'■ _1_’
By The
Associated Press
Edited by Todd Cooper
Bonus bucks
College graduates earn average of $1,039 more per month
WASHINGTON — That col
lege diploma hangineotithe wall is
worth $ 1,039 a mdnrOi in extra pay.
At that rate, it takes the typical
four-year graduate just a little un
der two years to make up the cost—
not counting the pay and experi
ence he would have earned work
ing rather than studying.
On average, people with
^bachelor’s degrees earn $2,116 a
month, a Census Bureau study said
Wednesday. High-school graduates
earn $1,077 a month.
Tuition, books, room and board
for four years at a public university
* averaged $19,880 in 1990, a survey
by the College Board found. The
cost of education has since risen to
more than $23,000 for the four
years.
Prestigious private universities
cost far more. -
Is it worth it?
“As my job search threatens —
I’ve gotten four rejections already
- it’s kind of depressing, especially
considering how much education
costs today,” said Don Modica, 21,
a senior who pays more than
$18,000 a year to attend Notre
Dame.
Despite the cost, Americans in
creasingly prize a college degree.
In 1990, one American in four
had a bachelor’s degree or higher,
the Census Bureau said. That’s up
from one in five in 1984.
-44
It isn’t like it used to be. (College graduates)
have an edge to start, but it’s not the guarantee
it used to be.
Miller
president, job-placement firm
But a diploma doesn’t always
open the doors to high pay and
security.
People with degrees in engineer
ing, computer science and other
technical fields can gel well-pay
ing jobs when they graduate, Miller
said. Everyone else is “out there in
??
the job market competing with the
high-school grads.’The universi
ties say the payoff comes several
years later, as college graduates are
promoted past their less-educated
colleagues.
Whatever the field of study, col
leges and universities try to teach
their graduates to work smarter,
said Pat Riordan, dean of admis
sions at George Mason University
in Fairfax, Va. “We are teaching
them a way to synthesize and com
municate at a much higher level
than a student that just graduates
from high school.”
The best-paying bachelor’s dc- '
gree isengineering, worth $2,953 a
month, according to the Census
figures. Social sciences graduates
trail at $1,841 a month, and a lib
eral arts or humanities degree is
worth $1,592 a month in earnings.
But the biggest money goes to
people with professional degrees,
such as law or medicine. On aver
age, those people cam $4,961 a
month extra.
Clinton tries to influence
Democrats in favor of ban
WASHINGTON — President
, Clinton tried to defuse opposition to
lifting the ban on homosexuals in the
military Wednesday, pledging on the
eve of his proposal that a strict code
governing sexual conduct would ac
company any policy change.
Clinton focused on fellow Demo
crats, telephoning Sen. Sam Nunn
and inviting Nunn and other Armed
Services Committee Democrats to an
evening meeting at the While House.
Nunn recited a litany of reasons for
keeping the ban in a Senate floor
speech. In a switch of tone from ear
lier criticism of Clinton’s handling of
the issue, he also said,
“It’s in everyone’s interest to see if
we can resolve this issue through con
sensus rather than confrontation.”
Clinton had intended to release his
policy Wednesday, but delayed it one
day to give himself and Defense Sec
retary Lcs Aspin a chance to speak
further to Nunn and other senators.
A testy Clinton refused to answer
reporters’ questions on the issue at a
picture-taking session. Asked if the
controversy was distracting him from
the economy, Clinton snapped: “No,
it’s distracting you. It’s not distract
ing me.”
Opposition continued among law
makers and in thousands of telephone
calls that tied up Capitol telephones
most of the day.
Nunn said in his speech that any
policy change must be the shared
responsibility of the executive branch
and Congress. The Georgia Democrat
asked a scries of provocative ques
tions that he said the administration
had failed to answer, including
whether separate living quarters or
changes in the law on sodomy would
be necessary.
“It’s not simply the right of homo
sexuals at stake. It’s also the right of
all those men and women who serve
in the military,” Nunn said.
His committee plans hearings on
the issue in March, and in the mean
time, he said in an interview after the
speech, ‘‘I’d like to have no final
decisive action by the president and
no final decisive action by the Con
gress.”
At the White House, spokesman
George Stcphanopoulos said the presi
dent would release his policy on Thurs
day and couple it with a strict conduct
code governing sexual behavior and
harassment that covered both homo
sexuals and heterosexuals.
‘‘I think it is important to draw a
line between status and conduct,”
Stcphanopoulos said.
Opponents of lifting the ban said
most of the hundreds of callers to the
White House felt differently. They
opposed lifting the ban.
Military officers say lifting ban
would be unworkable, disruptive
WASHINGTON — The mili
tary says it’s a matter of combat
readiness and morale, that banning
homosexuals is no different from
refusing to allow single parents or
overweight people to join the armed
forces.
And opponents of President
Clinton’s plan to lift the ban say the
White House idea of linking it to a
strict code of conduct that would
prohibit gay sexual practices would
be unworkable.
It would require gays to make
“the equivalent of a pledge of celi
bacy,’ writes Army Maj. Melissa
Wells-Petry in “Exclusion: Homo
sexuals and The Right to Serve.”
“Celibacy, however, is widely
regarded as an unrealistic standard
of behavior, particularly among
homosexuals,” she writes in the
book, scheduled for publication in
May.
An Army lawyer stationed in
Mainz, Germany, Wells-Petry
wrote the book on her own.
But it clearly states the prevail
ing Pentagon position.
Gen. Colin Powell, chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has called
lifting the ban “one of the most
difficult issues the armed forces
has faced.” Powell has made clear
hisoppositiontoPresidentClinton’s
views on the subject though saying
the military will conform to offi
cial policy.
Col. William Woodruff, a re
tired Army lawyer, says that by
admitting homosexuals the mili
tary would invite conduct that would
lead to “disruption of cohesion, the
disruption of good order and disci
pline.”
Navy Capt. James Bush dis
agreed. He supports lifting the ban.
“I never knew of a case where a
piece of equipment didn’t work
because it was operated by a homo
sexual, or a ship didn’t go to sea,
where a battle was lost,” he said.
I—— World wire
Croatian bloodshed threatens potential peace
SARAJEVO, Bosnia
Herzegovina — Serbs unleashed
their heaviest artillery bombard
ment of Sarajevo in weeks Wednes
day as fighting also raged in neigh
boring Croatia, jeopardizing peace
efforts for the whole region.
The clashes across Croatia and
Bosnia-Herzegovina have frus
T _ _ I • .< <
tratcd peace mediators and in
creased concerns that ethnic war
fare would spread deeper into the
Balkans. A U.N. statement hinted
that peacekeepers could be with
drawn from Croatia if the battles
persist.
A year-long truce was broken
last week in Croatia.
jdviv in iiic dox ourgers noia aeaaiy surprise
SEATTLE — It’s one of the
worst nightmares a parentcan have.
Deadly bacteria infiltrates ham
burger. Undercooking at a popular
fast-food chain fails to kill the bac
teria. Scores of people get sick and
one child dies.
Thousands of others wait with
dread through an incubation period
as long as a week and a half after
consumption to see if they will
develop the disease. For most, that
period ended Wednesday.
The illness was traced to Jack in
the Box outlets in Washington,
Idaho, Nevada and possibly Cali
fornia. It has produced symptoms
ranging from bloody diarrhea and
intense abdominal pain to stroke
like bleeding in the brain, and irre
versible damage to intestines and
kidneys.
Former employee returns to job,
murders two people in Florida
Restaurant
shooting
■
“M
TAM I'A, Fla. — A man wearing a
business suit reportedly shouted “This
is what you all gel for firing me!” and
opened fire in an office building cafe
during lunchtime Wednesday, killing
three people and wounding two. The
man later was found dead in a nearby
park, an apparent suicide.
The gunman, Paul Caldcn, 33, was
a former employee of Fireman’s Fund
Insurance Co. “s local office, said Steve
Cole, spokesman for the Tampa Po
lice Department.
‘‘It was not a matter of him going
into the cafeteria and just spraying in
every direction,” Cole said. ‘‘It ap
pears he targeted people at one or two
tables, people he may have known,
people he may have worked with.”
A Firemen’s Fund spokesman
wouldn’t say whether the victims were
employees.
Police initially believed Caldcn
might still be in the 12-story building
after the shootings, and they made a
room-by-room sweep as workers
stayed inside their offices. Hours later
Caldcn was found dead in a rental car
in a park in nearby Clearwater. Police
said he apparently shot himself.
Sarah Reid, 3i, said the man was
an arm’s length away from her when
the shooting started in the Island Cen
ter office building’s first-floor cafe.
“It’s totally unbelievable. I just
thank God he spared my life,” she
said. He “just shot all these people
around this one table.”
The cafeteria had some 25 diners
during the lunchtime shooting.
Two men died at the scene; an
other died en route to the hospital,
Cole said. Two women were hospital
ized in serious condition.
umciai: ursi delays takeover ot Somalia
Countries push for
name of independent,
respected mediator
MOGADISHU, Somalia — U.S.
special envoy Robert B. Oakley ac
cused the United Nationson Wednes
day of “dragging its feet” on taking
over military command in Somalia
from the United States.
He said the United States and other
nations were pressing U.N. Secre
tary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali
to name a respected independent me
diator to help Somalia’s warring fac
tions on the road to peace.
“There’s a quiet, collective push to
get Mr. Boutros-Ghali to do for So
malia what he seems to be comfort
able with in Bosnia,” Oakley said.
Boutros-Ghali appointed former
U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance
last August to seek a negotiated settle
ment to the war in Bosnia. Vance is
working alongside Lord Owen, a
former British foreign secretary who
is the European Community media
tor.
“It doesn’t have to be Vance and
Owen, but someone of independent
stature,” Oakley said in an interview.
“It would make the United Nations a
lot stronger... and it would fit very
nicely with the idea of having a mili
tary commander flying the U.N. flag.”
The United Nations has had two
special envoys to Somalia, a post
currently held by Ismat Kittani, an
Iraqi. It was not clear whether Oakley
meant to imply criticism of Kittani.
Oakley, a former U.S. ambassador
to Somalia, was brought out of retire
ment by former President Bush to
help oversee operation Restore Hope,
launched to feed Somalia’s starving.
Oakley said the United States had
restored enough security since the
Marines arrived on Dec. 9 for a U.N.
commander to begin taking power.
He said he believed President Clinton
endorses this view.
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