JO THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUNDAY AUGUST 20 , 1886.-TWELVli3 PAGES.
LABOR'S LATE UPHEAVAL ,
The Second Chapter of Andrew Carnegie's
Article on the May Strikes-
SOME GAINS AND LOSSES.
Tlio Itrlubt and Dark Hide of Profit ,
awl Co-operation
Sun Mini ; Out or
Aniii-ulilslii ,
tir.ti ruo.M LAST srMivv'i m-r..l :
The literature called forth by the ie-
cenl excitement is propoiidoratiiigly
lavorablo to co-operation , or profit-shar
ing , as the only true remedy for all dls-
ptili.i between labor and capital. My
April arlirlc lias been criticised because
it relegated that to the future ; but the
advocates of this plan should weigh well
the fact that the majority of enterprises
are not profitable ; that most men who
embark in business fail ; indeed , it is
Htated that only live In every hundred
miccccd , and that , with the exception of
a few wealthy and partially retired man
ufacturers , and a very few wealthy cor
porations , men engaged in business
affairs are in the midst of an anxiousand
unceasing struggle to keep their heads
above water. How lo pay maturing obli
gations , how to obtain cash lor the pay
ment of their men , how to procure orders
or how to sell product , and , in not a few
instances , how to induce their creditors
to 1)0 ) forbearing , are the problems which
tax the minds of business men during the
dark hours of night when their employes
arc asleep. 1 attach less and less value
to the teaching of those doctrinaires who
sit in their coxy studies and spin theories
concerning the relations between capital
and labor , and set before us divers high
ideals. The banquet to which they invite
the workingman when they propose in
dustrial co-operation is not yet quite pre
pared , and would prove lo mosl of those
who aeeepled the invitation a Harmecido
feast. Taken as a whole , tlio condition
of labor to-day would not bo benefited ,
but positively injured , by co-operation.
Let mo point out , however , to the ad
vocates of profit-sharing that ample
opportunity already exists for workingmen -
men lo become part owners in almost any
department of industrialism , without
changing present relations. The great
railway corporations , in all cases , as well
as the greal manufacturing companies
generally , are stock concerns , with shares
of fifty or a hundred dollars each , which
are bought and sold daily in the market.
Not an employe of any of these but can
buy any number of shares , and thus par
ticipate in the dividends and in the inan-
ngement. That capital is a unit is a pop
ular error. On the contrary , it is made
up of hundreds and thousands of small
component parts , owned for the most
part by people of limited means. The
Pennsylvania railway proper , for in
stance , which embraces only the ! ! 30
miles of line between I'ittsburg and Phil
adelphia , is to-day owned by 10 JHOshare-
liohlers. in lots of from one hfty-dollar
.share upward. The New York Central
railway , of ! ! > ( ) miles , between New York
and Hullalo , belongs not to one , or two ,
several but to 10-l shareholders
or capitalists , , - 18
holders , of whom about one-third are
"Women and executors of estates. The
onliro railway system of America will
.show n similar wide distribution of
ownership among the people. There are
but three railway corporations in winch
the great capitalists hold a considerable
jnterest , and the interest in two of these
is held by various members of a family ,
iind in no case does it amount to the con
trol ot the whole. In ono of these very
cases , the Now York Central , as we nave
Keen , there are more than ten thousand
owners.
Steel-rail mills , with only one excep
tion , show a like stale of affaire. Ono of
them belongs lo lilo shareholders , of
whom 7 are employes , U3 are estates and
f > 7 are women. Another of these concerns
is owned by ! ! 02 stockholders , of whom
101 are women , 29 are estates , represent
ing an ntiAiiown number of individuals ,
anil 'JOaro employes of the company. A
large proportion of tlie remaining own
ers _ are small holders of comparatively
limited means , who have , from time to
time , invested their savings where they
liad confidence both as to certainty of
income and safety of principal. The
Mcrrinmc Manufacturing company ( cot
ton ) , of Lowell , is owned by B.ftOO share
holders , of whom -i'J per cenl , are holders
ot ono share , 21 per cent of two , and 10
percent of three shares. Twenty-seven
per cent are holders of over three shares ,
mid not less than yi3 per contof the whole
Block is held by trustees , guardians and
executors of obarituble , religious , educa
tional and linancial institutions ,
I have obtained similar statements
from other concerns which need not bo
published. They prove without exception
that from one-fourth to one-third of the
number of shareholders in corporations
are women and executors of estates. The
number of shareholders I have given are
those of record , each holding a separate
certificate. Hut it is obvious , In the case
of executors , that this one certificate may
represent n dov-on owners. Many certifi
cates issued In the name of a linn repre
sent several persons , while shares hold
by a corporation may represent hundreds ;
but If we assume Hint every cortilicato of
stock issued by the Ponnsyhania Rail
road company represents only two own
ers , which is absurdly under the truth ,
it follows that , should oyory employe of
that great company quarrel with it , the
contest would be not against a few , but
against n much larger body than they
themselves constitute. It is within tlio
mark to say that every striking employe
would oppose his personal Interest
against that of three or four other mem
bers of the community. The total num
ber of men employed by the Pennsylva
nia Railroad company is 18,1)11 ) not us
many as there arosharoholdursof record.
And what i.s true of I lie Pennsylvania
Hallway company is true of tlio railway
system as a whole , and , in a greater or
less degree , of mining and manufactur
ing corporations generally. When one ,
therefore , denounces great corporations'
for unfair treatment of their men , hj is
not denouncing the act of some monster
capitalist , but that of hundreds and
thousands of small holders , scarcely one
of whom would bu a parly to unialr or
illiberal treatment of the workingman ;
the majority of them. Indeed , would bo
found on his side , and , as wo have seen ,
many of the owners themselves would bo
worklngmon. Labor has only to bring
its just grievances to the attention ot
owners to secure fair and liberal treat
ment. The "great capitalist" is almost a
myth , and exists In any considerable
number or degree only in the heated im-
nginaUoii of tlio uninformed. Aggregate
capital In railway corporations consists
of many more individuals than it em
ploys.
ollowing the labor disturbances there
mo the mad work of a handful of for-
ign anarchists in Chicago and Mil
waukee , who thought they saw in the ex
citement n lilting opportunity to execute
their revolutionary plans , Although labor
is not justly chargeable with their doings ,
nevertheless the cause of labor was tem
porarily discredited in public opinion by
these outbreaks , The promptitude with
which ono labor organization after an
other not only disclaimed all sympathy
with riot ami disorder , but volunteered
to enroll itself Into armed force for tin
maintenance of order , should not be over
looked by the student of labor problem *
desirous of looking justly at the qnesti < i
from the laborer's point of view. It I
another convincing proof , if further proo
were necessary , that whenever the peaei
of this country is seriously tlircatenni
the masses of men , not only in the pro
fesslons and in thi ) edneated classes , bu
down to and through the verv lowes
ranks of industrious workers , are deter
mined to maintain it. A survey of lln
lield , now that peace is restored , give
the result- follows :
1. The "dead line'1 has been delinltel ;
lived between the forceof disorder an !
an lire hy and those of order. Homb
throwing means swift death lo tin
thrower. Rioters assembling in number
and marching lo pillaire will be remorse
los.-ly shot down ; not by the order of !
government aiiovi ; the people , not bi
overwhelming .standing armies , not b.i
troops brought from a distance , but bj
' .ho masses ot peaceable and orderly cill
stuns of nil classes in their own commit
nily , from the capitalist ( { own to and in
eluding the steady workingman. whosi
combined inlluenee constilutes that irre
SBtiblo force , under democratic instuu
lions , known as public sentiment , Tim
sentiment has not only supported tin
ollicials who shot down ( li.sturbers of tin
peace , but has extolled them in proportion
tion to the pronii > tiludc.of their action ,
U. Another proof of the indestrueli
bilhy of human .society , and of its deter
niination and power to protect itself fron
every danger as it arises and to keo |
marching forward to higher states of de
velopment , has been given in Judge Mai
lory's words : "Every pei > on who conn
Mils , hires , procures , or incites others t <
the commission of any unlawful or crim
inal act , is equally guilty with those win
actually perpetrate ibo act , though suel
pel Mm may not have been present at tin
time of the commission of the oll'ensc.1
The diU'erenee between liberty am
license of speech ia now clearly defined
u great uain.
! l. It has likewise been clearly showi
that public sentiment sympathi/.es will
Ihe ellbrls of labor to obtain from capita
a fuller recognition of its position am
ch'iins ' than has hitherto been accorded
And in this expression , "a fuller recogni
tion , " I include not only pecuniary com
pensation , but what 1 conceive to be ever
more important to-day a greater consideration
oration of the workingman as a man am !
a brother. I trn. > l the time has gone b
when corporations can hope to work
men fifteen or sixteen hours a day. And
the time approaches , I hope , when itwili
he impossible in Ibis cruntry to worli
men twelve hours a day continuoml.y.
I. While public sentiment has rightl.y
and unmistakably condemned violence- -
oven in the form for which there is the
most excuse , I would have the public
give duo consideration to the torribh
temptation to which the workingman on
a strike is sometimes .subjected. To c.X'
poet that one dependent upon his dail.v
wage for the necessaries ot life will stantl
by peaceably and see a new man emPloyed -
Ployed in his stead is to expect much ,
Plus poor man may have a wile and chil
dren dependent upon his labor. Whether
medicine for a sick child , or even nour
ishing food for a delicate wife , is procur
able , depends upon his steady employ
ment , fn all but a very few department.- :
of labor it is unnecessary , and , I think ,
improper , to subject men to .such an
ordeal. In the case of railways and a
few other employments it is , of course ,
essential for the public wants thai no
interruption occur , and in such case sub
stitutes must be employed ; but tlio em
ployer of labor will Iind it much more lo
Ins interest , wherever possible , to allow
his works to remain idle and await the
result of a dispute , than to nniploy the
i-liiss of men that can be induced to take
the place of oilier men wiio have stopped
worlc. Neither the best men as men , nor
the best , men as workers , are thus to bo
obtained. There i.s an unwritten law
iimong tlio best workmen : "Thou shall
not take thy neighbor's job. " No wise
Jinployer will lightly lose his old om-
idoycs. Length of service counts for
much in many ways. Calling upon
itrango men should be the last resort
5. The results of the recent disturb-
uiccs have given indubitable proof that
: rades-unions must , in their very nature ,
jucoine moro conservative than the mass
) f the men they represent. If they fail
: o evolve the conservative element , they
jo to pieces through their own extrava
gance. 1 know of three instances in
ivhicli threatened strikes were recently
ivortod by the decision of the master
workman of the Knights of Labor , sup
ported by the best workmen , against the
wishes of the less intelligent memborsof
.hat organization , R 'presentalive insti-
utions eventually bring to the front the
ddest and most prudent men , and will
> o found as beneficial in tlio industr.al as
: hey have proved themselves to bu in the
political world. Leaders of thostampof
Mr. Powdorly , Mr. Arthur , of the Hroth-
irhood of locomotive Engineers , and
Messrs. AVihlo and Martin , of the Amal
gamated Iron and Steel association , will
; idn and retain power ; while such as the
radical and impulsive Mr , Irons , if nt
irst clothed with power , will soon lose it.
Tims , as Iho result of the recent revolt ,
iveseo advantages gained by both capital
mil labor. Capital is moro secure bo-
: auso of what has been demonstrated ,
mil labor will hereafter bo moro respect-
idly treated and its claims moro caro-
'ullv considered , in deference to an
uvakoned public opinion in favor of the
aborer. Labor won while it was reason-
iblo in its demands and Kept tlio peace ;
t lost when it asked what public scnti-
uent pronounced unreasonable , and es-
> ocially when it broke the peace.
The disturbance is over and peace
ipain reigns ; but lot no ono bo unduly
thinned at frequent disputes between
iapitat and labor. Kept within legal
units , they are encouraging symptoms ,
or they betoken the desire of the work-
lignum to better his condition , and upon
lus desire hang all hopes of advance-
nont of the masses. It is the stagnant
> eel of contentment , not the running
troam of ambilion , that broods disease
n the body social and political. The
vorkingmon of this country can no moro
10 induced to sanction riol ami disorder
ban can any other class of the commit-
illy. Isolated cases of violence * under
Irons : provocation may break out upon
ho surface , but the body underneath is
ound to the core , and resolute for the
mdnteminco of order.
For the first time within my knowledge
he loading organs of public opinion in
v.ngland have shown a more correct up-
irooiallon of the forces at work in the
epublio than some of our own despond *
ml writers. The London Daily News
laid truly that "tho territorial democracy
if America can be trusted to deal with
ueh outbreaks. " and the Dally Tela-
jnipli spoke as follows :
'There is no need for any fear to bo
mtortamod lost the law-broak'ers of Chi-
ago should got the better of the police ,
ma , if it bo necessary to Invoke their
ild , of the eitly.ons of that astonishing
roiing city. Frankly speaking , Micfi
joters would have a better chance of in-
imidaling Hirmingham than ot over-
iwing Chicago. St. Louis or New York ,
n dealing with the insurants of this
( lass the record of the great republic Is
'ingidarlv ' clear. "
Not only the democracy , but the Indus-
nous workingmen , of which the domoc-
' ! lP/i , 3SlvnrpQly composed , have amply
iilti led the Haltering predictions of our
-nghsh friends , and may safely bo
rusted in the future to stand firmly for
ho mtunlonaucu of peace ,
A vein of free gold , six foot wide , has
> cen struck m the Huby mine , on the
iast side of tlio Magdalena ridge in
ocorro county , N. M. , which lias caused
> rush ot prospectors to that section , and
luims have boon taken up for miles
round the mine lu every direction.
TFRRIR1F F\PFU1F\TF
A iLUullJLL LAI LlllLiiLL
Upper Five : The Story of tv Slecpiug-Cn
Conductor.
AN UNCOMMITTED CRIME
llniniirsc Impels n Flight An-osi Hi
Horiler A StnrtlliiK lint Gratify
Ins ' 1 ci'iiuiKUloli.
Why I loft the Pullman car service-
says a writer in the San Francisco Chrou
icie at 11 o'clock nt night tit a wr.te
lank in Middle Aruonn will also oxplah
why , although I am not yet ; ! . " > years old
my nervous system is shatteredmy healtl
wrecked , and even my mind so all'cctci
thai now and Ihcn my ideas got uiicoup
led in a curious way and go riinnln ;
wild all over the division and break inu
sidings where they have no business t (
be. The doctor says I must have had i
bad I : 11 some time and perhaps takei
too much bromide of potassium since
but I know belter , it is all on account o
"upper live. " 1 was a conductor on tin
Southern Pacific system at the lime i
happenedand my run was from Tucson
A. T. , to Los Anjioles. Old tourists wil
rememl or my car. It was the ( irenad.i
Mosl men say the business I.s a dog's life
but I own I rather liked it. A sleeping
ear i.s a proscenium box in the theater 01
lito. Single acts of everybody's lillli
drama- ; are continually played before
one. I'e Mile become naturally unro
for veil ai.d communicative on a train ,
You got down beneath Ihe surface
Iheir peculiarities are laid bare , ll.eli
oddilus stand out liKe lumps , you sec
Iheir hopiM , disappointments , prejudices ,
likes and dislikes , and feel before UK
end ( if thedh ( don a.s it you had known
them for years , This was particularly
trio : of a car load wo carried out of Tuc
son one certain day in August. I re
member we had a bridal party on board ,
two 01 * tine ) ( frummor.s , a couple ol
stockmen f i oni "tho Nation , " and what
1 especially iMtiolloet a portly old gen
tleman named. Hliss and a widow mimed
Paxton , who was tiaveling with her in
valid daughter , a young lady of about'JO ,
.Mr. Hliss was not in good health him
self and was full of querulous complain
ing. Ho had a dusty voice , little eyes ,
with large pads of fat under them ; and 1
can sec him , sitting exactly in the mid
dle of his seat , growling and gasping ,
with his collar unbuttoned iu front anil
the two ends sticking up like horns on
each side of his face. Airs , and Miss
Paxton were , on the contrary. a--eom-
plished travelers and made the best of
everything. ' 1 he mother was a pleasant ,
grave , old-fashioned la ly , and the
daiighler a sweet faced , hollow-eyed , pa
tient little feather of a girl , who could
not have weighed above e ghty or eighty-
live pounds at the most ,
The wontl.er was scjrchlng. The des
ert of wh to sand was simply a relict t ir
thai threw the sun back into iho lower
air until , when it stirred , it was like a
breath from a furnace. Everybody was
tatto'd witlt the line bi"k ! : cinders , and
hoarse with the dust. The bride was a
night to behold and the cattle-men swore
like piiaies in the smoking room. 15li.s
cursed the nuiiiiigenumt of the roadroot ,
tree and branch , an 1 grimy perspira
tion poured oil him. Toward night the
he.it was still excessive , and I believe it
was about ! ) o'clock when the porter be
gan to make up the berths. The Paxtons
had'soetion 5. There is a dilVereiieo of
opinion among travelers as to the com
forts of lower and upper berths in sum
mer , and a good many hold that the uppers -
pors are the be.-t , as being iua-est the
ventilating windows. This wai tlio
view the ladies took of it , and when the
berths were made up I lifted the invalid
girl in my arms into upper live. I re
member hearing her say good night to
her mother ami telling her sl.e would
sleep woll.
About half an 1 our Inter old Hliss came
tottorintr and swaying into the smoking-
room , where 1 was count ng my tickets.
He was furious. His berth"was lower 7 ,
next to the PaxU in , and lie wanted to
know why the upper berth had boon let
down.
"There is nobody in it , " he sputtered ,
"and it is all foolislme.-s to make it up.
It just makes mine as hot as si bake oven. "
I explained to him that the ruin * re
quired alt disengaged berths to be made
up to a.'commodaie posible local travel.
"Hut nobody's going to gel on in this
dorort , " he insisted testily. "Why can't
you push that one up ? "
" 1 can't do it. " I replied n litt 1-j net
tled , "unless you pay lor it. "
He abused the road , my.self and every
body else incoherently for a while ,
but Iho upshot of the mailer was lie paid
for Iho upper berth , and asked in a surly
voice that it bo put up at once. Hy that
time 1 was pretty mad , and , hurrying
backinti the car , I parted liic curtains ,
unhooked the two wires that hold the
upror beith down , seix.od it by the edge ,
and with one violent push swung it up" in
place. I heard the spring locks click ,
throw the curtains together and returned
to the smoking-room. Meantime Hlis-s
and one of Iho cattlemen had got into ; i
1 olitical discussion , and it was near 11
o'clock before the old follow became too
indignant over some statement as to the
civil service to continue the argument
and wont staggering and pulling out. Ho
returned almost immediately.
"Conductor , " ho wheezed with a sort
of forced calmness , "i thought I bought
that upper berth In my sections"
"So you did , " I replied.
"And you told mo you put it up ? "
"Yes , sir. "
"You did no snob thing ! " ho exclaimed ,
suddenly bursting into n rii'jje ' , "tho in-
forna. tiling has boon down all night , and
is down now , and my berth steaming llkn
a sweat box I ( .Jive mo my money back ! "
"Yo i locked into the wrong b'orth. " 1
replied. "I put that upper back my.self
and nobody's touched it since. "
"I looked into suction seven , " ho said ,
furiously " 1 dm't believe you over
touched it. "
"I just want toshow youth ityou don't
know what you're talking about , " 1 an
swered , loading the way back into the
ear. "Hero is your section. See. " At
this I throw back the curtiins and
stopped dumbfounded. The upper berth
was down and what was more , the wires
diil i.ot appear to have boon touched.
B'iss started to say something in reply ,
when I felt of a sudden as though a bullet
had gone through my heart. A horrible
thought had Hashed across my mind , too
quickly to be shaped in words , The
blood caino throbbing through my nock
in slow , bursting wares , an I moro like a
machine than a man , I stretched opt my
arm and opened the curtains of section
live. The upper berth was shut ,
I had made a mistake Iu a hideous ,
moving tomb , swung like Mahomet's
collln between heaven and earth , 1 had
buried the girl nllvel Fora moment it
scorned as though the arteries of my
throat would burst ; my heart beat with
quick , sharp pangs ; my skin had all the
icy contraction of a sudduii plunge Into
cold water , It was then that asortnf
secondary intelligence scorned to work
within mo , and while my senses reeled
with fear and horror , impelled me to
push up the berth in the old man's sec
tion and get awtvy. I scarcely knew
what I was doing , but Hliss noticed
nothing and grumblingly crawled into the
berth while I hurried out to the platform.
Why did I not open upper iivo ? He-
cause 1 roaH/ed insluutlv that the victim
was Jong before ( load. In a stooping car
spaoo is economized to the inmost extent.
Iho swinging berth fits into space like a
ball in a socket. Tin electricity of tin
mattress and the slight figure of the gir
alone made it possible for me to close i
with her inside , l gave ono haggard lool
: it my watch. Ai | hour and a ba'f Inu
elapsed. . She must have died in the lirs
three or four minutes.
I stood on the stop * and tried ( o think-
but 1 could not'control ' my mind , h
swift defile it pictured lo me the- discov
ery , the blacKened corpse tumbling fron
tin- blankets , the still' lingers elutchint
at nothingness , the mother's shriek , tin
consternation of the passengers , the ex
cited theories , the quick corn-option ol
the truth , the search , the denunciation
the awful machinery of the courts , tin
prison ! Hy si violent elVort I surveyed tin
situation trom several standpoints. Thej
all led to one conclusion Ilight. There
was but one time when I could havi
taken the beuelit of the accident thai
was at once , when 1 made the discovery
anil I reali/.cd the Impossibility of ex
plaining my hesitation These thing-
passed through my mind like Hashes ol
lightning. There was not an instant It :
lose. Mrs. Paxtt.n . might at any moment
awake and call her daiighler. .Ju.-t then
the engine slowed up a Irillo. I saw indistinctly -
distinctly in the gloom that the ground
was level , swung oil'and watched tlicdim
o.illine of the train , carrying its burden
of sleeping life and silent "death , grow
taint and lainler mid disappear into the
night. '
The place where 1 jumped was near a
wider tank. I presently made It out and
walked wide around it to avoid a possible
watchman. 1 knew the lay of the land
in a general way and that I could not be
far from the little town of Mohawk Sum
mit. To gel out of the country the quick
est way povsiblo was my dominant
thought , and old Mexico suggested itself
tit once , 1 realixed that I must avoid the
railroad with its accompanying telegraph
lines , and I started , as nearly as i could
judge , southeast. As I walked along 1
cut the gilt buttons olV my coat and vest
and throw them away. 1 did the same
with my cap and tore the gold braid fio.il
around the brim.
1 MiaU not jro into the details of that
night , nor the many days and nights that
followed it. i was lull of wild regrets at
the course I had taken and saw a million
d ( feets in my plan. With agony I real-
i/ed that my Ilight destroyed the theory
of innocence. J could see'a do/.en way's
thai I mighl have remained upon Ihe car
now lhal it was tou hile. My journey
south was through innumerable hard
ships , and ever-present and sickening
apprehension ( f pur.-ud. In tin ? camps
where hunger drove me it seemed to me
that everybody looked strangely at mo.
If a man turned his head my heart
bounded with panic. Twice I was lost
on the arid , sago-grown plains , and once
I waniiered without water and burning
with fever for two days.
I had $1)4 ) in my pocket when I jumped
from the train , bill when I finally made
my way to Uiiaymas 1 had less than ,10
cents. There 1 was forced lo come into
town and go to work. Tan and tatters
had pretty thoroughly disguised me , but
I was still haunted by the fear of arrest
Jt was u long tune before I could look at
ajiowxpapor' nil , and when 1 linallv
plucked up courage to open one , it was
with the gingerly enutiui of a person
who lilts a garment expecting to Iind a
snake underneath. 1 had a terror of see
ing the details of , a tragedy in print , and
1 believe , much as it might have aided
my escapo.I would npt have bad the moral
courage to read a pajje.rcontaining them.
After a good , many months a great
longing seized mo to sec my own country
again. The adobe houses and the foreign
chatter to which J eoidd never train my
'
tongue wore on mo like a nightmare. 'I
vai miserably poor , but managed to
make my Way to Pasodel Xorto. On Ihe
other .side of the Kio Grande is El Paso ,
the American town , and , although I
never ventured o\0rthe ; sight of visitors
of my own nationality delighted , oxcitcd
and frightened.'mo'by turns. 1 hunt :
about the place' , living from hand to
month , until one day a gr < at event hap
pened.
At Ihe end of the main streel is Ihe
principal curiosity of the town Ihe old
cathedral , it is a venerable pile , built
time out of mind , and falling into delib
erate and respectable rum. The. white
stucco that once covered the walls has
pooled oil'in places and given itan air of
picturesque dilapidation , and inside are
curious elliuics of saints aed the crucified
Christ. In a word , it is the objective
point of all tourists and visitors. 1 was
in this pi ice one afternoon in August ,
half dozing on one of the old carved
benches , when a party of ladies and gen
tlemen came in. Hack of mo was the
holy-water urn , and they were inspecting
it when I looked up. At the sight of one
of the indies I felt as though 1 hail received
a galvanic shock. I tried to rise , but
could not. I shut my eyes and opened
them again to Iind her still there. It was
no hallucination , no apparition , it was
Miss Paxton.
"Why , mamma , " I heard her say"tho
gentleman is u iwell , I believe. "
"Yon are Miss Paxton , " I gasped.
"Yes , sir , " she replied , with a lilllo
start.
"Who was on the Southern Pacific
train going to Los Angeles a year ago ? "
"Yes , sir. " Then she suddonlv turned
and said in a loiv voieu : "Why , I believe
it's the conductor who ran away AVitli
the company's ' money thatnight ! "
"Who rail away with the company's
money ! " It was a construction of my
Ilight 1 had never thought of. 1 con
trolled my impulse to shout out , and
Miiil :
"Were you nol in upper five Hint
night ? "
"Lot mo see , " she replied. " 1 think I
was. _ Yes , I remember , I was in it for
a whilo. and then the jolting made inn
sick and I crawled down with mamma , "
I rushed out of the cathedral like a mad
man , I seemed to walk on air. My past
life appeared as vague and unreal to mo
as the fabric of a dream , I laughed and
cried and went along tlio streels talking
to myself. That night I slept on the
other side of fie river. Perhaps the reaction -
action was lee much for me. for 1 have
not been very well since , and those Ills
of nervousness have pulled me down to
what you see mo to-day. It scorns as if
there were chords twanging and quiver
ing through m now unit then , and that
is when my id la * < 't ' side-traeked and
wild trains go sidling over my mental
railroad. Hut may bm that's the bromide.
A Tunnel from $ wilcu | to Denmark
London Standard : Aloxandrode Hothe.
: in engineer who ha $ been working at
Panama under MI < ln Losseps , has pre
sented to the governments of Denmark
iind Sweden a prbjert for a submarine )
railroad tunnel under the sound between
Copenhagen and1 MiUmo. The tunnel
is to have a tolal lonfirth of t we Ivo kilo
meters , three betwcqn Aniegar and the
small island SalU'ohnon ' , iii.dcr the
Strait Drogden , and nina between Sul-
tlioliiian and Sweden , , The ground to bo
worked much resembles that in the
channel between 'Knglunil and Franco ,
ind is .said to olTer no difliculty to the
xxcciition of the work. The cost of con
struction is calculated to amount
to ap.OOO.OOOf , or i'l.SOO.OCO. The
Swedish government takes a great inter-
jstin the plan , while the Danish at pros-
Jill is keeping somewhat back. Mr. do
liotho entertains sanguine hopes of a
successful result of the negotiations. The
iiiniuil would bo of the greatest import-
nice for the future commercial cornice-
; ion between Sweden-Norway , and later
> n of Russia and the whole continent , as
loaded railroad wagons could then run
from the north of Norway , Sweden , or
I'indland , down to the south of Italy
. protracted constipation
: auses inflammation of tlio bowels , as u
remedy and regulator , use Dr. J II. Mc
Lean's Liver and Kidney Halm.
A ROVER OF THE SEAS
The Adventurous Salem Sailors of th
Early Days ,
CAPTAIN CLEVELAND'S CRUISE *
Stlrrlnj : Mfe ( m tin- Trackless 51ah
anil In 1'lrntp forts of
Lands Suppressing n
Mutiny.
1IP. . Wfttjrntnn //iirprrVi M < iinztnr. (
The best type of the adventurou
Salem sailors will always be Caplan
Hit-hard J. Cleveland. The first instal
mi-lit of his own reminiscences wa
given ii : the North American Review foi
OetoVor. 1827 , and his "Voyages am
Commercial Enterprises' ' were hrst pub
lisbed collectively HI 1812 , and afterwan
reprinted in 1850. There lies before mi
a farther collection of manuscript ex
tracts from his diaries ami letters , ant
tlie same Defoe-like quality rims throtigl
them all. Ho was my father's owi
cousin , and 1 remember him Well In m.j
childhood , whi'ii ho had reached tin
haven of the custom house , aller occupy' '
ing for a time the temporary retreat , foi
which every sailor sighs , of a small farm
in the country , lie was then a serein
old man , with a round apple shaped
head , a complexion indelibly sunburnt ,
ami a freshness of look which bore testimony -
mony to the abstemiousness of his life ;
tor he asserts that he had never tasted
spirituous liquors , or , indeed , anything !
stronger than tea and eoli'eo , nor had lib
over used tobacco. In his mouth a
single i-lovo-nlnk was forever carried. I
remember him as habitually .silent , yield
ing admirably to the superior colloquial
powers of a very lively wife , yet easily
Imvd into the most delightful yarns
when she happened to be absent.
Then he became our Ulysses and
Hohinson Crusoo in one. The
whole globe had been his home. It could
be said of him , as Thoreau says of the
sailor brother in a country farm house ,
that he knew only how far it was to the
nearest port , no more distances , aH the
rest being only seas and distant capes.
I le had grown to be a perfect practical
philosopher ; Kpictctus or Seneca could
have taught him no farther lessons as to
acquiescence in the inevitable ; and yet
there was an unquenehod fire in his quiet
eyes that showed him still to have the
qualities of his youth. It was easy to
fancy him issuing from his sheltered
nook to
"point the gnus upon the chase ,
Or old the deadly cutlass bhiiie. "
as in those adventurous eaily days.
One iif Cleveland's best feats "was the
performance of a voyage , then unex
ampled , from Macao to the northwest
coast of America and hack , for the pm -
pose of furs a voyage made the more re
markable by the fact that it was achieved
in a cutter { .loop of fifty tons , with a crew
of tlic worst description , without any
printed chart of the coast , and in the
teeth of the monsoon. It was essential
to his success to reach his destination be
fore the arrival ot certain ships that had
been despatched from Hoston around
Capo horn ; and his plan was to procure
a vch.se ! small enough to keep near the
coast , sometimes taking advantage of a
favorable current , and making i\ port ,
although an unknown one , every night.
In his letters to his father , he
trankly says that his plan is pro
nounced impracticable by all experienced
ship masters at the port , but since no
body has ever tried it , how can it be
asserted to be impracticable ? They all
predicted that ho might sail a month
without making any progress , and would
then return , it at all , with sails and rig
ging lorn to pieces. "I was , " ho coolly
says , "not pleased with such gloomy
prospects , but concluded that if 1 was to
meet ruin , it might as well bo by being
lorn lo pieces on the China coast as to
arrive on the coast of America after the
object of my voyage had been secured by
other vessels. " So he sailed January ! )0 ) ,
17t ! ! ) , with twenty-live on board two
Americans , the rest Irish.Swodcs.Fronch ,
and ehiclly English , the last mostly de
serters from men-of-war and
- - Hotanv Hay
ships "a list of as accomplished villian's
as ever disgroced a country. " The work
was so hard that the precious crew soon
mutinied , and refused one morning o
weigh anchor. Jn preparation for this
he had stored all provisions near the
cabin , and he coolly informed them that
they could not eat until they worked ;
and so mounted guard for twenty-four
hours , with two or thico men. including
the black cook. His muskets wore Hint-
locks , and revolvers were not yet intro-
ilueed ; bill he had two four-pound cannon
loaded with grape. It then occurred to
Idiii that if ho offered to set them on
shore , they would soon have enough of
it. They caught at the proposal ; but the
Chinese would not keen or feed them on
land , nor the captain take them on hoard
next day ; pointing a cannon ho bade
Ihoni keep ofl' . He then went to the
shore iu an armed boat,1 and offered
: o take them on board ono by one. Sev-
. ral came eagerly ; but when it turned
ml that the boatswain and one other
ingleader were not to be taken back on
my terms , these two desperadoes pre
sented their knives at the breasts of the
> lhors ami swore that they should not
itir. Some yielded ; others wore sul-
only indiHerent ; one lay intoxicated on
.ho beach. It was like one of tin ; mull-
leering scenes in S ovenson's "Treasure
Island. " At 'a < t all but six werobroutiht
> ii b jard and thenceforth behaved will
laving pr.bat > ly coincided by this Cine
vith their young captain , who qu etly
vrites to his father , ' 'No grosser miscai-
mhition of character was over nnido than
jyth'so men in supposing that they
joiild accomplish their object by threats
> r intimidation. "
Tiny icept on their formidable vpvngo ,
iften finding themselves after a toilsome
lay , si t back leagues on tholr way ; grax-
ng o i rooks , caught in whirlpools ,
hreatenod by pirates. The diminished
srow proved an advantage , as they had
0 bo puton allowance of provisions at
my rate. In ilurty days they sighted the
lorth end of F > ruosa , and had performed
hat part of the trip deemed i in practicable
hen they crossed the North Pacific amid
ionstant storms , and anchored in Nor-
oik Sound on March 80 , 17i ! ! ) , after a
oyujro of two months , and in advance
if almost all competing vessels. Even
hose which had arrived from Hoslon
vere at disadvantage , being much larger ,
mil unable to penetrate the innumarablo
iays and inlets on the northwest coast.
'lilting up a screen of hides around the
leek , and never Jutting moro than one
mtiv.i on deck at one time , Cleveland
'oncealcd ' the sm II ness of his crew ,
mil eluded attack , though the Indian
lanoes wore often larger than his little
csscl. On ono occasion his cutter ran
ina rock , and Jay there twenty-four
1 ours , at such an ancle that no one could
land on deck , the Indians fortunately
tot discovering his plight. At lust Iho
'csscl lloatcd with returning tide , and
iftor two months' trallie they reached
'Idnn. September 15 , by way of the
iandwich islands , laden with a cargo
vorlh .f(10f ( O'J , the sea-otter skin that had
icon bought at the rate of eight fur a
nuskct selling for $8J ( apiece. His do-
criers had reached \Vampoa before him ,
mil all Cleveland's friends hail believed
heir assertion that lie was dead.
The youthfiilness of these men gave a
laver to im p dse and adventure to the
ouerost mercantile enterprises. They
undo up their plans for some voyage
ound the globe as blithely as if it were a
achling trip. It suemud like commerce
m u lark , and yet there was always n
loon eye to business. Cleveland and his
riond Hhaler whoso Sketches of Algiers
lus still a place in the literature ot tra
vel- having come together from the Isl
of Franco to Copenhagen , formed tli
project of n voyage round Cape lion
They bought at Hamburg an America
brig of 17,1 ton * , the Leila Hyrd. tosse
up a coin to decide which should go r. .
captain and which as supercargo , invite
a delightful voting Polish nobleman , th
Count tie Houlssillon , to ucconipan
them , and sailed isovenibcr 8 , 1801 , for
two years' vojage , the oldest of the thro
not being yet thirty years old. In t lies
days , when every little remote port <
the globe has been visited and ( { escribe
in full , its manners sketched , its chat :
nels hud down in a chart , and its commercial
morcial resources fully known , it is po <
sible to appreciate the uncertain an
vatriii1 delights of such an expedilior
Every entry into a now harbor mlgh
imply a fortune or a prison , for Spal :
had not yet lost its control of the region
they wore to visit , but claimed the righ
to monopolize the commerce of all. ro
each port there was some pom
nous ollicial to bo managed o
bribed , and in general , whe.ro air
injustice bad been done , the pluck am
ready wit of the young Americans ear
ried the day. Moro than once , aller bein ;
actually imprisoned and ordered out o
the port , they quietly refused to weisrl
anchor until their wrongs had been re
dressed and an apology made. On om
occasion , after going on shore with s
boats crew to rescue > ome of their owi
men who had been improperly detained
they carried oil'Iho Spanish guard also
and then sailed within musket-shot of i
tort garrisoned by a hundred men , com
pollinir their prisoners lo stand eon.spieu
oiisly by the bulwarks , in order to wan
olT the the lire from Iho buttery. Never
theless they were under lire for half an
hour. One shot struck them just , ubovi
the water-line , and several cut the sails
and rigging. The Spaniards had cighl
nine-pound guns , the Americans had
only three-pounders , but when the laltei
got within range , the Spanish .soldier.-
lied , and in ton miunlos the light wat
done. This was at San Diego , California ,
and wo have the testimony of Mr. Hieli
aril 11. Dana that it was still vividly re.
meinbc red upon that coast thirty year. '
later. When the Lclia Hyrd was safe the
prisoners were sent on shore , and tin
Americans had soon after a several days
visit from the "jolly padres , " as Clove
laud calls them , of the old Spanish mis
sions , wlio took uproarious satisfaction
in the whole a Hair , and agreed that tin
Spanish commandant , Don Manuel Hod
riguc/ , ought to bo sent back to the
mother counlrv as a poltroon.
THE PRISONS OF NAPLES.
\Vlioro tlio Contiiuloii of iMor ; l and
1'liy.siuul V lee Kprnnds Uapiilly.
London News : Castol Capuana is a
large , square place , some 1,500 square
feel in extent. The once handsome cdi >
lice is now spoiled by time , neglect and
constant trallie. Three grand staircases
lead out of the. central court , one in front
as you enter the great door and one on
each band. The one on the left was for
merly decorated with frescoes , far from
de.spieable works , of the sixteenth cen
tury ; one represented our Savior ntumb-
ling on his way to Calvary ; another the
escape of St. Peter from prison ; and an
other was a picture of the Virgin.
They have been totally spoiled
by bad restoration anil suose-
qtient neglect. On this staircase
are the grated doors leading to the in
famous prisons nark , damn ' , airless ,
putrid ; paved with stones likc'thobtrcct.s ,
and many of them subterranean ; the
piisons against which ponalists , philoso-
idiors , Italians and ioreigners have so
long inveighed , and which now , thanks
to the ceaseless exertions of the Deputy
Farini , are to be abolished. This stair
case leads to the grand criminal poiirt ,
and tliii others to various other courts ,
among which the large saloon of the
grand civil court deserves to bo men
tioned as ono of the most spacious halls
in Naples. It as well as the others was
decorated with frescoes in 1770 , but all
are now failed.
In the. prisons there is one part called
San La//.aro , which is devoted to Hie do-
tcntion ot cidofs of the camorra. The
name of camorrisla is never denied by a
prisoner , who generally declares himself
such when arrested. Hut a man will
never falsely proclaim himself a camor-
rista , for he would not dare to enter
among the true members , us they would
make him pay dearly for his presump
tion. The camorrista chiefs under deten
tion often amount to ono hundred , and
from fifteen to twenty inhabit one room.
Their appearance is audacious and ani
mated , they speak with assurance , and
IOOK you straight in the face. They show
a certain superiority to external condi
tions , and give evidence of possessing
finalities that might bo turned to good.
Very dill'erent is the aspect of the pris
oners in the common prisons , where
you find hundreds of persons abject ,
.lown-heartcd , vile , with .stupid or i'oro-
3imi5 physiognomies , the true product of
misery. In these prisons the contagion of
moral and physical vice spreads rapidly.
When Fr. Cnrci once obtained permission
, o visit these prisoners ho found Ihem
lalf naked , and iu thochnmbor there wore
: lurty of Iho most abject In nstiitoofnbso-
nte nudity. He remonstrated with the
iiilhorities , who in consequence provided
ifteen pairs of trousers and lifteon jack-
its for the thirty men , and the Jesuits
is-ero obliged to supply the rest That
itato of things was afterward altered ,
jut still the Castol Capuana retained too
nany traces of what had once ruled
here. It is a traditionally corrupt pri
son , in which dirt and infamy seem to
> o/.e Ironi the very walls ; whoru the well
lisposod , having once goi so low as to
iccomo an inmate , grows vicious and
ho vicious grows worse. Among the
! ommon criminals nro mixed the
ewer grades of camorristi , who rob and
! l-iiso their companions , and spread their
nllii'Mice within and without the walls.
Close by are the other prisons of Sun
'rancisco , Santa Maria , and Agnono ,
mil the low district of Porta Capuaaa ,
orming a very nucleus of crime. The
irisoners often manage to correspond
vith the people in tlio blreets , and by ibis
neans with oaah other. A eorrospond-
inl of Iho Piccolo relates thai about a
ear ago ho was an ollicor of the guard
n Castol CaniMiina. The orders wore
nest severe , for every evening there was
langer of evasion or of communication
vith tliii external world on Iho part of
ho prisoners. A'ory often groups of
naletaetors and bad womuii , the Inhab-
( ants of the low quarters ot Nantes ,
voiild absemblo outside the walls , and
be sentinels were obliged to dsivo them
i way. From within issued hongs of
latrcd and revenge , and signal erics that
vero hoard and understood by those
uitside , in spile of Iho vigilance of the
entries. During the cholern epidemic
if 1BS1 the prisoner ; ] of Castel Capuami
xicanio infected ; there was a species of
ebullion , and the prisoners thrust their
lands through the bars of their windows ,
iiid biiiought tlio people to release them
rom certain conlagion r.nd death.
In abolishing Iho prisons in Castel
'apuana Iho government Is taking a
; roat stop towards improving that quar-
or of the town , for a prison BOP ins mys-
erloubly to allracl malcfaclors to its
loighborhood. The courts of justice , too ,
fill gain in quint and decency , and no
ongcr bo disturbed by the ones of prison-
rs penetrating their precincts. There
rill no longer bo a sense of the possibility
if rebellion close by that has so often
lindorml the serene course of Justice ,
'he whole palace , which still retains
races of its former rustic grace , will also
lunelit by the change , ana might bo re-
tared to something of its former dignity
nd beauty. The abolition of the prisons
fill bo a real gain to the city , and it is to
10 hoped , will bu followed by that of the
llier prisons iu the neighborhood , and
ho erection of now and model ones far-
tier away from the centre.
SULLIVAN'S CHEAT AUO ,
The Portraits of Mon Whom Ha
Has Met ,
A Terrible \Vnrnlnft lo Wonld-l-o
I'Mghtrra V } ho Aspire lo Knock.
Out the Cbaiuplon ,
The great John L. Sullivan love * pem-o
as the small boy loves pie , and he will to
out of his way to secure quietness ami
rest. Hut when he is aroused he is n bad
man to fool with. Mi' . Sullivan is usually
very much aroused when ho is engaged
in one of his buttles , and a stable tilled
with mules Is nothing compared to his
powerful right arm at such a time.
Ono of the champion's most cherished
possessions i.s n largo album , which is
completely filled with pictures. Tln-v
are not , as the sentimental reader who
does not know John L. very well might
imagine , the photographs of former
sweethearts , On the contrary , the book
contains the pictures of foolhardy men
who have stood up before the champion
for ono.or more rounds and have had
their original features quickly trans
formed by a blow from Air. SuKivan'e
list.
list.When
When .lohn L was traveling with ths
minstrel combination hist season he en
countered a would-be champion at almost
every small town which the show visited.
The local pugilist was Invariably anxious
lo increase his reputation by standing before
fore Sullivan for a few rounds , and ho
was always accommodated. It is the pic
tures of these deluded mortals that Mr.
Sullivan gloats over , and exhibits to his
admiring friends as proof of his wonder
ful prowess.
A typical picture is that of a big black
smith iu Scranton , Pa. Several years of
pounding on an anvil had given linn mus
cle like the Atlantic cable , and in local
circles he wus looked upon as a marvel.
Ho appeared before the champion one
night , reeking confident and full of light , !
in just sixteen seconds Mr. Sullivan had ;
struck him fourteen times on the noses i
ami when he revived , which was some '
time next day that feature of his phys
iognomy looked as it a 1,000-pounu safe j
had fallen upon it from the top of a ton- '
story building. The blacksmith returned
to his anvil. Ho is not so pretty as lie wus ,
but be knows more now. i _
Then there was the strong boy of
Adrian , Midi. , who told all his friends
that Sullivan was a much over-rated
imgilist. So contidcnl was Iho slronir
boy of his ability to down the champion
that ho purchased half the scats in
the house and presented them lo his
friends with an invitation to come
around and see him knock out the big
man.
The result broke on" the. engagnmont
between the strong boy and hi.i bust girl.
She said she never could marry a man
who carried ono eye up in the middle of
his forehead and allowed the other to
hang around his left ear. He tried to
explain that .Mr. Sullivan had hit him un
awares , but his be.stgirl said that she wit
nessed the light and that the champion
had merely played with him.
During the champion V triumphal tour
bo encountered Iho wicked barber at
Coshen , Ind. The tonsorial artist stood
six feet high and had the reputation of
being able to knock down , a cow by n tap
with his lint. His friends were so confi
dent they advised Sullivan to buy a cof
fin before he was killed , as he could prob
ably make bolter terms with the undertaker - .
taker by a personal visit.
In the first round the champion only
pluvcd with the barber , and the hopes of
the hitter's friends went up like the price
of ice in summer. Hut in the second
round Sullivan led out and hit the barber
a blow on the jaw that almost sent the
tonsorial ai list's mouth around to the
back of his neck , lie never got over it.
lie is able to converse now only by means
of a slate , and the moat popular mau
among the barber's customers is John L.
Sullivan.
Then there was the giant farmer of Co
lumbus , O. Ho did all the work com
monly performed by horses on u farm ,
and weighed'00 po.mds. Ho went nt
the champion with a rush , but was
quickly scut to grass by a rattling tor
nado of blows. The giant's face now re
sembles a nutmeg grater. Jt is covered
with lumpssome of them as big as an egg ,
and ho has permanently retired from the
prize ring.
Sullivan has become tired of knocking
out local lighters , and on his next tour ho
will exhibit his album as a warning to
iinibiliotis small fry.
How tlio McAlcai H and Americana
Twice Averted Trouble. ,
Chicago Herald : "Speaking of the
Cutting case , and the row down on tlio
Mexican border , " said a man from Las '
Tegas , New Mexico , who i.s at McCoy's ,
'it is the silliest tiling in the world to '
nlk about war over such a cause. The
don of the United Slates anil Mexico go
ng lo war ever a fellow like Culling !
Jo you remember the case of Juan
Jorlmas m lbr > ( ) y Cortinas was a Mexican
( audit tind a robber. Ho Isold nominally
i commission as colonel in Ihe Mexican
irmy , but he was actually at the head of
! 00 guerillas or cutthroats. He came
iver into Texas in lt'5'i ' and stole cattle ,
nurdorcd 'Los Gringos' wherever 1m
ionhl find them , and devastated his whole
ine of march. Was that made a causu
f war ? No. Governor Klpford , of
I'oxas , raised a regiment of rangers ,
vent after Cortinas , and as by that limit
ho thing had got internationally warm ,
'reidciil Pierce sent Colonel K. K. Lee ,
if the second cavalry , with n few com.
mnics , to see fair play ; but the duty of
Iriving Cortinas across the border was
eft to the rangers. They did it. The
wo governnie'nts never got into even a
orious correspondnncu about it. Cortinas
vas an outlaw , and ho only had to bo
united down by the police. Ho was
Irivon away lo bo encountered again
on years later. The same means were
aken to drive him oil' , and , If 1 remember
right , a company of Texans then got
lold of him. 1 need f.ay . no more ,
'orlinas did not bother anybody any
linger , and the Mexican government it-
oil was full of applause. Do you re-
iiomber what was known as thu Salt
'onil war , only ton years ago , in 187 ( )
it Ihe little town of Yslotta , on the lilo
iranile , now a .station on the Southurn
'acilic ' road , a number of Mexicans wore
rrcilod for cattle stealing and put in
ill. In a week or HO , and while the
rand jury was investigating all peace-
bly an armed body of Mexicans crossed
lie river , assaulted the jail , released the
risonors , wounded the American shorift
ml one of his deputiesand , after raiding
lie town and stealing all they could.took
lie released prisoners and the plunder
ver lo the Mexican side. Hubbard , now
ihiislor to Japan , was then governor of
'cxas , and ho made a furious protest to
ocrotary Fish , but it never amounted to
nylliing. There was a long diplomatic
orrespondciico which tired everybody
tit , and by the time it was ended the
order was again quiet. Honoo I say u
iierc local border troubo can
over bo magnified into a
auso lor war. Texas , the
onntry.dircctly aUbcted , can take care
f herself. Precedent gives her the right
D organize her rangers , and the treaty
f Guaduliipo Hidalgo only requires that
lie United States government shall sen
dr play. That has boon the mode of
roceduro for thirty years and is not
kely to bo changed now. Governor
re-land Is entirely right in his uasump-
ion of the right to lake care of ihu
roubles himself. There Is no need to
jake. an int/crualioual uoullict out of it. '
