THE DAILY BUjfl-COUNCIL BLURFS SATURDAY , OCTOBER 18
THE DAILY BEE.
Saturday Morning October 10 ,
OFFICE :
Mo. 7 r arJ Btroet , Near Broadwa ? .
MINOK MENTION ,
See .1. lloitor'a now fall slock of cloths.
Work haa commenced on Iho Scott
otrcol bridge.
The democrats hold Ihoir township
primaries Monday evening.
Gorham the photographer at ill Main
alrcot IB now ready for business.
The Anolont Order of Illborninnn will
give n grand ball on Iho 28d inst.
Iho democrat * promise to have f > , OCO
torches nnd 15 bands of muslo in the parade -
rado to-night.
Captain Ilayos is going to bo a candi
date bforo the democratic township con.
volition for thn ofllco of constable.
A package of underwear was lost on
the dummy train from Omaha Thursday
night. Howard nlll bo given the finder
for ita return to the postoflico.
Jacknon in boarding a
Mr. Willis ,
caught his foot In the
Main Street car ,
stop , was thrown to tno ground nnd
dragged along the now atone pavement ,
but luckily escaped with n few brulaos.
The city marshal wnnta the nidowalka
cleared so that the democratic visitor to
night may have room. Does ho moan lo
insinuate that Bomo of them will bo In
a condition to take up the whole side ,
walk ?
There will probably bo n mooting of
the board of trudo at an early date to
consider the propoaod starting of alovo
worka here , Ihoro having boon some cor-
rospoudonco had by seine would-bo In
vestors.
The young folka of the Molhodlst
church tool at Mr. Toslovln's rosldonco
Thursday evening aud organized n nocioty
the purpose of which is to give entertain
ments nnd socials for Iho benefit of the
church.
Marshal Guanolla notified nil the pub-
lie to clear all sidewalks to-day of boxes
barrels , goods , and nil kiuda of rubbish ,
03 it is expected that the streets will
swarm with vl Uors , and the city ahould
give them every chance ,
"Ever near us though unseen tlio dear
immortal spirits tro d. " Spiritual circle
tomorrow ( Sund y ) afternoon nnd eve
ning In Spiritual Uall nt 2 aud 7:30. : En-
trauco ou Main and Pearl streets , ataita
two doors south of postoflico.
John N. Baldwin haa got reused up by
the rough way In which the dear old
grandmother talked about him , nnd now
proposes taking the aturap against Ly-
man in this district , ns well aa making
the old lady cover her f. co with her
apron in shame nt the naughty things
aha has said.
The dear old lady now finds fault with
tlio paving nnd aoworago contraolora
because the work on Broadway ia not
completed. The contraolora aay that
they have pushoa the work faster by fnr
than the city haa paid for it , and the
delays have boon caused by tlio financial
If , backwardness of the city.
A ledge of the Knights nnd Ladies of
Honor will bo organized in this city "Wed
nesday evening , October 22d. All per
sona interested will ploaao moot at the
Excelsior photograph gallery , 110 aouth
Main street , nt 7.UO sharp. Further information -
formation regarding the order can bo ob
tained by consulting W. W. Chapman
Oooko , or J. F. Borko Frank.
A now pound Is being built just north
of the city jiil. If onc-hnlt the time
was spent in catching tramp cows , that is
spout in issuing orders , building aud re
moving pounds , and going through false
motions , the parking aud shrubbery would
bo bolter protected , nnd there would bo
less grumbling. By the time the city
gets ready to protect the property of
citizens , there will bo no property to
protect.
Ono of the evening papers makes the
query , when Is the work on Indian crook
to commence ? The work waa commenced
two days before the query was propound
ed by the ileopy journal. There have boon
twenty teams nud a largo number of men
at work for several daya cutting through
the high ground near Twentieth avenue , n
nud on Monday next it is expected that
the force will bo increased largely , and
the work will bo puihod vigorously.
Olllcar Hurley has been assisting in
raising aoinu money in aid of the old a
man Leo , whcso team waa burned in last
Saturday night's firo. About $80 have
BO far been secured , and the charitably
inclined should awoll the amount by vol
untary contributions. A llttlo from each
would not bo felt , and aggregated would
once more place a worthy workingman on
an independent , self-supporting footing.
Such money ia placed where it will do
the moat good , surely , n
The speakers announced for the dem
ocratic demonstration to night are Hon.
John G. Csrliile , peaker of thu houio of
representatives , Hon. M. V , Gannon ,
the candidate for sUoruoy general in this
state , aud the Hon. Gilbert Da L * Mat ) r , it
ex-cougraumau from Indiana. Tito .
speakers' lUnd will be erected at the
intersection of Broadway and Bancroft
streeU. The pirado vriU form on Broad *
way with the right retting on Sixth
street , and will inarch down Sixth street
to Sixth avenue , lut on Sixth avenue to at
Msiustnut lUiu struct atof
, up toBroadwsy ,
I'l
liroadvny to Fint street
op , aud ibeu r *
to Bancroft itreot. CO
, _ ,
' " /ffjll
The MisnoB ilntclion mid Wftlkor nro
to hnro MI r t exhibition in their ntudio
this nHorr.oon and evening , to which they
Imvo liivdotl tholr frionde.
The dis'rict ' court for thin county
opviiind on Friday Inat. The Bar Docket
WAS printed at the Sidney Union ofllco ,
and fthows 100 civil canes in the court
thin term , nnd tncnty-throo criminal
costs. Fiflovn civil cuaca and three
criminal cases nro from Hamburg.
Eleven of the criminal canon larceny ,
Ihroo for nsaixult , tliroo for nuisance , ono
for burglary , ono for gambling , ono for
arson , one for vagrancy , ono for malicious
mtsp.hlof , nnd ono for nsnault with intent
to commit rapo. Six of the criminals
are confined In jail , nnd the remainder
are under bond. Thoao in jail nro F. M.
Hrlggs , for burglary ; Ohna , Whimplo , for
stealing n mare near AlcPaul ; 0 , II.
Stringloy , for atoaling n liorso from Silas
Hurl , near Sldnoy ; K. 1) . Itatnaoy , for
pretending to neil corn to Pole WikolF
nnd accepting money on the name when
ho hud no corn , and Oharlon Jnmos , for
burning Web Morrow'n barn.
The roller nknto mostly In favor noomfl
bo tlio ono with the 2j inch brass lined
wheels , the largest In use. II. D. Miller ,
1000 Fourth nvonuo , Council Blull's la
the western ngoni for these Bkatos , and is
having nn Immonoo BUCCOSS in Bulling the
sumo. Ho carries n largo and well as
sorted stock of club , half club nud strop
skates.
1'lOllbON i.S
J. Woliuborg , of Mllwaiikoo , wna nt the Op
tion yoalcrdny.
A , W. llnrt , of DOR Moitio * , opecinl ngont
of thu llnwkoyo inaiirnnco coui ] < any , wna In
Iho city ycslordny.
Mm. S. T , I'ronch rctunicd homo yesterday
from an oxtniulod wcntcrn trip , nnd > ieit to
friunila In JtmJ\illo , Imvinff bcou nbsont nonr-
ly four inontLs.
0.1) . Millar , of Topolcn , Knnsns.
thoBO who roaclidd llcchtolo'a yoatordny.
Dr. 0. L. I.uik , roprcoeiitliiR Chivs. H.
1'hllUiM , mtintifncturliit , ' chninlit of Now York ,
! a at tlio Ogdon. Asidu from business ho
mootn here some of liis old frionda who gladly
woloomo him , na ho is n "rinlit Rood follow"
every way.
O. W. Hubhard , of Sioux Mills , the grnnlto
limn , it in the city , junking hundqnnrtora nt
Bcclitclo'a.
K. li. Gregory , of Cincinnati , dined nt
Itochtolo'a ywtorday.
G. O. Hubbnrd , of Michigan City , ia in the
city visiting hta brother , O. S. Ilubbard.
"Wrought Iron ranges at reduced prices
DoVol & Wright , 50-1 Broadway.
Koaolutlona of Woman's
A mooting of the members of the \Vo-
innu'a cxchango hold at the Y. 31. 0. A.
roomn , this city , on Thursday , lUth iuat.
passed the following resolutions :
Ueaolvod , To give to the public our
purpose in organizing the exchange , viz , :
To create a building fund through our
own individual oll'ort to aid the construc
tion of tlio now church now under way
by the 1'resbytorlau society of Council
The \Vomans' exchange waa organized
in March , 188 1 , nnd haa now enrolled 132
members , having pledged themselves to
oiirn ? ( j annually toward this fund a
total of $000. In addition to this wo
hnvo an exposition ono week in this city ,
the not rucoipts amounting to $000.
Resolved , to extend our thanks to the
public for ita liberal patronage ; to the
merchants represented at our exposition ,
who aided ao materially in the auccoaa of
the undertaking to the firm of Oasady ,
Orcutt it French in particular for electric
light and many other ncchmmodationa ; to
the press for service- rondo ted ; to the
Herald in particular , which furnished all
space used in ita columns gratuitously ;
to the llorist , Mr. Goator , who furnished
decorating plants ) to the gentlemen
who served as night watch , nnd nil gen
tlemen who served ao kindly nnd faith
fully. To Mr. Dohanoy for the uao of
curtains and acouory. To Mr. Kilca for
printing , bnuucis , etc. , nnd all others
who kindly aided us ,
Itcaolvod , That these expositions will
bo given annually ; no placa spocifu-d
until the church is entirely out of debt.
lluiolved. That these resolutions bo
made public and placed upon our ro-
corda.
corda.Miw.
Miw. K. D. F. FISIIKU , Secretary.
< lutlKO Junto * ' Ueslniiiuloii.
The city council haa not taken any fur
ther action on the resignation of Aid.
James , of the Fourth word , but at the
next mooting it ia expected that the city
attorney will report u to whether it will
bo necessary to hold a special election to
till the vac ncy , or whether the council
can select n man , or whether the mayor
can appoint. The fact is that the coun
cil haa not yet really accepted the rejig.
nation. The committee his reported
that it considered the resignation on
insult to the council , aud unless
written apology was filed by a certain
day , it forced the accepting of the resig-
nation. Thia report was concurred in , (
but no official report has been tnido as
to whether the required apology his been
filed , and it is neecsiary yet to have auh
report , before final action is taken. In
the meantime JudgoJames may conclude
to withdraw his reiiguatiou , and then the
council will have neither resignation uor
apology to act upon. Ho would
duubtlcu do so if it waa
not that the report charg
ing him with insulting the
council ia on record aud the demand for
an apology from him. If this ia with-
dravti the sldermiu will doubile&a with
draw his resignation and peaeo restored ,
the farca Trill go ou until the pcoplo get
chance to riug down the curtain by a
new election. It ia understood that when
?
the council jumped ID at the clunco to
got rid of Aid. James thai they thought
they could under the new charter d 1
the vacancy themselves , and could
then pick out a wan who would join
iiion > harmouioutly in their ichemes , but h
appearing th t the people would hate
.ho picking of the man , they felt a little
ioubtful about a man of their peculiar i
dews being put into the board , and under
mch circumstances Judge James might t
irova less of a thorn in the tleh than
he new suau. It it probable , therefore ,
hat the matter may yet be pitched up.
ind Judge JAUIOS retained until the end
hu term , uext priu , when the i > eo-
ilo will accept bis rtui nition and the }
Migoatlon of other * of the democratic
ouucil.
THE FIAT MOVE ,
Tlio 1'ropoNcil GhfttiKO In lie City
rinnnclnl Policy ,
The fact that the general warrants of
the city nro being sold at Bovonly-fivo
cents on a dollar haa caused the mayor to
put on his thinking-cap and ho has boon
evolving a plan to remedy the deplorable
fact. Uo claims that a few capitalists are
bearing the warrants down no that they
can feather their ncats with an increase
on the cash investment of from thirty to
forty percent. The fact ia vouched for
by other city officials that there nro loss
general fund warrants now outstanding
than when the warranla were being
shaved at ninoly-thrco conU or BO. The
mayor's now scheme ia to have the city
take In general fund warrants pay for
licenses and fines of nil kinds , and for the
amounts duo the city , which has hereto
fore been paid in coatn. Thin , ho thinks ,
will increase the number of purchasers ,
for every man who hns anything to pay
the city will buy warrants at a discount
and pay in these instead of cash. The
increased demand will , according to his
theory , Increase the price paid and war-
ranta Trill run up from 7fi cents to 05
cents. Ho also proposes Instead of issu
ing the present form of warrants , to hnvo
warrants in the form of paper money ,
and in denomination of ono , two , Five ,
ton dollars , etc. , BO that they can bo used
in business. Still another feature is to
got aomo merchants in every line of busi
ness to agroa to take those warrants at
par for any goods in tholr stores , at the
same prices us they would sell the
goods for cash. Such , in brief ,
la the now financial plan , and by re
quest of the mayor the city attorney has
prepared an ordinance covering those
points. The now ordinance is to bo con
sidered at the next meeting of the city
council.
Some do not favor the plan an thus
presented , for the reason that the only
cash revenue coming Into the city , ex
cept when taxes are being collected , is
that from fines , licenses , etc. , which
money now goes into what is known as
the police fund. The now move will
virtually wipe out the police fund , which
just now is the only cash fund nvnilabl *
for the payment of any bills. Every
body who owes the city anything would
at once atop paying cash , and
would buy up some outstanding
warrant at a discount and pay with that.
The cash revenue being cut oil * , the city
would haTe no ready money to pay any
bill , and all bills would have to bo paid in
general fund warrants. It la predicted
that for a abort time the warrants would
advance a little , but they would soon
drop again , and then the city in making
any and all purchases would have to pay
a sulUciontly advanced price above what
the purchasers could bo made for In cash ,
to coyer the depreciation of ita paper.
It ia doubtful whether the council will
approve the mayor's scheme. The real
cause of all the trouble seems to be , not
that the general fund warrants are not
good , at present , not that there are not
enough purchasers , but that the people
at largo have not enough confidence in
the city government. The people are
fearful that , although there may not bo
ao many warrants now outstanding as to
depreciate the real value to aovouty-fiva
cents , there may bo thousands upon thou-1
Bands recklessly issued hereafter , and
that ic will bo n long time before they
see their cash again , if they invest in
warrants. This fear may bo groundless ,
but na it aooma to cxiat the council should
tirat attempt to quiet it and restore con
fidence. One purchaser of warrants who
haa over $2000 invested in them got on
honest judgement against the city in pay
ment thereof , but instead of levying on
judgement tax to pay oil this claim
the council insists on putting off
the levy until compelled to do BO by a
mandamus. Others who would gladly in
vest in warrants know this , and naturally
shrink from getting into the samotroublo
If the council had squared its jlalm , the
same person would have become a pur
chaser again , and had $2,000 or more to
invest again. Such ia but an illustration
of how the confidence of tno public ia
shaken , and it matters little what now
scheme ia sprung , unless the city govern
ment auccseds in restoring the confidence
of the people , and assuring them in some
way that thu fears of over issue and of
non-payment are groundless and foolish.
Cloning Out ,
To close the business I offer my stock of
miscellaneous books , picture , fansy goods ,
notions , fire screens , easels , willow and
cano high chairs and children's rockers ,
at prices never known before in the west.
II. E Seaman , paper , books and stationery -
ory , 504 Broadway , Council Bluffs.
EXTENSIVE
-OF
RT HORNS !
AT
Council j Bluffs , Iowa ,
WEDNESDAY , OCT. 20TU ,
L , C. BALDWIN & SON
Will ( ll pphtj- l of WtllBitJ Siorl Horn
iltl < - , cucfU inf tl
BullsGows& Heifers
Ofth lo8o >
. . KOM tl Sturon. Lii'j- Xt.fc.u-M , Croik
hlBVj. luithu UJy tlUiWOu. lUliikit , ,
3 <
. i - tn
tulk * itl > tfa .
/tTtruu ci'h , or ipptotcU estet nuwlu
joalb M h lut Yl \ 1 | < r -l. SA ! it jtW p.
Ottilofuc. K < 4 oo i vitik
L c BALDWIN & $ n.v.
J . . . . iv rtsu t.0o cuinusj.
Mrs , H , J , Hfltoi , n , , JCl J
HYSIOIAN & SITKGEON ,
923 xiddlt Bro 4-rty , cotutell Bias * . Cl
O
103 MAIN STEEST ,
Council Bluffs ,
J. MUELI
IMPORTER / \D DEALER IN
AND-
Musical I nstruments of E very Descriptioi
1 claim to havn the best selected stock nud largest variety of anne
no about hero. I can duplicate New York and Chicago prices ever
ime ; and that I sell low those wno are and have been my customers wi
bear me out.
Mvlino o Plush'Goods is especially fine , such as Albums , Ode
Cnses , Toilet Sets , Ladies1 Arm Bags , Purses , etc.
I have the largest stock and best variety in Cups and Saucers , Vnses
Toilet Suts , Tin Toys , Dolls , Doll Carriages , Wagons , Sleds. Carts and si
on without an end.
As my traveling agent may not get around to see you in timeI will allov
ou 5 per cent on any bill for traveling expenses if you will call at my
ore and make your selections. My samples will be ready by October
st , 1881. I guarantee low prices.
Assortments of Toysfrom 8100 to § 5.00 put upjready ehip.
COOKING AND HEATING STOVES
Both new and second hand , ranging in prices from S3.50 to
? 25 each. Take advantage and call early to obtain
the best bargains. Iain making a bic ; reduction in
TTT. THL T 3 1C "Of ? "O" "F& . IF
I S fffcti WM "A * > i tJiLm * * * * * J mJmVM LTf B
AB 1 nceJ the room to display my etock of stores.
Coundl Blufle-Iowa'
KVKHYTIIINa * 1K3TCLA8B.
Noa. 817 and 2198. Main St. . COUNCILBLUFFS
MRS , S. J. NOREIS ,
Having opened in n now store I invite the Inflection of ladlon.
. S. J. NOIIRIS , li : ( ) Itromlway , . . . Ooiiiioll
A. F. ClATTEH UOK , G. Entuit , 0. I'l ' Ikswioic ,
Manager. Assistant. SucioUiry.
Council Bluffs Detective Association
Ulllilo . all kliiceo ! iletfcliio trk lor llanHr , Knjirom , 'lulvitr | > 'i ' mil Unllwny co i iitnlui , Morcliunta ,
U.rufactotlt * . ( . ' . . '
'ortor.vlims. I'nllloiuiJ Tiltatu IiistltiUlonaBnil DUtikt Attoruoyi Htoltn | iriuuity ru-
covertil Collections imde , Hissing friend * Iniiiid , llJ'Cca ) prflcurit I. 8MJI ) rimunt oflonnl ( ir the ntient
n < l com Ictloncl any person < > r i rfonsliiuijulently riMiroiuiitln thl < anclatlon All cummimlcutloim
itrlctly confidential. Office : Matciilo Tcmiilo Coiinoll Illiilln Iowa. 1 * O. llux IJ03.
WUOLK8ALK DKAfcKUS IN
HATS , CAPS BUCKQL01TB ]
nd 34 * Proadwnv. BLUFFS TOW A
Waves , Switches , Whatnots , Langl.'y asd Pompadour
Frizzes ,
ALL KINDS OF
MAIN STREET , t > CUNOIL BLUFFS
MRS. L A. WARBURTON ,
FASHIONABLE D RESSMAKER.
Cutting and Fitting a Specialty.
2M BROADWAY COUNCIL BLVIT3.
W.R.VAUGHAN.
fustice of the Peace ,
and Coandl Btarlr.
tvU enU ct2oa K ccr. Oil Tt&swt Ecci
N. scmraz.
orncz OTEB AUKBICJLS exrucsa.
DDNCIL BLUFFS. IOWA
R , Rice M. D.
fl \ini DO or other tumor * rtsnorcd without Ih
lmi\bJJnO \ | kcUt ordnviojo blood.
CHRONIC DISEASES
Orer hlrtjryMn pr&c ( al tip rioM OTM
tre t. Coadl tUaffi
BOOGE'S SIOUX CITY HAMS.
J. Y. FULLER ,
Commission Merchant
IVul Str t . . . Couocll BluCf , lori.
HTF
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
Wo make a specialty , at our EASTERN i .olory , of PINE HAVANA smd
YAR.A CIGARS. All Oigara sold by uo tire of 01 r own manufacture and warranted
as represented ,
L
OPERA HOUSE OIGAR. HOUSE , I BBS Broadway , '
H. H. HOIINE & CO. , | COUNCIL BLUFFS , . ' " IOWA ,
BOOT
A COMPLETE LINE OF
Boots , Shoes and Rubbers
All new and clean. LOWEST rilCE3 ! and shown In PLAIN FIOUtlES. Solid goedft. No
shoddy. All work wurmntoJ. Wo are bound to jfet acquainted , If poods And mlccs
will do It. No trouble to ehow Roods. 1UII orders solicited. Ooodi eonl to all
partsC. O. 1) . subject to nppr\al. Call nnd look oicr our stock at
a Boston Boot and Shoe tore.
417 Broadway , Council Bluffa. E. E. ADAMS & CO.
NOKENX & LANDSTROM ,
Fall Goods Ready. Suits' Mndo to Order in Latest Style
ca Short Notice and n Kcnsoiiale Prices.
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
206 Slam Street. - .
Counoll Bnfla , <
BE. JBBB'S ELECTRIC BELT.
0.000 Klcctrlo Baits fold for the Month of Sept , by us.
n
References Any of the Imslncw housc In Council niuffs. JUDD & Slimi Proprietors.
Saloarooma 319 , Broadway. Manufactory 30. Fourth St. COUNCIL BLUFFS-
KIEL'S SALE STABLES
Keep Horses and Mules constantly on hand which ,
wo will sell In retail or wholesale lots.
All Stock ( Warranted as Represented.
Wlioloialo and retail dealers In .
Grain and Baled Hay. Prices rea
eonable. Satisfaction Ouirantrcd.
) SCHLTZTTEIi < Ss ZBOILIEir
Corner Fifth Avo. & 4th St. , Council Blufin
SMITH & TOLLER ,
LEADING MERCHANT TAILORS
7 and 9 Mala street ,
COUNCIL BIOTFS , IOWA.
A Complete Line of Fall Goods to Select From.
LARGEST AND'BEST STOCK OF ALL KINDS OF
In Iowa and Nebraska , and sold for the least money at 337 Broadway , Council
Binds , Iowa.
MRS , D , A , BENEDICTManufacturer , ,
\
urtalns , in Lace , Fl'b , Turcoman , Etc.4 oil clotfca , mattings , Idnolourna Eta
hoicest and Best Selected STOCK in the WEST ,
OHIO and bo convinced that wo are hoadqnartors for all goods in our line ,
hoapost i/laco to buy CARPETS , Curtains and House Furnishings in the
City. Upholstering and Bedding Supplies.
Nos. C , 7 and 9 MASONIC TEMPLE - * COUNCIL BLUFFS
Mail Orders Filled PromptlyCardauo
MANDEMAKEKS & V.N ,
STAIR BUILDING A SPECIALTY ;
201 Upper Broadway Cor. Stutsman St. , COUNCIL BLUFF3.
Orders in the city or country solicited. Prompt attention nnd , , sntisfactiou
Guaranteed. Plans and specifications furnished free.
THE MODEL STEAM LAUNDRY
Ia bettor prepared than over before to fill nil demands for washing. Wo call your
attention especially to our capacity for doing family washing. Very low rates. All
kinds of work done in llrst-clnsn order. Special painB will bu taken with ll.iuuols.
Ordora sent by mini or otherwise receive prompt attention.
ALBERT P. JOHNSON , Proprietor.
712 BROADWAY COUNCIL BLUFFS
Metalic Caskets and Wooden Coffins of all Kinds.
EuEGRAPH ORDERS PROMTLY ATTENDED TO. OPEN DAY AND NIGHT
XMo. 3.2 3ST. nvrnixx St. . CJoia.3ta.oil 331xxCT .
W. RALYSWORTH.
Fnn > e Houwi mjtctloa the LITTI.E CJIANT Irnoki tml au > n.ljjiwr > ny klu > l (0'iJrouua ' (
11IUCK HOUSES nl * < M 11 work ga
W."lAYMWOHT1I , 1010 .Ninth tr o .
IN > ' Vt' I , 11I.UKKS.
HALLETT , DAVIS AND COMPANY PIANOS
Kmor ! l Ij rXtKitauT ,
EMERSON PIANOS ,
Uuittillcxl or Tv4i or rlnlthi
KIMBALIi PIANOS
Ik.t KiJoru IVIo * la lluj.
Tha Kimball Orgnn , 10 long and fnvornlily known In tlio vmit , t-vwuuiit uiU lt l ( .
J. STKNVAKT , SoleAffwit fur bo\u llnci nj OtHxk \VMvr\vii,1 : 3V I r
Council UJulI * GurrtMpouJauco SollwUxJ. j\jv UV ulo' ' ,
