12 THIS OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUNDAY ATGUST 8 , 1880. TWELVE PAGES.
PRETTY POETIC PICTURE ,
Whittior's "Parbara Frietchio" Tnrncd by
tbo Facts Intf > J3ald Prose.
SIMPLE ORIGIN OF THE LEGEND.
Tlio Kamons Mnrcli of Lee "Over tlie
Mountains Winding Down , llorso
nnd Foot Into Fred-
crick Town. "
TViltoc ! 1) ) > Ma Tim. !
TTp from I litincnil'iwft rich with corn ,
Clonr In Iliu caul i-uplcmber uiurn ,
Tlio clilfili-rod fplrcs of I'rcilurlck stnnJ
Urctm-wnllcil ! ) } tlio lillla of .Mnrylnml.
Ilottnit about tlioin orclmnls tirctp.
Apple mid pencil trcu fruited deep ,
1'nlr ru llio curdon > if tliu I.onl
To ttiu eyes or tlnJ frtmlHlied rebel liordo.
It Is a very pretty picture Whlltier
d aws of thu miiut Maryland toxvn which
his poem of "Barbara Frietchio" lias im-
niortali/.cd. Independently of its asso
ciations Frederick deserves to have its
poet to sing of its clustered spires ntid tell
how they are grJbn-walled by the xer-
danl hills that help to render it so
picturesque ! in their summer .sheen. No
ono who has ever seen them can forgot
the orchards of apple and pcajh that
crown these Maryland hills. What n
liiirht of loveliness , of beauty and of
temptation those orchards "fruited deep"
must have presented "to the eyes of the
famished rebel liordo" xvhcn Stonewall
Jackson's advance swept over the hill by
the Union hospital nnd into the town on
the Oth of September , 1802. So far at
least Whittlor's description in his famous
ballad is perfect. It is only when xvoeomo
to the subject of the ballad , Harbara her-
flclf , that the prosaio hand of fact sweeps
away thu poetic creation of the singer.
That Barbara Frlolehlo lived is not de
nied. That she died at the advanced ago
of ninety-six years and is buried iti tlio
burial gi'ouud of thu ( ierman Reformed
church in Frederick is al.o . true. A long
life had boon hers. Ten years older than
the Declaration of Independence , she had
arrived at the full ago of twunty-ono
years when thu federal union was formed ,
and yet she lived to see u "famished rebel
liordo" oxultiiigly pass her door witli thu
avowed purpose of destroying tiio re
public shu had been taught to loyu in her
girlhood and which shu continued to re
vere ! u her old , old ago. If immortality
came to her in the last year of her life , it
xvas not undeserved , even if the inci-
I1 dents upon which it was based were not
Btrlctly accurate , for her tlovotion to the
union continued to animate her while hho
hod life.
On tlintplciuunt morn ot tlio early full
When Lou nmrclio.l over tliu muuntnlu-wull ,
Over tlio mountnliiw.wlndlnjr down ,
llorso ami foot Into FrudurioK town ;
Forty Hms with tliolrsltvor stitra ,
Forty ( lugs with tholr crhtibon burs ,
Flnppcil In tlio inornlnK wind ; the sun
Of noon looked donn und saw not ono.
It requires eight hues of Mr. Whittier's
verso to say that the forty flags flying in
Frederick on tlio morning of the Gtn of
September , 1802 , were all down at noon
because Leu had captured the town , but
then the pout lolls it so much better than
it could bo told in more wrpfe. The in-
vadingarmy had marched iI'liui Lcesburg ,
twenty-throe miles , since breaking camp ,
having crossed the Potomac at Hauling
ford. The invasion was a remarkable
one , being intended as ono of deliver
ance. It was hoped for it that il xvould
bo a highly successful recruiting expedi
tion. The address of General Lee to the
people of Maryland , not to speak of tlio
more florid production which Colonel
Bradley T. Jolinson wis--provost marshal
addressed lo the people of Frederick ,
proves this. As such it was a failure from
its beginning. There was no welcome to
tno army of tlio confederacy. On the
contrary , their reception xvas decidedly
cooK The deliverers unexpectedly found
themselves in a hostile country. General
Leo discovered tlmt.his . sympathy for the
pcoule of Maryland in "the xyrongs and
outrages that had boon inflicted upon
them by the government o 4ho United
States" was misplaced , for ithov did not
! Bhoxv that they "possessed. , a spirit too
lofty to submit to such a government. "
All the stores xvere closed. There xvas no
display .of rebel bunting. When the
bauds played "Maryland , My Maryland , "
and "Dixie , " there xvas no response.
I Lee had come
Over the mountnlns wlndlnjr down ,
1 Ilovso nnd foot Into Frodorloi town ,
on a fool's errand , for xvhilo , to quote the
language of Uradloy Johnson , "the vieto-
rlousarmyof thcboulh had brought free
dom lo their sons , " the benighted Mary-
iandors somohowr preferred "opnrossion
more galling than the Austrian tyranny. "
lint xvo have brought Iho rebels into
Frederick in advance of the pool , which
is not surprising since Leo made forced
marches over the mountain wall , xvliile
Whittier moves along xvilli the ] ig-jog
trot of ballad measure.
Up rope old Iliirlmm Frlutchlo them ,
JloweJvltli \ lior fourscoroyours und ton ,
llrnvost of nil In Frederick town.
i She took up tlio Has ; tlio 111011 linulcd down :
In lior ntllo window tliu stulf all ? sot ,
To itiow Unit ono hci'.rl wus lo/'iU yot.
I
! Mid * ho ? The pool .says she did her
' only surviving relative and lior old noigh-
j bora say shu did not. The moro's tlio
i pity , but tliu prose folks , xvitli their simple -
, plo prosaic story , are moru likely to be
right than the poet , xvitli his touching
verso. They eay she did not , and Ihoy
wore In a position to know. Strange to
say , nobody over thought lo asu thorn Do-
fore a correspondent of the Lancaster
Examiner puttlio question a few days
ago. Once , indeed , live years after Bur-
barn Frletohio's death , Thadduus Slovens
drove up to thu door of what had been
her home and asked Georg-j Eisslcr. n
Gorman , xvho had bought tlio Friotchio
homestead , for information in regard to
the hcroino of Whittier's poom. The
answers ho received did not please him ,
nnd xvhcn Kisslor told him that Barbara
did not take up tliu llag thu mon Hauled
down nnd sot the stall' in her atlio win
dow. Slovens drovo. ollV saying , "Oh ,
that'll only n dumb-Dutchman , anyhow. "
Up llio street cnmo tlio robot tiond ,
ITndor Ills ! oiicli Intt k'ft mul ritrlit
Ho fit.itivoil ; tuj oldlluir : met I
"IlHUI" tlio dust lirQVrn. Viuikt stui)4 fast ,
"l'lrol"-out bliizod the I'Ma-Muit.
i-jvo iTJn
It uhlvcrc-d tlie wlndovrfiwuo nnd snsli ;
It rant tlio banner witu ouui nmlgus.i.
How sad to spoil sopretty a talol
There is only 0116 pcco.ifnt of Stonewall
Jackson's entry into1 Frederick , and that
was written by a Union army surgeon
who was m charge or tlio hospital there
Rt the time. " .lack ( on I did not got a
look nt to recognize him , " the doctor
wrote on the 21st of September , "though
I- I must have scon him , as I witnessed tlie
linssaee of all the Droops through the
town. " Not a word about Barbara
Friotchio nnd thisincident , Dr. Oliver
Wendell llolmos , too , xvas in Frederick
soon ttfl'jrxvanl , on Ids xyay to lind his
eon , reported mortally wounded nt An-
If tietnm. Such a story , had it been true ,
could scarcely have failed tu rout h hi. ;
ears , and lie xvould undoubtedly Jiavo told
Jt In his delightful plmpler of war rem-
of Mrs.llandscliue mul her daughter ,
Mrs , Abbott , of Frederick. Mrs. Hand ,
solute was tlio niece ami adopted daughter
of Mrs.Frietchio , and the Hag came to lioi
* part of If-r inheritance , u cap out ol
which General Washington drank tea
when ho spent n night in Frederick in
1791 being itinong the Krictchio heirlooms.
This Ihig which Mrs. llandschuc and her
daughter so religiously preserve is torn ,
but the banner was not rent with seam
and gash from a rifle blast. It is torn
only this and nothing more. That Mrs.
Frietehio did not wave the llag at .lack-
son's men Mrs. Handscliuo positively
aflirms. The llag waving act was done.
lowover , by Mrs. Mary ! a. fjuantrell , an
other Frederick woman , but Jtickson took
no notice of it , nnd as Mrs. Quantrell was
not fortunate enough to llnd a pocl to
celebrate her deed , she never became
famous.
Qinok. ns It fell fiom the broken Mntf ,
iJnnio llurlmrn sniUcliol tbo sllkon scnrf.
Pbo loaned fnr out on tlio wlnilow-slll ,
And shook It forth with a loynl will.
"Slioot , If you inu t , thla iiray old heild.
] lut | .iiro j-utir country's tlaa , " sbo Bald.
A phndiof ; n Int'S" , n Muli of ftlinme ,
Ov or thn face of tlio loader cntno :
The nobler nature wltliln lilin stlricd
To ll'o nt that womnn'sdced nnd words
"Who touches n hair of yon Kray licml
Dies liken ilogl Mareh on : " bo "Hid.
Colonel Henry Kyd Douglas , who was
with General .htokson every minute of
ds stay in Frederick , declares in tin arti
cle in 'tho Century that .Jackson never
saw Barbara Frictchlc and that Barbara
icver saw Jackson. This story is borne
out by Mrs. Fnetchlo's relatives , who
say , however , that during tlio occupation
of Frederick by Leo's army , she wax very
outspoken in her fidelity to the union
cause. When she saw the boys in gray
narching by her honsu shu would shake
ler stick at them , and on one occasion
she said to somu of them who had taken
mssesiion of the front of the house :
'Get up. you dirty , lousy crowd , you
jot oft"of my porcn. " This is the nearest
Jarbara Friotchio ever eamu to
Shoot , If you must. thlsBrny old head.
As already said , Barbara Frietohio had
i llag and slio waved it , not on llto Oth to
Jackson's men , but on thd.l'Jtli to Burn-
side's. Huro is the story' Swold by Mrs.
Abbott , Mrs. Ilaiulseliiiirs dtiughtcr :
'Jackson and liis men had been iu Fred-
srick and left a short time before. We
weru glad that the rebels luifo gone and
hat our troops camo. My mother and I
ived almost opposite aunt's place. Shu
nnd n < y mother's cousin lived together.
Her name was Harriet Voner. Mother
said I should go and sec aunt and tell her
lot to bo frightened. Von know that
unit was then almost ninety-six years
old. When i reached aunt's place she
< new its much as 1 did about matters and
Cousin Harriet was with her. They were
on the front porch and aunt was leaning
on the oano she always carried. When
.ho troops marched along aunt waved her
land and cheer after cheer went up from
: he men as they saw her. Some even ran
nto the yard. 'God bless you , old lady , '
'Let me take you by the hand , ' May you
ivo long , you dear old soul , ' cried one
liter tlio other , as tlicyarushcd into the
yard. Aunt being rather feeble , and in
order to save her as much as we could ,
Cousin Harriet Yoncr said : . 'Aunt ought
o have a llag to wave.1 The Hag was
udden ill the family Bible , nnd Cousin
Harriet got it and gave it to aunt. Then
she waved the llag to the men and they
cheered her as they wont by. She wan
very patriotic and the troops all knew 'Of
icr. The day before General Heno wus
milled he came to sue aunt and had a t title
with her. "
Tins is a very good story in itself , bti't
lot nearly so good as Whittier's , with
Stonewall Jackson in it. It is all that is
eft of thu legend of Barbara Friotcjite
ind the country will have to be satislied
with it.
AUctny lon through Frederick street
Sounded the trend of marching ( cut.
All day long that f roe Hair test
Over tliu heads ol thu rubul host.
F.for Us torn folds roe nnd fell
On the loyul wlmls that loved It v.-dl ;
And through the hill-pops sunset , llsht
Shoiic over it with u wnnn zopd-nlRht.
Would it wore so. The manner in
which the I'riotchio legend Originated
was very simpln. A Frede.rick lady vis
ited Washington some time after the in
vasion of 18M ( and spoke of "tho open sym
pathy and valor of Barbara I'rietchie.
The story was told again and again , and
it never lost in the telling. Mr. Winttjqr
receive ! his lirst knowledge of it fro.ni
Mrs. E. D. E. N. Soulhworth , the novel"
ist. who is a resident of Washington.
When Mrs. Southworth wrote to Mr >
Whit tier concerning Barbara , she enclosed , -
closed a newspaper slip reciting the
circumstances of Barbara Frietcliic's ac
tion when Leo entered Frederick. Even
now Mr. Whittier is not disturbed , not
withstanding the prosaic turn his legend
has taken , lie still insists that his poem
has a substantial basifj , of faqt , "It is
admitted by all , " ho says in a recent let
ter , "that such a lady as Barbara I'rietchie
lived in Frederick at the time of Lee's
entrance. 2. That she was intensely
loyal. 8. That she kept n-union Hag in
her house. 4. That shu drove the rebels
fro in her doorstep and waved her Hag. "
Ah , yes ! but. she waved it at Burnsidu in
welcome and not at Stonewall Jackson in
defiance !
When Mr. Whittier wrote the poem he
followed as closely as possible the account
sent , him at the timu , Mr. Whittier has a
cane made from the timber of Barbara's
house. It was a present from Dr. Slimier ,
a member of thu senate of Maryland.
The llag , which was hid between the
covers of the old family Bible , nnd with
which Barbara brietcliio gave a hearty
welcome to Btirnsulo's troops , has but
thirty-four stars , is small , of sill : , and at
tached to a staff probably n yard in
IlHrlinru Frlotchlo's work'iso'o'r.
AuJ the rebel rides on his raids no more.
Honor to her ! nnd let n lenr
Full , for her wine , onBtonuwnU'a blcr.
O vor. lUrbom Frletcblo's crave ,
Fliitf of Freedom und Union , wnvol
1'enco nnd onlornnd-bonuty draw
Hound thy symbol of Unlit nnd law ;
And over the slurs nliovo look down ,
On tby slurs below 111 Frederick town !
Barbara Frietnhio was born at Lan
caster , in this state. liar maiden 'name
was Hanur. She was born December 3.
1700 , her parents being Nicholas and
Catharine Iluuor. She wont to Frederick
in early life , where she married John O.
Frietehio , u glover , in 1800. .She died
December 18 , JfilW , Mr. Friotchio having
died in 1 1'J. ' In IB03 the waters of Carroll
crock rose to such a height , that they
nearly wrecked the old homo ot the
heroine of Whitlior's ' poem ,
Why Ho Will Novel- Rot Married In
CJliut'oli Aaalu.
Toledo Blade : "If I over got married
in church again yon can call mo a goat , "
said a bashful man tlm othur day.
"What's the matter now ? "
"Mnttor enough , " Iin reported , nnd ho
scemeit to get mad whe thought of it ,
" 1 was married not long ago. and us my
wifo's piirouts were pillars of the church
it had to come oil' thorn , so they thought ,
Well , some repairs wuro being made in
the church , so the marriage took place in
the Sundny-sehool rjom. There's where
the whole trouble came in. Wo stood on
the platform where the suporintoudcnt'8
dc.sk stood , ami before t'.io minister got
started I noticed a great many people
smiling in the aivJicneo , I didn't know
what to muUe of l . They all seemed to
be looking over my head. I never said
anything till the tiling was done , then I
turned around anil looked up , What do
you think J saw ? Ono of those con-
fomrlod mottoes hanging right over
our heads , and it said : 'Sune.r little
children to como unto nn.1 Isn't that
a man mad ? "
THE NATURE OF COMPETITION
Particularly That Practiced by the Man-
of Railroads. .
RUINATION AND ENRICHMENT.
I'YIenilly Interests Unlit on the Dis
ci imlnatlon I'lnn Cities Simil
arly Treated An ISco-
iionilc Kvlli
11Y I1ICIIAIU ) T. KI.Y , IMtOPKSSOi : OK 1'OMT-
irxi. M'lK.vci : IN JOHN HOPKINS' UNI-
viiitsrrv.
I'AUT II.
From J/cin > cr' M uattnc for .liiffii.'f.
Discriminations in railway charge ?
mean a dill'orcncc of treatment in favor
of ono party or tiling and against another
party or tiling , They are of three prin
cipal kinds , namely : first , between places ,
as , for example , in favor of Boston and
against Now York , or in favor of New
ork and against Rochester ; second , be
tween things , as in favor of wheat and
against iron ; third , between individuals.
Only thu third will bo treated in this
place , as it is of chief importance from
a general economic standpoint.
To understand the real gravity of this
evil it is necessary to consider the nature
of competition , or tlio struggle for cxis-
tcncu in the economic world. Men offer
services or goods at varying rates , and
each tries to underbid the other , ami that
ofl'ur is accepted which , all things consid
ered , is the lowest. Now this is not thu
universal rule of business , but it is a
very general one , and in the great busi
ness transactions of our time it prevails
to such an extent to bu decisive , provided
these transactions are honest. The lar
gest number of exceptions may be found
in the remuneration for personal services ,
but tlio force of competition is indirectly
becoming moru and more felt , and it is
increasingly ( litlleiilt to escape from its
control. When Mill wrote his treatise on
political economy , forty years ago , he
could sav that custom , not competition ,
fixed prices in retail trade. It is doubtful
if this can now be said of that tratto in
any of the large centres in Em ope or
America certainly not without serious
modification. In an ideal condition of
tilings , such as the old political ceonomy
presupposed , there are excellent sides to
this competitive struggle , as it then gives
a stimulus to individual initiative and ac
tivity , eaeh ono trying to oiler superior
services or goods , or endeavoring to do-
visu methods whereby producli'Mi may bo
cheapened ; and cheapened production
means a saving of capital force and labor
force a beuelit to the world. It , can per
haps tie said with slisrht qualification that
this economic struggle produces a near
approximation to justice when it is be
tween equals. But how is this affected
by railway discriminations ? It has al
ready been stated that they are not
merely in favor of one , but against
another , and the latter proposition
is 119 important as the first.
Its truth follows inevitably from
the nature of competition. These
favors to tlio friends of the railway
power , or to those who have in some way
secured an exceptional position , who
have to tiso an expression becoming
classic with us , gotten in "on the ground-
floor , " are an external force against
which all thcirconipotitorsinust contend.
Their rivals enter into the struggla car
rying a weight , a weight varying in
amount , but at times great enough to
bear down even those who would other
wise be the strongest. Where competition
is sharp and it is sharp in these days tor
nearly all outside of rings and combina
tions tlio freight on goods is frequently
fur greater than the pnxlit on them , and a
slignt variation in charges in favor of ono
party is nil that is needed to make the
fortune of that one and to ruin com
petitors.
It is stated that even such delay in
shipment und such annoyance as a rail
way can inflict on a business man not in
fayor is at times sufficient to cause his
bankruptcy. All this involves immense
waste of economic resources. Talent in
business , accumulation of capital in va
rious forms , and organizations extending
over a wide area , all of which ought
to have been a blessing to the laboring
population and tliu entire country , are
annihilated. The best known example is
the Standard Oil company. It received ,
as already stated , $10.000,000 in eighteen
months in rebates. If it had done busi
ness at what would have been cost for
others , it would still have had that enor
mous sum as profit. If it had transacted
its business at such terms as would have
involved a loss of $5,000,000 for others on
the same amount of business , thuru
would still have been an equal
sum for distribution among the
members of the company. It is a matter
of course that its competitors weru
ruined , and idle factories , old pipe lines
no longer used , and business wrecks
throughout the country give ovidunco of
enormous economic waste. It is not to
the point to urge that the quality of oil
has been improving , and that thu price of
oil has been declining , any more than it
is to the point to urge tliu alleged ciiival-
ry of the Italian brigands as a plea for
highway robbery. Doubtless the mana
gers of this company have not been alto
gether blind to tlieir permanent interests ,
and may have given the public some of
the advantages of improvumonts in oil
production , while the enormous increased
supply of oil was bticli as to force
down price if the oil was to bo disposed
of. It is a well-known fact that millions
of barrels in reservoirs have been
hold from the market in order
to raisa. prices. Furthermore , it
is worthy of notice that Itussian
-petroleum is now a competitor of Ameri
can petroleum , although the crude Itus-
elan oil contains only thirty per centum
of relined oil , while tlio American con
tains eighty per centum. It must bo ad
mitted that tltero are at times savings in
transactions of business by a monopoly ,
but when these are doslr.id it is essential
that this line of business should be made
a public undertaking , in order that it
may bo regulated , and that the entire
public may participate in these advanta
ges. What wo have to look at in this
cose is the ruin of men engaged in honor
ablu and legitimate business. These
men form part of the commonwealth ,
and the body cannot thrive when its
members are in a diseased condition. It
must bo inquired , what would be thu log
ical outcome of the extension of such
methods ?
What is tlio extent of these discriminations -
tions ? It is such as to a fleet seriously
ourmithv economic life. At the time of
tlie investigation of the Now York Hop-
burn committed H was found that special
rates were the rule , und the regular tariff
existed only for the weak anil inexperi
enced. Notorious is the contract with
Schnellkonf nnd Matthews , millers of
Buffalo , New York , which enabled them
to continue business when other millers
were obliged to suspend operations. A
vivid light is thrown on the true charac
ter of the agreement by one clause in
tlds contract , which reads as follows :
"Provided , however , and this agreement
ismadn upon the express understanding
and consideration that said second party
[ i. e. , Messrs. jclioellkopf and Matthews ]
shall regard and treat this agreement as
confidential , and will use. all reasonable
precaution to keep tlio same secret. "
Not long ago a merchant of Baltimore
nttempteiT to do a comparatively small
business in the purchase and sale of cot
ton , "J thought , " said ho would
. _ . .
U. J-i5L jd .3fe. * J
not attempt any business so largo that I
could not keep it under my own imme
diate supervision , and would thus be able
to eflect savings impossible to the largo
dealers who arc obliged to rely on agents.
These small economics were to const ! '
lutes my profits. " With this in view ho
went south to the cotton regions , but
what was the result ? His calculations
were sound until it camoto the shipments
of cotton , when lie found that ho could
not obtain the rebates given to the largo
dealers , and was obliged to retire from
the liuld of competition. Because of
hcsc discriminations in this 1m o of busi
ness it is confined to ten or n dozen
houses.
It is asserted in favor of the pools , or
railway combinations , that they prevent
discriminations ; but Mr. Hudson l.as
shown that they do not affect the most
notorious examples of discriminations ,
nnd one of tlio slirowdcst business men il
lias been my pleasure to know explains
the practice of railways during the ex
istence of a pool thus : "If you go Into
a freight office , and are unknown , there
is ono general rate for freight shown you.
You may argue and plead as long sis you
will , and enlarge upon the great amount
of freight you expect to send ,
and tno advantages which will
accrue to tlio railway from the
formation of a connection with you , but
it will be quito usuless ; the sehcdulo rates
will be maintained. Are you , however ,
an old friend whoso secrecy and discre
tion can bo trusted ? Then it is n. different
matter. You are taken aside- into a little
room , tlm doors aru closed , and no one
knows what is said , but you will doubt
less leave with contentment expressed on
your ootintenaneo. " Thissamugontlomnn
informed me that he could not understand
how a certain Chicago dealer could put
goods on the market which had been sup
plied by himself , at figures much lower
than his Chicago competitors , until by
accident ho discovered that this Chicago
merchant received u special secret 'rate.
The uncertainly ami inequality of rates
produce in many quarters a kind of pa
ralysis in our economic lifts. Individual
initiative , energy , and activity give place
to a feeling of helplessness and prostra
tion.
In speaking of railway charges and dis
criminations , Mr. Charles Francis
Adams , Jun , , said , in 1830 : "In regard
to these things 1 consider the existing
system nearly as bad as tiny system can
bu. Studying its operations , as I have
long and patiently , 1 am ready to repeat
now what 1 have repeatedly said before ,
that the most surprising thing about it
to mo is that thu business community
sustains itself under such conditions. "
Another abuse closely connected with
this is the management of railways for
the oulsjdo interests of managers and
their friends. This takes at times the
precise form just described. It
can bo readily understood that the
interests of a railway director as
a dealer in coal can far outweigh his in
terests as an owner of railway stock , so
that he may be well content to forego
dividends on his shares for the sake
of special rates. Hero there is a dou
ble robbery. The stockholders are
robbed und business competitors nro
robbed by those who are faithless to their
trust as managers ot a public highway.
But this is only one form of this kind of
robbery. Directors may have interests
in various corporations , as freight trans
portation companies , express companies ,
sjeuping-car companies , and may sacri
fice to these external corporations. The
Hepburn committee found the Erie rail
way covVrcd in this manner with barna
cles.
cles.Another
Another abuse of moment is the pecul
iar methods of construction companies ,
whereby men in their capacity as rail
road officials enter into contracts with
themselves in another capacity , and reap
a rich harvest from tlie harmony between
the two parties to the contract.
Tlio abuse of railway power in stonk-
watering , and the present and still
graver oyils for the. futtir.o . .inthe. . im
mense empires of land owned by rail-
waysmustbo passed over with a bare ref
erence to the fact of their existence
Still moru serious are Ihorimornl evils
connected with corporate management.
Under this head effective essays might bo
written with such titles as"Corruption )
no Harm. " "Lying no Sin"Theft no
Crime. " No one feels this moru keenly
than the upright business innn , It is use
less to deny any part of-this impeach
ment , for proofs lie on every hand ; and
our popular heroes aru becoming dis-
houest _ and successful adventurers. Even
ministers of Uio Christian religion can be
found to whiten their characters , and
present them in tlio light of public
benefactors ; and did not the people of
New YorK a few years agojproposo to
erect a statue to a man who tended his
life a convict ? Did not thatsame popula
tion recently gaze with a kind of admira
tion upon men who perpetrated a
successful robbery , and plundered the
city of New York of several millions of
dollars ? Yes ; wo are rapidly supplying
interesting and dramatic material for the
future historian , who will therefrom
paint startling pictures for the instruction
and amusement of his readers.
There are many things which the rail
way advocate will urge in favor of our
railways. He will endeavor to show that
rates are lower in America than in
Europe ; but there are three things ho
will fail to mention in his comparison.
First , our railways have been built at a
low cost , owing to inferior quality of
construction , aim still more owing to'the
cheapness of right of way often , indeed ,
costing nothing in a now country , ana
to the level and otherwise favorable sur-
facu of our country. If wo estimate tlio
average1 cost of our railways at
$35,000 per mile , it is a generous
figure , whereas the European
railways with which comparison is made
will probably average $140,000 per mile.
Second , no attention will bo paid to the
fact that terminal charges constitute a
largo part of freight expenses , nnd that
these are lower with us per mile on ac
count of our long distances. Third , you
will not bo informed that quality of ser
vice is a vital element in reasonable
charges. What probability is thuru that
your freight will bo shipped promptly ,
that it will move rapidly , and that it will
arrive in safety ? , What percentage of
fruigjit is injured or destroyed in a coun
try like Germany , and what in Amoiicat
Comparisons are difficult in freight
charges ; in passenger charges easy. No
ono disputes that charges for passenger
service uro far higher in America , and
there can scarcely bo a doubt that , when
all elements are properly considered ,
freight charges will bo tound relatively
lower elsewhere , and particularly in Bel
gium and Germany. The charges now
under consideration ant the rates for the
ordinary average shipper between two
average points.
After all , the vital question in the com
parison is wliethur rates are as low as
they ought to bo with us , and the enor
mous waste in our methods shows that
they cannot bo.
But the question of low rates is a minor
ono. The low rates which wo do enjoy
are not frequently established at the ex
pense of thu owners of railway property ,
and there is cause for regret when people
ple do not obtain a return on legitimate
Investments. Unless wo arc a nation of
paupers , wo desire these to receive a re
turn who invcbt their means in railways.
Are they not a part of the commonj
wealthy And do wo not desire the pros
perity of tlio common wealth ?
Still more vital is tlio question of eco
nomic liberty , which , as our first article
has abundantly shown , is involved in the
problem of the railway , equally vital are
good morals nnd political integrity.
It has not boon thought necessary to
dwell on the inestimable benefits which
our railways have brought us , for this is
a too familiar topic. Tills now moans of
communication and transportation lias
added to tlio material resources of tlio
country , has brought man near to his
That the best five cent Cigar manufactured , is on sale in this
city by
Kuhn & Co. , 15th. and Doiigias.
Field & Farnsworth , 2115 Cunning * st.
Jno. W. Bell , 820 S. 10th st.
W. J. Whitehouse , N , W. Cor. 16th and
Webster.
Jefferson Square Drug Store , 16th and
Chicago ,
Is the well known . , ;
T
m
( None genuine without Vullcnciti Cigar Factory's name on label. )
You can get more cigar and a better cigar for 5 Cent , than any other
cigar ever manufactured. It has stood the test in this city for more
than a year , and al smokers -who know it prefer it to any other , j. sk , ,
for it of any of the above dealers ,
I .ere
1 , Ornate , 307
* i
"Write for prices and terms. Orders by letter , postal card , telegraph
Telephone 656 , will receive prompt attention.
fellows in all pans ot the world , and has
thus promoted n beneficent kind of inter
nationalism , while it has at the same time
strengthened national Loads ; it has facil
itated the spread of knowledge , and in
many ways tended to the ethical eleva
tion of the race. Wo must regret that Us
beneficent features and its ideal demo
cratic character have not been still better
developed , while for the good it has
brought we should remember in profound
gratitude the devotion to the welfare of
humanity of Watt , of Fulton , and of
George Stophcnson , and of a Jong line of
scientific investigators and discoverers
wiio preceded them and prepared the
way for them , and who since their time
have continued tlieir labors. Many of
these Worked without hope of pecuniary
reward for the love of their kind. These
are our true heroes. To our railway
kings wo owe nothing. More than
ample compensation have they received
for such doubtful services as they hnvo
rendered.
MRS. MACKAY'S ROMANCE.
Fioiu Ijoiif ; Island nnd Poverty to Cal
ifornia and luxury.
Some time ago , says n writer in the
New York World , a romantic nnd inter
esting story was related to mo concern
ing the American bonanza queen , Mrs.
JSlackay. Years ago , comfortably situa
ted in n modest homo nt Morthport , L. I. ,
lived a cozy little family of three father ,
mother and little daughter. For a timn
all went happily along , until the hus
band and father was taken ill ; then came
dark days in the cottage , and n sharp
struggle for life was each day nnd hour
enacted. Then came a lull , kind friends
walked gently about with troubled faces
nnd a solemn liiinli , and that indefinable
something which always accompanies
dcatli seemed to say that all was over ,
all suffering had passed away , and the
moral remains of tlie father lay calm and
quiet. Mother nnd daughter wore soon
to begin a Jong , bitter struggle for bread
in a great world nlouo. Across the coun
try whirled the Hying train. On , on it
rushed , panting , pulling , snorting for
days till the journey ended nnd California
was reached.
Among those who left tlio train was a
black-robed woman and a fair , little girl.
Alone m n strange land. Then followed
weary days passed in fruitless search for
work. Life is not BO easy after nil to be
gin nnuw in a strungu place and without
friends. Steadily the small stock of
money grows smaller ami smaller until ,
with nil its ghastlincs , starvation stares
ono in the fncu and there is no alternative -
tivo but to beg. So this mother and
daughter found the sunny land of the
West not quite so bright as when viewed
from afar , and thus it happened that the
fragile child stood upon a corner asking
alms.
alms.What was there in the childish bounty
nnd appealing loolc of this little waif that
fo touched the heart of n passing rich man ?
Ho stopped and questioned the little ono ,
and then followed her to her lonely
homo , and there from lior mother
learned their sad story.
"Pity is akin to love , " So says tlio
proverb , and in this case it proved to bo
n near relation. Now comes tlio most
romantic partot tlio story , and the part
most like a fairy tale. Fortune showered
her favors upon the two strangers. The
first friend they had found proved to bo
the wealthy Mr. Mackay , and in a sur
prisingly short time the little Kva had
found a generous , kind father , and with
the mother it was "on" with the old love ,
on with tlio now. " With the widow's
wccils wore laid nway all traces and
signs of that part of her lifo in which
poverty and trouble formed so large a
part. It wasju-st a btop from poverty to
dazzling wealth , and in nil the following
years Hie lias over hold tlio brimming
cup of fortune to her lips , enyly , thought-
lussly , and has yet to lind the dregs which
lie calmly at the bottom of the crystal
liquid.
1 wonder if the Princess Colonna will
over relate the story of her early child
hood to her own wee son ; or will it re
main as u ucvor-to-bo-rcvcnlod-sccret
which If
GENOA , THE CITY OF PALACES ,
A. Genoa Fete Unveiling the Statue 01
Zing Victor Emanuel.
SIGHTS , SCENES AND INCIDENTS.
Priced Opern Scats Tlio
and Queen The Regatta and
Evening Illumination.
GnxoA , Italy , July 19. [ Correspondence
once of tlio BKK. ] The day has passed in
'
such confusion and' ' excitement thai ono
may well xvonder : whether Genoa was
built for any other-purpose than to serve
as a beautiful fair ground , or lo xvcar
people and horses out loiling up ami
down ils sleep , picturesque streets. I
have n dim recollection that at 11 a. m.
the long croxvded train from Milan
whirled us into the stalion of this "city
of palaces , " and dcpo.sitcd"Us ffl a"Sliflb-
caling croxx'd on the platform of the do-
pot. Kind friends rescued us , and taking
carriages xvo xvcre driven rapidly to the
monument of the Into King Victor Kninn-
nol , xvhieh his son , xvitli great ceremony ,
had unveiled Just half an hour previous.
Our disappointment al being too late for
tlio inauguration xvas still greater when
xvc found that Pagani , one of the two
sculptors of the statue , had reserved
seals for us in the pavilion next to the
ono occupied by the royal family and
suite. After examining ihe monument ,
which Is
AN IMMBNSK KQUV.STlUAJf S'JV.TUn ,
xveii executed in bronze , xvo drove
through the streets tosoo the much talked
of decorations. Kndlcsa evergreen
xvreaths. garlands , lings , banners unit
arches bewildered the eye. and from
every balcony -and xvinduxv xyax'ed the
rioli'fringcs and scarlet draperies of the
cushions on the railingH. People fairly
hung from the eaves of the houses and
xvo all felt quite repaid for our watching
and xvaiting xvlieu xvo suxv the king and
queen , preceded by the senators and
ministers of state pass before us down Iho
Via Itoma , xvhilo tiio people phoulcd and
cheered frantically , and the thrco great
iron-cladKin Ihu harbor fired a salute ,
that made the surrounding hills and
mountains echo for tlie nest quarter of
an hour. In the afternoon xvo walked
through some of the
NAltltOXV DAItK VAESUS CAM.F.D BTUHKTS ,
for which Genoa is so famonn. Some are
scarcely three feet wide , and often very
steep , 'and the houses on each side are
from six to niue Htorio.s high. No ray of
sunlight over penetrates tlio darjc booths
or stores on thu ground Jloor , and it is
little xvoudor that , the- people look sickly
and yellow , and scorn to rush Jo" the open
squares and market places as pHi'ii t\ \
possible These Hireetis are much cleaner ,
however , than one xvould fancy they
might , bo , Ihanks t'j the stringency of Ihu
sanitary laxvs and the vigilance of the
city commissioners.
A XT.ItY DUOIJ , I'ARAION ,
peculiar to Genoa and the vicinity is Ihat
of "bonneting" tlio horde.A very largo ,
broad brimmed Efraw liat , such uu the
peasant men wear , IB trimmed with red
or green ribbons and bound close to the
Head of the patient animal , the side
strings being tied under the jaws , 'J wo
holes are cut for the card , turn the tout-
cnscmblo is very funny , especially xvlion
tlio poor boast is lltllo more tlinn an
animated bundle of bonus. A company
of thorn rnmlnds ono of traveling scare-
croxvs , Al ! o'clock xvo drove lo the
IIAT1IS OK I'KOM ANII OOUIGUASt'S ,
nnd dined at the lalter place in a pretty
garden overlooking the sea. A band of
street performers , xvltlj | i rns and gui'
tars , ri-calcd us xvilli thu national and
native Piedmont airs , The viuxv from
Coriglianus of Iho beautiful
HAituoit or ( HKOA : ,
xvlth its back ground of hills and muiin
tainsl each surmounted by a picturesque
fortress and covered xvith olive grovus
and gardens of magnolia and oleander
trees is inconceivably beautiful at any
time , and when , as at present , the city is
so gaily decorated and the ships , steam
ers , and barks lying in the harbor so
covered with bright pennons , flags-.and ; ,
fffiy canvasses , the sight is one ' ' '
"y * TO UK LUN < ; iu.MiMBr.Kii : : > .
e'or the two ovt-ninsrs of the 18th or
ipth three hundred thousand fruitcs , or
sixty thousand dollars have been oxnemlod
in Genoa , lor decorating and in lire-
works , and to-night the illumination has
been beautiful. Archesof dillerentcoloi'K
cross tlio streets at intervals , brilliant
palm branchesformed with colorcd glass
cups , bend oraeefully fronV'tlio ' houses ,
and fancy designs in gas jots and innum
erable Chinese lanterns turii'"niglit ' into
day. The Uarbicre di Seviglia was given
to-night at the Carlo l dice opera hoiibo.
The king and queen were present nnd
little attention was paid to the artists
during the lirst part of the performance.
The house was jammed and the lowest
price for a scat of any kind was twenty-
Jive dollars. Thasini , said to bo the
greatest tenor liviiig.and the basso Happ ,
were much feted , the king and queen
leadi.ig the applaiiEn.
"
July 20. This morning the king visited"
many of the manufactories and public
buildings , and the queen the asylums
and hospitals. Everywhere they arc re
ceived with the greatest demonstrations
of affection and loyalty , and thn appear
ance in the distance of thu scarlnl and
gold livery of the royal cqinpngcs is a
signal for prolonged shouts nnd much
clapping. At 2 o'clock this afternoon , it
being ( Jueen Marguerite's names-day ,
she went to high mass at the cathedral
and remained kneeling at tlm altar dur
ing the ceremony. She was dressed in a
handsome gray traveling suit and made
n beautiful picture as tlio soft light from
the caudles fell on her bent lii'iiii and
folded arms. On leaving the cathedral
wo drove to
STUIII.A ,
a bathing place , only an hour distant
by carriage from Genoa , nnd after bath
ing ( it being the time , apparently , for the
general afternoon plunge ) , wo had din
ner out-of-doors , in thu most magniliccnt
oleander grove in the vicinity of Genoa.
The trees weru between thirty ami forty
foot high and covered with ( lowers. Wo
returned to the city nt 7 p. m. for
TUB 11KGATTA AND CKOWNINO ILLUMI
NATION.
Our places wo had engaged previously
"Solunta " of the
on board the , ono
man-of-war lyimr about a quarter of u
milu from the quay. Three of thcsu great
vessels were arranged on each Side of
the harbor , ono before the other. And
at8tho : ! ! ( ) royal barge passed liolwuert"
them , and was stationed at thu cud of
tliu two lines formed bv the whips. Thu
king and queen stood in the pavilion
waving , while the six bands , one on
board each vessel , played the national
air. Her majesty was drowsed entirely in
while , with her favorite pearls uroMiid-
licr tliroat. and a rich white mantle over
hcrhhoiildors. When the king'gavo ' the
command for the regatta to commence ,
every gun in the harbor Jired asnlntw.
thnt fairly made one's teeth < tiattorJ,7vq ! , ,
white boat * shot from thu starling point
at tlio wlinrf and as their crews , sailors
of the royal lluet , roy/i'd
swiftly toward the , goal
near the king's lia'rjrn" , the ,
shouts nud erica \\c-re deafening. Tliero
were live races in all , and then llio fire
works commenced. They made u very ,
poor display , and Iho only tiling thut
caved thorn trom universal coiidomnalion
was an oxquhito imitation of the bomitl-
Cathedral of Milan. It burned for nearly
ten minutes and was greatly admired.
The illumination of tlio harbor , yossoh
and city was magnillcent , and every
fortress on the Kurroundng | lulls and
mountain tops was brilliantly lightod.i
thcjr dark outlines markr.d by lnun.u.i < i | .
bio candles. M midnight thi ; royal party
landed , and an hour later th < S folu Jf/Ui ) /
ended. I forgot to mention that 1'agiini
and Ilaiv.agnl , Iho two sculptors of the
monument , to Victor Hmanuol , dlnt'd '
with the king Monday ovt-niiig.
MIHIAM OUASU.