhood ,
and then you are treated to a comic
opera of over a half hour's length. His
melody at siu-h times is very pleasing.
An owl swooped down from a tajl troc
upon a catlish which James \ \ ilkins , of
Amoricus. ( ! a. , hud upon Ins hook while
fishing. The light between tlio owl and
Wilkms was a doiporato one , with tlio
final discomfiture of the bird.
Tnrco times n Sumtor ( Ga. ) man broke
up thu nest of a guinea hen that scorned
determined to Ret. The last time shu de
liberately walked to a well.lluw up to tlio
curbing , and plunged head lirst into the
deep waters below. When got out she
was dead.
Something now in tliu bird line was
captured bv F , B. Phelps Mulberry , S. C.
It lias the head of the owl , with tre
mendous black oyes. It * face looked like
a monkey's , with white cheeks , and t
black streak over each eye. The rest ol
head inclined to gray , with black dots
near thn end olcacli feather. The body
was covered with a beautiful plumage
Whenever ho went near It it would give
a most unearthly yell that frightened the
dogs. It whipped every dog on tlio
pluuo.
Michael Morrison , a man known to
hundreds of anglers in Now York city
was found dead in bed last week of hear
disease. Air. Morrison was neurlj
seventy years old , and for the last twuntj
years no was engaged iu trying salmon
flies , his skill in the art buing regarded us
greater than that of anybody else in the
country. , ,
1
FOR SWEET CHARITY'S ' SAKE ,
Now and Novel Method of New York
Society to Aid a Worthy Cause ,
MRS. CLEVELAND'S SACRIFICE
Tlio Wltca of the District Messenger
Hey An Astonished Woman Tap-
I > ln A AVlckcil Itrokcr Clara
Delta's Letter.
YOKK , Juno 10. [ Correspondence
of the BII : : . ] Whun high lifu visllcs to
lisport itself at homo and all ordinary
means are exhausted , It lituls a way by
iihtitutiiig a fair iu aid of a charity. Such
in event and a successful one of its kind ,
joth financially and socially , occurred
his week at one of the way uptown man
sions , where the city lias not eaten up
ho lawns with hotels and apartment
iotiM > 3. Fancy articles weru sold in
) ooths under the trees , refreshment
ablcs were scattered invitingly about on
ho crass , and catch penny games
abounded everywhere. One of the most
ittraetivo features of thocVcnt was a sale
of veiled statuary. Dark cambric cur-
alns shut oil'a portion of the long ver
andah , and when they were drawn
aside seven figures wrapped in white and
completely masked were exposed. The
gentleman who played the auctioneer
was clad in his dress suit , .ami it was : v
surprising fact that several other guntlc-
nen present were in full evening dress
n spitu of thu fact that the entertain-
nent was expected to como to an end
at about sundown. The auctioneer with
moro or less successful attempts at
minor described the statues as a repre
sentation of the classic goddesses and
offered thorn for sale ono after another.
Kidding on the first began at $1 and
mounted rapidly by dollar jumps to $9 ,
then by half-dollar bids to $11 , at which
mcc it was knocked down. The gen
tleman maidmr the purchase paid his
money and feeelved n ticket with a num-
jor correspoVdeing to tlio card held in
he hand otV ho statue. The next statue
wrought only $0. After that none sold
for less than $10.
Rich Uarikcr Suligmann stood on the
verandah steps watching the transactions
with an amused smile. When number
ivc was put up he started the bidding
with a loud five dollars. Somebody im
mediately bid six , and Mr. Scligmann
Followed with a determined ten , as if by
that means to shut elF further bidding ,
but two others without any pause what
ever carried thu figure up to thirteen ,
and before tlio banker could recover
from his surprise it was knocked down.
Tliu result was that when number six
was put up Mr. Scligmann bid ten , and
when utter a moment somebouy ventured
a bid of eleven , he exclaimed fifteen. No
one competed with him at that figure
ami liu secured the ticket. When it was
all over the purchasers were requested to
come up and remove their property. The
man who had been so anxious to get
number live found that it was
NOTHING HUT A UUOOM imcssno ur
with a sheet and a mask , and
Mr. Scligmann turned pale. Uut
he was correspondingly rejoiced to
find that in escaping tliu dummy
he had secured onu of the handsomest
young ladies of the day , and the quantity
of strawberries and cream , and the knickknacks -
knacks that lie bought for her out of his
great joy would not bear mentioning.
Number live was the only dummy , and
money poured freely into the treasury
coilurs from the pockets of the pur
chasers , for it was part of the duty ot the
statues to insist on being treated. Strik
ing amusement was conducted by a hand
some girl. It was cailed"Aunt Sally."and
thn fun and money lay in throwing clubs
at the wooden face of an old I woman
stucK on the end of a stick at a distance
of about fifteen feet. Ten clubs for ten
cents , and the person breaking the great
est number of clay pipes thrust into Aunt
Sally's nose during the afternoon was
entitled to a big box of candy. Every
young aud every gallant old man was led
up to thn sacrifice and made to expend
s money in the vain attempt to secure
for his favorite lady the prize box. It
proved no easy task to break a pipe. Men
and women both tried it. The club
would bo swung with the utmost appear
ance of accuracy , and thrown with great
determination only to fall several feet
short of its mark or go flying away above
it. The young man who got the prize did
so on a record of nine pipes broken , nnd
to do so he had to spend nearly live dollars
lars iu clubs , more than twice as much
us the candy would have cost him at a
storo. But he had his fun and the spec
tators had more of it.
The sacrifices women make for their
husbands an ; manifold , but it is doubtful
if any wife endured a more unpleasant
ordeal th ! n Mrs. Grovcr Clovdland dur
ing her Adriondack trip , if the region
could bo rid-of biting tilings , and if de
cent roads ctHllil bo made , it would bo a
blissful johfnVy to go'to them and abide
a while ; but the awful , springless carts ,
the boulders sunk in mud they call
"carrys , " which have to be tramped , nnd
the inuumcrabln insects , maku life for a
woman a nightmare. The miles of rail
way and steamboat travel that land you
at thn spot whcro you go into the wilder
ness are pleasant enough , but farewell ,
vain world , when you leave them. Your
troubles , like a young bear's , are all be
fore you. A day perhaps ( it depends on
whether Paul Smith's , the Upper Sara-
mic. Knob Luke or still remoter points
form your destination ) must be spent in
springlcss wagons on corduroy roads.
Then you taktf little boats , loaded usu
ally to tliu gunwales with your expensive
outfit. Von hardly ilarp to snee/.o for fear
of upsetting the lilting , water-logged
craft. You sit up in the sun without a
straw to case your back , till your liver
pin hurts you and your spinal column Is
a vertabral chronicle of misery. Then
you stcor your bark into a crook ending
in a muddy bank , where a wretched cart
and an ox take up your boat , and you
follow meekly behind. Hero you begin
to understand what thu beauty of thu
primeval forest must have been ; and1 you
only wonder that Eve didn't construct
her" petticoat of block tin instead of fig
leaves. There is a steady , unsatisfied ,
ciuuiiballbtie appetite connected with
T11K AUIlIONIIAfK MOS < jriTO ,
unknown to thu Jersey kind , or the every
day country skeuter. Ho can eat earlier ,
oftener , and more of it , than any other
specie.
There is tlio indigenous citizen called
the black fly , small and eager , with a big
mouth. He takes chunks out of you , and
.sits , while you howl , in a near by
huckleberry bush , uata his piece ,
and positively smiles. There is
no known beast so distractingly -
ingly unbearable as the awful black fly.
Then conies that infinitesimal terror , tlio
midco. Almost invisible is this pigmy
instrument of torture , but drcadtul in
his ravages. The only remedy for the
mosquito is to live like thu Man in thu
Iron Mask under a cauo of bars , over
which netting is spread and carefully
tied down upon your shoulders. The
refuge from thu black tly is in tar and oil ,
a compound which creeps and slips upon
your cuticle , provoking an unbearably
tickling beiisiition. The only known euro
for the midge is found in suioku and lota
of it. To escape thu midges you build
tw0 smudges several feet a part nnd sit be
tween them till thu condition of a ham is
Httlo worse than .your own. No woman
can bo happy in this society , nnd that is
the sort of thing Mrs. Cleveland had for
the days shu stayed in thu wilderness and
baited hooks for ( trover ,
No matter what time you reach the
Adnondacks , there is always the ono
story told to you. There has been fo
mucli rain that the trout won't rise , or
there has been so minh something else
that thu deer nro shy , and so you eat salt
pork and a nativu slap-jack called "choke
dogs , " and think with grief of your far
away comfortable home , and with tre
pidation of thu siillering that must be en
dured In retracing your steps. How hard
we work to enjoy ourselves. Everyone
knows who trius the so-called pursuits of
pleasure. Uut the most melancholy
heart-rending form of enjoyment Is go
ing to the Adriondaeks , and Mrs. Franees
Cleveland deserves a great deal of crudit
for her martyrdom.
Thu district messenger boys of Now
York are daily becoming sharper and
more untrustworthy. Every precaution
has to bu takun in dealing with them.
They consider the persons who employ
them as their peculiar prey. A lady had
the bad luck to stop on her diamond bar
pin and break the fastening. She rang
for a messenger boy , and sat down to
wrlto a note that the boy could mall on
Ills way to thu jeweler. As she was di
recting thu envelope the boy entered.
"Tako that" she said , extending the
pin. and never looking up. as she fin
ished the superscription , intending to
add "to the juwelur's at the corner and
wait for it. "
lint the small tough , not much higher
than the table , broke in before she could
finish her sentence with : "How much
do you want to gut on it ? "
Thu astonished lady looked at
Tim LITTI.K lU'KKIAN
in amazement. "How much do I want
to get on it ? " she repeated.
"Yes ; you wants mo to pound it , don't
very"
"Pound it ? Mcrey no. 1 just stepped
on it and havu broken the pin. "
"That don't spilo the sparkle ; I guess
yer kin git twenty cases on it. "
"Why. boy , what are you talking
about ? "
"Oh , como olTI Der yer want mo to
hock it. or don't yer ? What's yer
racket * "
The lady called for help. She had heard
that the insane possessed unnatural
strength and though this young cub
didn't weigh ninetysho couldn't tell
what he might do if he was as crazy as
lie talked. It was not until the servant
acted as interpreter that the hoodlum
was made to understand the brooch waste
to go to a jeweler to bo ropairnd , instead
of a pawnbroker's shop ; but the boy explained -
plained that most all the ladies who
sent such things by him "was spontors
and was raisin' the wind on their supers
an' sparkles. " *
A double lifcd gentleman who has a
wholesome fear of his spouse , but a love
of other pretty women used a messenger
boy as thu Mercury to fly between him
and his Venus. For several months' ' the
lad carried notes and presents to the lady
love. In his leisure moments ho looked
up his client's record , and put himself m
possession of much useful knowledge.
The other day he presented himself at
the gentleman's office nnd asked that as
tounded individual what ho thought it
was worth to know as much as ho did of
a broker's private life ? A mad hornet is
a mild creature compared to that man ,
but thu boy had him.
"I know whcro it'll fetch a good
price , " said he impudently.
"I shall expose you to the company ,
and prosecute you for blackmail" tremu
lously retorted the old man.
"Oh , no , I guess not. "
Thu old broker effected n settlement ,
but how long will it last ? The lad will
break out on him again to a ccrtaiuty-any
boy who will start into business as early
ns that onu is going to live and keep at
it. CLAIM. BELLI : .
o
A STOEY OF A PASS.
[ I7ie / ollnirfiiunniwioiig / ronf/tfjuffon inrow
thcvtiKil a icell-h noum Minnesota editor. ]
"There ain't no use in being a patriot ,
no more , " said a classical member from
the Upper Minnesota , as ho wiped the
hard-earned reputation for sweating
labor off his intellectual expanse at thu
Merchants hotel dining room , addressing
some granger compatriots , just after the
last meeting of the state alliance execu
tive committee.
"What's that ? " asked E. H. Atwood ,
member of the aforesaid executive com
mittee , and who is rapidly developing
into a dignified , Fathcr-of-his-country
style of statesman.
"Up in my section , " said iho classical
member , continuing his serious tone , "I
haint never had my call to repeat my
say so not yot. Hut 1 say , there ain't no
use in being a patriot no more. It's an
awful dcprussin' line of business , just
now. "
"I don't see why , " said the member
from Maine Prairie , who has a solemn
appreciation of the responsibility at
taching to his official position , and who
hud been anxiously scanning recent rail
road rate tables with an oce to getting
onto tlio railroad commission with both
feet ho and Eric Olson. Ho had also
witnessed witli unadulterated alarm the
disposition of the patriotic business in
the case of Gibbs , Myers and Stordock ,
and retains a glimmuring ray of hope
that there may bo compensation still left
for honest servitors of the human race.
Hence the incredulity. The classical
member continued :
"Don't you see , this has been an era of
big crops of oliice.s. Now normal school ,
new insane asylum , new prison , now re
form school , now commissioners , new
warden , now every darned thing under
the sun. liig pay for big men , Uut big
men all found. Hailroad rates was high ,
and now they're a going down. Lumber
is cheap , 'dudb' is cheap , talk Is cheap.
Everything is going to the demnltion
bow-Vows. There is moru patriots than
there is wheat , and they got some moro
of 'em to bo put in the big boons there's
too cussed much smartness overproduction
tion of lingo. "
"Uut homo one must speak for the pee
ple. If everybody Mays at homo and
docs nothingJay Gould and Jim Hill
would soon water all the stock in
Minnesota , and run thu wind-mill com-
panics out of business , " said the Maine
prairie statesman , who Is not averse to
having his little joko.
"Yes , but I can give you n straight
furrow on a casu where patriotism wasn't
no good. This here furrow was cut with
u double gang plow.und is straight goods ,
and never went out on a strike , liuck-
man gave it to him , ho got it from Flynn ,
Postluthwaito gave it to him. Uuckiuan
gave it to Postlcthwaitc , and Jim Hill
gave U to mu , so I got it straight , and
don't you forget it. Uut don't you give
it away to Myers , 'oattso ho don t want to
know anything from Jim Hill unless
Miku Doran spits on it.
"Oneo on u timothis ( is no darned fairy
story , but actually happened once at a
time , ) in tlio fall of Anna Damminmo
1880 , the Hon. James J. Hill wrote a
all''ctionute epistle , saying , says hn :
JsT. I'Ai'L , Nov. au , Ib-sfi. Senator Inde
pendent M. Smith. Serai > | ivllle , Minn : .My
m-ar Senator Noticing fti how you navu ile-
fealcil that soiiolaKiinhat trli'd to beat
vou for ntllco In whlcli you are kroliij , ' to he a
blf , ' nun , 1 tnko 1'roat pleasure In Immllnu'
\ou niv nu-itebnanl. extra ni/e , warranted to
kill the bird that Illes tlio hldicst. ( inod on
all lines. Como 111 and bee me. Your obedi
ent bervant. UON. JAMIS. : ) . HIM. ,
Hy Cetieral Pass Airunt.
t "You sou it was made up awful purty.
It was a juwhharp with threu prongs , to
Smith ; and whun h'j oCiii-d ] tlut letter
and saw that pass he just jumped up ami
down ami got up into his fourteen-story
intellect and viewed the ozuruajrat clo u
connection. Then ho coma down out !
the ground floor again and sets down
and writes , Says ho : ,
'SKitAPiivn.LK , Nov. 81 , IbSfl. James J/
Hill , KSIJ : Dear Sir Your letter ntiii b
check ate to hand. 1 slmll refer tliu matter
to my constituent : ) . Respectfully ,
SKXATOII I , M. SMITH. '
"Then ho wont out into his store roonf/ /
where ho runs a farmers' alllaneo with
the grangers and their wives in the day
time. and a theological seminary with
thu viil.igo kids at night. And he showed
everybody in the nllianco ( which was iu
session at that time of day ) Hill's love-
letter and Ills reply , and said ho won *
dered if Hill thought ho could buy him/ '
And then ho went out and hitched up hi *
dunged old buokboard , nnd drove out'to '
Danetown tp see his constituent ! ) . And
ho got n lot of 'cm out to the school
house and got 'em to elect a president
nnd secretary , and then ho proceeded to
respond. Says ho :
Ladles and ( luntlonicn : This Is tlio most
momentous moment of my life. U wns snlit
of ( leorKC Washington that corruption fled
at his miproru'ii. Hut wlutt's a limn goln to
do when the dm nod thlni : does nil thu n ] > -
pioarlilu-V 1 come bcte.ro you to-night. I
thank ( foil , a senator In the InK lnturo oC
the Krentstnte of Mltineso-tnlil 1 came bo-
fnru you Ipausu ) conscious ol the rectitude !
ot your iood Intentions. When you elected
me senator for ( lie gicnt state of Minnesota I
you elected mo becausu you thought > ou
oiuhtto ; ; becnuso you thounlit , when you
thought of t' o vine-clad hills of Norway ,
that this creat state needed a David to save
t from this blK I'hillstlno of monopoly.
[ Applause. ) Because you thought , \shcn
you tliouuht of the bouir.llus * 110117011 of tlio
west , that perhaps Smith could do the bus I- '
ness for you. ( Immense anplausuj Itc-
cau o you tlioiiKlit when you thought of tlio
when you thought of the thoucht youl
thought ahem when you thought , you' '
know , if you ever thought of but awny
with the thought you knew that Smith was
thu man to buck the tiger Hmmciiso excite- '
nicntl to all I to bo.ud Uio lion , as It were ,
In his den. \ oti knew that you had a Danles
como to Judge you. You knew that whether
the JUR or not crushed you under the bloody
Iron wheels of destiny , that 1
would lleo from tlio wrath to como
and spread oil across thn waters. 1 hold
In my muids an epistle front the popoof St.
1'aul. [ linmeiisn agitation , ! He oilers to
buy mol MI : I MK1 Your senator In tlio great
state ot Minnesota I Khali 1 accept a brlbu ?
I Cries of "No ! Noll" | Then 1 say No I a
thousand times , Nell Ills scorpion breath ;
utilises your wheat Holds , Imrvestntos youc
grain and cereals , and demonstrates your
horses and cattle. | Shuddering groans , f He
figures up your bank account [ wild excite
ment ] , and takes olT nnd puts on what kind
ol figures ho wants. Is It wrong to take out
of him all wo can get ? Ain't It ours ? Ain't
wo just getting bacK our own ? 1 leave It tA
your voice. Shall 1 keep the pass or not ?
( Mingled cries of "Keep it" nnd No."J
Now , gentlemen , I leave It all to you. If yon
say keep It , keep It she is. If you say return
It , back she goes. Uut 1 pay SHOO a year
freight on groceries nnd dry goods over this
roan. This will make my expenses light.
Light expenses make cheap goods. Cheao
goods , rich farmers , big houses , big barns ,
big herds. It Is all In your hands , gentlemen.
Shall I keep the pnss ? that is the question.
Those In favor of the pass rise and bo
counted. Seventeen. 1 believe every ono ol
you gentlemen supported Smith for bunaton
Those opposed , snmo altrn. Gentlemen , the
motion Is carried. This convinces mo how
soon the Scandlvavlan becomes a clnooinq
American. The convention Is adjourned
slnydlo.
"And in the mortifying hours of thd
night ho mounted Ins I'ligassus , and
blessed his starry top-lights lor being1
senator for so intellectual a constituency.
And ho swept thu hemisphere with the
hyenas of monopoly. And ho went out
and made some soundings , and heaved
ui ) Atlantis , and in duo time towed the
old wreck into St. Paul , as an evidence of
what too much watcrin' will do.
"And then there was a long distance of
silence between himself and the hyenas , S
and the hyenas sort o' cleaned him out at \
It. lint the senator blinked them , or.
rather , bearded the lion in his den. And
he went home from the halls of legisla
tion with his ollicious trust executed , with
n bustin' breast , and n climbing "Lxcel-
sior" round his hat , and got tlio brass
band to toot him into the bosom of a
proud and neglected , but happy family
the big gun of Scraphvillc , till some other
gun goes off , 'cause its tliu powder what
( iocs the work. And after ho had been to -Jl
home awhile , lie gets this kind of a epis
tle :
'Sr. PAVI , March 14 , 1S87. Dy Dear Sen
ator : My heart Is broke. Single misfortunes
never como alone. L st November 1 sent you a
piece ot our best four-plv pasteboard. It was
for a Christmas gift. Uut the halls of legis
lation Is airalnst us. I guess niebby you had
better send back the pass. I understand the
masses Is opposed1 to your keeping It. Your
grler stricken servant , JA.MKS J. IIiu. .
'P. S. Kates Is rlz lately on short hauls.
Olson Is onto the commission , nnd the com
missioners are onto me. Got no specials , but
have liled your letter. J. J. 11.
' | Dletated.J'
"For two days Smith was wild with
suppressed patriotism. Then he had his
bran new female type-writer to write this
hero thing :
"SiiiAriiviM.B : , March IS , 1887 James J ,
Hill , Esq. Sir : Your letter Is to hand.
Things Is come to a pretty pass. If 1 were
to pass this thing by In silence my posterity
would rise In their graves and shako their
bony fingers nt me. Sir , I consider your at
tempt to throw the odor of this confiscation
onto other people ns a public outrage. Them
asses nt Danetown nnd Seraphville long ngo
ratified my conduct In ncccptlnif this pass ,
and 1 owe nothing to any one elso. Your
conduct , sir , Is apprehensible. Uut 1 shall
leave you to the torturing of your own con
science , nnd to bo judged In the great here
after by perhaps a greater judge than me.
Respectfully ,
SKNATOU INDEPENDENT M. SMITH. '
"And some way or other the masses at
Danetown and Scraphvillo heard that ho
had called them n lot of asses , and they
burnt him iu efligy , and accused him of
going over to the monster monopoly.
And he's all gene to pieces because InH
neighbors call him Deacon Perhaps , and
because that typo-writer spaced his words
wrong. No , sir , patriotism is no good ;
at rate since the inter-state
any not - com
merce law como in. "
And Atwood chows his cud seriously ,
to think how slender a thread fate works
with , and how foolish men are to cut ofr
their own occupation.
Where the Dead arc Hurled.
The Jtiponcso deck with lloworsthoir
"eternal mansion ; " and the Turks per
forate the monumental slabs spread on
these who shall see no more , in order
tiiat a natural bloom shall sprint : up
through the apertures , and that thu buds
so nourished by the grave and set fruo to
thu winds of heaven , shall shed thulr
fragrance and strew their petals around
the Moslem's "city of silence. " The
western traveler gazes with deep sympa
thy upon the graves of the Chinese ; it IB
n simple , conical mound of earth , but
over it spread and twine wild roses
ami cover it with n mass of pure
white blossoms ; or , it is crowned in sim Jr.
ple majesty with a tall plant of waving Jr.ft
grass. It is pleasing to note , however , [ ft
while of of"
speaking this subject by way
contrast , thar in our American cities ,
whuro formal cemeteries with unneces
sarily largu and meaningless monuments
were the rule , there is developing a
strong desire to bury thuir dead where
woods unfold their masuivo foliagi : and
brcathu tin air of heaven , and that , thulr
butter tubto has made the green grove
and velvet lawn , with its hcuuliful Mow
ers , swuct as heavenly censors briialhinir ,
more .sucred to the memory of thosu who
nro gonu to the realms of peaco.tlian any
devices of human hands. West Chester
( Pa , ) Republican.
Professor \ . L.Jacimossm , of Chicago ,
has written thu Lord's pr.iyur within a
round space no longur than the end of n
common lund pencil. When it is con
sidered that iho pniyur consists of vM !
Litters , ten of which nru capitals , and fif
teen marks of puiitimtlon , th < ! act of the
Viuniiiifcu professor in writing forty-two
French words ( of nil-named luimtli'iipon
a grain of wheat is frouie.wlr.il thrown
into tin ) shade. The writing was done
without the aid of a gla , and can easily
bo rewl with thu naked e.yo.