U.N. withdraws
arms inspectors
IRAQ from page 1
inspectors.
White House spokesman Mike
McCurry implied that while the U.S.
government would try to end the cri
sis through diplomacy, Clinton would
not hesitate to pursue other means if
necessary.
“Even as George Bush said (in
the Persian Gulf War), if it was neces
sary to go alone, he would have gone
alone,” McCurry said. “And that’s
true of the United States when it
defends its interests and true of this
commander in chief.”
The U.N. Security Council met
Thursday to discuss the expulsion of
the Americans but failed to agree on a
response to Iraq’s defiance, even
though the 15 members Wednesday
had condemned the decision to throw
out the Americans.
After three hours of deliberations,
the council suspended the meeting
and agreed to return at 10 p.m. EST.
But the meeting was delayed.
uipiomais irom two council
member states, speaking on condi
tion of anonymity, said the Chinese
were holding up the proceeding
because they were upset over
Richardson’s earlier remarks to a
U.N. committee, where he said
Tibetans suffer from “China’s harsh
repression.”
Diplomatic sources, speaking on
condition of anonymity, also said sev
eral members of the Security Council
were angered by the decision to
reduce the U.N. inspecttbn team in
Baghdad to a'skeletal crew, instead of
simply withdrawing the American
members*
The resentment of the other coun
cil members — including France,
Security'
Council ordered it to do at the end of
the 1991‘Gulf War. The council will
not lift trade sanctions against Iraq—
imposed after Iraq’s 1990 invasion of
Kuwait—until those terms are met.
Iraq implemented the expulsion
order one day after the council voted
unanimously to condemn Iraq for its
Oct. 29 decision to kick out the
American injectors.
It also slapped a travel ban on
Iraqis who interfere with the inspec
tions but avoided any explicit threat
of military Ibrce. Iraq had put off
implementing its expulsion order
until the council finished its debate.
Butler, die head of the U.N. team,
admitted Thursday that pulling all
inspectors out would severely hamper
the United Nation’s ability to ensure
that Iraq is not building weapons of
mass destruction.
But Butler, an Australian, said the
United Nations could not tolerate
“this illegal separation of nationali
ties.”
“Therefore, I will withdraw all
(inspection) staff tomorrow and leave
a skeleton staff at the Baghdad center
to sustain our facility pending resolu
tion of the present crisis,” Butler said.
Butler said he hoped the depart
ing team members could return when
“the conditions are acceptable.”
For the past 11 days, Butler has
insisted on sending along Americans
on U.N. inspections, and each time
the Iraqis have barred the U.S. inspec
tors from entering suspected
weapons sites.
Last week, Butler accused Iraq of
taking advantage of the suspension of
inspections to move sensitive equip
ment and tamper with cameras that
monitor weapons sites around the
clock.
jj.av£ viaxuia ruu^nwaiio uummait
and manipulate the U.N. Special
Commission, which conducts the
inspections, to keep the sanctions in
place.,
Earlier Thursday, Aziz said again
that Iraq was willing to cooperate
with the U.N. weapons inspectors —
except for the Americans. Aziz, in
New York for the Security Council
debate, said Iraq “is ready to continue
its cooperation with” the non
American inspectors and allow them
to perform their duties “fully.”
Aziz said, however, if Butler
decided to remove the entire team,
“he will bear the responsibility for his
technicians to monitor surveillance
cameras along with* Chilean heli
copter crew working for the United
Nations, Butler said.
In Baghdad, meanwhile, about
1,500 Iraqis took to the streets of
Baghdad shouting anti-American
slogans and waving Iraqi flags in the
latest government-orchestrated
protest.
“Our soul, our Wood, we sacrifice
for you, Saddam,” the crowd chanted,
jabbing fists into the air. One banner
read, “We condemn the stance of the
American spies.”
Hundreds of Iraqis camped out at
Saddam’s main palace in Baghdad for
a fourth day to protect it from any
possible U.S. attack.
MOULTON from page 1
brought him.”
The president’s remarks before
the abbreviated screening of the film
also indicated Monday night’s festiv
ities weren’t just a welcome reprieve
from the less-than-relaxing presiden
tial activities earlier in the day.
“I have been looking forward to
this night since February,” Clinton
said in a speech at the White House
Monday. He said he wanted the
chance to display all of the Lewis and
Clark artifacts at the White House.
Clinton also publicly acknowl
edged Moulton for his work with the
project, saying he was grateful to him
and the others who had helped enrich
people’s appreciation of Lewis and
Clark.
“That is a very precious gift to
our future generations,” Clinton said.
His expedition
For Moulton, the Lewis and Clark
Expedition didn’t start until 1979.
That was when he answered a
University of Nebraska Press classi
fied advertisement looking for some
one to edit the journals of American
explorers Merriweather Lewis and
William Clark.
He was hired by UNL in a joint
appointment as both the journals edi
tor, which he spends about 75 percent
of his time doing, and as a professor
of American history, where he teach
es one class each semester.
But even with a Ph.D. in
American history from Oklahoma
State University, he admitted it was a
subject he knew very little about.
“I knew a little something about
it,” he said. “But I wasn’t deeply
involved.”
Moulton did have some previous
experience editing historical jour
nals, specifically those of Cherokee
Indian Chi^(Jalffl Ross, so he was
?. -A-.-'_
hired by the University of Nebraska
Press.
He soon became deeply involved
in the expedition and the editing pro
ject. In three years, the first volume
of The Journals of the Lewis and
Clark Expedition was published.
In the beginning, he wasn’t sure
what he had gotten himself into.
He had a quick answer to whether
or not the job he took nearly 20 years
ago was what he had expected.
“No it wasn’t,” he said with a
smile.
“I didn’t know of all their work
with science, astronomy, or their
botanical findings. All that was new
to me.”
It didn’t take him long, however,
to find himself enthralled in Lewis
and Clark lore.
Once you get into the story, you
catch the bug pretty quick,” he said.
It seems the government has
caught the Lewis and Clark bug too.
The project, Moulton said, is funded
by the National Endowment for the
Humanities.
Since the project began, 11 more
volumes, based on the expedition’s
18 notebooks which included more
than a million words, have been pub
lished, each one about three years
apart.
Only one more volume, focusing
on the explorers’ botanical artifacts,
is in the works and should be pub
lished in 1999, Moulton said.
It’s been a grCfct job, Moulton
said, working on “one of the foremost
editing projects in the. country,” but
this is where it will end forJbjjg.
He said he does plan on working
on condensing the final 12-volume
series into a single, abridged version,
but he does not plan on taking on any
more editing projects. '' % -j -
“There really aren’t py subjects
that appeal to me lj^e LeWts and
Dayton Duncan, the co-producer
and writer of the PBS film, said
Moulton’s work on the journals and
help with production were vital.
“If it wasn’t for the existence of
his journals,” Duncan said from his
Walpole, N.H., home, “Ken and I
would not have had the courage to put
together a four-hour film on some
thing that wasn’t at all documented
with photographs.”
Duncan said the film wasn’t
based on any single book or adapta
tion of thfc expedition’s journals;
Mdfrlt^n was the main information
source. .*** ~
"“Obviously, the journals he’s edit
ed were our bible,” he said. “When
Ken and I began working on our film,
he was one of the first people I con
tacted.”
iviouuon s senes aiso iooks mio
both the “triumphant and dark”
aspects of the journey.
“It does give attention to the
encounters with the group and the
native people,” he said. “It’s not in
glossed-over terms to give the
impression everything was nice, pret
ty and neat.”
The volumes are so important
because they are a complete histori
cal collection, Duncan said.
“The journals are some of the
jewels of American history,” he said.
“They are classics of literature, let
alone of exploration, because they
are so complete.
“It’s the journals that set apart the
Lewis and Clark expedition from all
others.”
And it’s widely held, Duncan said,
that Moulton’s collection has become
and will remain the definitive Lewis
and Clark collection.
“One hundred years from now
people will be paying high prices to
get the Moulton edition of the Lewis
and Clark Journals,” he said.
By Shane Anthony
Staff Reporter
Roads workers have found a new
and better way to melt ice on
Nebraska’s highways.
Department of Roads officials
said road crews will apply ICE BAN,
a byproduct of ethanol, on highways
around Lincoln, Omaha and
Columbus this winter to melt snow
and ice, said Dalyce Ronnau, assistant
- state maintenance engineer forthe
state Department of Roads.;
Ronnau said road crews applied
some ICE BAN last year in a 50 per
cent mixture with magnesium chlo
ride and called it ICE BAN Magic.
Road crews apply the “brown,
viscous, smelly” liquid with sprayers
from truck-mounted liquid tanks, he
said. _
luc iscparuHCXH ui nuaus uiu noi
use the substance during October’s
snowstorm because the storm pro
duced heavy snow, but little ice on the
roads, Ronnau said.
“Ice or packed snow gives us the
most trouble,” Ronnau said.
Workers can plow heavy snow
accumulation such as the 16 inches
that fell in the October 26 snowstorm,
but crews hope to continue testing
ICE BAN when the temperatures drop
this winter.
Steve Bytnar, technical service
representative for Minnesota Corn
Processors in Marshall, Minn., said
the company produces ICEBAN from
residuals left after distilling ethanol.
The substance is delivered as a liq
uid and can be used in three ways, he
said: j
■ Crews dan apply the substance
to roadways before a storm hits. ICE
BAN sticks to the road and prevents
ice from bonding to the pavement.
BAN can be sprayed
onto packed snow or ice to
BAN mixes with salt or
_in?'' ; -V '
- f
«-3- !j
As a demonstration, I’ve had people
doubt me, and 1 drank it. I don *t think it s
that great, but its not that bad.”
, "Steve Bytnar ;
^ . »representative for ICE BAN producer
sand to reduce corrosion and save on
the amount of salt and sand applied.
The ethanol byproduct melts
snow and ice faster than salt or sand,
but is even less corrosive than water,
Bytnar said.
Bytnar said ICE BAN melts ice
better because it contains 40 percent
solids, compared to 30 percent solids
for other mixtures such as magnesium
chloride or calcium chloride.
ICE BAN also is less corrosive
than other liquid deicers or even
water, he said.
The same ethanol byproduct used
in ICE BAN is used as a cattle-feed
additive, Bytnar said, so it is safe for
consumption.
“As a demonstration, I’ve had
people doubt me, and I drank it,” he
said. “I don’t think it’s that great, but
it’s not bad.”
Ronnau and Bytnar said the smell
may be the worst aspect of the liquid.
They described it as a smell similar to
raw molasses or molasses used in soy
sauce.
Because ICE BAN is less corro
sive, it will not damage road surfaces
or kill plants like other solutions, he
said.
Wayne Teten, deputy director of
operations for the Department of
Roads, said the low corrosion factor
makes ICE BAN appealing.
“It’s kind of expensive, but we
think it’s got some potential, especial
ly in urban areas where corrosion is
such a problem,” Teten said.
He said the state paid 85 cents per
gallon for ICE BAN. Bytnar said f;
prices for magnesium chloride and ; ‘
calcium chloride usually run between I
30 and 40 cents per gallon.Minnesota
Com Processors produces ICE BAN,
but the state buys the substance from a
distributor, EnviroTech Services in
Westminster, Colo.
But crews would use less ICE
BAN than other deicers because it
melts ice two to three times better.
When used in a combination, ICE
BAN also stretches salt and sand sup
plies, he said, r ' ' .< • •
“I don’t look for it to be used
statewide on all occasions/’ Teten
said. In some situations, crews wait to
let snow blow before salting or sand
ing, he said.
Nebraska is one of several states
testing the substance, which has been
in use on the east coast for two years!
Teten serves on the Highway
Innovative Technical Evaluation
Center committee through the Civil
Engineers Research Foundation ja
committee, which is testing the prod
uct. He said Nebraska ordered 13,50t)
gallons, which crews will apply on
highways around Lincoln, Omaha and
Columbus.
One of Minnesota Corn
Processor’s plants operates in
Columbus and will able to produce a
proper quality of ICE BAN next year.
Teten said production in
Nebraska makes ICE BAN even more
attractive. ;
“That would be a real plus in die
state of Nebraska,” he said.