ml
TELE OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUNDAY , AUGUST 8. lS86 TWELYfl 11
THE "IITEBAK EXECUTOR , "
"What Eosnlled from tlio Too Great Haste
of General Adim Badcau ,
' < >
GRANT'S DYING DENUNCIATION.
Undenu's ClnltiiH Intllcuntitly IIU-
putcd by .Monitlcr * of tbo
Onint Knmlly A Death-
' Hnil Mt'cnc.
Philadelphia Times : Among the clos
ing events of General ( irant's life Is a
sick-room scene , in which General Adam
liadeau , nt one time military secretary '
the general , was the principal figure.
Grout surprise is expressed by friends
vyho were close lo General Grant in his
last moments that this occurrence has
not been made public long before this
and that liadeau has been permitted so
> lu'ng'lb continue to pose in the war lit
erature of thu country us the friend and
literary legatee of the departed com
mander , liadeau , who is n New Yorker
by birth , turned up in April , 1HW ( , as an
ulde-tic-cainp on the stair of General
Sherman. On the stall'of General Grant
- asi chief topographical engineer , was
James 11. Wilson , a native of Illinois and
a graduate of West Point in 1800. Wilson
had been assigned to do duty
in that capacity with General
Grant m the flank movement on
Vicksburg in thu direction of Oxford ,
Mississippi , in November and December ,
1802. Subsequently ho attended the
movements of the army of the Tennessee
against Vicksburg , and as topographical
engineer accompanied General Grant in
Iho preliminary movements of the armies
of the military division of the Mississippi.
Jt was through General Wil.son that
liadeau became connected with General
Grant. It appeals that \\il.sou know
liadeau , or thought he did , and intro
duced and recommended him for a place
on Hie .stall' . WiKon's .skill as a topographical
graphical engineer had attracted the at
tention of the commanding general ,
which fact gave weight to his etibrts in
beball of Badeau. About January , 1801 ,
wo tiud liadeau installed at headquarters
of the army as part of General Grant's
military family. From March , 18V ( > , to
May , 18(111 ( , ho was colonel and aid-de
camp to the general of the army , when
ho was plaeed on the retired list.
HAll'\r AII1IOA1) ) .
After General Grant became president
liadeau persuaded him to appoint him
secretary of legation at London and to
the consul generalship at London. This
consular post , with Paris and Liverpool ,
had always been regarded as among the
most desirable places in the gift ot the
government. Pecuniarily they were bet
tor than a diplomatiu mission. These
ollice.s were , therefore , considered as
the legitimate rewards of important
services. The appointment of liadeau to
the pick of the consular service , there
fore did not meet with a very cordial re
ception from the press ami amnog the
do/.en or more war governors , ex-sena
tors and ( itliors who had been relegated
to private life , and thought thai they had
u pre-emption right to such fat places.
Ho was nominated and confirmed never
theless , ami during President Grant's
term did very much i\i ho pleased. When
General Hayes bccaina president , one of
the earliest fiubjoets brought to his atten
tion was liadeau and his performances at
London. His removal was determined
upon "for cause , " but vyas withheld
through the personal solicitation of ex-
President Grant. Three times that
administralion had decided lo get
rid of him , but through General Grant's
influence receded.
THi : MKi : Ol' GRANT.
i'f.Vir . i , Kinnlly the oflieial axe did drop , and
General Adam Badeau found himself
fuiietu.s otlicio , civilly speaking. When
ho returned to New York ho sought his
benefactor. Grant , as the world knows ,
was loug-sufl'orimr toward those whom
be had trusted , lie was apt to.ovcrlook
many things in them which he mteht re
gard as reprehensible in others , liadeau
had early conceived the idea of turning
his attention to the preparation of a mili
tary lifo of'Genoral ' Grant. At that time
the general had no idea of writing his
own recollections and for that reason
acquic.sccd in according facilities to Ba
deau. The general gave him access to
certain papers and other opportunities to
150 on svitb bis labors properly and intel
ligently. Ho had nothing , however , to
do with tlio preparation or the work ,
liadoau was the responsible author , and
whatever returns came out of the enter
prise were to go to him. The first vol
ume of Badeau's work was published in
1807 , and when he went to London ho
Was said to have carried with him a
quantity of documents that ought not to
have left Washington. The succeeding
volumes , however , were not prepared
until after his return to Now York. The
work from divers sourec.s of information
was not made a pecuniary success , owing
to Uudcnu'd own conduct. It scorns that
this literary e lib it gave him the "big
head" to such rn extent that ho insisted
on terms with thu publishers which do
privcd them of any Interest in pushing it-
Tliey accordingly permitted the enter ,
prise practically logo by default. The
volumes hail a restricted sale , and when
it became known that General Grant
would himself prepare the memoirs of
ills military lifo , the autobiographical
work superseded the work of the biogra
pher.THI
THI : I > IIMATURC : ANXOUNCKJIKNT.
In the early months of 1885 , during
those days and weeks of suspense when
the whom country and the world were
momentarily expecting thu announce
ment of the mortal dissolution of the
great captain of the ago , Badeau was nn
occupant of General Grant's residence.
He had a room there and his books and
papers wore thcro. Ho might have been
sahl to have been one of the family. The
crisis In thu general's illness had been
reached. In breathless anxiety Mrs.
Grant , his idolized daughter Nellie , his
sons and the physician stood by the
couch of thu dying hero. For a moment
it was thought that ho had passed away.
It had boon whispered , "Ho is gone. "
WlthJnUecorous haste , without stopping
to verify the lirst announcement that
death bad come at lust , General liadoau ,
who was iu the house , hastened down
stairs. Rushing excitedly out upon the
front steps ho hailed the vigils of the
presswho had long hold watch upon the
means of egress from the mansion. In a
state of great agitation ho announced
that d'l'Jierul Grant had just died , and
* that lnj hud mttdo him his "literary oxee-
utor. "
An tlm .world Knows , General Grant did
uo'tdio , , nt that time , lnt : rallied sufllciout-
iy tp meet many of his friends and re-
culvq.many Jotters of congratulation upon
ins Improvement ,
. , , , , , . , c THI : r.NT.u.\L's WKvrii ,
A very short time alter this rally Gen
eral Grant asked for thu newspapers.
One having been handed him ho opened
it and began to read. Ills eyes rested
upon the accounts of his supposed fatal
( \tack ( % His attention was specially at
tracted by the statement that General
Grant , before his death , had named General -
oral liadoau as his "literary executor , "
This thu general pronounced a falsehood
in every respect. Ho was greatly irritated
ami uxritod , but calmml himself until ho
could ascertain whether liadeau had
really .made the statement himself or
ir.h.otcr | | it , was simply an Inference
drawn from hi.s hasty nppuarancn and
premature announcement of the gen
eral's death to tha reporters ut the front
stops. A friend of tlm general was dep
utized to make the Investigation , The
reporters present all agreed in the fact
thtit General Uadcau hud himself dcclixr-
> . "V
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Anicftl'lacc,1)ellonc'n add , , Itcd-
ick's Groi'e,7"i'a'l-t2 Good house
1507 Farnam street. Convent st. $7,000. 1507 Farnam street ,
cd to them that ho had been named Gen.
Grant's "literary executor. " This information
mation was conveyed to General Grant.
Having it from undoubted sources , ho
sent for liadoau and without prelimina
ries asked him by what authority he had
been announced as his "literary execu
tor. " liadeau , nonplussed by the sud
denness of this unexpected interroga
tory , tried to wave the m.ittcr off as one
of the unauthorized statements of the
press. The general asked him whether
ho had not convoyed the intelligence of
his supposed death lo the members of the
press nn the street , liadeau endeavored
to evade that , but upon being narrowed
down to a direct reply admitted that bo
had given out the premature information
of his death. ' 'And , " julded the general ,
" 1 nave satisfactory proof that you an
nounced yourself as my literary execu
tor , whicli was falsa in .every . particular
and a breach of faith. 1 command you
to leave my house , never to enter it
again. " General Badeau , overwhelmed
by this withering rebuke , left the house.
His books and papers were packed by
servants and sent to his address.
GIIA.NT'3 VAl'URS.
After'0 tUc ! exit of Badeau Genera
Grant's feeling of indignation over this
affair seems to have known no bounds.
It rankled in his mind. For days in the
midst of his sufferings lie brooded over it ,
making notes meanwhile of the tolerance
ho had shown liadeau ; how ho had tried
to make a man of him ; how he had re
proved him in hopes of making man
of him. These memoratla were
written out by the general himself , and
addressed to liadeau in the form of an
cplbolarv reprimand. The original of
this letter is preserved. A copy was
sent to General liadeau.
It is claimed by General liadoau that
ho has many of General Grant's papers
from which he will work up literary ma
terial. His future operations will de
termine with the family of General Grant
whether to take legal stops to recover
them. General liadeau jiart of the time
was simply nn employe in the service of
General" Grant and when preparing his
military lifo was merely permitted to ox-
amlna the general's papers to guide him
in his work. If any papers wore ab
stracted or copied for other use the dis
covery of the fact will bo likely to load to
legal prosecution. When Grant allowed
him the use of certain papers ho never
expected such violation ot confidence ,
liadeau claims to liuvo the original of
General Grant's announcement of General
Leo's surrender. This is correct , and
came about in this manner : After the sur
render of the confederate forces by Gen
eral Leo , on April 0 , General Grant
started back on horseback , accompanied
by some of his staff and a small escort ,
for liurkvillu , about thirty miles distant ,
where ho intended to take the cars for
City Point , Having ridden some distance
it suddenly occurred to the general that
ho had not formally announced the sur
render of General Lee and his nrmy.
Keining his horse , ho dismounted and ,
asking ono ot his staff for some paper , sat
down ami wrote a telegram officially in
forming the government and country of
the event. The wires ot tlio Hold tele
graph were stretched along the roadside.
The dispatch was sent and soon the coun
try know of the crowning act of the cam
paign In Virginia.
Uadcnii asked permission of the gen
eral to make a copy of the dispatch , al
lowing him to retain tlio original and
wire the copy. It is presumed that G en
oral Grant gave assent to this. If General
oral liadeau has copies of any other
papers , unless he can show authority for
their possession , ho has them in violation ,
it is charged , ot thu confidence of his
former chief. He has had no access to
any documents nor to the family since
about April , 1895. It was assorted that
liadeau had a contract with General
Grunt in regard to certain literary work.
General Grunt noycr admitted any such
arrangement , The family hnvti never
been able to see the contract , and none b
believed to exist. Judicial proceedings
will elicit that fact it the allegation Is re
newed.
It was observed that nt the funeral
ceremonies at Mount McGregor and at
New York that General Hadeau wa ? not
among those who nud been near to the
departed chieftain in his military and
civil lifo and wcro his mourners with his
family around the catafalque and the
grave. RANDOLPH.
Fronted or tlio
An English boy , 14 years old , who has
been working for George Watt , Mountain
City , Canada , was strucu by lightning
July Bth and instrntly killed. His boots
wore torn off and found live feet from
his body.
During a severe storm near Macunglc ,
Loliigh county , Pa. . July 27th , Amauuus
Dofcnderlor , a farmer , was struck by
lightning and _ instantly killed while work
ing in his Held. Five or six farm hands
who wcro working with him wcro ren
dered unconscious for several hours.
Gtorgo L. Pringle , a wealthy farmer
living about eight miles from Shickshin-
ny , Pa. , was instantly killed by lightning
March 19. Ho was overtaken by a storm
and was struck by the fatal bolt while in
the act of crossing a stone wall. The
deadly Hash was tfio only ono that oc
curred dtirinp the day , and was all the
more surprising on account of tlio cold
ness of the weather.
In Attleborough , Mass. , July 29 , a tene
ment house owned by Fred Fogg was
wrecked. The lightningstruck the chim
ney , running down to the roof , tearing
iho ridgoboard and shingles up , and en
tered the building in its downward
course , lionnio Packard , aged 23 years ,
a hack-driver , was instantly killed. Ho
was found lying against tlio door. The
shoo on his right foot was torn into
pieces , his underclothing and outside
garments torn from him , and ho was
nearly nude.
The 18-year-old daughter of James
.Beau , a farmer living near Copley , Pa. ,
was to have been married Saturday even
ing , July 17. She had a favorite 'Jersey
cow which she called Daisy , and which
she always milked herself. Durin ' the
afternoon the girl took her milk pan and
started for the barn , "i am going to milk
Daisy for the last time , " she said to her
mother , as she went out the door. \ \ bile
Miss liean was m the barn milking
lightning struck the building , and the
bolt killed both the girl and the cow.
During a terrible thunderstorm on the
night of July 25 , ni the vicinity of Ot
tawa , Canada , a fearful tragedy was enacted -
acted in the cottage of Joseph Godorau.
The lattor's aunt , who had died thu day
previous , was being waked up by some
neighbors anil relatives , when n oolt of
lightning descended the chimney , and
striking the coffin , which was near the
fireplace , shattered it to pieces. Two
young men who sat near the corpse were
instantly killed , and si.v others who were
in different parts of the room were seri
ously affected.
While crossing the Iron hill , Colorado ,
July 4 , George Edwards was struck by
lightning. It was considered fatal , but
ho is now recovering slowly. His case
'
js a most remiirkably'onc , ami is attract
ing considerable atlontion from scientific
men. Edwards after the flash , remained
unconscious for fully fifteen minutes before -
fore receiving assistance. The lightning
struck him on the loft cheek , knocking
out a number of his leotli. It then
passed diagonally aeross his breast to the
right side , thence to the feet , coming out
of the right foot , having passed entirely
through the foot , leaving a hole very sim
ilar to ono made by a bfillot. His cloth
ing was torn into fragments , particles
being found a distance of 200 feet from
the spot , and ono of tlio boots , both of
whlnh we.ro torn into shreds , was found
sixty foot away. Immediately underneath -
noath where Edwards was standing the
ground was torn up for a considerable
distance. The lightning's course along
the body was shown by a blaok streak
ono and a half inches wide. The worst
result Is the injury It the lung , the iuimo.
din to effect being a severn hemorrhage ,
by which a quart of blood was lost. In
addition to these Injuries the surface of
the body was almost completely covered
with blisters , tlio result of the severe
burns. This , it Is said , is the lirst au
thentic instance of n person being in
jured by a stroke of lightning nt an altitude -
titudo of over.10,000 foot , and where per
sons affected internally , as Mr , Edwards
was , are not instantly killed.
BORROWED PLUMAGE.
Hired Finery at Seaside nurt Moun
tain Klaliorato Toilets nt
S nuil I Cost.
Philadelphla'Record : There is a curi
ous brokerage business carried on in n
Mtite of Weil-furnished rooms in a. prom
inent oflicp 'building ' on Walnut street.
There isn'ho' ' < sign out and no display
made , bu't'thJro is a frequent coming
and gom" ; " of _ well-dressed ladies , and
o cry indication of a nourishing bust-
ness. A1 briijk little man , with an off
hand manllbr'.aud a profusion of jewelry ,
is the manager ot the establishment.
His assistants are all women , for the
place is the ? agency of a Now York house
which makes a business of hiring out
costly drcarse.4 for summer , seaside or
mountain wear , and even to parties who
are makiilg n trip to Europe. The busi
ness of hiririn ; out gentlemen's dress
suits for1' balls and parties has for
years boeh"'au evory-day thing , and
a fair prdnortion of the. claw-hammer
coats scon at mixed gatherings are hired
from the costumur. The renters of those
garments drive a very profitable trade ,
often in less than amontligottingtho full
price of a Ilrst-class broadcloth suit from
its hire , and the garments are very llttlo
the worse for wear. A well-known Ninth
street costumer has now in his possession
a favorite suit , which is yet good for a
year's hiring , for whioh ho paid $33 , and
which in less than ten months has net
ted him | 93. Equally as common a thing
is the renting from evening to evening of
ball-loom costumes for ladies who can't
afford to buy expensive dresses for ono
or two occasions. They can hire a ball
room dress , shoos , stockings and lace
shawl , which would cost $200 , for from
if.1) to ? 25 a night. If they are known they
arc not required toleavo n depositother ;
wise the price of the outfit is left with the
costumer , to bo returned when the _ dross
comes back.
"Such outfits , " said a man who has
been in the business in this city for tun
years , "aro often hired by brides ami
bridesmaids , and for a consideration wo
often make .special costumes of the most
costly character tor such occasions. By
this means at half cost a bride may bo
rigged up as line us though she wcro an
heiress. Wo take the dresses back and
use them to hire out to other parties who
ore not particular about absolutely now
costumed , and thus make a fair profit , "
One coslumor In the city , who does a
very large business in a quiet way for the
fashionable people , has in his possession
125,000 worth of dresses , robes , shawls
and other female finery which lias come
to him in various ways. Mony rich people
ple , ho says , sell their ball-room dresses
at the end of a season. They will not
use them a second season , and get back
n part of the cost in this way. These
dresses are lured out to less particular
people , who are thus on special occas
ions able 10 appear in finery as elaborate
and rich as that of the most elegant
ladies of Woijt Walnut street.
This sort of second-hand dressing1 has
been common for years post , but thu
business of furnishing Mich costumes tins
grown rapidly within a short timo. The
Walnut street broker's businessto which
reference has boon made , is , however ,
good deal in advance of this. Ho hired
out his stock for months , anil will furnish
a female tourist or an Idler at the shore
with a complete wardrobe of dinner
dresses , afternoon toilets and ball-room
dresses , which she takes away with her
in the big Saratoga , and returns when the
tour or the season is over.
"How dp you manage it ? " the dapper
little broker was asked ,
"Very easily. We have in Now York
hundreds of 'dresses which r.re practic
ally new. Spmo of them nro entirely
now. A Judy customer who wants to
spend twomonths ; at the seaside conies in
anil tolls us wjmt she wants. Perhaps it
is four line dresses. Ordinary walking
and lounging dresses she has. Wo don't '
hire such It would not pay. We take
her measure , and if wo can n't her , even
by altering tlio dresses we have on hand ,
wo Us , her up with one or
two elaborate ball-room outfits , n
dinner dress anil so on , as she may
desire. If.aho should attempt to pur
chase such an outfit as wo could furnish
her , it would cost her not less than SI,500.
Wo charge her ? 500. She don't wear the
dresses often cnouph to do them any so-
sious injury , and : lt the end of two
months she lias had her full of the finery ,
and would not wear them a second sea
son if she owned , while we have our ifOOO
and our outfit damaged probably if200
worth. She has saved $1,000 ; wo have
had a profit of $250. Ain't that right ?
Our New York house has unlimited capi
tal , and branches hero and other cities.
Now hero is another instance which act
ually oeeui red in Philadelphia not long
ago : A lady who has a very fair fortune
was about to take a trip to Europe. She
proposed to travel on the continent , and
lo do it in good style , but as cheaply im
possible. But the cost of a wardrobe of
line dresses , which she thought neces
sary , made her hesitate. The outfit sliu
desired would cost her , in addition to the
every day dresses needed , about $8,000.
The upshot of the matter was
that we furnished her the out-
lit , now , made to her order ,
charged her $3,200 for the use of them
fourteen weeks , and got the dresses back
almost as good as new. Since then those
dresses netted us more than they cost ,
and wo sold thorn to a customer recently
for $500. Ho will use them for ono night
ball room 'rents,1 or for the making up
of fancy dresses. No ono knows nowa
days in the society of a richly dressed
woman whether slio _ bo rich or not ,
whether her splendid toilet is her own or
has been hired. The sea side resorts ,
and especially Long Branch , Saratoga
and such places , uro crowded with ladies
who are sporting hired lincry , and the
diamonds and jewels which flash from
their bosoms and arms are paid for at so
much n week for the season.
' Do you rent out jewels also ? "
"No , wo leave that to the fashionable
jewellers. There is not a jeweller in this
city , probably , who has a largo stock and
capital enough , who dons not , as a com
mon practice , rent out jewelry by the
day , by the week or by the month. Of
course it is an expensive luxury , this hir
ing of jewels. But it is done by the rich
and oflon by Iho poor. A young lady
who is about togctmarrind , or has an in
vitation to a swell ball , if her parents are
known to bo responsible , will go to a
jeweler and hire a diamond necklace or
u diamond charm , or something of that
sort which she cannot afford to own , and
for a few dollars can look , for 0110 night
at lou&t , as resplendent as an empress. If
she has not the credit she ma.y , for in
stance , got 4100 worth of diamonds by
depositing that amount for the security
of the stores , pay a rental of $3 or $5 ,
and the next day got back the $100 de
posited. This is done every day , and jew
ellers are , of eour.so , glad to get trade of
that sort. They run no I-ISK and the
profit is great , The whole business Is i\
good deal like borrowing money from a
pawnbroker at an enormous per cent , a
month , and It is getting to bo almost as
common. In Pans and London the prac
tice is such a matter of fact that no great
'bones'aro ' made of it , and very little so-
crooy observed. The nobility arc espec
ially guilty of the practice , and old fam
ily jewels which have boon said foi years
are regularly hired upon great occasions
and worn to disguise the unhappy state
to which the family exchequer has been
reduced.
Getting Hid of n Hook Agent.
Santa liosa ( Cal. ) Democrat : A lady in
lids city , who has a reputation of liking
her jokes , perpetrated one on a book
agent on a recent day that ho will long
remember. About 10 o'clock ono morn
ing the agent , n young man of perhaps
twenty-four years , approached the afore
said lady's residence , on Third street ,
and ringing the bell , waited patiently for
thu summons to be answered. Little did
ho know what was in store for him ; if ho
had ho would have given that house u
wide berth , Soon the door was opened
by our lady friend , who , upon noticing
the book ( family Bible ) , already opened
in the agent's hands , while the face above
it was wreathed iu a sanctimonious smile ,
assumed an artlitia expression of counte
nance , and , squinting her eyes behind
her steel-ribbed spectacles , screeched
asked ' 'What'll ' "
rather than , you huyof"
The agent said : "Madam , would you
not like to have a nice family Bible for
your parlor _ table ? " "No , sir : parlor
table , indeed ! Think that's the place
for : i Bible , hey ? " The agent was
somewhat startled , but being a sharp
fellow , discovered that ho had made a
mistake , and adopted other tactics. Ho
asked her if she would not like ono to
read , if not for ornamental purposes.
Then came the startler. "Young man , "
she said , "I have got a bible that I have
used for 200 years , and I know every
word of it by heart , from begining to
end. " This statement was accompanied
by robust gesticulations and awful grim
aces of countenance. The young man
began backing off. and when the baa
concluded remarked that if .she had a
bible ho , of course , could not sell her an
other. At the foot of the steps ho paused
and turning around asked the huly if she
was sure she had road her bible for 200
years. The result of this question more
than startled him. She to whom it was
directed started toward him , almost
screeching out her former statement , and
aoncludeiFby asking him if ho doubted
her veracity. Ho 01 the bible bolted for
the front gacpn ( tjip keen jump , giving
ono backwaid glance after getting on the
outside. He called next door and told
his experience , concluded by asking how
old "that woman" was. The neighbor
appreciated the joke , and soon after
called on her friend. They have not got
through laughing over the disconsolate
book agent yet. This is a fact.
A Iluincd Wall Street Mnn.
Now York Correspondence Brooklyn
Union : It is remarkable how men pop
up in Wall street , and then disappear.
They generally disappear , 1 may remark ,
in ruin. They are fcoon forgotten. To
name the men who have gone down with
a crash would make too long a list. Ono
year ago Henry N. Smith was a great
liguro in Wall street. Now he is never
heard of uor thought of. He is ruined
beyond the possibility of recovery , it is
believed , because ho owes'so much that
ho never can pay up. Yet ho haunts thu
street. There is the old fascination to
lure him to the ticker. It has been said
that the man who had once dabbled in
stocks could never leave the ticker until
ho was driven from it , but ho could not
exist out of its clatter. It was not sur
prising to see him walking up Wall
the other afternoon , but it was like meet
ing a stranger. Ho had been keeping in
seclusion , lie did not look much as ho
iiSid to. Ho was in his prosperous day
onu of the best dressed men in the .street.
Ho always cut a rather ridiculous figure ,
to bo euro , with his pudgy body and bow
leg * , but his garments were of the most
expensive cloth and the most stylish cut ;
his shoes were polished until they Khouo
like a mirror , and bis hat , usually a tall
one. was without a speck in summer , and
in winter ns glossy as if from tlio hatter's
ham's ' His linen was Immaculate , and
ho was in every way Iho pink of perfec
tion.
tion.His
His famous fifty pairs of trousers gave
him a change a day for nearly two
niontlH. Ho had about us many coats
and vests , and ho never were a suit two
days in succession , nor even a whole day
through , for ho was euro lo make a
change before dinner. Except in tlio
summer , when ho was usually at Long
Branch , ho appeared at the Windsor
hotel in the evening , strutting up and
down the tiled floor and swlugln/'a / natty
cano. When I passed him the past week
ho was clad in n suit that was poor in lit ,
ugly in color , and nothing extra in qual
ity. His hat was n sort of distorted billy
cock iu shape , and a cross between n
paviiig-stono and u soft-shell crab in
color. He , of eour o , is able to live com
fortably on the properly standing in his
wife's name , but he has lost his siilrit ,
and it was not easy to rccognixc him In
his unbecoming utlire. Ho was alone ,
and as ho walked up the street no ono
paid any attention to him , Only a short
year Ijoforo half the men in Wall street
hung mi hii words and regarded him
almost with awe , In times past he lias
made and lost millions on the figures
jetted down on the tape , but now ho can
only look at them and { juuss which way
the market is going without being able
to gamble on the figures.
A NEW ELECTRICAL FORCE ,
The Phonoporo nr.il tbo Kenwrfcablo Re-J
suits of Ia ( Worfeiug , I
AN ENGLISHMAN'S ' DISCOVERY ,
Solving tlio Problem of
anil Telephony on nn Open
Circuit.
It ha ? long been known , snys the Lon
tlon Timesthat if a telephone bo inserted
in a wire situated near lo a Hue of
graph Wires every passing telegraph cur
rent will produce noises in tlie telephone ,
although the telephone wire is perfectly
insulated from tlio telegraph wires. These
noises are termed "Induction noises , "
and they constitute one of the greatest
obslables iu the way of long distance tele
phony , l-'ngngcd In investigating the
plu-nomeiia of iiitlucllortJ'M'ith ' the view
to ( lulling measures Of obviating its ef
fects in telephones , U. Lungdon Davies
has had occasion to examine It under a
great variety of conditions , both nt home
and abroad.
On a very long telegraph wire per ;
haps one of the longest direct wires in
the world from Aniscrdjfui ( to JJorlla ,
very sirong curruritsl whro used , nrodue-
ing so powerful an efl'oct on a neighbor ?
Ing telephone as to lead Mr. Davies to the
hypothesis that the .so-called""InductloM'f
was caused by some form of electrical
force which migjil be separated from our *
rents , and which would pass Iroely
through In.sulatori Imnnssablo by cur
rents , ami further , that if this wcro o it
new series of Instruments might bo con
structed for the employment of thlfl
force , and which , moreover , could be put
In action In company with currant in *
strumonts on the same wire. The line
of research thus indicated has been per-
.sovorlngly followed by Mr. Davies , and
has. after long and patient research , led
to the completion by him of a variety of
instruments of apparently great practi
cal utility , as was recently demonstrated
tons by Mr. Davlcsatlris office in Ion ?
don.
don.Those
Those remarkable results they pro ;
duet' speak for themselves' . . The reasoli
why they are produced constitute ncWJ
problem.- mathematical physics whicli
have not yet been solved , The only ,
form of electrical force which ( iritis free
passage through them appears to bo
always capable of being associated wltli
sound. The name "phonoporic impulse * }
has heretofore been given to the force !
and that of "phonoporo" to the inslru *
me nl. ' ,
The first phonoporo constructed , of
which those subsequently made are mod
ifications , may bo described as a repro
duction of a line of telegraph wires un
der eondilions favorable to the transmis
sion of phonnporic impulses. A num
ber of wires , .separately insulated , were
bound together into a kind of oablo RTK |
reeled upon u bobbin. It was found that
the phonoporio impulses passed freely
through the insulation from wire to wire , '
while currents could not pass at all :
Another fact was ascertained by MrJ
Davies , and this is of great importance/ /
because it solves tlio problem of telegraphy - "
graphy and .telephony on an open cur
rent. Whoir one end of each wire wan
insulated .so ' , that there was no current ;
the attention of the phonoporio impulse * )
continued unaltered.The1 manner in
which the phonoporo is applied to the ,
construction of telegraphic and telo-j
phonic instruments is practically the
same. Its exterior form is similar to'
that of an induction coil. The impulses
are generated in a primary circuit of.im > '
proved construction , and over it is wound
in place of a secondary qirquit n phono- !
pore of two wires ; , ca6h insulated
throughout its length and at ono end , tho7
other end being connected to the lino. \
When the instrument is attelegraph the
number of phonoporic impulses generated
in the transmitter per second is regulated
by tlm vibrations of an organ roea placed
in the primary circuit. Another reed , *
tuned to the t-amo rate of vibration , is
placed as a receiver at the distant station'
in front of an eleclro-magnot. and tlui
plionoporia impulses from * tlio trans- ,
milter cailSo it to vibrale. Two light
hammers touch the receiver reed and
complete a'local relay circuit when the' '
reed is still , but break it whenever the'1
reed vibrates , thereby Hotting in nctloa !
any required instrument in connection
with any battery. When the phonoporo
is used in constructing a telephone tWi
organ reed in the primary circuit of the"
transmitter is replaced by microphone ;
contacts , and a telephone Is used for/
receiver. The series of phor.oporcs dV\ \
ready completed includes a variety ot
other subsidiary instrument , both > ] R !
telegraphy and telephony , ns welliis Ira-1
provomonts in known processes and new ;
forms of signaling instruments which ;
constitute a long list. I
Having described the basis of JlrJ
Davios' ingenious invention and tho'
nature of the instruments doviscd by bin ;
for carrying it into effect , we will next }
turn to the results of working as recently
witnessed by us , and wiiich present )
some very remarkable features , T4w
phonoporo telegraph transmitter le
worked bv nn ordinary Morse key , mad
its receiver wets in notion an ordinary ,
Morse sounder , printer , or other tele
graph instrument , so that any telegraph *
ist can use it at once. On a jiureJy ,
phonoporic line , or open circuit , it WM
shown to work the Morse through R ,
stated resistance of 275,000 ohms with A ;
line buttery of less than six volts , white'
to enable tin ordinary telegraph to * > ver-j
come this resistance n battery of thon.5
sands of volts would ho required.
The phonoporo telephone transmitter
was shown to bo equally powerful. On
the open circuit , with a battery of two
Lccluncho cells and used without the aid
of a diaphragm , by simply speaking lethe
the carbons we found it to transmit the
voice full round , and clear through the
same resistance whioh may bo said to bo
equivalent to n wire round the earth.
But the great importance iof. thu phono-
pore lies in the fact that It cau bo worked
simultaneously with the ordinary tolo-
graphs. Knoh phonoporo inserted m a
line Is connected to it by two terminal
screws , and it breaks th t'onilncting-Jln ?
circuit , The circuit can bo restored b.j
connecting an ordinary telegraph instru
ment to the mime torjniptil screws , when
the two classes of instruments can bo put
in action together , yet their respective
signals will bo kept us'sopnrate as if they
were working on , separate wiros. Kv
pressed practically , this moans that l > y
the phouoporo the government might
have provided for the six-penny telegram
system at the uxpoiiKo of something like
onu-tenth of tlio cost of the new wires re
quired
Phon opores have been constructed lo
modify the noises made by telegraphs in ? s
telephones , BO that ordinary telegraphs '
have boon worked simultaneously with
satisfactory phouoporo telephones on the
same wiro. Thu telegraph iioUos nro so ,
various in their nature , and uro pro
longed under such varying conditions ,
that the construction ol phonopores to
deal with them all must nocesiarily l > o a
work of time. Other phonoporo's aorvo
to connect wires , so that phonoporio im
pulse.- puss from wire to wire while the 1
ordinary curionU are retained in their , , '
proper channels. A now form of signal'1
is introduced in which sensitive or Blue
ing flames am set in action by rythmio '
phonoporio impulses. The phonoporo I
telegraph bcin # u Ji t'monica telegraph.
the fiimultniioous working of ouch tele
graphs on the sauui wire is u question of *
detail in construction. Looking nt whnt 1
has boon done ami what it is ihiduclulo '
may bo done , the upphonlioiiHof the pho. *
npppro system would scorn to be cau&bl "
of almost indeuuito extension.
